WO2012004019A1 - Charging station for charging a vehicle battery - Google Patents

Charging station for charging a vehicle battery Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012004019A1
WO2012004019A1 PCT/EP2011/056602 EP2011056602W WO2012004019A1 WO 2012004019 A1 WO2012004019 A1 WO 2012004019A1 EP 2011056602 W EP2011056602 W EP 2011056602W WO 2012004019 A1 WO2012004019 A1 WO 2012004019A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
control unit
electronic control
charging station
current
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/056602
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Steffen Göbel
Boris Kuschel
Original Assignee
Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Aktiengesellschaft filed Critical Siemens Aktiengesellschaft
Publication of WO2012004019A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012004019A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L3/00—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption
    • B60L3/0092—Electric devices on electrically-propelled vehicles for safety purposes; Monitoring operating variables, e.g. speed, deceleration or energy consumption with use of redundant elements for safety purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/305—Communication interfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/30—Constructional details of charging stations
    • B60L53/31—Charging columns specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/62—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to charging parameters, e.g. current, voltage or electrical charge
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/63—Monitoring or controlling charging stations in response to network capacity
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/64—Optimising energy costs, e.g. responding to electricity rates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/66—Data transfer between charging stations and vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/60—Monitoring or controlling charging stations
    • B60L53/67—Controlling two or more charging stations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
    • B60L2240/10—Vehicle control parameters
    • B60L2240/36—Temperature of vehicle components or parts
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/48—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/12—Electric charging stations
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/16—Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/167—Systems integrating technologies related to power network operation and communication or information technologies for supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles, i.e. smartgrids as interface for battery charging of electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S10/00—Systems supporting electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y04S10/12—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation
    • Y04S10/126—Monitoring or controlling equipment for energy generation units, e.g. distributed energy generation [DER] or load-side generation the energy generation units being or involving electric vehicles [EV] or hybrid vehicles [HEV], i.e. power aggregation of EV or HEV, vehicle to grid arrangements [V2G]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y04—INFORMATION OR COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES HAVING AN IMPACT ON OTHER TECHNOLOGY AREAS
    • Y04S—SYSTEMS INTEGRATING TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO POWER NETWORK OPERATION, COMMUNICATION OR INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES FOR IMPROVING THE ELECTRICAL POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION, DISTRIBUTION, MANAGEMENT OR USAGE, i.e. SMART GRIDS
    • Y04S30/00—Systems supporting specific end-user applications in the sector of transportation
    • Y04S30/10—Systems supporting the interoperability of electric or hybrid vehicles
    • Y04S30/14—Details associated with the interoperability, e.g. vehicle recognition, authentication, identification or billing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charging station for charging a vehicle battery, with a mains connection, a charging outlet, with electrical and electromechanical components connected between the mains connection and the charging outlet, via which the charging current for the vehicle battery can be supplied, with a vehicle Interface, via which the height of the charging current for the vehicle battery is variable and via which a connection to the vehicle with the vehicle battery can be produced, which serves to transmit an electrical data signal that contains data relevant to the charging process of the vehicle battery, and with an electronic control unit , which communicates with the electrical and electromechanical components.
  • Such charging stations for charging the vehicle batteries of electric vehicles are known, the vehicle interface ⁇ is defined in the standard IEC1851.
  • a so-called pilot box is arranged in the charging station, which operates autonomously or controlled by a superordinate ⁇ tes system. The functionality of the charging stations is beyond that not defined.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve a Lade Liste ⁇ le of the type mentioned above so that is reduced by additional functionality of the cost of space and space requirements while improving the ease of use.
  • the charging station has an operator interface with a display device and a keyboard.
  • the operator interface is directly connected to the electronic control unit to display status information directed from the electronic control unit to the operator interface.
  • gene and an input on the operator interface Steu ⁇ erinformation directly in the electronic control unit to receive and further process, the control information relates to the charging process.
  • the electronic control unit according to claim 2 is connected via egg ⁇ nen control bus with a higher-level control system, this allows the function of the charging station to control decentralized and monitor.
  • the überge ⁇ ordered control system receives information about the need for charging current and the current charging current load of several charging stations and can change the respective charging current in the charging columns for the purpose of optimization by access to the individual electronic control units.
  • a central monitoring can take place, which in turn optimally adapts the load management, for example in the case of faults.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment is when, according to claim 3, the electronic control unit has sensors for detecting the indoor climate in the interior of the charging station and by the electronic control unit depending on the detected for example by the sensors temperature and / or humidity not only in the interior of the Charging column befind- located heating or cooling unit, but also the height of the charging current is controllable.
  • the air space in the charging station can be adapted to the current load and load ⁇ external environmental conditions rules, so that a failure of components within the charging station can be avoided by temperature overload.
  • the charging current can be reduced accordingly or completely switched off.
  • a current / voltage measuring sensor technology is provided whose output signals are transmitted to the electronic control unit for realizing over ⁇ load protection and / or energy counting.
  • Such a solution makes sense to monitor that a vehicle battery is charged only with the predetermined charging current. If this is not the case, the charging current can be switched off, for example, by an electronic fuse.
  • the triggering threshold can be variably adjusted to the setpoint ⁇ default for the maximum load current.
  • the current / voltage measuring sensor technology offers the possibility of making an energy count so that an external energy meter can be dispensed with.
  • the charging process can be controlled depending on the time of day. In this way, e.g. the charging process is limited in time to a predetermined duration or a specific time interval.
  • the height of the charging current is variable depending on the time. This makes it possible to adjust the amount of charging current to the current ⁇ network load and thus to exploit cheap charging rates while low power grid load.
  • the structure of the charging station 1 according to the invention for charging the vehicle battery of an electric vehicle is shown schematically by a block diagram.
  • the La ⁇ deklave 1 has a mains connection 2 for power supply and a charging outlet 3 according to the standard IEC61851, via which the charging current of the vehicle battery is supplied. Between are electrical and electromechanical components 4 ge ⁇ switches.
  • the charging station 1 comprises an electronic control ⁇ unit 5, which communicates with the electrical and electromechanical components 4.
  • the electronic control unit 5 is provided with a vehicle interface 6, via which a connection to the vehicle with the vehicle battery can be produced. This connection is used to transmit an electrical data signal that contains data relevant to the charging process of the vehicle battery.
  • the vehicle interface 6 is defined in the standard IEC61851.
  • the charging station 1 is also equipped with an operator interface 7, which has a display device, eg a display, and a keyboard. These operator interface ⁇ point 7 is directly connected to the electronic control unit 5 to zu Alben led from the electronic control unit 5 to the user interface 7 state information on or entered on the operator interface 7 via the Tasta ⁇ tur control information directly in the electronic control unit 5 to receive and process.
  • the control information relates, inter alia, to the charging process, for example a charging current tariff which is coupled to the charging current duration or the charging current duration itself.
  • this solution reduces the space requirement and the wiring complexity and allows short reaction times due to the direct connection of the operator interface 7 to the electronic control unit 5.
  • the electronic control unit 5 can be connected via a control bus 8 to a higher-level control system. This allows the function of the charging station 1 decentralized control and monitoring. For example, the parent receives
  • Control system Information on the need for charging current and the instantaneous charging current load of several charging stations can be obtained by accessing the individual ECUs. units, the respective charging current in the charging stations, for example, for the purpose of optimization, change.
  • a central monitoring can take place in order to optimally adapt the load management, for example in the case of faults.
  • the electronic control unit 5 has sensors 9 on the Erfas ⁇ solution of the indoor climate in the interior of the loading column. 1 With the electronic control unit 5 can be controlled by the by the sensors 9 detected temperature and / or humidity is not only an in-the interior of the Ladekla ⁇ le 1 heating or cooling unit 10 but also the height of the charging current, for example, from ⁇ pending. For example, in ei ⁇ ner to high temperature could be charged with a reduced charging capacity instead of a complete system shutdown.
  • the output signals are transmitted to the electronic control unit 5 for Reali ⁇ tion of overload protection and / or energy counting.
  • This design allows the surveil ⁇ chung that a vehicle battery is charged with the predetermined charging current. If this is not the case, the charging current for example by an electronic fuse 12 can be bringsschal ⁇ tet.
  • an integrated overload protection function can be implemented whose triggering threshold can be set variably to the setpoint specification for the maximum load current.
  • the current / voltage measurement sensor system offers the possibility of making an energy count so that an external energy meter can be dispensed with.
  • the electronic control unit 5 also has a time function 13 is integrated, via which the charging process is controlled depending on the time. For example, in this way the charging process can be limited in time to a predetermined duration or a specific time interval.
  • the amount of charging current can be varied depending on the time, which is an adaptation to the mains current load and thus the use of favorable charging rates.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a charging station (1) for charging a vehicle battery of an electric vehicle, comprising a mains connection (2), a charging outlet (3) and electrical and electromechanical components (4) connected between the mains connection (2) and charging outlet (3). The charging station (1) also comprises a vehicle interface (6), an electronic control unit (5) and an operator interface (7) having a display device and a keypad, wherein the operator interface (7) is directly connected to the electronic control unit (5). Status information transmitted from the electronic control unit (5) to the operator interface (7) can therefore be displayed, and control information input at the operator interface (7) can be received directly and processed further in the electronic control unit (5).

Description

Beschreibung description
Ladesäule zum Laden einer Fahrzeugbatterie Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ladesäule zum Laden einer Fahrzeugbatterie, mit einem Netzanschluss , einem Ladeabgang, mit zwischen dem Netzanschluss und dem Ladeabgang geschalteten elektrischen und elektromechanischen Komponenten, über die der Ladestrom für die Fahrzeugbatterie zuführbar ist, mit ei- ner Fahrzeug-Schnittstelle, über die die Höhe des Ladestroms für die Fahrzeugbatterie veränderbar ist und über die eine Verbindung zum Fahrzeug mit der Fahrzeugbatterie herstellbar ist, die zur Übertragung eines elektrischen Datensignals dient, das für den Ladevorgang der Fahrzeugbatterie relevante Daten enthält, und mit einer elektronischen Steuereinheit, die mit den elektrischen und elektromechanischen Komponenten in Verbindung steht. The invention relates to a charging station for charging a vehicle battery, with a mains connection, a charging outlet, with electrical and electromechanical components connected between the mains connection and the charging outlet, via which the charging current for the vehicle battery can be supplied, with a vehicle Interface, via which the height of the charging current for the vehicle battery is variable and via which a connection to the vehicle with the vehicle battery can be produced, which serves to transmit an electrical data signal that contains data relevant to the charging process of the vehicle battery, and with an electronic control unit , which communicates with the electrical and electromechanical components.
Derartige Ladesäulen zum Laden der Fahrzeugbatterien von Elektrofahrzeugen sind bekannt, wobei die Fahrzeug-Schnitt¬ stelle in der Norm IEC1851 definiert ist. Als elektronische Steuereinheit ist eine so genannte Pilotbox in der Ladesäule angeordnet, die autonom oder gesteuert durch ein übergeordne¬ tes System arbeitet. Die Funktionalität der Ladesäulen ist aber darüber hinaus nicht definiert. Such charging stations for charging the vehicle batteries of electric vehicles are known, the vehicle interface ¬ is defined in the standard IEC1851. As an electronic control unit, a so-called pilot box is arranged in the charging station, which operates autonomously or controlled by a superordinate ¬ tes system. The functionality of the charging stations is beyond that not defined.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Ladesäu¬ le der oben genannten Art dahingehend zu verbessern, dass durch zusätzliche Funktionalität der Aufwand an Kosten und Platzbedarf bei gleichzeitiger Verbesserung der Bedienerfreundlichkeit reduziert wird. The invention is therefore based on the object to improve a Ladesäu ¬ le of the type mentioned above so that is reduced by additional functionality of the cost of space and space requirements while improving the ease of use.
Die Aufgabe wird mit den Merkmalen nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Dabei weist die Ladesäule eine Bediener-Schnittstelle mit ei- ner Anzeigeeinrichtung und einer Tastatur auf. Die Bediener- Schnittstelle ist direkt mit der elektronischen Steuereinheit verbunden, um von der elektronischen Steuereinheit an die Bediener-Schnittstelle geleitete Zustandsinformationen anzuzei- gen und eine an der Bediener-Schnittstelle eingegebene Steu¬ erinformation direkt in der elektronischen Steuereinheit zu empfangen und weiterzuverarbeiten, wobei die Steuerinformation den Ladevorgang betrifft. Diese Lösung verringert nicht nur den Verdrahtungsaufwand, sondern sie ermöglicht auch kur¬ ze Reaktionszeiten, da die Tastaturinformationen nicht erst von einer zentralen Steuerung ausgewertet werden müssen. The object is achieved with the features of claim 1. In this case, the charging station has an operator interface with a display device and a keyboard. The operator interface is directly connected to the electronic control unit to display status information directed from the electronic control unit to the operator interface. gene and an input on the operator interface Steu ¬ erinformation directly in the electronic control unit to receive and further process, the control information relates to the charging process. This solution not only reduces the wiring effort, but also allows short reaction times, since the keyboard information does not have to be evaluated first by a central controller.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind den Unteran- Sprüchen 2 bis 6 zu entnehmen. Advantageous developments of the invention are described in the subclaims 2 to 6.
Ist die elektronische Steuereinheit gemäß Anspruch 2 über ei¬ nen Steuerbus mit einem übergeordneten Steuersystem verbunden, so ermöglicht dies die Funktion der Ladesäule dezentral zu steuern und zu überwachen. Zum Beispiel erhält das überge¬ ordnete Steuersystem Informationen über den Bedarf an Ladestrom und die momentane Ladestrombelastung von mehreren Ladesäulen und kann durch Zugriff auf die einzelnen elektronischen Steuereinheiten den jeweiligen Ladestrom in den Lade- säulen zum Zwecke einer Optimierung verändern. Außerdem kann eine zentrale Überwachung stattfinden, die wiederum z.B. bei Störungen das Lastmanagement optimal anpasst. If the electronic control unit according to claim 2 is connected via egg ¬ nen control bus with a higher-level control system, this allows the function of the charging station to control decentralized and monitor. For example, the überge ¬ ordered control system receives information about the need for charging current and the current charging current load of several charging stations and can change the respective charging current in the charging columns for the purpose of optimization by access to the individual electronic control units. In addition, a central monitoring can take place, which in turn optimally adapts the load management, for example in the case of faults.
Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausführungsform besteht, wenn ge- mäß Anspruch 3 die elektronische Steuereinheit Sensoren zur Erfassung des Raumklimas im Innenraum der Ladesäule aufweist und durch die elektronische Steuereinheit in Abhängigkeit von der z.B. durch die Sensoren erfassten Temperatur und/oder Feuchtigkeit nicht nur ein im Innenraum der Ladesäule befind- liches Wärme- bzw. Kühlaggregat, sondern auch die Höhe des Ladestroms steuerbar ist. Durch eine solche Anordnung lässt sich das Raumklima in der Ladesäule angepasst an die Lade¬ strombelastung und äußere Umgebungsbedingungen regeln, damit ein Ausfall von Komponenten innerhalb der Ladesäule durch Temperaturüberlastung vermieden werden kann. Außerdem kann bei zu hoher Raumtemperatur im Innenraum der Ladesäule der Ladestrom entsprechend reduziert oder vollkommen abgeschaltet werden . Weiterhin ist es vorteilhaft, wenn gemäß Anspruch 4 im Strompfad des Ladestroms innerhalb der Ladesäule eine Strom-/Span- nungsmess-Sensorik vorgesehen ist, deren Ausgangssignale an die elektronische Steuereinheit zur Realisierung eines Über¬ lastschutzes und/oder zur Energiezählung übertragen werden. Eine solche Lösung ist sinnvoll, um zu überwachen, dass eine Fahrzeugbatterie nur mit dem vorgegebenen Ladestrom geladen wird. Ist dies nicht der Fall kann der Ladestrom z.B. durch eine elektronische Sicherung abgeschaltet werden. Hierdurch lässt sich also eine integrierte Überlastsicherungsfunktion realisieren, deren Auslöseschwelle variabel an die Sollwert¬ vorgabe für den maximalen Laststrom eingestellt werden kann. Außerdem bietet die Strom-/Spannungsmess-Sensorik die Mög- lichkeit, eine Energiezählung vorzunehmen, so dass ein externer Energiezähler entfallen kann. A particularly advantageous embodiment is when, according to claim 3, the electronic control unit has sensors for detecting the indoor climate in the interior of the charging station and by the electronic control unit depending on the detected for example by the sensors temperature and / or humidity not only in the interior of the Charging column befind- located heating or cooling unit, but also the height of the charging current is controllable. By such arrangement, the air space in the charging station can be adapted to the current load and load ¬ external environmental conditions rules, so that a failure of components within the charging station can be avoided by temperature overload. In addition, at too high a room temperature in the interior of the charging station, the charging current can be reduced accordingly or completely switched off. Furthermore, it is advantageous if according to claim 4 in the current path of the charging current within the charging station, a current / voltage measuring sensor technology is provided whose output signals are transmitted to the electronic control unit for realizing over ¬ load protection and / or energy counting. Such a solution makes sense to monitor that a vehicle battery is charged only with the predetermined charging current. If this is not the case, the charging current can be switched off, for example, by an electronic fuse. This makes it possible to realize an integrated overload protection function, the triggering threshold can be variably adjusted to the setpoint ¬ default for the maximum load current. In addition, the current / voltage measuring sensor technology offers the possibility of making an energy count so that an external energy meter can be dispensed with.
Ist in der elektronischen Steuereinheit gemäß Anspruch 5 eine Uhrzeitfunktion integriert, so ist hierüber der Ladevorgang abhängig von der Uhrzeit steuerbar. Auf diese Weise kann z.B. der Ladevorgang zeitlich auf eine vorgegebene Dauer oder ein bestimmtes Zeitintervall beschränkt werden. If a time function is integrated in the electronic control unit according to claim 5, the charging process can be controlled depending on the time of day. In this way, e.g. the charging process is limited in time to a predetermined duration or a specific time interval.
Außerdem ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn gemäß Anspruch 6 die Höhe des Ladestroms abhängig von der Uhrzeit variierbar ist. Dies ermöglicht die Höhe des Ladestroms an die Strom¬ netzbelastung anzupassen und damit günstige Ladestrom-Tarife während geringer Stromnetzbelastung auszunutzen. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird im Folgenden anhand einer Zeichnung näher erläutert. Moreover, it is particularly advantageous if according to claim 6, the height of the charging current is variable depending on the time. This makes it possible to adjust the amount of charging current to the current ¬ network load and thus to exploit cheap charging rates while low power grid load. An embodiment of the invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a drawing.
In der Zeichnung ist schematisch der Aufbau der erfindungsgemäßen Ladesäule 1 zum Laden der Fahrzeugbatterie eines Elek- trofahrzeugs anhand eines Blockdiagramms dargestellt. Die La¬ desäule 1 weist einen Netzanschluss 2 zur Stromzuführung und einen Ladeabgang 3 gemäß der Norm IEC61851 auf, über den der Ladestrom der Fahrzeugbatterie zugeführt wird. Dazwischen sind elektrische und elektromechanische Komponenten 4 ge¬ schaltet. Die Ladesäule 1 umfasst eine elektronische Steuer¬ einheit 5, die mit den elektrischen und elektromechanischen Komponenten 4 in Verbindung steht. Außerdem ist die elektro- nische Steuereinheit 5 mit einer Fahrzeug-Schnittstelle 6 versehen, über die eine Verbindung zum Fahrzeug mit der Fahrzeugbatterie herstellbar ist. Diese Verbindung dient zur Übertragung eines elektrischen Datensignals, das für den Ladevorgang der Fahrzeugbatterie relevante Daten enthält. Die Fahrzeugschnittstelle 6 ist in der Norm IEC61851 definiert. In the drawing, the structure of the charging station 1 according to the invention for charging the vehicle battery of an electric vehicle is shown schematically by a block diagram. The La ¬ desäule 1 has a mains connection 2 for power supply and a charging outlet 3 according to the standard IEC61851, via which the charging current of the vehicle battery is supplied. Between are electrical and electromechanical components 4 ge ¬ switches. The charging station 1 comprises an electronic control ¬ unit 5, which communicates with the electrical and electromechanical components 4. In addition, the electronic control unit 5 is provided with a vehicle interface 6, via which a connection to the vehicle with the vehicle battery can be produced. This connection is used to transmit an electrical data signal that contains data relevant to the charging process of the vehicle battery. The vehicle interface 6 is defined in the standard IEC61851.
Von der elektronischen Steuereinheit 5 kann die Höhe des La¬ destromes über die Fahrzeugschnittstelle 6 verändert werden. Die Ladesäule 1 ist außerdem mit einer Bediener-Schnittstelle 7 ausgestattet, die eine Anzeigeeinrichtung, z.B. ein Display, und eine Tastatur aufweist. Diese Bediener-Schnitt¬ stelle 7 ist direkt mit der elektronischen Steuereinheit 5 verbunden, um von der elektronischen Steuereinheit 5 an die Bediener-Schnittstelle 7 geleitete Zustandsinformationen an- zuzeigen oder an der Bediener-Schnittstelle 7 über die Tasta¬ tur eingegebene Steuerinformationen direkt in der elektronischen Steuereinheit 5 zu empfangen und weiterzuverarbeiten . Dabei betreffen die Steuerinformationen u.a. den Ladevorgang, beispielsweise einen Ladestrom-Tarif, der an die Ladestrom- dauer gekoppelt ist, oder die Ladestromdauer selbst. From the electronic control unit 5, the height of the La ¬ destromes on the vehicle interface 6 can be changed. The charging station 1 is also equipped with an operator interface 7, which has a display device, eg a display, and a keyboard. These operator interface ¬ point 7 is directly connected to the electronic control unit 5 to zuzeigen led from the electronic control unit 5 to the user interface 7 state information on or entered on the operator interface 7 via the Tasta ¬ tur control information directly in the electronic control unit 5 to receive and process. The control information relates, inter alia, to the charging process, for example a charging current tariff which is coupled to the charging current duration or the charging current duration itself.
Diese Lösung verringert neben den Kosten den Platzbedarf und den Verdrahtungsaufwand und ermöglicht kurze Reaktionszeiten aufgrund der direkten Anbindung der Bediener-Schnittstelle 7 an die elektronische Steuereinheit 5. In addition to the costs, this solution reduces the space requirement and the wiring complexity and allows short reaction times due to the direct connection of the operator interface 7 to the electronic control unit 5.
Die elektronische Steuereinheit 5 kann über einen Steuerbus 8 mit einem übergeordneten Steuersystem verbunden sein. Dies ermöglicht die Funktion der Ladesäule 1 dezentral zu steuern und zu überwachen. Zum Beispiel erhält das übergeordneteThe electronic control unit 5 can be connected via a control bus 8 to a higher-level control system. This allows the function of the charging station 1 decentralized control and monitoring. For example, the parent receives
Steuersystem Informationen über den Bedarf an Ladestrom und die momentane Ladestrombelastung von mehreren Ladesäulen und kann durch Zugriff auf die einzelnen elektronischen Steuer- einheiten den jeweiligen Ladestrom in den Ladesäulen, beispielsweise zum Zwecke einer Optimierung, verändern. Außerdem kann eine zentrale Überwachung stattfinden, um z.B. bei Störungen das Lastmanagement optimal anzupassen. Control system Information on the need for charging current and the instantaneous charging current load of several charging stations and can be obtained by accessing the individual ECUs. units, the respective charging current in the charging stations, for example, for the purpose of optimization, change. In addition, a central monitoring can take place in order to optimally adapt the load management, for example in the case of faults.
Die elektronische Steuereinheit 5 weist Sensoren 9 zur Erfas¬ sung des Raumklimas im Innenraum der Ladesäule 1 auf. Mit der elektronischen Steuereinheit 5 lässt sich beispielsweise ab¬ hängig von der durch die Sensoren 9 erfassten Temperatur und/ oder Luftfeuchtigkeit nicht nur ein im Innenraum der Ladesäu¬ le 1 befindliches Wärme- bzw. Kühlaggregat 10, sondern auch die Höhe des Ladestroms steuern. Zum Beispiel könnte bei ei¬ ner zu hohen Temperatur anstelle einer kompletten Abschaltung des Systems mit verminderter Ladeleistung geladen werden. The electronic control unit 5 has sensors 9 on the Erfas ¬ solution of the indoor climate in the interior of the loading column. 1 With the electronic control unit 5 can be controlled by the by the sensors 9 detected temperature and / or humidity is not only an in-the interior of the Ladesäu ¬ le 1 heating or cooling unit 10 but also the height of the charging current, for example, from ¬ pending. For example, in ei ¬ ner to high temperature could be charged with a reduced charging capacity instead of a complete system shutdown.
Im Strompfad des Ladestroms ist innerhalb der Ladesäule 1 ei¬ ne Strom-/Spannungsmess-Sensorik 11 vorgesehen, deren Ausgangssignale an die elektronische Steuereinheit 5 zur Reali¬ sierung eines Überlastschutzes und/oder zur Energiezählung übertragen werden. Diese Ausführung ermöglicht die Überwa¬ chung, dass eine Fahrzeugbatterie nur mit dem vorgegebenen Ladestrom geladen wird. Ist dies nicht der Fall, kann der Ladestrom z.B. durch eine elektronische Sicherung 12 abgeschal¬ tet werden. Hierdurch lässt sich also eine integrierte Über- lastsicherungsfunktion realisieren, deren Auslöseschwelle variabel an die Sollwertvorgabe für den maximalen Laststrom eingestellt werden kann. Außerdem bietet die Strom-/Span- nungsmess-Sensorik die Möglichkeit, eine Energiezählung vorzunehmen, so dass ein externer Energiezähler entfallen kann. In the current path of the charging current 1 ei ¬ ne current / voltage measuring sensor 11 is provided within the charging station, the output signals are transmitted to the electronic control unit 5 for Reali ¬ tion of overload protection and / or energy counting. This design allows the surveil ¬ chung that a vehicle battery is charged with the predetermined charging current. If this is not the case, the charging current for example by an electronic fuse 12 can be abgeschal ¬ tet. As a result, an integrated overload protection function can be implemented whose triggering threshold can be set variably to the setpoint specification for the maximum load current. In addition, the current / voltage measurement sensor system offers the possibility of making an energy count so that an external energy meter can be dispensed with.
In der elektronischen Steuereinheit 5 ist außerdem eine Uhrzeitfunktion 13 integriert, über die der Ladevorgang abhängig von der Uhrzeit steuerbar ist. Zum Beispiel lässt sich auf diese Weise der Ladevorgang zeitlich auf eine vorgegebene Dauer oder ein bestimmtes Zeitintervall beschränken. In the electronic control unit 5 also has a time function 13 is integrated, via which the charging process is controlled depending on the time. For example, in this way the charging process can be limited in time to a predetermined duration or a specific time interval.
Außerdem kann die Höhe des Ladestroms abhängig von der Uhrzeit variiert werden, was eine Anpassung an die Netzstrombe- lastung und damit die Ausnutzung günstiger Ladestrom-Tarife ermöglicht . In addition, the amount of charging current can be varied depending on the time, which is an adaptation to the mains current load and thus the use of favorable charging rates.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Ladesäule (1) zum Laden einer Fahrzeugbatterie eines 1. charging station (1) for charging a vehicle battery of a
Elektrofahrzeugs , mit einem Netzanschluss (2), einem Ladeab- gang (3), mit zwischen dem Netzanschluss (2) und dem Ladeab¬ gang (3) geschalteten elektrischen und elektromechanischen Komponenten (4), über die der Ladestrom für die Fahrzeugbatterie zuführbar ist, mit einer Fahrzeug-Schnittstelle (6), über die die Höhe des Ladestroms für die Fahrzeugbatterie veränderbar ist und über die eine Kommunikationsverbindung zum Elektrofahrzeug mit der Fahrzeugbatterie herstellbar ist, die zur Übertragung eines elektrischen Datensignals dient, das für den Ladevorgang der Fahrzeugbatterie relevante Daten enthält, und mit einer elektronischen Steuereinheit (5) , die mit den elektrischen und elektromechanischen Komponenten (4) in Verbindung steht, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Lade¬ säule (1) eine Bediener-Schnittstelle (7) mit einer Anzeige¬ einrichtung und einer Tastatur aufweist, wobei die Bediener- Schnittstelle (7) direkt mit der elektronischen Steuereinheit (5) verbunden ist, um von der elektronischen Steuereinheit (5) an die Bediener-Schnittstelle (7) geleitete Zustandsin¬ formationen anzuzeigen und eine an der Bediener-Schnittstelle (7) eingegebene Steuerinformationen direkt in der elektronischen Steuereinheit (5) zu empfangen und weiterzuverarbeiten, wobei die Steuerinformation den Ladevorgang betrifft. Electric vehicle, having a mains connection (2), a Ladeab- gear (3), between the mains connection (2) and connected to the Ladeab ¬ gear (3) electrical and electromechanical components (4) through which the charging current for the vehicle battery can be supplied , with a vehicle interface (6), via which the height of the charging current for the vehicle battery is variable and via which a communication link to the electric vehicle with the vehicle battery can be produced, which serves to transmit an electrical data signal, the relevant for the charging process of the vehicle battery data contains, and with an electronic control unit (5), which communicates with the electrical and electromechanical components (4), characterized in that the charging ¬ column (1) an operator interface (7) with a display ¬ device and a Keyboard, wherein the operator interface (7) is directly connected to the electronic control unit (5) to receive t, control information, to display by the electronic control unit (5) to the operator interface (7) guided Zustandsin ¬ formations and one at the operator interface (7) inserted directly into the electronic control unit (5) and further processed, wherein the Control information regarding the charging process.
2. Ladesäule nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektronische Steuereinheit (5) über einen Steuerbus (8) mit einem übergeordneten Steuersystem verbunden ist. 2. charging station according to claim 1, characterized in that the electronic control unit (5) via a control bus (8) is connected to a higher-level control system.
3. Ladesäule nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektronische Steuereinheit (5) Sensoren (9) zur Er¬ fassung des Raumklimas im Innenraum der Ladesäule (1) auf¬ weist und durch die elektronische Steuereinheit (1) in Abhän- gigkeit von der z.B. durch die Sensoren (9) erfassten Temperatur und/oder Feuchtigkeit nicht nur ein im Innenraum der Ladesäule (1) befindliches Wärme- bzw. Kühlaggregat (10), sondern auch die Höhe des Ladestroms steuerbar ist. 3. charging station according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electronic control unit (5) sensors (9) for Er ¬ Constitution of the indoor climate in the interior of the charging station (1) has ¬ and by the electronic control unit (1) in dependence From the example of the sensors (9) detected temperature and / or humidity not only one in the interior of the charging station (1) located heating or cooling unit (10), but also the height of the charging current is controllable.
4. Ladesäule nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Strompfad des Ladestroms innerhalb der Ladesäule (1) eine Strom-/Spannungsmess-Sensorik (11) vorgesehen ist, deren Ausgangssignale an die elektronische Steuereinheit (5) zur Realisierung eines Überlastschutzes und/oder zur Energiezählung übertragen werden. 4. charging station according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the current path of the charging current within the charging station (1) a current / voltage measuring sensor (11) is provided whose output signals to the electronic control unit (5) for the realization of an overload protection and / or transmitted for energy counting.
5. Ladesäule nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in der elektronischen Steuereinheit (5) eine Uhrzeitfunktion (13) integriert ist, über die der Lade¬ vorgang abhängig von der Uhrzeit steuerbar ist. 5. charging station according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in the electronic control unit (5) has a time function (13) is integrated, via which the charging ¬ process is controlled depending on the time.
6. Ladesäule nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Höhe des Ladestroms abhängig von der Uhrzeit variierbar ist . 6. charging station according to claim 5, characterized in that the height of the charging current is variable depending on the time.
PCT/EP2011/056602 2010-07-09 2011-04-27 Charging station for charging a vehicle battery WO2012004019A1 (en)

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