WO2012004427A1 - Freestanding permanent formwork - Google Patents

Freestanding permanent formwork Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012004427A1
WO2012004427A1 PCT/ES2010/070814 ES2010070814W WO2012004427A1 WO 2012004427 A1 WO2012004427 A1 WO 2012004427A1 ES 2010070814 W ES2010070814 W ES 2010070814W WO 2012004427 A1 WO2012004427 A1 WO 2012004427A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
formwork
self
mesh
panels
placement
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2010/070814
Other languages
Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Angel Fernandez Fernandez
Original Assignee
Angel Fernandez Fernandez
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Angel Fernandez Fernandez filed Critical Angel Fernandez Fernandez
Publication of WO2012004427A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012004427A1/en

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
    • E04B2/845—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf the form leaf comprising a wire netting, lattice or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/84—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ
    • E04B2/842—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf
    • E04B2/847—Walls made by casting, pouring, or tamping in situ by projecting or otherwise applying hardenable masses to the exterior of a form leaf the form leaf comprising an insulating foam panel

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to a self-supporting lost formwork, for basement walls, enclosure walls, load-bearing walls, foundation dwarfs, shoes of any type and running trenches, which serves as a response to a series of problems that had arisen in the construction sector, contributing to this a mode of industrialization that will facilitate the assembly and execution of building works being a versatile system that can be adapted to any type of work, thus solving in a way simple, efficient and global both the foundations of the buildings and the basement walls, enclosure or load walls, partitioning walls, etc .; resulting in the execution of the work with prefabricated pieces of lost formwork which incorporates the insulation continuously, both inside and outside.
  • the self-supporting lost formwork has a maximum manual manageability and the different thicknesses of the formwork system together with its minimum weight constitute one of its main advantages. By itself the system is suitable for any area and is especially suitable for those with high seismicity.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) excessive deformation during concreting due to the low rigidity of the mesh and being the square of the walls and the foundation of that hollow system, this allows the entry of water into the interior causing the consequent humidity in addition to the hollow square not It gives sufficient rigidity to the edges of the panel.
  • the self-supporting lost formwork has been devised, object of the present invention which is characterized in that it substantially improves those already known, so that the frame of the panel being solid prevents water from flowing inwards and has also been reduced the measures of said mesh making it more dense, so that when pouring and vibrating the concrete inside the formwork, having more rigidity it no longer deforms. It also has special pieces that are not of iron and others of this finer material, strap type, that lighten the weight of the formwork.
  • This self-supporting unit meets the technical construction requirements, mechanical capabilities, thermal and acoustic resistance of any project with the highest demands of habitability, comfort and safety.
  • the self-supporting lost formwork of the present invention meets the constructive, technical, mechanical and resistance capacities and the thermal and acoustic requirements of any project, with the maximum guarantees as well as the requirements of habitability, comfort, safety and durability.
  • the formwork is manufactured in the workshop and assembled and assembled on site based on the requirements and guidelines of both the project and the designer.
  • the walls, footings and ditches formwork with this system will be filled with concrete of any type and dosage, according to the requirements of each project, en masse or reinforced also according to the specifications of the relevant document for the specific work unit. It is important to mention that the self-supporting lost formwork is transported and placed inside the work by manual means, not needing auxiliary means that could deform or damage the self-supporting unit.
  • the self-supporting lost formwork for both walls and footings consists of two symmetrical panels and each panel consists of a series of pieces that will be represented in the drawings and described below:
  • Sewing plate (2) Used to join two pieces of lost formwork longitudinally. The system can dispense with this part by replacing it on site with a welding point between the two frames of
  • Clamping plate (3) and (4) It is a flat metal plate with a hole. They are used to place the horizontal resistant armor (horizontal plate) and the vertical resistant armor (vertical plate).
  • the half plate or "shoe plate” is used for the placement of the reinforcement in the foundation shoes (14).
  • the outer perimeter frame is formed on both sides of the lost formwork, which gives it the self-supporting character and the necessary stiffness. It is made up of solid metal squares, the frames of each face being joined by the spacers. It serves as a frame of the steel mesh and to receive the sheets of expanded polystyrene insulation being all braced by the separators and other connecting elements that stiffen the assembly, thus preventing its deformation during the concrete pouring process and vibrating it .
  • Threaded steel rods (6) Call studs in which the connecting plates of the different panels are placed by nuts. When they are welded to the frame, they separate the two panels that form the lost formwork.
  • Nut (7) It serves to secure the sewing plate or the closing plate to the threaded rods.
  • Closing plate (8) Serve together with the threaded rod and nuts to provisionally attach a wooden plank to the lost formwork to make the closure at the ends of the formwork.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Steel tip (9): Serves to secure the bracing axis to the lost formwork mesh.
  • Separator (10) It is made of plastic material and serves to secure the insulating plate against the mesh through the interior of the formwork by introducing said separator into two holes made in the bracing axis for this purpose.
  • Bracing shaft (11) It is a metallic strip that crosses the polystyrene core and is held in the meshes of both opposite faces of the lost formwork; It has the mission of fixing both panels of the lost formwork preventing them from deforming during the pouring and vibrating of the fresh concrete. In the case of the walls, it serves as a base to weld the vertical and horizontal plates that will make separators of the reinforcements.
  • Sheet of insulating material (12) The side closure of the lost formwork is made by expanded polystyrene sheets, which is supported by the frame and the mesh. These plates have a tongue and groove so that they fit perfectly and thus avoid fluid losses in the concreting process. They give the formwork lost the tightness necessary to receive the fresh concrete during its pouring.
  • Steel mesh (13) Supported by the frame or frame of steel squares. It is made by grid of electro-welded steel mesh that gives greater rigidity to the product, and is the base of grip of the finishing materials of the walls, both interior and exterior. The dimensions chosen in the mesh rectangle, avoid bulging and deformation of the whole.
  • Shoe plate (14) Serves as a base for the support of the longitudinal longitudinal reinforcement in the foundation elements.
  • Figure 1. It is a front view of the self-supporting lost formwork object of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a vertical view of the self-supporting lost formwork corresponding to section B-B of figure 1.
  • Figure 3. Shows a horizontal sectional view of the self-supporting lost formwork according to the C-C cutting line of Figure 1.
  • Figure 4. Corresponds to a section of the self-supporting lost formwork inside.
  • Figure 5. Shows an enlargement of the detail DI of figure 1.
  • Figure 6. Shows an enlargement of detail D2 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 7 shows an enlargement of detail D3 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 8 shows an enlargement of detail D4 of Figure 1.
  • Figure 10. It is a front view of the foundation panel.
  • Figure 11. It is a sectional view along the line A-A of Figure 10.
  • Figure 12. It is a sectional view along the line B-B of Figure 10.
  • Figure 14.- Shows an enlargement of detail D7 of Figure 12.
  • Figure 15.- Shows an enlargement of detail D8 of Figure 11.
  • Figure 16. It is a representation of a piece of plastic called prisoner (1).
  • Figure 17.- It is a representation of a piece called sewing plate (2).
  • Figure 18. It is a representation of a piece called horizontal clamping plate (3)
  • Figure 19.- It is a representation of a piece called vertical clamping plate (4).
  • Figure 21. It is a representation of the threaded rod (6).
  • Figure 22. It is a representation of the nut that fits the threaded rod or stud (7)
  • Figure 24.- It is a representation of a conventional steel tip (9).
  • Figure 26 It is a representation of the bracing shaft piece (1 1).
  • Figure 27 It is a representation of a corner of the insulation plate with its setback to adjust in the frame made with the square piece (12).
  • Figure 28.- It is a representation of a piece of mesh or steel mesh (13).
  • Figure 29. It is a representation of a piece of plate used in the shoes for fastening the resistant reinforcement (14).
  • the self-supporting lost formwork is composed of two panels (15 ') and (15 ") (see figure 1), and each panel is composed of a metal outer frame (16) that serves as the basis for the placement of a steel mesh (13) and which is made by means of grid of electrowelded steel to give greater rigidity to the product and to base the finishing materials; an insulating plate (12) based on expanded polystyrene.
  • the formwork side closure is made by means of these plates of insulation (12) and these are supported by the metal outer frame (16) and the steel mesh (13).
  • the insulating plates have a tongue and groove at their ends to fit perfectly with the frame.
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) horizontal (3).
  • the prisoner (1) secures the insulating material to the panel and prevents the operator from making cuts in handling.
  • the pieces of plates are of a thin metallic tape and cross the polystyrene core and its mission is to separate and support the armor of the shoe or the wall without resorting to the union by means of wires or the like. Every certain number of grids are modulated.
  • the self-supporting lost formwork is composed of two panels ( ⁇ ) and (1 ") (see figure 1), and each panel is composed of a metal outer frame (2) that serves as the basis for the placement of a steel mesh ( P13) and which is made by means of grid of electrowelded steel to give greater rigidity to the product and to base the finishing materials; an insulating plate (P12) based on expanded polystyrene.
  • the side closure of the formwork is made by these plates of insulation (P12) and these are supported by the metal outer frame (2) and the steel mesh (P13)
  • the insulating plates have a tongue and groove at their ends to fit perfectly with the frame.
  • This entire previous set is braced by spacers or metal assembling parts such as threaded steel rods or studs (P6), horizontal clamping plates (P3) and P4 vertical clamping plates that support the ferrule and prevent deformation of the panels
  • the vertical clamping plates (P4) and the horizontal clamping plates (P3) are welded to the bracing axis (Pl 1).
  • the prisoner (Pl) secures the insulating material to the panel and prevents the operator from making cuts in handling.
  • the bracing shaft (Pl 1) prevents it from
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) deform the panel when pouring fresh concrete.
  • the pieces of plates are of a thin metallic tape and cross the polystyrene core and its mission is to separate and support the armor of the shoe or the wall without resorting to the union by means of wires or the like. Every certain number of grids are modulated.
  • the start-up after the excavation and cleaning of the land to be built has been carried out, begins with the placement of the lost formwork of the shoe and its assembly and the placement of the basement wall panels or the plant closure with the corresponding assembly .
  • the fresh concrete is poured "in situ" into it, by means of any type of pouring by means of tonings along the lost formwork.
  • the system allows concreting at the same time of the footing and the wall and also of the slab first being all made a block without concrete joints.
  • the characteristic strength of the concrete and the section of the resistant ferralla of the structural element will depend on the specifications of the project, being able to be the walls and foundations of reinforced or mass concrete. It also contemplates the possibility of including in the enclosure wall and together with the insulating element, different sound-absorbing or fire-resistant materials that would protect even more from outside noise and make the possibility of a fire more difficult, although the mass of the wall itself reinforced concrete is sufficient to obtain the fire requirements and the relevant acoustic requirements.
  • a cement mortar plastering is applied on both sides of the wall and is finished with a conventional plaster type coating
  • REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) plastered, tiled, clamped, lined with stone, etc.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Forms Removed On Construction Sites Or Auxiliary Members Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to formwork consisting of two panels (15',15") having an outer metal frame (16), a base for placement of an electro-welded steel grid mesh (13) that stiffens the product, and an isolation plate made of expanded polystyrene(12). The side closure consists of plates (12) supported by the outer frame (16) and the steel mesh (13). Said assembly is reinforced by inserts that support the rebar and prevent deformation of the panels. Struts separate and support the framework. Installation begins with the placement of the footing formwork and the reinforcement thereof, and placement of the panels for the base wall or closure wall with the corresponding reinforcement. Then, fresh concrete is poured into same in situ, resulting in a block unit. Finally, a layer of mortar is applied and the wall is given a conventional coating.

Description

ENCOFRADO PERDIDO AUTOPORTANTE  FORMWORK LOST AUTOPORTANTE
D E S C R I P C I O N D E S C R I P C I O N
OBJETO DE LA INVENCION OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La presente invención, tal y como su título indica, se refiere a un encofrado perdido autoportante, para muros de sótano, muros de cerramiento, muros de carga, enanos de cimentación, zapatas de cualquier tipo y zanjas corridas, que sirve como respuesta a una serie de problemas que se habían planteado en el sector de la construcción, aportando a éste un modo de industrialización que facilitará el montaje y ejecución de las obras de edificación siendo un sistema versátil que se puede adaptar a cualquier tipo de obra, resolviendo así de forma sencilla, eficaz y global tanto la cimentación de los edificios como los muros de sótano, muros de cerramiento o carga, muros de compartimentación, etc.; dando como resultado la ejecución de la obra con piezas prefabricadas de encofrado perdido el cual incorpora el aislamiento de forma continua, tanto en el interior como en el exterior. El encofrado perdido autoportante tiene una manejabilidad manual máxima y los diferentes espesores del sistema de encofrado junto con su mínimo peso constituyen unas de sus principales ventajas. Por si mismo el sistema sirve para cualquier zona y en especial es idóneo en aquellas de alta sismicidad. The present invention, as its title indicates, refers to a self-supporting lost formwork, for basement walls, enclosure walls, load-bearing walls, foundation dwarfs, shoes of any type and running trenches, which serves as a response to a series of problems that had arisen in the construction sector, contributing to this a mode of industrialization that will facilitate the assembly and execution of building works being a versatile system that can be adapted to any type of work, thus solving in a way simple, efficient and global both the foundations of the buildings and the basement walls, enclosure or load walls, partitioning walls, etc .; resulting in the execution of the work with prefabricated pieces of lost formwork which incorporates the insulation continuously, both inside and outside. The self-supporting lost formwork has a maximum manual manageability and the different thicknesses of the formwork system together with its minimum weight constitute one of its main advantages. By itself the system is suitable for any area and is especially suitable for those with high seismicity.
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Actualmente, aunque se conocen otros tipos de paneles encofrado perdido autoportantes, estos son más pesados y presentan Currently, although other types of self-supporting lost formwork panels are known, these are heavier and have
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) deformación excesiva durante su hormigonado debido a la poca rigidez de la malla y al ser el cuadradillo de los muros y de la cimentación de ese sistema hueco, este permite la entrada de agua hacia el interior provocando la consiguiente humedad además de que el cuadradillo hueco no da la suficiente rigidez a los bordes del panel. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) excessive deformation during concreting due to the low rigidity of the mesh and being the square of the walls and the foundation of that hollow system, this allows the entry of water into the interior causing the consequent humidity in addition to the hollow square not It gives sufficient rigidity to the edges of the panel.
Para subsanar estos problemas se ha ideado el encofrado perdido autoportante, objeto de la presente invención que se caracteriza porque mejora sustancialmente los ya conocidos, de tal modo que el bastidor del panel al ser macizo evita que el agua fluya hacia el interior y también se han reducido las medidas de dicho mallazo haciéndolo más tupido, de tal modo que a la hora de verter y vibrar el hormigón dentro del encofrado, al tener más rigidez este ya no se deforma. Asimismo posee piezas especiales que no son de hierro y otras de este material más finas, tipo fleje, que aligeran el peso del encofrado. Esta unidad autoportante resuelve las exigencias constructivas técnicas, las capacidades mecánicas, resistencias térmicas y acústicas de cualquier proyecto con las máximas exigencias de habitabilidad, confort y seguridad. También y aparte de la reducción de los medios auxiliares para la construcción, se reducen los tiempos de ejecución de la obra de forma importante con el consiguiente ahorro económico. La rapidez de ejecución de este sistema no es igualada por ninguna técnica constructiva tradicional. Estas y otras características que detallaremos a continuación hacen que este modelo sea una novedad con respecto a los existentes las cuales describiremos seguidamente. To overcome these problems, the self-supporting lost formwork has been devised, object of the present invention which is characterized in that it substantially improves those already known, so that the frame of the panel being solid prevents water from flowing inwards and has also been reduced the measures of said mesh making it more dense, so that when pouring and vibrating the concrete inside the formwork, having more rigidity it no longer deforms. It also has special pieces that are not of iron and others of this finer material, strap type, that lighten the weight of the formwork. This self-supporting unit meets the technical construction requirements, mechanical capabilities, thermal and acoustic resistance of any project with the highest demands of habitability, comfort and safety. Also and apart from the reduction of auxiliary means for construction, the execution times of the work are reduced significantly with the consequent economic savings. The speed of execution of this system is not matched by any traditional construction technique. These and other features that we will detail below make this model a novelty with respect to the existing ones which we will describe below.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) DESCRIPCIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
El encofrado perdido autoportante de la presente invención resuelve las exigencias constructivas, técnicas, capacidades mecánicas y resistencias y las exigencias térmicas y acústicas de cualquier proyecto, con las máximas garantías así como las exigencias de habitabilidad, confort, seguridad y durabilidad. En función de las características mecánicas y constructivas exigidas en cada obra, el encofrado se fabrica en taller y se monta y arma in situ en base a las exigencias y directrices tanto del proyecto como del proyectista. The self-supporting lost formwork of the present invention meets the constructive, technical, mechanical and resistance capacities and the thermal and acoustic requirements of any project, with the maximum guarantees as well as the requirements of habitability, comfort, safety and durability. Depending on the mechanical and construction characteristics required in each work, the formwork is manufactured in the workshop and assembled and assembled on site based on the requirements and guidelines of both the project and the designer.
Los muros, zapatas y zanjas encofrados con este sistema se rellenarán de hormigón de cualquier tipo y dosificación, según las exigencias de cada proyecto, en masa o armado también según las especificaciones del documento pertinente para la concreta unidad de obra. Es importante mencionar que el encofrado perdido autoportante se transporta y coloca dentro de la obra por medios manuales, no necesitando de medios auxiliares que podrían deformar o dañar la unidad autoportante. El encofrado perdido autoportante tanto para muros como para zapatas consta de dos paneles simétricos y cada panel consta de una serie de piezas que se verán representadas en los planos y que se describen a continuación: The walls, footings and ditches formwork with this system will be filled with concrete of any type and dosage, according to the requirements of each project, en masse or reinforced also according to the specifications of the relevant document for the specific work unit. It is important to mention that the self-supporting lost formwork is transported and placed inside the work by manual means, not needing auxiliary means that could deform or damage the self-supporting unit. The self-supporting lost formwork for both walls and footings consists of two symmetrical panels and each panel consists of a series of pieces that will be represented in the drawings and described below:
Prisionero (de plástico) (1): sujeta el material aislante al panel. El ser de plástico, evita que el operario se haga cortes durante su manipulación.  Prisoner (plastic) (1): Attach the insulating material to the panel. Being plastic, prevents the operator from making cuts during handling.
Chapa de cosido (2): Sirve para unir longitudinalmente dos piezas de encofrado perdido. El sistema puede prescindir de esta pieza sustituyéndola en obra por un punto de soldadura entre los dos marcos de Sewing plate (2): Used to join two pieces of lost formwork longitudinally. The system can dispense with this part by replacing it on site with a welding point between the two frames of
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) dos piezas de encofrado perdido contiguas. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) two pieces of formwork lost adjoining.
Pletina de sujeción (3) y (4): Es una placa de metal plana con un agujero. Se utilizan para colocar la armadura resistente horizontal (pletina horizontal) y la armadura resistente vertical (pletina vertical). Clamping plate (3) and (4): It is a flat metal plate with a hole. They are used to place the horizontal resistant armor (horizontal plate) and the vertical resistant armor (vertical plate).
La media pletina o "pletina de zapatas" se utiliza para la colocación de la armadura en las zapatas de cimentación (14 ).  The half plate or "shoe plate" is used for the placement of the reinforcement in the foundation shoes (14).
Cuadradillo (5): Con él se forma el marco exterior perimetral en ambas caras del encofrado perdido, que le proporciona el carácter autoportante y la rigidez necesaria. Está conformado por cuadradillos macizos metálicos quedando unidos los marcos de cada cara por los separadores. Sirve de bastidor de la malla de acero y para recibir las planchas del aislamiento de poliestireno expandido estando todo ello arriostrado por los separadores y demás elementos de conexión que rigidizan el conjunto, evitando así su deformación durante el proceso de vertido del hormigón y vibrado del mismo. Square (5): With it the outer perimeter frame is formed on both sides of the lost formwork, which gives it the self-supporting character and the necessary stiffness. It is made up of solid metal squares, the frames of each face being joined by the spacers. It serves as a frame of the steel mesh and to receive the sheets of expanded polystyrene insulation being all braced by the separators and other connecting elements that stiffen the assembly, thus preventing its deformation during the concrete pouring process and vibrating it .
Varillas de acero roscadas (6): Llamadas espárragos en las que se colocan mediante tuercas las pletinas de unión de los diferentes paneles. Al ir soldadas al bastidor, hacen de separador de ambos paneles que forman el encofrado perdido. Threaded steel rods (6): Call studs in which the connecting plates of the different panels are placed by nuts. When they are welded to the frame, they separate the two panels that form the lost formwork.
Tuerca (7): Sirve para asegurar la chapa de cosido o la chapa de cierres a las varillas roscadas. Nut (7): It serves to secure the sewing plate or the closing plate to the threaded rods.
Chapa de cierres (8): Sirve junto con la varilla roscada y las tuercas para sujetar provisionalmente un tablón de madera al encofrado perdido para realizar el cierre en los extremos del encofrado. Closing plate (8): Serve together with the threaded rod and nuts to provisionally attach a wooden plank to the lost formwork to make the closure at the ends of the formwork.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) Punta de acero (9): Sirve para asegurar el eje de arriostramiento al mallazo del encofrado perdido. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Steel tip (9): Serves to secure the bracing axis to the lost formwork mesh.
Separador (10): Es de material plástico y sirve para asegurar por el interior del encofrado perdido la plancha de asilamiento contra el mallazo introduciendo dicho separador en dos orificios practicados en el eje de arriostramiento para este fin. Separator (10): It is made of plastic material and serves to secure the insulating plate against the mesh through the interior of the formwork by introducing said separator into two holes made in the bracing axis for this purpose.
Eje de arriostramiento (11): Es un fleje metálico que atraviesa el núcleo de poliestireno y se sujeta en los mallazos de ambas caras opuestas del encofrado perdido; tiene la misión de atirantar ambos paneles del encofrado perdido evitando que se deformen durante el vertido y vibrado del hormigón fresco. En el caso de los muros, sirve de base para soldar las pletinas verticales y horizontales que van a hacer de separadores de las armaduras. Bracing shaft (11): It is a metallic strip that crosses the polystyrene core and is held in the meshes of both opposite faces of the lost formwork; It has the mission of fixing both panels of the lost formwork preventing them from deforming during the pouring and vibrating of the fresh concrete. In the case of the walls, it serves as a base to weld the vertical and horizontal plates that will make separators of the reinforcements.
Plancha de material aislante (12): El cierre lateral del encofrado perdido se realiza mediante planchas de poliestireno expandido, el cual está sustentado por el marco y el mallazo. Estas planchas poseen un machihembrado para que encajen perfectamente y así evitar pérdidas de fluido en el proceso de hormigonado. Otorgan al encofrado perdido la estanqueidad necesaria para recibir el hormigón fresco durante su vertido. Malla de acero (13): Sustentada por el marco o bastidor de cuadradillos de acero. Está realizada mediante cuadrícula de malla de acero electrosoldado que da mayor rigidez al producto, y es la base de agarre de los materiales de acabado de los paramentos, tanto interiores como exteriores. Las dimensiones elegidas en el rectángulo del mallazo, evitan el abombamiento y la deformación del conjunto. Sheet of insulating material (12): The side closure of the lost formwork is made by expanded polystyrene sheets, which is supported by the frame and the mesh. These plates have a tongue and groove so that they fit perfectly and thus avoid fluid losses in the concreting process. They give the formwork lost the tightness necessary to receive the fresh concrete during its pouring. Steel mesh (13): Supported by the frame or frame of steel squares. It is made by grid of electro-welded steel mesh that gives greater rigidity to the product, and is the base of grip of the finishing materials of the walls, both interior and exterior. The dimensions chosen in the mesh rectangle, avoid bulging and deformation of the whole.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) Pletina de zapatas (14): Sirve de base de sustentación de la armadura longitudinal resistente en los elementos de cimentación. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Shoe plate (14): Serves as a base for the support of the longitudinal longitudinal reinforcement in the foundation elements.
DIBUJOS DE LA INVENCION DRAWINGS OF THE INVENTION
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de las características del invento, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva como parte integrante de la misma, de un juego de dibujos de todas las piezas que componen el sistema, en donde con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo se ha representado lo siguiente: To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings of all the parts that make up the system , where the following has been represented by way of illustration and not limitation:
La figura 1.- Es una vista frontal del encofrado perdido autoportante objeto de la invención. Figure 1.- It is a front view of the self-supporting lost formwork object of the invention.
La figura 2.- La figura 2 es una vista vertical del encofrado perdido autoportante correspondiente a la sección B-B de la figura 1.  Figure 2.- Figure 2 is a vertical view of the self-supporting lost formwork corresponding to section B-B of figure 1.
La figura 3.- Muestra una vista en sección horizontal del encofrado perdido autoportante de acuerdo con la línea de corte C-C de la figura 1.  Figure 3.- Shows a horizontal sectional view of the self-supporting lost formwork according to the C-C cutting line of Figure 1.
La figura 4.- Se corresponde a una sección del encofrado perdido autoportante por su interior.  Figure 4.- Corresponds to a section of the self-supporting lost formwork inside.
La figura 5.- Muestra una ampliación del detalle DI de la figura 1.  Figure 5.- Shows an enlargement of the detail DI of figure 1.
La figura 6.- Muestra una ampliación del detalle D2 de la figura 1.  Figure 6.- Shows an enlargement of detail D2 of Figure 1.
La figura 7.- Muestra una ampliación del detalle D3 de la figura 1.  Figure 7 shows an enlargement of detail D3 of Figure 1.
La figura 8.- Muestra una ampliación del detalle D4 de la figura 1.  Figure 8 shows an enlargement of detail D4 of Figure 1.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) La figura 9.- Muestra una ampliación del detalle D5 de la figura 1. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Figure 9 shows an enlargement of detail D5 of Figure 1.
La figura 10.- Es una vista frontal del panel de cimentación. La figura 11.- Es una vista en sección según la línea de corte A- A de la figura 10.  Figure 10.- It is a front view of the foundation panel. Figure 11.- It is a sectional view along the line A-A of Figure 10.
La figura 12.- Es una vista en sección según la línea de corte B-B de la figura 10.  Figure 12.- It is a sectional view along the line B-B of Figure 10.
La figura 13.- Muestra una ampliación del detalle D6 de la figura 11.  Figure 13.- Shows an enlargement of detail D6 of Figure 11.
La figura 14.- Muestra una ampliación del detalle D7 de la figura 12.  Figure 14.- Shows an enlargement of detail D7 of Figure 12.
La figura 15.- Muestra una ampliación del detalle D8 de la figura 11.  Figure 15.- Shows an enlargement of detail D8 of Figure 11.
La figura 16.- Es una representación de una pieza de plástico denominada prisionero ( 1 ) .  Figure 16.- It is a representation of a piece of plastic called prisoner (1).
La figura 17.- Es una representación de una pieza denominada chapa de cosido (2).  Figure 17.- It is a representation of a piece called sewing plate (2).
La figura 18.- Es una representación de una pieza denominada pletina de sujeción horizontal (3)  Figure 18.- It is a representation of a piece called horizontal clamping plate (3)
La figura 19.- Es una representación de una pieza denominada pletina de sujeción vertical (4).  Figure 19.- It is a representation of a piece called vertical clamping plate (4).
La figura 20.- Es una representación de un trozo de pieza del cuadradillo macizo (5).  Figure 20.- It is a representation of a piece of solid square piece (5).
La figura 21.- Es una representación de la varilla roscada (6). La figura 22.- Es una representación de la tuerca que se ajusta a la varilla roscada o espárrago (7)  Figure 21.- It is a representation of the threaded rod (6). Figure 22.- It is a representation of the nut that fits the threaded rod or stud (7)
La figura 23.- Es una representación de la pieza de chapa de los cierres laterales (8)  Figure 23.- It is a representation of the sheet metal part of the side closures (8)
La figura 24.- Es una representación de una punta de acero convencional (9).  Figure 24.- It is a representation of a conventional steel tip (9).
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) La figura 25.- Es una representación de la pieza de plástico de separador (10) REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) Figure 25.- It is a representation of the separator plastic part (10)
La figura 26.- Es una representación de la pieza de eje de arriostramiento (1 1).  Figure 26.- It is a representation of the bracing shaft piece (1 1).
La figura 27.- Es una representación de una esquina de la placa de aislamiento con su retranqueo para ajustar en el bastidor realizado con la pieza de cuadradillo (12).  Figure 27.- It is a representation of a corner of the insulation plate with its setback to adjust in the frame made with the square piece (12).
La figura 28.- Es una representacón de un trozo de mallazo o malla de acero (13).  Figure 28.- It is a representation of a piece of mesh or steel mesh (13).
La figura 29.- Es una representación de un trozo de pletina utilizada en las zapatas para sujeción de la armadura resistente (14).  Figure 29.- It is a representation of a piece of plate used in the shoes for fastening the resistant reinforcement (14).
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
El encofrado perdido autoportante, está compuesto de dos paneles (15') y (15") (ver figura 1), y cada panel está compuesto de un marco exterior metálico (16) que sirve de base para la colocación de una malla de acero (13) y que está realizada mediante cuadrícula de acero electrosoldada para dar mayor rigidez al producto y dar base a los materiales de acabado; una placa de aislamiento (12) a base de poliestireno expandido. El cierre lateral del encofrado se realiza mediante estas placas de aislamiento (12) y estas están sustentadas por el marco exterior metálico (16) y la malla de acero (13). Las planchas aislantes poseen un machihembrado en sus extremos para que encajen perfectamente con el bastidor. Todo este conjunto anterior está arriostrado por separadores o piezas de armado metálicas tales como las varillas de acero roscadas o espárragos (6), pletinas (3) de sujeción horizontal y pletinas (4) de sujeción vertical que soportan la ferralla y evitan la deformación de los paneles. Al eje de arriostramiento (1 1) se sueldan las pletinas de sujeción vertical (4) y las pletinas de sujeción The self-supporting lost formwork is composed of two panels (15 ') and (15 ") (see figure 1), and each panel is composed of a metal outer frame (16) that serves as the basis for the placement of a steel mesh (13) and which is made by means of grid of electrowelded steel to give greater rigidity to the product and to base the finishing materials; an insulating plate (12) based on expanded polystyrene. The formwork side closure is made by means of these plates of insulation (12) and these are supported by the metal outer frame (16) and the steel mesh (13). The insulating plates have a tongue and groove at their ends to fit perfectly with the frame. All this previous set is braced by separators or metal assemblies such as threaded steel rods or studs (6), horizontal clamping plates (3) and vertical clamping plates (4) that support the rail and prevent deformation of the s panels The vertical clamping plates (4) and the clamping plates are welded to the bracing axis (1 1).
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) horizontal (3). El prisionero (1) sujeta el material aislante al panel y evita que el operario se haga cortes en la manipulación. El eje de arristramiento (1 1) evita que se deforme el panel al verter el hormigón fresco. Las piezas de pletinas son de una cinta metálica fina y atraviesan el núcleo de poliestireno y su misión es la de separar y sustentar al armadura de la zapata o del muro sin necesidad de recurrir a la unión mediante alambres o similares. Se colocan moduladas cada cierto número de cuadrículas. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) horizontal (3). The prisoner (1) secures the insulating material to the panel and prevents the operator from making cuts in handling. The landing shaft (1 1) prevents the panel from deforming when pouring fresh concrete. The pieces of plates are of a thin metallic tape and cross the polystyrene core and its mission is to separate and support the armor of the shoe or the wall without resorting to the union by means of wires or the like. Every certain number of grids are modulated.
REALIZACIÓN PREFERENTE DE LA INVENCIÓN PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION
El encofrado perdido autoportante, está compuesto de dos paneles (Γ) y (1 ") (ver figura 1), y cada panel está compuesto de un marco exterior metálico (2) que sirve de base para la colocación de una malla de acero (P13) y que está realizada mediante cuadrícula de acero electrosoldada para dar mayor rigidez al producto y dar base a los materiales de acabado; una placa de aislamiento (P12) a base de poliestireno expandido. El cierre lateral del encofrado se realiza mediante estas placas de aislamiento (P12) y estas están sustentadas por el marco exterior metálico (2) y la malla de acero (P13). Las planchas aislantes poseen un machihembrado en sus extremos para que encajen perfectamente con el bastidor. Todo este conjunto anterior está arriostrado por separadores o piezas de armado metálicas tales como las varillas de acero roscadas o espárragos (P6), pletinas (P3) de sujeción horizontal y pletinas P4 de sujeción vertical que soportan la ferralla y evitan la deformación de los paneles. Al eje de arriostramiento (Pl 1) se sueldan las pletinas de sujeción vertical (P4) y las pletinas de sujeción horizontal (P3). El prisionero (Pl) sujeta el material aislante al panel y evita que el operario se haga cortes en la manipulación. El eje de arriostramiento (Pl 1) evita que se The self-supporting lost formwork is composed of two panels (Γ) and (1 ") (see figure 1), and each panel is composed of a metal outer frame (2) that serves as the basis for the placement of a steel mesh ( P13) and which is made by means of grid of electrowelded steel to give greater rigidity to the product and to base the finishing materials; an insulating plate (P12) based on expanded polystyrene. The side closure of the formwork is made by these plates of insulation (P12) and these are supported by the metal outer frame (2) and the steel mesh (P13) The insulating plates have a tongue and groove at their ends to fit perfectly with the frame.This entire previous set is braced by spacers or metal assembling parts such as threaded steel rods or studs (P6), horizontal clamping plates (P3) and P4 vertical clamping plates that support the ferrule and prevent deformation of the panels The vertical clamping plates (P4) and the horizontal clamping plates (P3) are welded to the bracing axis (Pl 1). The prisoner (Pl) secures the insulating material to the panel and prevents the operator from making cuts in handling. The bracing shaft (Pl 1) prevents it from
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) deforme el panel al verter el hormigón fresco. Las piezas de pletinas son de una cinta metálica fina y atraviesan el núcleo de poliestireno y su misión es la de separar y sustentar al armadura de la zapata o del muro sin necesidad de recurrir a la unión mediante alambres o similares. Se colocan moduladas cada cierto número de cuadrículas. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) deform the panel when pouring fresh concrete. The pieces of plates are of a thin metallic tape and cross the polystyrene core and its mission is to separate and support the armor of the shoe or the wall without resorting to the union by means of wires or the like. Every certain number of grids are modulated.
La puesta en obra después de haberse realizado la excavación y limpieza del terreno a construir, se inicia con la colocación del encofrado perdido de la zapata y su armado y la colocación de los paneles de muro de sótano o de cierre de planta con el correspondiente armado. The start-up after the excavation and cleaning of the land to be built has been carried out, begins with the placement of the lost formwork of the shoe and its assembly and the placement of the basement wall panels or the plant closure with the corresponding assembly .
Realizadas estas operaciones el hormigón fresco se vierte "in situ" dentro del mismo, mediante cualquier tipo de vertido haciéndolo por tongadas a lo largo de los encofrados perdidos. El sistema permite el hormigonado a la vez de la zapata y del muro y también del forjado primero quedando todo ello hecho un bloque sin juntas de hormigonado. Once these operations have been carried out, the fresh concrete is poured "in situ" into it, by means of any type of pouring by means of tonings along the lost formwork. The system allows concreting at the same time of the footing and the wall and also of the slab first being all made a block without concrete joints.
La resistencia característica del hormigón y la sección de la ferralla resistente del elemento estructural, dependerá de las especificaciones del proyecto, pudiendo ser los muros y cimientos de hormigón armado o en masa. Asimismo se contempla la posibilidad de incluir en el muro de cerramiento y junto con el elemento aislante, distintos materiales fonoabsorbentes o resistentes al fuego que protegerían aún más del ruido exterior y harían más dificultosa la posibilidad de un incendio, aunque la propia masa del muro de hormigón armado es suficiente para obtener las exigencias al fuego y las exigencias acústicas pertinentes. The characteristic strength of the concrete and the section of the resistant ferralla of the structural element, will depend on the specifications of the project, being able to be the walls and foundations of reinforced or mass concrete. It also contemplates the possibility of including in the enclosure wall and together with the insulating element, different sound-absorbing or fire-resistant materials that would protect even more from outside noise and make the possibility of a fire more difficult, although the mass of the wall itself reinforced concrete is sufficient to obtain the fire requirements and the relevant acoustic requirements.
Como terminación de los paramentos tanto interior como exterior se aplica un enfoscado de mortero de cemento sobre ambas caras del muro y se procede a finalizarlo con un revestimiento convencional tipo yeso, As termination of the interior and exterior walls, a cement mortar plastering is applied on both sides of the wall and is finished with a conventional plaster type coating,
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) estucado, alicatado, aplacado, forrado de piedra, etc. REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26) plastered, tiled, clamped, lined with stone, etc.
No se considera necesario hacer más extensa esta descripción para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda el alcance de la invención y las ventajas que de la misma se derivan. Los términos en que se ha redactado esta memoria deberán ser tomados siempre en sentido amplio y no limitativo. It is not considered necessary to make this description more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands the scope of the invention and the advantages derived therefrom. The terms in which this report has been written must always be taken in a broad and non-limiting sense.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26)

Claims

R E I V I N D I C A C I O N E S
1. - Encofrado perdido autoportante, del tipo de los utilizados tradicionalmente en la construcción, caracterizado porque está conformado por un doble panel que consta de dos paneles idénticos formados por un marco exterior metálico en ambas caras, que está conformado por cuadradillos macizos metálicos, un mallazo y una plancha aislante a base de poliestireno expandido, quedando unidos los marcos laterales por separadores . Todo este conjunto anterior se ve arriostrado por separadores o piezas de armado metálicas tales como las varillas de acero roscadas o espárragos, prisioneros, chapas de cosido, pletina de sujeción, chapa de cierres y pletina de zapatas. 1. - Self-supporting lost formwork, of the type traditionally used in construction, characterized in that it is made up of a double panel consisting of two identical panels formed by an exterior metal frame on both sides, which is formed by solid metal squares, a mesh and an insulating plate based on expanded polystyrene, the side frames being joined by spacers. All this previous set is braced by spacers or metal assemblies such as threaded steel rods or studs, prisoners, sewing plates, clamping plate, closing plate and shoe plate.
2. - Encofrado perdido autoportante, según la primera reivindicación, caracterizado porque el marco exterior metálico sirve de base para la colocación de una malla de acero que está realizada mediante cuadrícula de acero electrosoldada que da rigidez al producto, y es la base de sujeción de los materiales de acabado o de terminación del paramento. 2. - Self-supporting lost formwork, according to the first claim, characterized in that the metal outer frame serves as the basis for the placement of a steel mesh that is made by means of an electro-welded steel grid that gives rigidity to the product, and is the support base of the finishing or finishing materials of the wall.
3.- Encofrado perdido autoportante, según la primera reivindicación, caracterizado porque el encofrado lateral se realiza mediante planchas de material aislante y está sustentado por un marco exterior metálico y una malla de acero, y que poseen un machihembrado en sus extremos para que encajen perfectamente dando la estanqueidad al encofrado y el aislamiento térmico del producto terminado. 3.- Self-supporting lost formwork, according to the first claim, characterized in that the side formwork is made by plates of insulating material and is supported by an outer metal frame and a steel mesh, and which have a tongue and groove at their ends to fit perfectly giving the formwork tightness and thermal insulation of the finished product.
HOJA DE REEMPLAZO (Regla 26) REPLACEMENT SHEET (Rule 26)
PCT/ES2010/070814 2010-07-09 2010-12-09 Freestanding permanent formwork WO2012004427A1 (en)

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WO2013079731A1 (en) * 2011-12-02 2013-06-06 Sanfer Global System, S.L. Lightweight permanent formwork including an external mesh
WO2015067826A1 (en) * 2013-11-06 2015-05-14 Clever Inversiones Urbanisticas, S.L. Method of producing building shuttering with concrete structure in situ

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EP1146179A2 (en) * 2000-04-10 2001-10-17 Angelo Candiracci Pre-armed formwork building panel
FR2880370A1 (en) * 2005-01-04 2006-07-07 Michel Lesage Antiseismic, anticyclonic and heat insulating wall mounting method for building, involves placing trellis, channel bar and lattice stanchion in space between two rows of panels and filling concrete in space until to height of rows

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US3638382A (en) * 1969-12-22 1972-02-01 Ronald E Merrill Form for a concrete wall structure
US4967528A (en) * 1987-03-02 1990-11-06 Doran William E Construction block
ES1026405U (en) * 1993-11-26 1994-04-16 Vidal Patus Self-supporting panel.
ES2127059A1 (en) * 1995-06-09 1999-04-01 Redondo Pablo Pascual Constructional system for load-bearing walls
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US20010002528A1 (en) * 1999-03-25 2001-06-07 William L. Brooks Reinforced concrete walls having exposed attachment studs
EP1146179A2 (en) * 2000-04-10 2001-10-17 Angelo Candiracci Pre-armed formwork building panel
FR2880370A1 (en) * 2005-01-04 2006-07-07 Michel Lesage Antiseismic, anticyclonic and heat insulating wall mounting method for building, involves placing trellis, channel bar and lattice stanchion in space between two rows of panels and filling concrete in space until to height of rows

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WO2023227979A1 (en) * 2022-05-21 2023-11-30 Namdarian Ahmadali Rammed earth formwork-facade

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