WO2012004971A1 - Radiation heating device - Google Patents

Radiation heating device Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012004971A1
WO2012004971A1 PCT/JP2011/003805 JP2011003805W WO2012004971A1 WO 2012004971 A1 WO2012004971 A1 WO 2012004971A1 JP 2011003805 W JP2011003805 W JP 2011003805W WO 2012004971 A1 WO2012004971 A1 WO 2012004971A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heating element
temperature
heating
heat
guard
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/JP2011/003805
Other languages
French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
荻野　弘之
弘次 吉本
Original Assignee
パナソニック株式会社
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by パナソニック株式会社 filed Critical パナソニック株式会社
Priority to JP2012523519A priority Critical patent/JPWO2012004971A1/en
Publication of WO2012004971A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012004971A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2225—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters arrangements of electric heaters for heating air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2226—Electric heaters using radiation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H1/2215—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant the heat being derived from electric heaters
    • B60H1/2227—Electric heaters incorporated in vehicle trim components, e.g. panels or linings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61D—BODY DETAILS OR KINDS OF RAILWAY VEHICLES
    • B61D27/00—Heating, cooling, ventilating, or air-conditioning
    • B61D27/0036—Means for heating only
    • B61D27/0045—Electric heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D13/00—Electric heating systems
    • F24D13/02—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating
    • F24D13/022—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements
    • F24D13/024—Electric heating systems solely using resistance heating, e.g. underfloor heating resistances incorporated in construction elements in walls, floors, ceilings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H3/00—Air heaters
    • F24H3/002—Air heaters using electric energy supply
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/10—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor
    • H05B3/12—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material
    • H05B3/14—Heating elements characterised by the composition or nature of the materials or by the arrangement of the conductor characterised by the composition or nature of the conductive material the material being non-metallic
    • H05B3/145—Carbon only, e.g. carbon black, graphite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/20—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater
    • H05B3/22—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible
    • H05B3/28—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material
    • H05B3/286—Heating elements having extended surface area substantially in a two-dimensional plane, e.g. plate-heater non-flexible heating conductor embedded in insulating material the insulating material being an organic material, e.g. plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00007—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices
    • B60H1/00207—Combined heating, ventilating, or cooling devices characterised by the position of the HVAC devices with respect to the passenger compartment
    • B60H2001/00221—Devices in the floor or side wall area of the passenger compartment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/22—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices the heat being derived otherwise than from the propulsion plant
    • B60H2001/2268—Constructional features
    • B60H2001/2293—Integration into other parts of a vehicle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24D—DOMESTIC- OR SPACE-HEATING SYSTEMS, e.g. CENTRAL HEATING SYSTEMS; DOMESTIC HOT-WATER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; ELEMENTS OR COMPONENTS THEREFOR
    • F24D19/00—Details
    • F24D19/06—Casings, cover lids or ornamental panels, for radiators
    • F24D19/067—Front coverings attached to the radiator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0052—Details for air heaters
    • F24H9/0057—Guiding means
    • F24H9/0063—Guiding means in air channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/02—Heaters using heating elements having a positive temperature coefficient
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/022—Heaters specially adapted for heating gaseous material
    • H05B2203/023—Heaters of the type used for electrically heating the air blown in a vehicle compartment by the vehicle heating system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B30/00—Energy efficient heating, ventilation or air conditioning [HVAC]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T30/00—Transportation of goods or passengers via railways, e.g. energy recovery or reducing air resistance

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a radiant heating device, and more particularly to a radiant heating device capable of energy-saving heating for an electric propulsion vehicle such as a fuel-efficient vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an electric vehicle.
  • a planar electric heater is disposed on the surface of the interior member, and a high radiation rate heat radiating member is disposed on the surface of the electric heater (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).
  • Patent Document 1 since there is a possibility that the occupant directly touches the radiation surface to cause a low temperature burn, the temperature of the radiation surface is suppressed to a reference temperature (for example, 42 ° C.) or less at which the low temperature burn is started. Necessary, high temperature radiation is not possible. Therefore, when the outside air temperature is low, there is a problem that a feeling of heating cannot be obtained because the radiation temperature is low even if the radiation heating device is operated.
  • a reference temperature for example, 42 ° C.
  • This invention solves the said conventional subject, and it aims at providing the radiation heating apparatus which can obtain a feeling of heating, preventing a low-temperature burn.
  • the present invention provides a radiant heating device for an occupant of an electric propulsion vehicle, wherein the heating element is installed in a room of the electric propulsion vehicle, and radiation generated from the heating element is transmitted. And a guard part disposed in front of the heating element, and a heat conduction part that protrudes from the surface of the guard part facing the heating element and contacts the heating element.
  • the radiation generated by the heat generated by the heating element passes through the opening of the guard part and is irradiated to the occupant.
  • the heat generated from the heating element is conducted to the guard part through the heat conducting part, and as a result, the guard part is warmed. Therefore, even if the room temperature is low, the occupant can get warm by the radiant heat transmitted from the opening and the heat conducted through the heat conducting part by directly touching the guard part.
  • the temperature of the heating element can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be increased, so that it is possible to further improve the warming.
  • the passenger does not directly touch the heating element, low-temperature burns can be prevented and the temperature of the heating element can be set high, so that the radiation temperature can be increased and the heating effect can be enhanced.
  • the guard part is also warmed by heat conduction, even if the room temperature is low, the occupant can touch the guard part and directly warm it, so that the heating effect is further improved.
  • FIG. 1 Room sectional drawing of the electric propulsion vehicle which arranged the radiation heating seat device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • a first aspect of the present invention is a radiant heating device for an occupant of an electric propulsion vehicle, wherein a heating element installed in a room of the electric propulsion vehicle and an opening that transmits radiation generated from the heating element are formed, and the heat generation A guard portion disposed in front of the body, and a heat conduction portion that protrudes from the surface of the guard portion facing the heating element and contacts the heating element, and generates radiation generated by heat generation of the heating element. Is transmitted to the passenger through the opening of the guard. At the same time, heat generated from the heating element is conducted to the guard part via the heat conducting part, and as a result, the guard part is warmed. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is low, the occupant can get warm by the radiant heat transmitted through the opening and the heat conducted through the heat conducting portion by directly touching the guard portion.
  • the temperature of the heating element can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be increased, so that it is possible to further improve the warming.
  • the heating element of the first invention is a planar PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater. Due to the PTC characteristic of the heating element, the PTC heater has a low resistance at the start of heating. Since the value is small, the calorific value becomes large, the PTC heater rises quickly, and there is a quick warming property. In addition, after the temperature rise, the resistance value of the PTC heater is increased, so that the power consumption is reduced, and the temperature of the PTC heater is stable where the heat generation of the PTC heater and the heat dissipation to the surroundings are balanced, so-called self-temperature control is performed. Therefore, the reliability and safety as a heating element are improved.
  • PTC Physical Temperature Coefficient
  • the third invention particularly relates to the first invention, and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the guard portion, and the heat generation of the heating element so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or lower than a preset temperature.
  • Control means for controlling, for example, by setting the set temperature as a reference temperature (for example, 42 ° C.) at which a low temperature burn starts, the temperature of the guard portion is controlled to be equal to or lower than the set temperature. Does not cause low-temperature burns even if it touches the guard.
  • control means of the third aspect of the invention controls the heating temperature of the heating element so as to be in the range of 60 ° C. to 90 ° C., and projects the opening with respect to the projected area of the guard portion.
  • the proportion of the area is 60% or more, and the length of the heat conduction part is 10 mm or less.
  • the fifth aspect of the invention is an electric propulsion vehicle including the radiant heating device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the passenger compartment is warmed directly by using the radiant heating device during heating in winter.
  • the heating load can be reduced, and the decrease in cruising range can be suppressed.
  • a sixth aspect of the present invention is a radiant heating device for an occupant of an electric propulsion vehicle, wherein a heating element installed in a room in the electric propulsion vehicle and an opening that transmits radiation generated from the heating element are formed.
  • a guard portion disposed so that one surface is in contact with the heating element, and a heat conduction portion that protrudes from the other surface opposite to the one surface of the guard portion and conducts heat generated from the heating element. Therefore, the radiation generated by the heat generated by the heating element passes through the opening of the guard portion and is irradiated to the occupant. At the same time, the heat generated from the heating element is conducted to the heat conducting part via the guard part, and as a result, the heat conducting part is warmed.
  • the occupant can directly warm the radiant heat transmitted from the opening and the heat conducted through the heat conduction part by directly touching the heat conduction part.
  • the temperature of the heating element can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be raised, so it is possible to warm up better. It becomes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an interior of an electric propulsion vehicle provided with a radiant heating seat device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the radiant heating seat device is disposed in at least one place such as an instrument panel lower portion 1, a door trim 2, a ceiling 3, and a front seat back surface 4.
  • the lower part 1 of the instrument panel is the feet of the front seat occupant
  • the door trim 2 is the body side of the front seat and the rear seat occupant
  • the ceiling 3 is the head of the occupant
  • the back surface 4 of the front seat is Radiant heating is applied to the feet of passengers in the rear seats.
  • FIG. 2 is a front view (see (a)) of the radiant heating device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a side view (see (b)) of the device, and a top view ((c)) of the device.
  • the radiant heating device is formed with a heating element 5 and a vertically long opening 6 that transmits radiation generated from the heating element 5, and in front of the heating element 5 (that is, on the passenger side with respect to the heating element 5).
  • the guard part 7 is provided, and a plurality of heat conducting parts 8 projecting from the surface of the guard part 7 facing the heat generating element 5 and contacting the heat generating element 5 are provided.
  • the guard part 7 and the heat conduction part 8 are molded with resin, and the guard part 7 and the heat conduction part 8 may be integrally molded with resin.
  • the resin material it is desirable to use polypropylene often used in automobile interior materials and add flame retardant by adding a flame retardant.
  • a heat insulating material 9 is disposed on the back surface of the heating element 5 in order to prevent heat dissipation in unnecessary directions.
  • a heat insulating material 9 may be further provided so as to cover the gap.
  • a metal plate such as an aluminum plate may be provided on the surface of the heating element 5 on the guard portion side so that the heating element 5 is heated and the strength is maintained.
  • a planar PTC heater is used as the heating element 5.
  • the PTC heater 5 is formed, for example, by kneading a resin and carbon powder to create a resistor, and laminating the resistor with a base material by roll processing, then performing electrode forming and laminating with a protective film. Use.
  • a case where a PTC heater is employed as the heating element will be described as an example, but a heater other than the PTC heater may be employed as the heating element.
  • the lower limit is 60 ° C. and the upper limit is 90 ° C.
  • the reason for this is that at least 50 ° C. is necessary as a radiation temperature at which a feeling of heating can be experimentally obtained at room temperature, and that the temperature of the guard portion 7 rises to about 40 ° C. and the aperture ratio of the guard portion 7 described later. From this relationship, 60 ° C. is derived as a guideline for the lower limit value. Further, most of the interior members in the passenger compartment in which the heating element 5 is disposed use a resin material, and the upper limit is set to 90 ° C. in consideration of the softening point and reliability of the resin.
  • the saturation temperature at normal temperature of the PTC heater 5 can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the material composition such as carbon powder. However, it is necessary to add a large amount of carbon powder to increase the radiation temperature. However, if the amount of carbon powder is large, the workability deteriorates. Therefore, in this embodiment, the saturation temperature is within the range of 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. Is set to be.
  • the measurement is performed with a radiation thermometer at a predetermined distance from the apparatus toward the radiation surface of the apparatus (the surface of the guard portion 7 in the above configuration).
  • the value is the radiation temperature.
  • This radiation temperature can be estimated by adding the product of the surface temperature of the PTC heater 5 and the aperture ratio described later and the product of the surface temperature of the guard 7 and the non-aperture ratio described later.
  • the guard part 7 and the heat conduction part 8 are integrally molded with resin.
  • the width of the opening 6 is preferably set to a width that makes it difficult for the occupant to directly touch the heating element 5 through the opening 6.
  • the width of the opening 6 is set to 4 mm or less so that the fingertip of the infant is not inserted. Yes.
  • the ratio of the projection area (projection area onto the heating element 5) of the opening 6 (hereinafter referred to as the aperture ratio) to the projection area (projection area onto the heating element 5) of the guard portion 7 is 60% or more.
  • the width of the opening 6 and the heat conduction part 8 is set so that the ratio of the projected area of the non-opening part to the projected area of the guard part 7 is defined as the non-opening ratio.
  • the reason why the aperture ratio is set to 60% or more is that when the aperture ratio is less than 60%, the above-described radiation temperature becomes low, and it becomes difficult for the passenger to feel a feeling of heating.
  • the length of the heat conducting portion 8 in the depth direction is 4 mm to 10 mm. This is because when the length of the heat conducting part 8 exceeds 10 mm, it becomes difficult to ensure the above-mentioned radiation temperature of 50 ° C. or more, and the length of the heat conducting part 8 is less than 4 mm. This is because it has been experimentally found that the heat generated by the PTC heater 5 is conducted to the guard portion 7 more than necessary, and the surface temperature of the guard portion 7 becomes 42 ° C. or more, which is the upper limit temperature for preventing low-temperature burns.
  • the PTC heater 5 When energization of the PTC heater 5 is started, the PTC heater 5 starts to generate heat, the temperature of the PTC heater 5 rises, and radiant heat is generated. Further, the heat generated by the PTC heater 5 heats the guard part 7 through the heat conduction part 8 by heat conduction. And the radiation which permeate
  • the guard part 7 receives a radiant heat from the PTC heater 5 and is somewhat warmed. For example, when the room temperature is low when the outside temperature is low and the room temperature is low, Since the temperature of the guard part 7 does not increase due to the influence, cold radiation is generated from the guard part 7, and the radiation temperature as the total of the present apparatus is lowered and the feeling of heating is insufficient. Further, when the occupant touches the guard portion 7 and tries to get warm, the guard portion 7 feels cold, which causes a situation where it becomes uncomfortable.
  • the heat conduction part 8 since there is the heat conduction part 8 in contact with the PTC heater 5, the heat generated by the PTC heater 5 is transmitted to the guard part 7 by heat conduction through the heat conduction part 8 and warms the guard part 7. And since the radiation which permeate
  • the guard portion 7 is warmed by the heat conducted through the heat conducting portion 8, so there is no discomfort. Further, it is possible to warm the radiant heat transmitted from the opening 6 and the heat conducted through the heat conducting portion 8.
  • the temperature of the heating element 5 can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be increased.
  • the passenger does not touch the heating element 5 directly, low-temperature burns can be prevented and the temperature of the heating element 5 can be set high, so that the radiation temperature can be increased and the heating effect can be enhanced.
  • the guard part 7 is also warmed by heat conduction, even if the room temperature is low, the occupant can touch the guard part 7 and directly warm it, so that the heating effect is further improved.
  • a planar PTC heater is used as the heating element 5. Due to the PTC characteristics of the heating element 5, the PTC heater 5 has a low temperature and a low resistance value at the start of heating. The temperature rises quickly and there is quick warming. Further, after the temperature rise, the resistance value of the PTC heater 5 is increased, so that the power consumption is reduced, and the temperature of the PTC heater 5 is stabilized where the heat generation of the PTC heater 5 and the heat dissipation to the surroundings are balanced, so-called self-temperature control. Therefore, reliability and safety as a heating element are improved.
  • the guard unit 7 is provided with a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the guard unit 7, and heat is generated so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or lower than a preset temperature. It is good also as a structure further provided with the control means which controls the heat_generation
  • a reference temperature for example, 42 ° C.
  • the temperature of the guard unit 7 is controlled to be equal to or lower than the set temperature. Will not cause.
  • the planar PTC heater 4 is used as the heating means, but other types of heating elements may be used as long as they are planar heating elements.
  • a heating element in which a linear electric heater wire is meandered on a nonwoven fabric sheet, laminated on both sides of the sheet with an aluminum vapor-deposited sheet, and a thermostat is provided on the heating element to control the temperature of the heating element. It is configured to perform on / off control.
  • the thermostat is set to an on temperature of 80 ° C. and an off temperature of 90 ° C. According to this configuration, since the heater wire is used, it can be used on a higher temperature side than the PTC heater, the radiation temperature can be increased, and the feeling of heating can be improved.
  • the radiant heating device is used to warm the passenger directly during heating in winter, so the heating load in the passenger compartment can be reduced, and the cruising distance Can be suppressed.
  • the power consumption of the PTC heater 5 is, for example, a heater with a foot area of about 450 cm 2 , which is a low power consumption of 20 to 30 W when it is stable. Compared with a capacity of several kW, significant energy-saving heating is possible, which can contribute to a decrease in cruising distance.
  • FIG. 3 is a front view (see (a)) of the radiant heating device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, a side view (see (b)) of the device, and a top view ((c)) of the device.
  • the radiant heating device is formed with a heating element 10 installed in a room in an electric propulsion vehicle, and an opening 11 that transmits radiation generated from the heating element 10, and one surface thereof is in contact with the heating element 10.
  • the guard portion 12 arranged in this manner, the heat conducting portion 13 that projects from the other surface opposite to the one surface of the guard portion 12 and conducts heat generated from the heating element 10, and the heat insulating material on the back surface side of the heating element 10 14.
  • the aperture ratio, the width of the opening 11 (the width of the heat conduction portion), and the length of the heat conduction portion in the depth direction are the same as those in the first embodiment.
  • the heating element 10 uses the same PTC heater as in the first embodiment.
  • the radiation generated by the heat generation of the heating element 10 passes through the opening 11 of the guard portion 12 and is irradiated to the occupant.
  • the heat generated from the heating element 10 is conducted to the heat conducting part 13 via the guard part 12, and as a result, the heat conducting part 13 is warmed. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is low, the occupant can directly warm the heat conduction portion 13 by radiant heat transmitted from the opening 11 and heat conducted through the heat conduction portion 13.
  • the temperature of the heating element 10 can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be increased. It is possible to take.
  • the openings 6 and 11 and the heat conducting portions 8 and 13 are vertically long. However, if the opening ratio is the same, the shapes of the openings 6 and 11 and the heat conducting portions 8 and 13 are the same. May have other shapes.
  • the openings 6 and 11 may be round holes having a diameter of 4 mm or less or honeycomb-shaped holes, and the heat conducting portions 8 and 13 may be cylindrical.
  • the radiant heating device can be heated by both radiant heat and conduction heat, and can be applied to energy-saving heating of low fuel consumption gasoline cars, hybrid cars, diesel cars, etc. in addition to indoor heating in electric propulsion vehicles. Is possible. Moreover, it is applicable also to uses, such as a personal heating apparatus in a home or an office.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air-Conditioning For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The disclosed radiation heating device is provided with a guard unit (7) which, positioned in front of the heating element (5), has openings (6) through which radiation emitted from the heating element (5) is transmitted, and thermal conductivity units (8) which protrude away from the surface of the guard unit (7) towards the heating element (5) and are in contact with said heating element (5). By means of the aforementioned configuration, there is no direct contact of passengers with the heating element (5), reducing low temperature burns, and because the temperature of the heating body (5) can be set high, the radiation temperature can be increased and the heating effect enhanced. Further, the guard unit (7) is also warmed by heat conduction, so even at a low room temperature, a passenger can warm him or herself by directly touching the guard unit (7), further enhancing the heating effect.

Description

輻射暖房装置Radiant heating system
　本発明は、輻射暖房装置に関し、特に、例えば低燃費車、ハイブリッド自動車または電気自動車のような電気推進車両向けの省エネ暖房が可能な輻射暖房装置に関する。 The present invention relates to a radiant heating device, and more particularly to a radiant heating device capable of energy-saving heating for an electric propulsion vehicle such as a fuel-efficient vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or an electric vehicle.
　上記のような電気推進車両では、冬季にカーエアコンを使用して対流式の暖房を行うと、数ｋＷの暖房負荷が必要となり、航続距離の低下が課題となっている。そのため、極力、対流式暖房の暖房負荷を軽減するために、シートヒータや輻射暖房装置等による人体への直接暖房方式が提案されている。 In the electric propulsion vehicle as described above, when convection heating is performed using a car air conditioner in winter, a heating load of several kW is required, and a reduction in cruising distance is a problem. Therefore, in order to reduce the heating load of convection heating as much as possible, a direct heating method for a human body using a seat heater, a radiant heating device or the like has been proposed.
　従来この種の輻射暖房装置は、内装部材の表面に面状の電気ヒータを配設して、前記電気ヒータの表面に高輻射率の熱放射部材を配設していた（例えば特許文献１参照）。 Conventionally, in this type of radiant heating device, a planar electric heater is disposed on the surface of the interior member, and a high radiation rate heat radiating member is disposed on the surface of the electric heater (see, for example, Patent Document 1). ).
特開２００５－２１２５５６号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2005-212556
　しかしながら、特許文献１の構成では、乗員が直接輻射面に触れて低温火傷を起こす可能性があるため、輻射面の温度を、低温火傷が始まるとされる基準温度（例えば４２℃）以下に抑える必要があり、高温の輻射ができない。そのため、外気温が低い場合は、輻射暖房装置を作動させても輻射温度が低温なので暖房感が得られないといった課題があった。 However, in the configuration of Patent Document 1, since there is a possibility that the occupant directly touches the radiation surface to cause a low temperature burn, the temperature of the radiation surface is suppressed to a reference temperature (for example, 42 ° C.) or less at which the low temperature burn is started. Necessary, high temperature radiation is not possible. Therefore, when the outside air temperature is low, there is a problem that a feeling of heating cannot be obtained because the radiation temperature is low even if the radiation heating device is operated.
　本発明は、前記従来の課題を解決するもので、低温火傷を防止しつつ暖房感を得ることが可能な輻射暖房装置を提供することを目的とする。 This invention solves the said conventional subject, and it aims at providing the radiation heating apparatus which can obtain a feeling of heating, preventing a low-temperature burn.
　前記従来の課題を解決するために、本発明は、電気推進車両の乗員向け輻射暖房装置であって、前記電気推進車両の室内に設置される発熱体と、前記発熱体から発生した輻射を透過する開口が形成され、前記発熱体の前方に配置されるガード部と、前記ガード部において前記発熱体との対向する面側から突出して前記発熱体と接触する熱伝導部とを備えている。 In order to solve the above-described conventional problems, the present invention provides a radiant heating device for an occupant of an electric propulsion vehicle, wherein the heating element is installed in a room of the electric propulsion vehicle, and radiation generated from the heating element is transmitted. And a guard part disposed in front of the heating element, and a heat conduction part that protrudes from the surface of the guard part facing the heating element and contacts the heating element.
　上記構成により、発熱体の発熱により発生した輻射がガード部の開口を透過して乗員に照射される。それとともに、発熱体からの発熱が熱伝導部を介してガード部に伝導され、その結果、ガード部が暖められる。したがって、室温が低くても、乗員は、ガード部に直接触れることで、開口から透過する輻射熱と、熱伝導部を伝導してきた熱とにより暖をとることが可能となる。 With the above configuration, the radiation generated by the heat generated by the heating element passes through the opening of the guard part and is irradiated to the occupant. At the same time, the heat generated from the heating element is conducted to the guard part through the heat conducting part, and as a result, the guard part is warmed. Therefore, even if the room temperature is low, the occupant can get warm by the radiant heat transmitted from the opening and the heat conducted through the heat conducting part by directly touching the guard part.
　また、ガード部により乗員が発熱体を直接触れることはないので、発熱体の温度を高く設定でき、輻射温度を高めることができるため、さらに良好に暖をとることが可能となる。 Also, since the occupant does not touch the heating element directly by the guard portion, the temperature of the heating element can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be increased, so that it is possible to further improve the warming.
　このように、乗員が発熱体を直接触れることはないので、低温火傷が防止できるとともに、発熱体の温度を高く設定できるので、輻射温度を高めて暖房効果を高めることができる。さらに、熱伝導によりガード部も暖められるので、室温が低くても、乗員がガード部に触れて直接、暖をとることができるので、暖房効果がさらに向上する。 Thus, since the passenger does not directly touch the heating element, low-temperature burns can be prevented and the temperature of the heating element can be set high, so that the radiation temperature can be increased and the heating effect can be enhanced. Furthermore, since the guard part is also warmed by heat conduction, even if the room temperature is low, the occupant can touch the guard part and directly warm it, so that the heating effect is further improved.
　本発明のこれらの態様と特徴は、添付された図面についての好ましい実施形態に関連した次の記述から明らかになる。
本発明の実施の形態１における輻射暖房座装置を配設した電気推進車両の室内断面図 本発明の実施の形態１における輻射暖房装置の正面視（（ａ）を参照）と、同装置の側面視（（ｂ）を参照）と、同装置の上面視（（ｃ）を参照）とを示す図 本発明の実施の形態２における輻射暖房装置の正面視（（ａ）を参照）と、同装置の側面視（（ｂ）を参照）と、同装置の上面視（（ｃ）を参照）とを示す図 These aspects and features of the invention will become apparent from the following description, taken in conjunction with the preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Room sectional drawing of the electric propulsion vehicle which arranged the radiation heating seat device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention. A front view (see (a)) of the radiant heating device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a side view (see (b)) of the device, and a top view (see (c)) of the device Figure showing A front view (see (a)) of the radiant heating device in Embodiment 2 of the present invention, a side view (see (b)) of the device, and a top view (see (c)) of the device Figure showing
　第１の発明は、電気推進車両の乗員向け輻射暖房装置であって、前記電気推進車両の室内に設置される発熱体と、前記発熱体から発生した輻射を透過する開口が形成され、前記発熱体の前方に配置されるガード部と、前記ガード部において前記発熱体と対向する面側から突出して前記発熱体と接触する熱伝導部とを備えたもので、発熱体の発熱により発生した輻射がガード部の開口を透過して乗員に照射される。同時に、発熱体からの発熱が熱伝導部を介してガード部に伝導され、その結果、ガード部が暖められる。したがって、外気温が低くても、乗員は、ガード部に直接触れることで、開口から透過する輻射熱と、熱伝導部を伝導してきた熱とにより暖をとることが可能となる。 A first aspect of the present invention is a radiant heating device for an occupant of an electric propulsion vehicle, wherein a heating element installed in a room of the electric propulsion vehicle and an opening that transmits radiation generated from the heating element are formed, and the heat generation A guard portion disposed in front of the body, and a heat conduction portion that protrudes from the surface of the guard portion facing the heating element and contacts the heating element, and generates radiation generated by heat generation of the heating element. Is transmitted to the passenger through the opening of the guard. At the same time, heat generated from the heating element is conducted to the guard part via the heat conducting part, and as a result, the guard part is warmed. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is low, the occupant can get warm by the radiant heat transmitted through the opening and the heat conducted through the heat conducting portion by directly touching the guard portion.
　また、ガード部により乗員が発熱体を直接触れることはないので、発熱体の温度を高く設定でき、輻射温度を高めることができるため、さらに良好に暖をとることが可能となる。 Also, since the occupant does not touch the heating element directly by the guard portion, the temperature of the heating element can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be increased, so that it is possible to further improve the warming.
　第２の発明は、特に、第１の発明の発熱体が、面状のＰＴＣ（Ｐｏｓｉｔｉｖｅ　Ｔｅｍｐｅｒａｔｕｒｅ　Ｃｏｅｆｆｉｃｉｅｎｔ）ヒータであるもので、発熱体が有するＰＴＣ特性により、暖房開始時はＰＴＣヒータが低温で抵抗値が小さいため発熱量が大きくなり、ＰＴＣヒータが早く昇温し、速暖性がある。また、昇温後はＰＴＣヒータの抵抗値が高くなるので消費電力が小さくなり、ＰＴＣヒータの温度はＰＴＣヒータの発熱と周囲への放熱がバランスするところで安定し、所謂、自己温度制御が行われるので、発熱体としての信頼性、安全性が向上する。 In the second invention, in particular, the heating element of the first invention is a planar PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) heater. Due to the PTC characteristic of the heating element, the PTC heater has a low resistance at the start of heating. Since the value is small, the calorific value becomes large, the PTC heater rises quickly, and there is a quick warming property. In addition, after the temperature rise, the resistance value of the PTC heater is increased, so that the power consumption is reduced, and the temperature of the PTC heater is stable where the heat generation of the PTC heater and the heat dissipation to the surroundings are balanced, so-called self-temperature control is performed. Therefore, the reliability and safety as a heating element are improved.
　第３の発明は、特に、第１の発明に関し、ガード部の温度を検出する温度センサと、前記温度センサで検出した温度が予め設定された設定温度以下となるよう、前記発熱体の発熱を制御する制御手段とをさらに備えたもので、例えば、前記設定温度を低温火傷が始まる基準温度（例えば４２℃）とすることにより、ガード部の温度が前記設定温度以下に制御されるので、乗員が前記ガード部に触れても低温火傷を起こすことがない。 The third invention particularly relates to the first invention, and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the guard portion, and the heat generation of the heating element so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or lower than a preset temperature. Control means for controlling, for example, by setting the set temperature as a reference temperature (for example, 42 ° C.) at which a low temperature burn starts, the temperature of the guard portion is controlled to be equal to or lower than the set temperature. Does not cause low-temperature burns even if it touches the guard.
　第４の発明は、特に、第３の発明の制御手段が、６０℃～９０℃の範囲になるよう前記発熱体の発熱温度を制御し、前記ガード部の投影面積に対し、前記開口の投影面積が占める割合は６０％以上であり、前記熱伝導部の長さは１０ｍｍ以下であることを特徴する。 In the fourth aspect of the invention, in particular, the control means of the third aspect of the invention controls the heating temperature of the heating element so as to be in the range of 60 ° C. to 90 ° C., and projects the opening with respect to the projected area of the guard portion. The proportion of the area is 60% or more, and the length of the heat conduction part is 10 mm or less.
　第５の発明は、特に、第１の発明に記載の輻射暖房装置を備えた電気推進車両であり、冬季の暖房の際に前記輻射暖房装置を使用して直接乗員を暖めることにより、車室内の暖房負荷を軽減でき、航続距離の低下を抑制できる。 In particular, the fifth aspect of the invention is an electric propulsion vehicle including the radiant heating device according to the first aspect of the invention, wherein the passenger compartment is warmed directly by using the radiant heating device during heating in winter. The heating load can be reduced, and the decrease in cruising range can be suppressed.
　第６の発明は、電気推進車両の乗員向け輻射暖房装置であって、前記電気推進車両内の室内に設置される発熱体と、前記発熱体から発生した輻射を透過する開口が形成され、その一方面が前記発熱体と接触するように配置されるガード部と、前記ガード部の前記一方面と反対側の他方面から突出し、前記発熱体からの発熱を伝導する熱伝導部とを備えたもので、発熱体の発熱により発生した輻射がガード部の開口を透過して乗員に照射される。それとともに、発熱体からの発熱がガード部を介して熱伝導部に伝導され、その結果、熱伝導部が暖められる。したがって、外気温が低くても、乗員は、熱伝導部に直接触れることにより、開口から透過する輻射熱と、熱伝導部を伝導してきた熱とにより暖をとることが可能となる。また、突出した熱伝導部とガード部により乗員が発熱体を直接触れることはないので、発熱体の温度を高く設定でき、輻射温度を高めることができるため、さらに良好に暖をとることが可能となる。 A sixth aspect of the present invention is a radiant heating device for an occupant of an electric propulsion vehicle, wherein a heating element installed in a room in the electric propulsion vehicle and an opening that transmits radiation generated from the heating element are formed. A guard portion disposed so that one surface is in contact with the heating element, and a heat conduction portion that protrudes from the other surface opposite to the one surface of the guard portion and conducts heat generated from the heating element. Therefore, the radiation generated by the heat generated by the heating element passes through the opening of the guard portion and is irradiated to the occupant. At the same time, the heat generated from the heating element is conducted to the heat conducting part via the guard part, and as a result, the heat conducting part is warmed. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is low, the occupant can directly warm the radiant heat transmitted from the opening and the heat conducted through the heat conduction part by directly touching the heat conduction part. In addition, since the occupant does not touch the heating element directly due to the protruding heat conduction part and guard part, the temperature of the heating element can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be raised, so it is possible to warm up better. It becomes.
　以下、本発明の実施の形態について、図面を参照しながら説明する。尚、この実施の形態によって本発明が限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. The present invention is not limited to the embodiment.
　（実施の形態１）
　図１は、本発明の実施の形態１における輻射暖房座装置を配設した電気推進車両の室内断面図を示すものである。図１に示すように、輻射暖房座装置は、例えば、インストルメントパネル下部１、ドアトリム２、天井３、前席背面４などの少なくとも１箇所に配設される。配設された輻射暖房座装置は、それぞれ、インストルメントパネル下部１は前席乗員の足元、ドアトリム２は前席及び後席乗員の体側部、天井３は乗員の頭部、前席背面４は後席乗員の足元に対し輻射暖房を行う。 (Embodiment 1)
FIG. 1 shows a cross-sectional view of an interior of an electric propulsion vehicle provided with a radiant heating seat device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the radiant heating seat device is disposed in at least one place such as an instrument panel lower portion 1, a door trim 2, a ceiling 3, and a front seat back surface 4. In the installed radiant heating seat device, the lower part 1 of the instrument panel is the feet of the front seat occupant, the door trim 2 is the body side of the front seat and the rear seat occupant, the ceiling 3 is the head of the occupant, and the back surface 4 of the front seat is Radiant heating is applied to the feet of passengers in the rear seats.
　図２は、本発明の実施の形態１における輻射暖房装置の正面視（（ａ）を参照）と、同装置の側面視（（ｂ）を参照）と、同装置の上面視（（ｃ）を参照）とを示す図である。図２において、輻射暖房装置は、発熱体５と、発熱体５から発生した輻射を透過する縦長の開口６が形成され、発熱体５の前方（つまり、発熱体５を基準として乗員側）に配置されるガード部７と、ガード部７において発熱体５との対向する面から突出して発熱体５と接触する複数の熱伝導部８とを備えている。ガード部７及び熱伝導部８は樹脂で成型してあり、ガード部７と熱伝導部８とを一体で樹脂成型してもよい。樹脂材料としては、自動車の内装材でよく用いられるポリプロピレンを使用し、難燃剤を添加して難燃性を付加することが望ましい。 FIG. 2 is a front view (see (a)) of the radiant heating device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention, a side view (see (b)) of the device, and a top view ((c)) of the device. FIG. In FIG. 2, the radiant heating device is formed with a heating element 5 and a vertically long opening 6 that transmits radiation generated from the heating element 5, and in front of the heating element 5 (that is, on the passenger side with respect to the heating element 5). The guard part 7 is provided, and a plurality of heat conducting parts 8 projecting from the surface of the guard part 7 facing the heat generating element 5 and contacting the heat generating element 5 are provided. The guard part 7 and the heat conduction part 8 are molded with resin, and the guard part 7 and the heat conduction part 8 may be integrally molded with resin. As the resin material, it is desirable to use polypropylene often used in automobile interior materials and add flame retardant by adding a flame retardant.
　発熱体５の裏面には不要な方向への放熱を防止するため断熱材９を配設している。尚、発熱体５とガード部７との周縁部に生じる隙間部からの放熱を防ぐため、前記隙間部を覆うようにさらに断熱材９を配設してもよい。また、発熱体５のガード部側表面にアルミ板などの金属板を配設して発熱体５の均熱化と強度保持を行う構成にしてもよい。 A heat insulating material 9 is disposed on the back surface of the heating element 5 in order to prevent heat dissipation in unnecessary directions. In addition, in order to prevent heat radiation from the gap generated at the peripheral edge between the heating element 5 and the guard portion 7, a heat insulating material 9 may be further provided so as to cover the gap. Further, a metal plate such as an aluminum plate may be provided on the surface of the heating element 5 on the guard portion side so that the heating element 5 is heated and the strength is maintained.
　発熱体５としては面状のＰＴＣヒータを採用している。ＰＴＣヒータ５は、例えば、樹脂とカーボン粉末とを混練して抵抗体を作成し、ロール加工により抵抗体を基材と張り合わせた後、電極形成と保護フィルムによるラミネート加工を行って成型したものを用いる。なお、本実施の形態では、発熱体としてＰＴＣヒータを採用する場合を例として説明するが、発熱体としては、ＰＴＣヒータ以外のヒータを採用しても良い。 As the heating element 5, a planar PTC heater is used. The PTC heater 5 is formed, for example, by kneading a resin and carbon powder to create a resistor, and laminating the resistor with a base material by roll processing, then performing electrode forming and laminating with a protective film. Use. In the present embodiment, a case where a PTC heater is employed as the heating element will be described as an example, but a heater other than the PTC heater may be employed as the heating element.
　ここで、発熱体５の温度範囲としては、本実施の形態では、下限値の目安として６０℃、上限値の目安を９０℃としている。この理由として、実験的に常温で暖房感を得られる輻射温度としては少なくとも５０℃が必要であり、ガード部７の温度が４０℃位まで上昇することと、後述するガード部７の開口率との関係から、下限値の目安として６０℃を導出している。また、発熱体５を配設する車室内の内装部材はほとんどが樹脂材料を使用しており、樹脂の軟化点や信頼性を考慮して上限値の目安を９０℃としている。 Here, regarding the temperature range of the heating element 5, in this embodiment, the lower limit is 60 ° C. and the upper limit is 90 ° C. The reason for this is that at least 50 ° C. is necessary as a radiation temperature at which a feeling of heating can be experimentally obtained at room temperature, and that the temperature of the guard portion 7 rises to about 40 ° C. and the aperture ratio of the guard portion 7 described later. From this relationship, 60 ° C. is derived as a guideline for the lower limit value. Further, most of the interior members in the passenger compartment in which the heating element 5 is disposed use a resin material, and the upper limit is set to 90 ° C. in consideration of the softening point and reliability of the resin.
　ＰＴＣヒータ５の常温での飽和温度は、カーボン粉末等の材料組成を調節することにより任意に設定可能である。但し、輻射温度を高温にしようとするとカーボン粉末を多く配合する必要があるが、カーボン粉末が多いと加工性が悪くなるため、本実施の形態では、飽和温度を７０℃～８０℃の範囲内となるよう設定している。 The saturation temperature at normal temperature of the PTC heater 5 can be arbitrarily set by adjusting the material composition such as carbon powder. However, it is necessary to add a large amount of carbon powder to increase the radiation temperature. However, if the amount of carbon powder is large, the workability deteriorates. Therefore, in this embodiment, the saturation temperature is within the range of 70 ° C. to 80 ° C. Is set to be.
　尚、上記の輻射温度の定義に関して、本実施の形態では、本装置から所定の距離をおいて、本装置の輻射面（上記構成ではガード部７表面）に向けて輻射温度計で測定した測定値を輻射温度としている。この輻射温度は、ＰＴＣヒータ５の表面温度と後述する開口率とを掛けたものと、ガード部７の表面温度と後述する非開口率とを掛けたものとを加算して試算可能である。 Regarding the definition of the radiation temperature, in the present embodiment, the measurement is performed with a radiation thermometer at a predetermined distance from the apparatus toward the radiation surface of the apparatus (the surface of the guard portion 7 in the above configuration). The value is the radiation temperature. This radiation temperature can be estimated by adding the product of the surface temperature of the PTC heater 5 and the aperture ratio described later and the product of the surface temperature of the guard 7 and the non-aperture ratio described later.
　ガード部７と熱伝導部８は樹脂で一体成型している。ここで、開口６の幅は、開口６を通して乗員が直接発熱体５に触れ難くできるような幅に設定することが望ましく、本実施の形態では、例えば幼児の指先が差し込まれないよう４ｍｍ以下としている。 The guard part 7 and the heat conduction part 8 are integrally molded with resin. Here, the width of the opening 6 is preferably set to a width that makes it difficult for the occupant to directly touch the heating element 5 through the opening 6. In the present embodiment, for example, the width of the opening 6 is set to 4 mm or less so that the fingertip of the infant is not inserted. Yes.
　また、ガード部７の投影面積（発熱体５への投影面積）に対し、開口６の投影面積（発熱体５への投影面積）が占める割合（以下、開口率とする）は６０％以上となるよう、開口６と熱伝導部８の幅を設定している（尚、ガード部７の投影面積に対し、非開口部の投影面積が占める割合を非開口率とする。）。開口率を６０％以上とする理由は、開口率が６０％を下回ると上述した輻射温度が低くなり、乗員が暖房感を感じにくくなるためである。 In addition, the ratio of the projection area (projection area onto the heating element 5) of the opening 6 (hereinafter referred to as the aperture ratio) to the projection area (projection area onto the heating element 5) of the guard portion 7 is 60% or more. The width of the opening 6 and the heat conduction part 8 is set so that the ratio of the projected area of the non-opening part to the projected area of the guard part 7 is defined as the non-opening ratio. The reason why the aperture ratio is set to 60% or more is that when the aperture ratio is less than 60%, the above-described radiation temperature becomes low, and it becomes difficult for the passenger to feel a feeling of heating.
　また、熱伝導部８の奥行き方向の長さは４ｍｍ～１０ｍｍとしている。これは、熱伝導部８の長さが１０ｍｍを超えると、上述した輻射温度の目安である５０℃以上を確保することが困難になること、及び、熱伝導部８の長さが４ｍｍを下回ると、ＰＴＣヒータ５の発生熱が必要以上にガード部７に伝導してガード部７の表面温度が、低温火傷防止の上限温度である４２℃以上になることが実験的に判ったためである。 Also, the length of the heat conducting portion 8 in the depth direction is 4 mm to 10 mm. This is because when the length of the heat conducting part 8 exceeds 10 mm, it becomes difficult to ensure the above-mentioned radiation temperature of 50 ° C. or more, and the length of the heat conducting part 8 is less than 4 mm. This is because it has been experimentally found that the heat generated by the PTC heater 5 is conducted to the guard portion 7 more than necessary, and the surface temperature of the guard portion 7 becomes 42 ° C. or more, which is the upper limit temperature for preventing low-temperature burns.
　上記構成による作用を以下に説明する。 The operation of the above configuration will be described below.
　ＰＴＣヒータ５に通電を開始すると、ＰＴＣヒータ５が発熱を始め、ＰＴＣヒータ５の温度が上昇し、輻射熱が発生する。また、ＰＴＣヒータ５の発生熱は熱伝導により熱伝導部８を介してガード部７を暖める。そして、ＰＴＣヒータ５からガード部７の開口６を透過してくる輻射と、ガード部７自体の温度により発生する輻射とが合わさって乗員に対して照射される。 When energization of the PTC heater 5 is started, the PTC heater 5 starts to generate heat, the temperature of the PTC heater 5 rises, and radiant heat is generated. Further, the heat generated by the PTC heater 5 heats the guard part 7 through the heat conduction part 8 by heat conduction. And the radiation which permeate | transmits the opening 6 of the guard part 7 from the PTC heater 5 and the radiation which generate | occur | produces with the temperature of the guard part 7 itself are united, and are irradiated with respect to a passenger | crew.
　ここで、仮に熱伝導部８がない場合、ガード部７はＰＴＣヒータ５からの輻射熱を受けて多少は暖められるが、例えば、外気温が低い時に暖房を開始して室温も低い場合、室温の影響を受けてガード部７の温度が上昇しないため、ガード部７からは冷輻射が発生する状況となり、本装置トータルとしての輻射温度が低下し、暖房感が不足する。また、乗員がガード部７に手を触れて暖をとろうとすると、ガード部７が冷たく感じるので、不快になるといった状況が発生する。 Here, if there is no heat conduction part 8, the guard part 7 receives a radiant heat from the PTC heater 5 and is somewhat warmed. For example, when the room temperature is low when the outside temperature is low and the room temperature is low, Since the temperature of the guard part 7 does not increase due to the influence, cold radiation is generated from the guard part 7, and the radiation temperature as the total of the present apparatus is lowered and the feeling of heating is insufficient. Further, when the occupant touches the guard portion 7 and tries to get warm, the guard portion 7 feels cold, which causes a situation where it becomes uncomfortable.
　一方、本実施の形態では、ＰＴＣヒータ５と接して熱伝導部８があるのでＰＴＣヒータ５の発生熱が熱伝導部８を介して熱伝導によりガード部７に伝わってガード部７を暖める。そして、ＰＴＣヒータ５からガード部７の開口６を透過してくる輻射と、ガード部７から発生する輻射とが合わさって乗員に対して照射されるので、室温が低くても十分な暖房感が得られる。 On the other hand, in the present embodiment, since there is the heat conduction part 8 in contact with the PTC heater 5, the heat generated by the PTC heater 5 is transmitted to the guard part 7 by heat conduction through the heat conduction part 8 and warms the guard part 7. And since the radiation which permeate | transmits the opening 6 of the guard part 7 from the PTC heater 5 and the radiation which generate | occur | produces from the guard part 7 are combined, and it irradiates with respect to a passenger | crew, even if room temperature is low, sufficient heating feeling is provided. can get.
　また、室温が低い時に乗員がガード部７に直接触れても、熱伝導部８を伝導してきた熱でガード部７が暖かくなっているので、不快感がない。また、開口６から透過する輻射熱と、熱伝導部８を伝導してきた熱とにより暖をとることが可能となる。 In addition, even when the occupant directly touches the guard portion 7 when the room temperature is low, the guard portion 7 is warmed by the heat conducted through the heat conducting portion 8, so there is no discomfort. Further, it is possible to warm the radiant heat transmitted from the opening 6 and the heat conducted through the heat conducting portion 8.
　また、ガード部７により乗員が発熱体５を直接触れることはないので、発熱体５の温度を高く設定でき、輻射温度を高めることができるため、さらに良好に暖をとることが可能となる。 Further, since the occupant does not directly touch the heating element 5 by the guard portion 7, the temperature of the heating element 5 can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be increased.
　このように、乗員が発熱体５を直接触れることはないので、低温火傷が防止できるとともに、発熱体５の温度を高く設定できるので、輻射温度を高めて暖房効果を高めることができる。さらに、熱伝導によりガード部７も暖められるので、室温が低くても、乗員がガード部７に触れて直接、暖をとることができるので、暖房効果がさらに向上する。 Thus, since the passenger does not touch the heating element 5 directly, low-temperature burns can be prevented and the temperature of the heating element 5 can be set high, so that the radiation temperature can be increased and the heating effect can be enhanced. Furthermore, since the guard part 7 is also warmed by heat conduction, even if the room temperature is low, the occupant can touch the guard part 7 and directly warm it, so that the heating effect is further improved.
　また、発熱体５として面状のＰＴＣヒータを用いており、発熱体５が有するＰＴＣ特性により、暖房開始時はＰＴＣヒータ５が低温で抵抗値が小さいため発熱量が大きくなり、ＰＴＣヒータ５が早く昇温し、速暖性がある。また、昇温後はＰＴＣヒータ５の抵抗値が高くなるので消費電力が小さくなり、ＰＴＣヒータ５の温度はＰＴＣヒータ５の発熱と周囲への放熱がバランスするところで安定し、所謂、自己温度制御が行われるので、発熱体としての信頼性、安全性が向上する。 In addition, a planar PTC heater is used as the heating element 5. Due to the PTC characteristics of the heating element 5, the PTC heater 5 has a low temperature and a low resistance value at the start of heating. The temperature rises quickly and there is quick warming. Further, after the temperature rise, the resistance value of the PTC heater 5 is increased, so that the power consumption is reduced, and the temperature of the PTC heater 5 is stabilized where the heat generation of the PTC heater 5 and the heat dissipation to the surroundings are balanced, so-called self-temperature control. Therefore, reliability and safety as a heating element are improved.
　尚、本実施の形態の構成において、ガード部７に、ガード部７の温度を検出する温度センサを配設して、温度センサで検出した温度が予め設定された設定温度以下となるよう、発熱体５の発熱を制御する制御手段をさらに備えた構成としてもよい。例えば、前記設定温度を低温火傷が始まる基準温度（例えば４２℃）とすることにより、ガード部７の温度が前記設定温度以下に制御されるので、乗員が前記ガード部７に触れても低温火傷を起こすことがない。 In the configuration of the present embodiment, the guard unit 7 is provided with a temperature sensor that detects the temperature of the guard unit 7, and heat is generated so that the temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or lower than a preset temperature. It is good also as a structure further provided with the control means which controls the heat_generation | fever of the body 5. FIG. For example, by setting the set temperature to a reference temperature (for example, 42 ° C.) at which a low temperature burn starts, the temperature of the guard unit 7 is controlled to be equal to or lower than the set temperature. Will not cause.
　また、本実施の形態では、発熱手段として面状のＰＴＣヒータ４を使用したが、面状の発熱体であれば、他の方式の発熱体を用いてもよい。例えば、不織布シートに線状の電気ヒータ線を蛇行配設して、シートの両面をアルミ蒸着シートでラミネートして成型した発熱体を用い、サーモスタットを発熱体に配設して発熱体の温度をオン・オフ制御する構成とする。サーモスタットはオン温度を８０℃、オフ温度を９０℃に設定する。この構成によれば、ヒータ線を用いているので、ＰＴＣヒータよりもさらに高温側で使用でき、輻射温度を高くすることが可能で、暖房感を向上することができる。 Further, in the present embodiment, the planar PTC heater 4 is used as the heating means, but other types of heating elements may be used as long as they are planar heating elements. For example, a heating element in which a linear electric heater wire is meandered on a nonwoven fabric sheet, laminated on both sides of the sheet with an aluminum vapor-deposited sheet, and a thermostat is provided on the heating element to control the temperature of the heating element. It is configured to perform on / off control. The thermostat is set to an on temperature of 80 ° C. and an off temperature of 90 ° C. According to this configuration, since the heater wire is used, it can be used on a higher temperature side than the PTC heater, the radiation temperature can be increased, and the feeling of heating can be improved.
　また、本実施の形態の輻射暖房装置を電気推進車両に備えることにより、冬季の暖房の際に前記輻射暖房装置を使用して直接乗員を暖めるので、車室内の暖房負荷を軽減でき、航続距離の低下を抑制できる。具体的には、ＰＴＣヒータ５の消費電力は、例えば、足元用の面積が約４５０ｃｍ２程度のヒータだと、安定時は２０～３０Ｗと低消費電力であり、カーエアコンの対流式暖房の暖房能力が数ｋＷであることと比較すると、大幅な省エネ暖房が可能となり、航続距離の低下に寄与できる。 In addition, by providing the electric propulsion vehicle with the radiant heating device of the present embodiment, the radiant heating device is used to warm the passenger directly during heating in winter, so the heating load in the passenger compartment can be reduced, and the cruising distance Can be suppressed. Specifically, the power consumption of the PTC heater 5 is, for example, a heater with a foot area of about 450 cm 2 , which is a low power consumption of 20 to 30 W when it is stable. Compared with a capacity of several kW, significant energy-saving heating is possible, which can contribute to a decrease in cruising distance.
　（実施の形態２）
　図３は、本発明の実施の形態２における輻射暖房装置の正面視（（ａ）を参照）と、同装置の側面視（（ｂ）を参照）と、同装置の上面視（（ｃ）を参照）とを示す図である。図３において、輻射暖房装置は、電気推進車両内の室内に設置される発熱体１０と、発熱体１０から発生した輻射を透過する開口１１が形成され、その一方面が発熱体１０と接触するように配置されるガード部１２と、ガード部１２の前記一方面と反対側の他方面から突出し、発熱体１０からの発熱を伝導する熱伝導部１３と、発熱体１０の裏面側に断熱材１４を備えたものである。尚、開口率や開口１１の幅（熱伝導部の幅）、熱伝導部の奥行き方向の長さは、実施の形態１と同様である。また、発熱体１０は実施の形態１と同様のＰＴＣヒータを用いている。 (Embodiment 2)
FIG. 3 is a front view (see (a)) of the radiant heating device according to the second embodiment of the present invention, a side view (see (b)) of the device, and a top view ((c)) of the device. FIG. In FIG. 3, the radiant heating device is formed with a heating element 10 installed in a room in an electric propulsion vehicle, and an opening 11 that transmits radiation generated from the heating element 10, and one surface thereof is in contact with the heating element 10. The guard portion 12 arranged in this manner, the heat conducting portion 13 that projects from the other surface opposite to the one surface of the guard portion 12 and conducts heat generated from the heating element 10, and the heat insulating material on the back surface side of the heating element 10 14. The aperture ratio, the width of the opening 11 (the width of the heat conduction portion), and the length of the heat conduction portion in the depth direction are the same as those in the first embodiment. The heating element 10 uses the same PTC heater as in the first embodiment.
　上記構成により、発熱体１０の発熱により発生した輻射がガード部１２の開口１１を透過して乗員に照射される。それとともに、発熱体１０からの発熱がガード部１２を介して熱伝導部１３に伝導され、その結果、熱伝導部１３が暖められる。したがって、外気温が低くても、乗員は、熱伝導部１３に直接触れることにより、開口１１から透過する輻射熱と、熱伝導部１３を伝導してきた熱とにより暖をとることが可能となる。 With the above configuration, the radiation generated by the heat generation of the heating element 10 passes through the opening 11 of the guard portion 12 and is irradiated to the occupant. At the same time, the heat generated from the heating element 10 is conducted to the heat conducting part 13 via the guard part 12, and as a result, the heat conducting part 13 is warmed. Therefore, even when the outside air temperature is low, the occupant can directly warm the heat conduction portion 13 by radiant heat transmitted from the opening 11 and heat conducted through the heat conduction portion 13.
　また、突出した熱伝導部１３とガード部１２により乗員が発熱体１０を直接触れることはないので、発熱体１０の温度を高く設定でき、輻射温度を高めることができるため、さらに良好に暖をとることが可能となる。 In addition, since the occupant does not directly touch the heating element 10 by the protruding heat conduction part 13 and the guard part 12, the temperature of the heating element 10 can be set high, and the radiation temperature can be increased. It is possible to take.
　尚、上記実施の形態１、２では、開口６、１１と熱伝導部８、１３を縦長形状としたが、開口率が同じであれば、開口６、１１と熱伝導部８、１３の形状は他の形状でもよい。たとえば、開口６、１１を直径４ｍｍ以下の丸穴や蜂の巣状の穴にしてもよいし、熱伝導部８、１３を円柱形状にしてもよい。 In the first and second embodiments, the openings 6 and 11 and the heat conducting portions 8 and 13 are vertically long. However, if the opening ratio is the same, the shapes of the openings 6 and 11 and the heat conducting portions 8 and 13 are the same. May have other shapes. For example, the openings 6 and 11 may be round holes having a diameter of 4 mm or less or honeycomb-shaped holes, and the heat conducting portions 8 and 13 may be cylindrical.
　なお、上記様々な実施形態のうちの任意の実施形態を適宜組み合わせることにより、それぞれの有する効果を奏するようにすることができる。 It should be noted that, by appropriately combining arbitrary embodiments of the above-described various embodiments, the effects possessed by them can be produced.
　本発明は、添付図面を参照しながら好ましい実施の形態に関連して充分に記載されているが、この技術の熟練した人々にとっては種々の変形や修正は明白である。そのような変形や修正は、添付した請求の範囲による本発明の範囲から外れない限りにおいて、その中に含まれると理解されるべきである。 Although the present invention has been fully described in connection with preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, various changes and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. Such changes and modifications are to be understood as being included therein, so long as they do not depart from the scope of the present invention according to the appended claims.
　２０１０年７月５日に出願された日本国特許出願Ｎｏ．２０１０－１５２６３１号の明細書、図面、及び特許請求の範囲の開示内容は、全体として参照されて本明細書の中に取り入れられるものである。 Japanese patent application No. filed on July 5, 2010. The disclosures of the specification, drawings, and claims of 2010-152631 are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.
　本発明にかかる輻射暖房装置は、輻射熱と伝導熱による双方の暖房が可能であり、電気推進車両内の室内暖房の他に、低燃費ガソリン車やハイブリッド車、ディーゼル車などの省エネ暖房にも適用可能である。また、家庭内やオフィスでのパーソナル暖房装置等の用途にも適用できる。 The radiant heating device according to the present invention can be heated by both radiant heat and conduction heat, and can be applied to energy-saving heating of low fuel consumption gasoline cars, hybrid cars, diesel cars, etc. in addition to indoor heating in electric propulsion vehicles. Is possible. Moreover, it is applicable also to uses, such as a personal heating apparatus in a home or an office.

Claims (6)

  1. 　電気推進車両の乗員向け輻射暖房装置であって、
    　前記電気推進車両の室内に設置される発熱体と、
    　前記発熱体から発生した輻射を透過する開口が形成され、前記発熱体の前方に配置されるガード部と、
    　前記ガード部において前記発熱体と対向する面側から突出して前記発熱体と接触する熱伝導部とを備えた、輻射暖房装置。     A radiant heating device for passengers of electric propulsion vehicles,
    A heating element installed in a room of the electric propulsion vehicle;
    An opening that transmits radiation generated from the heating element is formed, and a guard portion disposed in front of the heating element;
    A radiant heating device comprising: a heat conduction portion that protrudes from a surface of the guard portion facing the heating element and contacts the heating element.
  2. 　前記発熱体は、面状のＰＴＣヒータである、請求項１に記載の輻射暖房装置。 The radiant heating device according to claim 1, wherein the heating element is a planar PTC heater.
  3. 　前記ガード部の温度を検出する温度センサと、
    　前記温度センサで検出した温度が予め設定された設定温度以下となるよう、前記発熱体の発熱を制御する制御手段とをさらに備えた、請求項１に記載の輻射暖房装置。     A temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of the guard part;
    The radiant heating device according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit that controls heat generation of the heating element so that a temperature detected by the temperature sensor is equal to or lower than a preset temperature.
  4. 　前記制御手段は、６０℃～９０℃の範囲になるよう前記発熱体の発熱温度を制御し、前記ガード部の投影面積に対し、前記開口の投影面積が占める割合は６０％以上であり、前記熱伝導部の長さは１０ｍｍ以下である、請求項３に記載の輻射暖房装置。 The control means controls the heating temperature of the heating element to be in the range of 60 ° C. to 90 ° C., and the ratio of the projected area of the opening to the projected area of the guard portion is 60% or more, The radiant heating device according to claim 3, wherein the length of the heat conducting portion is 10 mm or less.
  5. 　請求項１に記載の輻射暖房装置を備えた電気推進車両。 An electric propulsion vehicle comprising the radiant heating device according to claim 1.
  6. 　電気推進車両の乗員向け輻射暖房装置であって、
    　前記電気推進車両内の室内に設置される発熱体と、
    　前記発熱体から発生した輻射を透過する開口が形成され、その一方面が前記発熱体と接触するように配置されるガード部と、
    　前記ガード部の前記一方面と反対側の他方面から突出し、前記発熱体からの発熱を伝導する熱伝導部とを備えた、輻射暖房装置。     A radiant heating device for passengers of electric propulsion vehicles,
    A heating element installed in a room in the electric propulsion vehicle;
    An opening that transmits radiation generated from the heating element is formed, and a guard portion that is disposed so that one surface thereof is in contact with the heating element;
    A radiant heating device, comprising: a heat conduction portion that projects from the other surface opposite to the one surface of the guard portion and conducts heat generated from the heating element.
PCT/JP2011/003805 2010-07-05 2011-07-04 Radiation heating device WO2012004971A1 (en)

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JP2015083441A (en) * 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Vehicular heating apparatus and program for driving the same
EP2908060A1 (en) * 2014-02-18 2015-08-19 Sunflow Limited A low surface temperature (LST) heating apparatus
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JP2019156162A (en) * 2018-03-13 2019-09-19 株式会社デンソー Heater device
US10563870B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2020-02-18 Denso Corporation Radiation heating device
EP3681248A1 (en) * 2019-01-10 2020-07-15 Physiotherm Holding GmbH Flat designed infrared heater
US10752090B2 (en) 2017-08-10 2020-08-25 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Operator configurable radiant heating system and related method
WO2021050665A1 (en) * 2019-09-13 2021-03-18 Gentherm Incorporated Infrared radiative heater using low effusively cover materials
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JP2015083441A (en) * 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Vehicular heating apparatus and program for driving the same
EP2908060A1 (en) * 2014-02-18 2015-08-19 Sunflow Limited A low surface temperature (LST) heating apparatus
US10563870B2 (en) 2014-07-25 2020-02-18 Denso Corporation Radiation heating device
WO2016017067A1 (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-02-04 株式会社デンソー Radiant heater device
JP2016031195A (en) * 2014-07-29 2016-03-07 株式会社デンソー Radiation heater device
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EP3681248A1 (en) * 2019-01-10 2020-07-15 Physiotherm Holding GmbH Flat designed infrared heater
WO2021050665A1 (en) * 2019-09-13 2021-03-18 Gentherm Incorporated Infrared radiative heater using low effusively cover materials

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