WO2012002286A1 - Système de climatisation de type à accumulation de chaleur et dispositif de commande de système de présentation de type à accumulation de chaleur - Google Patents

Système de climatisation de type à accumulation de chaleur et dispositif de commande de système de présentation de type à accumulation de chaleur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012002286A1
WO2012002286A1 PCT/JP2011/064577 JP2011064577W WO2012002286A1 WO 2012002286 A1 WO2012002286 A1 WO 2012002286A1 JP 2011064577 W JP2011064577 W JP 2011064577W WO 2012002286 A1 WO2012002286 A1 WO 2012002286A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
heat storage
power consumption
amount
storage type
air conditioning
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PCT/JP2011/064577
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
渡辺　恵子
正人 藤原
小澤　芳男
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三洋電機株式会社
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Publication of WO2012002286A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012002286A1/fr

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00357—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles
    • B60H1/00385—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell
    • B60H1/00392—Air-conditioning arrangements specially adapted for particular vehicles for vehicles having an electrical drive, e.g. hybrid or fuel cell for electric vehicles having only electric drive means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/00492—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices comprising regenerative heating or cooling means, e.g. heat accumulators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24F—AIR-CONDITIONING; AIR-HUMIDIFICATION; VENTILATION; USE OF AIR CURRENTS FOR SCREENING
    • F24F5/00—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater
    • F24F5/0007—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning
    • F24F5/0017—Air-conditioning systems or apparatus not covered by F24F1/00 or F24F3/00, e.g. using solar heat or combined with household units such as an oven or water heater cooling apparatus specially adapted for use in air-conditioning using cold storage bodies, e.g. ice
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a heat storage type air conditioning system and a control device for a heat storage type showcase system in a facility where a charger for charging an electric vehicle is installed.
  • the electricity price of stores such as shopping centers and convenience stores is determined by the maximum peak power consumption. Therefore, it is desirable to reduce the maximum peak power amount as much as possible. For this reason, a mechanism for reducing the amount of peak power by introducing a heat storage type air conditioning system and using the energy stored at night during the daytime when the air conditioning load is large has become widespread. In connection with that, the air conditioning load of the next day is predicted to determine the amount of energy to be stored at night, or the operating capacity of the compressor is determined according to the difference between the predicted value of the air conditioning load and the current remaining heat storage amount. Techniques have been proposed (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).
  • the electric power charged to the EV mainly refers to electric power for driving the EV, and is mainly charged to a battery mounted on an existing automobile supplied to an electronic device in the vehicle. It is not electric power.
  • thermal storage air conditioning systems and thermal storage showcase systems it is desirable to use a large amount of the stored energy when the air conditioning load or showcase load is large.
  • the schedule is determined.
  • EV charging facilities it is necessary to consider fluctuations in the EV charge amount that are completely different from fluctuations in the air conditioning load that are affected by the outside air temperature.
  • the air conditioning load is affected by the outside air temperature
  • the load increases and the power consumption also increases.
  • the EV charge amount is considered to be influenced by the number of visitors regardless of the outside air temperature.
  • the conventional predictive control with only the air conditioning load may exceed the contract power peak amount due to the EV charging power amount.
  • a sharp increase in power consumption due to EV charging occurs, it becomes difficult to level the power consumption.
  • the air conditioning system when the air conditioning system is adaptively controlled instead of predictive control for the momentary change in power consumption, it takes time until the effect of using the heat storage energy appears in the air conditioner. Moreover, it cannot respond after the heat storage energy is used up.
  • the present invention has been made in view of such a situation, and an object thereof is to provide a technique for suppressing the maximum peak power amount of a facility.
  • a control device for a regenerative air conditioning system is a control device for a regenerative air conditioning system in a facility where a charger for charging an electric vehicle is installed, and predicts the amount of electric power charged to the electric vehicle. And a control unit that controls heat storage and heat dissipation of the heat storage type air conditioning system based on a prediction result by the prediction unit.
  • a control device for a heat storage type showcase system is a control device for a heat storage type showcase system in a facility where a charger for charging an electric vehicle is installed, and charging the electric vehicle
  • a prediction unit that predicts the amount of electric power
  • a control unit that controls heat storage and heat dissipation of the heat storage type showcase system based on a prediction result by the prediction unit.
  • the maximum peak power of the facility can be suppressed.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining a charge / discharge method according to a mode of Example 1 of the present invention. It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power control system which concerns on the form of Example 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows an example of the table constructed
  • the thermal storage type air conditioning system of Example 1 it is a figure for demonstrating the status when not using thermal storage energy.
  • the thermal storage type air conditioning system of Example 1 it is a figure for demonstrating the status in thermal storage.
  • thermal storage type air conditioning system of Example 1 it is a figure for demonstrating the status in the case of using thermal storage energy only about one system
  • FIG. It is a figure for demonstrating the case where the flow control of cold water is performed in the thermal storage type
  • FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the thermal storage control by the control apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention of Example 1.
  • FIG. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the 1st example of heat storage energy utilization control by the control apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention of Example 1.
  • FIG. 14A and 14B are diagrams for explaining a charge / discharge method according to the first modification of the first embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification of the heat storage type
  • FIG. 16A and 16B are diagrams for explaining the charge / discharge method according to the mode of Example 2 of the present invention.
  • Example 2 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the electric power control system which concerns on the form of Example 2 of this invention.
  • the thermal storage type air conditioning system of Example 2 it is a figure for demonstrating the status when not using thermal storage energy.
  • the heat storage type showcase system of Example 2 it is a figure for demonstrating the status in heat storage.
  • the heat storage type showcase system of Example 2 it is a figure for demonstrating the status in the case of using heat storage energy only about one system
  • the heat storage type showcase system of Example 2 it is a figure for demonstrating the case where the flow control of a refrigerant
  • the heat storage type showcase system of Example 2 it is a figure for demonstrating the case where the flow control of cold water is performed.
  • FIG. 14A and 14B are diagrams for explaining a charge / discharge method according to the first modification of the second embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification of the thermal storage type showcase system of Example 2.
  • FIG. 14A and 14B are diagrams for explaining a charge / discharge method according to the first modification of the second embodiment. It is a figure which shows the modification of the thermal storage type showcase system of Example 2.
  • FIGS. 1A and 1B are diagrams for explaining a charge / discharge method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the graph in FIG. 1A shows the transition of the daily power consumption of a certain facility.
  • the power consumption of the facility is considered by dividing it into the power consumption of air conditioning, the amount of EV charging power, and the power consumption of other devices.
  • the maximum peak power amount of the facility becomes larger than before the introduction.
  • the conventional method of predicting the transition of the air conditioning load and using the heat storage energy cannot sufficiently suppress the maximum peak power amount of the facility.
  • the graph of FIG.1 (b) shows transition of the said power consumption after applying the charging / discharging method which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
  • the transition of the EV charging power amount is predicted, and the heat storage energy is used in a time zone when the EV charging power amount becomes large.
  • the optimum amount of heat storage energy is used based on the predicted value of the EV charging power amount for each time zone. As a result, the maximum peak power of the store can be suppressed and the power consumption can be leveled.
  • the EV charge energy is calculated as follows. Electric power required for EV quick charging is 20 kW when charging time is 30 minutes, 10 kW when charging for 1 hour, and 5 kW when charging for 2 hours.
  • the maximum power consumption of an air conditioner is estimated as follows.
  • the maximum power consumption of the air conditioner in summer is about 12 kWh when one system is composed of one outdoor unit and four indoor units. Therefore, the power consumption of the air conditioner is the number of systems ⁇ 12 kWh.
  • the amount of electric power charged per EV is equivalent to one or two systems of air conditioners.
  • the power consumption of air conditioners that can be reduced by using heat storage energy is about 15 to 20% of the original power consumption. In this case, assuming that the power consumption of the air conditioner is 100 kWh, using the heat storage energy, the power consumption is 80 kWh.
  • heat storage energy By using heat storage energy, if the charging time is extended for about 2 EVs, the amount of charging power for about 4 EVs can be covered. Longer charging time will increase the number of EVs that can be covered.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the power control system 500 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power control system 500 controls power to be supplied to equipment inside and outside the facility.
  • the power control system 500 includes a control device 100, a regenerative air conditioning system 200, and a charger 300 for EV charging. Note that other power consuming devices installed in the facility (for example, lighting, showcases, etc.) are omitted.
  • the control device 100 controls the regenerative air conditioning system 200.
  • the control device 100 includes a database 110, a prediction unit 120, a level determination unit 130, and a control unit 140. These configurations can be realized by an arbitrary processor, memory, or other LSI in terms of hardware, and can be realized by a program loaded in the memory in terms of software, but here by their cooperation.
  • Draw functional blocks Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that these functional blocks can be realized in various forms by hardware only, software only, or a combination thereof.
  • the database 110 holds historical data on the amount of EV charging power in the facility. For example, measurement data for the past several months is generated using, for example, a month (may be a season unit), a day of the week, a time zone, a weather condition, and an EV charging power amount as keys.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a table constructed in the database 110 according to the embodiment.
  • the table includes, as items, a month, a day of the week, a time zone, a weather condition, and an average value of the EV charging electric energy (in FIG. 3, an average value for each hour).
  • the month, the day of the week, and the time zone can be acquired from a date distribution server connected via a network (for example, the Internet).
  • the weather situation can be acquired from a weather information distribution server connected via a network.
  • the EV charging power amount can be acquired from the charger 300.
  • temperature and humidity may be specified as weather conditions.
  • the prediction unit 120 refers to the database 110 to predict the amount of charging power charged from the charger 300 to the EV. More specifically, the EV charging power amount for each month, day of the week, time zone, and weather condition corresponding to the forecast target date is acquired from the database 110, and the forecast for the forecast target date is acquired from the weather information distribution server. By doing this, the EV charging electric energy according to the time zone of the said prediction object day is estimated.
  • the level determination unit 130 divides the predicted value of the EV charging power amount predicted by the prediction unit 120 into levels for each time zone.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a table that defines the level division for using the heat storage energy according to the embodiment.
  • the predicted value of the EV charging electric energy is set to level 1 when the value is less than 15 kWh
  • level 2 is set to 15 kWh to less than 30 kWh
  • level 3 is set to 30 kWh to less than 45 kWh
  • level 4 is set to 45 kWh or more.
  • the control unit 140 controls the heat storage and heat dissipation of the heat storage type air conditioning system 200 based on the prediction result by the prediction unit 120. More specifically, the control unit 140 increases the usage amount of the cold energy as the predicted power consumption amount is larger than that of other levels.
  • the timing at which the heat storage energy can be used is the time zone when the air conditioner is on and other than during the heat storage. Usually, since heat storage is performed at midnight, it is a daytime (daytime) time zone.
  • the thermal storage air conditioning system 200 includes a thermal storage unit 10, an outdoor unit 20, and an indoor unit 30.
  • the outdoor unit 20 and the indoor unit 30 form one set, and these sets are hereinafter referred to as one system.
  • an example in which the outdoor unit 20 and the indoor unit (two indoor units in the figure) 30 are installed in four systems will be described. That is, an example in which four systems of air conditioners are installed will be described.
  • the number of air conditioners corresponds to the number of systems.
  • the heat storage unit 10 includes a condenser 11, a compressor 12, a heat storage tank 13, an expansion valve 15, an on-off valve 16, a heat exchanger 17, an on-off valve 18, and a heat exchanger 19.
  • the heat storage tank 13 includes an evaporator 14.
  • a refrigerant circulation path is formed between the compressor 12, the condenser 11, the expansion valve 15, and the evaporator 14, and ice is made in the heat storage tank 13 by circulating the refrigerant through the path.
  • a main chilled water circulation path is formed starting from the heat storage tank 13, and a sub chilled water circulation path passing through the heat exchanger 17 is connected to the path via an on-off valve 16.
  • an on-off valve 16 By opening the on-off valve 16, cold water can flow through the cold water circulation path in the heat exchanger 17.
  • the on-off valve 18 and the heat exchanger 19 have the same configuration as the on-off valve 16 and the heat exchanger 17.
  • the outdoor unit 20a includes an on-off valve 21a, a condenser 22a, and a compressor 23a.
  • the indoor unit 30a includes an on-off valve 31a, an expansion valve 32a, an evaporator 33a, an expansion valve 34a, and an evaporator 35a.
  • the compressor 23a, the condenser 22a, the on-off valve 31a, the first path (series path of the expansion valve 32a and the evaporator 33a) and the second path (series path of the expansion valve 34a and the evaporator 35a) branched in parallel are annular.
  • the main refrigerant circulation path connected to is formed.
  • a sub refrigerant circulation path passing through the inside of the heat exchanger 17 is connected to the path through an on-off valve 21a. Heat storage energy can be acquired from the heat exchanger 17 by opening the on-off valve 21a.
  • the other systems (only the outdoor unit 20d and the indoor unit 30d are illustrated in FIG. 2) have the same configuration.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram for explaining a status when heat storage energy is not used in the heat storage type air conditioning system 200.
  • the on-off valve 21a is closed and the on-off valve 31a is opened. That is, the refrigerant circulates through the main refrigerant circulation path (see the thick line in FIG. 5), and energy is not supplied from the heat exchanger 17.
  • the air conditioner operates only with electric power from the commercial power source.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram for explaining the status during heat storage in the heat storage type air conditioning system 200.
  • the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant circulation path (see the thick line in FIG. 6) in which the compressor 12, the condenser 11, the expansion valve 15, and the evaporator 14 are connected in an annular shape, and ice is formed in the heat storage tank 13.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining the status when the heat storage energy is used for only one system in the heat storage air conditioning system 200.
  • the on-off valve 21a is opened and the on-off valve 31a is closed. That is, the compressor 23a, the condenser 22a, the on-off valve 21a, the heat exchanger 17, the first path (series path of the expansion valve 32a and the evaporator 33a) and the second path (expansion valve 34a and the evaporator) branched in parallel.
  • a refrigerant circulation path in which the 35a series path) is connected in a ring shape is formed.
  • energy is supplied from the heat exchanger 17.
  • the on-off valve 21d is closed and the on-off valve 31d is opened. That is, the compressor 23d, the condenser 22d, the on-off valve 31d, the first path branched in parallel (series path of the expansion valve 32d and the evaporator 33d) and the second path (series path of the expansion valve 34d and the evaporator 35d).
  • a refrigerant circulation path is formed in which are connected in a ring shape. In this system, energy is not replenished from the heat exchanger 19, and the air conditioner is operated only by electric power from the commercial power source.
  • the control unit 140 can reduce the commercial power supplied to the regenerative air conditioning system 200 by increasing the number of systems that use the stored energy as the level determined by the level determining unit 130 is higher. .
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram for explaining a case where the refrigerant flow rate control is performed in the regenerative air conditioning system 200.
  • a pump 24a and an on-off valve 25a are further added to the outdoor unit 20a (see FIG. 2).
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 17 is controlled to be less than 100%.
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 19 is controlled to 100%.
  • the on-off valve 21a and the on-off valve 25a are opened, and the on-off valve 31a is closed.
  • the refrigerant flow path in which the series path of the vessel 35a is connected in an annular shape is formed, and the pumping capacity of the pump 24a is controlled to 50%, for example, so that the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 17 is controlled to 50%. Is done.
  • the remaining 50% flow rate passes through the on-off valve 25a.
  • the on-off valve 21d is opened, and the on-off valve 25d and the on-off valve 31d are closed.
  • the refrigerant circulation path in which the series path of the vessel 35a is connected in an annular shape is formed, and the pumping capacity of the pump 24d is controlled to 100%, whereby the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 19 is controlled to 100%.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant can be controlled by changing the refrigerant flow rate.
  • the controller 140 can reduce the temperature of the refrigerant by changing the ratio of the amount of refrigerant circulating in the heat storage tank in the heat storage type air conditioning system 200 and the amount of refrigerant not circulating in the heat storage tank.
  • the supplied commercial power can be reduced. That is, since part or all of the refrigerating capacity can be covered by the heat storage energy, power consumption can be reduced.
  • the thick line in FIG. 8 indicates the chilled water circulation path in which the heat storage tank 13, the on-off valve 16, the heat exchanger 17, the on-off valve 18 and the heat exchanger 19 are connected in a ring shape, and the refrigerant circulation path of each system passing through each heat exchanger. Show. Note that the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through each heat exchanger is different.
  • FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining a case where the flow rate control of the cold water is performed in the regenerative air conditioning system 200.
  • the heat storage unit 10 is provided with a pump 16 a instead of the on-off valve 16.
  • the thick line in FIG. 9 indicates the chilled water circulation path in which the heat storage tank 13, the on-off valve 16, the heat exchanger 17, the on-off valve 18 and the heat exchanger 19 are connected in a ring shape, and the refrigerant circulation path of each system passing through each heat exchanger. Show. Note that the flow rate of cold water passing through each heat exchanger is different.
  • the flow rate of the cold water passing through the heat exchanger 17 is controlled to 50% by controlling the pumping capacity of the pump 16a to 50%, for example.
  • the flow rate of the cold water passing through the heat exchanger 19 is controlled to 100% by controlling the pumping capacity of the pump 18d to 100%.
  • the control unit 140 can reduce the temperature of the refrigerant by changing the ratio of the flow rate of the cold water circulating to the heat storage tank in the heat storage air conditioning system 200 and the flow rate of the cold water not circulating to the heat storage tank.
  • the commercial power supplied to 200 can be reduced. That is, since part or all of the refrigerating capacity can be covered by the heat storage energy, power consumption can be reduced.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining heat storage control by the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention. This heat storage control is executed in a time zone (22:00 to 8:00) where the power consumption of the facility is small and the electricity bill is inexpensive.
  • the prediction unit 120 predicts the transition of the EV charging power amount on the next day using the method described above (S10).
  • the control unit 140 determines the amount of heat stored in the heat storage tank based on the transition of the EV charging power amount (S11).
  • the controller 140 sets the configuration of the heat storage unit as shown in FIG. 6 (S12).
  • the heat storage unit starts heat storage (S13). That is, ice making to the heat storage tank is started.
  • FIG. 11 is a flowchart for explaining a first example of heat storage energy use control by the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • This heat storage energy use control is executed in the time zone from 8:00 to 22:00.
  • the heat storage energy utilization control according to the first example is executed by controlling the number of systems. As described above, four systems are assumed in the present embodiment.
  • the control unit 140 determines whether or not the heat storage energy can be used ( S22). When it cannot be used (for example, when the stored energy is used up) (N in S22), the air conditioner is operated using commercial power (S23).
  • the control unit 140 confirms the above level (see FIG. 4 above) (S24).
  • level 1 one of the four systems is operated using heat storage energy (S25).
  • level 2 two of the four systems are operated using heat storage energy (S26). Of these, three systems are operated using heat storage energy (S27), and in the case of level 4, all four systems are operated using heat storage energy (S28). Systems that do not operate using heat storage energy are operated by commercial power.
  • FIG. 12 is a flowchart for explaining a second example of heat storage energy use control by the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat storage energy use control according to the second example is executed by refrigerant flow rate control.
  • Steps S30 to S33 in the flowchart according to the second example are the same as steps S20 to S23 in the flowchart according to the first example, and thus description thereof is omitted.
  • the control unit 140 confirms the above level (S34).
  • level 1 the refrigerant flow rate to one heat exchanger among the four systems is set to 100%, and the refrigerant flow rate to the three heat exchangers is set to 50% (S35).
  • level 2 the refrigerant flow rate to the two heat exchangers out of the four lines is set to 100%, and the refrigerant flow rate to the two heat exchangers is set to 50% (S36).
  • the refrigerant flow rate to the three heat exchangers of the four systems is set to 100%, and the refrigerant flow rate to the one system heat exchanger is set to 50% (S37).
  • level 4 the refrigerant flow rates to all four heat exchangers are set to 100% (S38).
  • the EV charge power amount is predicted, and the energy stored in the heat storage air-conditioning system is used in the time zone when the EV charge power amount increases, so that The peak power consumption can be suppressed and the power consumption of the facility can be leveled. Further, by storing heat at night when the power rate is low and using the stored energy during EV charging in the daytime, the total electricity rate can be reduced.
  • the level determination unit 130 performs the level division based on the predicted value of the amount of electric power charged to the EV.
  • the level determination unit 130 includes the maximum power consumption amount of the facility per unit time, the predicted value of the electric energy charged to the EV per unit time, the predicted value of the power consumption amount of the regenerative air conditioning system 200, and the facility.
  • the ratio of the predicted value of the power consumption of other devices to the total power consumption is divided into levels.
  • a weighting factor based on the outside air temperature or COP (Coefficient Of Performance) may be applied to the predicted value of the EV charging electric energy.
  • the predicted value of the power consumption amount of the heat storage type air conditioning system 200 and the predicted value of the power consumption amount of other devices are also generated by constructing a measurement data table in the same manner as the EV charging power amount shown in FIG. Is possible.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a table that defines the level division for using the heat storage energy according to the first modification.
  • the predicted power consumption per hour [kWh / h] predicted value of EV charging power per hour + heat storage per hour relative to the maximum power consumption [kWh / h] in the facility per hour
  • the level is divided according to the ratio of the predicted value of the power consumption of the air conditioning system 200 + the predicted value of the power consumption of other devices).
  • the ratio is less than 70%, it is set as level 1, 70% or more to less than 80% as level 2, 80% or more to less than 90% as level 3, and 90% or more as level 4.
  • FIGS. 14A and 14B are diagrams for explaining the charge / discharge method according to the first modification.
  • the graph of FIG. 14A shows a level division line for the maximum power consumption in the facility.
  • the graph of FIG.14 (b) has shown the example when the control part 140 utilizes the thermal storage energy according to the said level for every time slot
  • FIG. 14A shows a level division line for the maximum power consumption in the facility.
  • the graph of FIG.14 (b) has shown the example when the control part 140 utilizes the thermal storage energy according to the said level for every time slot
  • the heat storage air conditioning system 200 can be controlled based on more detailed prediction, the maximum peak power amount of the facility can be suppressed with higher accuracy.
  • the level determining unit 130 calculates the total power consumption of the maximum power consumption of the facility per unit time, the predicted value of the charged power amount to the EV per unit time, and the predicted value of the power consumption amount of the heat storage air conditioning system 200.
  • the ratio of the quantity may be divided into levels. In this case, the accuracy of suppressing the maximum peak power amount is lower than that of the first modification, but it is not necessary to collect the measurement data of the power consumption amount of the other devices, so that the configuration can be simplified. .
  • the heat storage tank 13 includes an evaporator 14, a heat exchanger 17, and a heat exchanger 19.
  • a refrigerant circulation path in which the compressor 23 a, the condenser 22 a, the on-off valve 16 b, the expansion valve 15 a and the evaporator 14 are connected in an annular shape is formed, and ice is made in the heat storage tank 13.
  • ice may be made in the heat storage tank 13 by a refrigerant circulation path in which the compressor 23b, the condenser 22b, the on-off valve 18b, the expansion valve 15b, and the evaporator 14 are connected on the ring.
  • the configuration of the heat storage unit 10 can be simplified by sharing the heat exchanger among a plurality of systems.
  • FIGS. 16A and 16B are diagrams for explaining the charge / discharge method according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the graph of FIG. 16A shows the transition of the daily power consumption of a certain facility.
  • the power consumption of the facility is considered by dividing it into the power consumption of the showcase, the EV charging power, and the power consumption of other devices.
  • the maximum peak power amount of the facility becomes larger than before the introduction.
  • the conventional method of predicting the transition of the air conditioning load and using the heat storage energy cannot sufficiently suppress the maximum peak power amount of the facility.
  • the graph of FIG.16 (b) shows transition of the said electric power consumption after applying the charging / discharging method which concerns on embodiment of this invention.
  • the transition of the EV charging power amount is predicted, and the heat storage energy is used in a time zone when the EV charging power amount becomes large.
  • the optimum amount of heat storage energy is used based on the predicted value of the EV charging power amount for each time zone. As a result, the maximum peak power of the store can be suppressed and the power consumption can be leveled.
  • the EV charge energy is calculated as follows. Electric power required for EV quick charging is 20 kW when charging time is 30 minutes, 10 kW when charging for 1 hour, and 5 kW when charging for 2 hours.
  • the maximum power consumption of the showcase is calculated as follows.
  • the maximum power consumption of the showcase in summer is about 12 kWh when one system is composed of one refrigerator and four showcases. Therefore, the power consumption of the showcase is the number of systems ⁇ 12 kWh.
  • the charge energy of one EV corresponds to one or two showcases.
  • the power consumption of the showcase that can be reduced using heat storage energy is about 15-20% of the original power consumption. In this case, assuming that the power consumption of the showcase is 100 kWh, using the heat storage energy, the power consumption is 80 kWh.
  • the charging time is extended for about 2 EVs, the amount of charging power for about 4 EVs can be covered. Longer charging time will increase the number of EVs that can be covered.
  • FIG. 17 is a block diagram showing a configuration of a power control system 500 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the power control system 500 controls power to be supplied to equipment inside and outside the facility.
  • the power control system 500 includes a control device 100, a heat storage type showcase system 1200, and a charger 300 for EV charging. Note that other power consuming devices (for example, lighting, air conditioning, etc.) installed in the facility are omitted.
  • the control device 100 controls the heat storage type showcase system 1200.
  • the control device 100 includes a database 110, a prediction unit 120, a level determination unit 130, and a control unit 140. These configurations can be realized by an arbitrary processor, memory, or other LSI in terms of hardware, and can be realized by a program loaded in the memory in terms of software, but here by their cooperation.
  • Draw functional blocks Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that these functional blocks can be realized in various forms by hardware only, software only, or a combination thereof.
  • the database 110 holds historical data on the amount of EV charging power in the facility. For example, measurement data for the past several months is generated using, for example, a month (may be a season unit), a day of the week, a time zone, a weather condition, and an EV charging power amount as keys.
  • FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating an example of a table constructed in the database 110 according to the embodiment.
  • the table includes items such as a month, a day of the week, a time zone, a weather condition, and an average value of the EV charging electric energy (an average value every hour in FIG. 3).
  • the month, the day of the week, and the time zone can be acquired from a date distribution server connected via a network (for example, the Internet).
  • the weather situation can be acquired from a weather information distribution server connected via a network.
  • the EV charging power amount can be acquired from the charger 300.
  • temperature and humidity may be specified as weather conditions.
  • the prediction unit 120 refers to the database 110 to predict the amount of charging power charged from the charger 300 to the EV. More specifically, the EV charging power amount for each month, day of the week, time zone, and weather condition corresponding to the forecast target date is acquired from the database 110, and the forecast for the forecast target date is acquired from the weather information distribution server. By doing this, the EV charging electric energy according to the time zone of the said prediction object day is estimated.
  • the level determination unit 130 divides the predicted value of the EV charging power amount predicted by the prediction unit 120 into levels for each time zone.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating an example of a table that defines the level division for using the heat storage energy according to the embodiment.
  • the predicted value of the EV charging electric energy is set to level 1 when the value is less than 15 kWh
  • level 2 is set to 15 kWh to less than 30 kWh
  • level 3 is set to 30 kWh to less than 45 kWh
  • level 4 is set to 45 kWh or more.
  • the control unit 140 controls heat storage and heat dissipation of the heat storage type showcase system 1200 based on the prediction result by the prediction unit 120. More specifically, the control unit 140 increases the usage amount of the cold energy as the predicted power consumption amount is larger than that of other levels.
  • the timing at which the heat storage energy can be used is a time zone other than during the heat storage when the showcase is on. Usually, since heat storage is performed at midnight, it is a daytime (daytime) time zone.
  • the heat storage type showcase system 1200 includes a heat storage unit 10, a refrigerator unit 201, and a showcase unit 301.
  • the refrigerator unit 201 and the showcase unit 301 form one set, and these sets are hereinafter referred to as one system.
  • an example in which the refrigerator unit 201 and the showcase unit (two showcases in the figure) 301 are installed in four systems will be described. That is, an example in which four showcases are installed will be described.
  • the number of showcases corresponds to the number of systems.
  • the heat storage unit 10 includes a condenser 11, a compressor 12, a heat storage tank 13, an expansion valve 15, an on-off valve 16, a heat exchanger 17, an on-off valve 18, and a heat exchanger 19.
  • the heat storage tank 13 includes an evaporator 14.
  • a refrigerant circulation path is formed between the compressor 12, the condenser 11, the expansion valve 15, and the evaporator 14, and ice is made in the heat storage tank 13 by circulating the refrigerant through the path.
  • a main chilled water circulation path is formed starting from the heat storage tank 13, and a sub chilled water circulation path passing through the heat exchanger 17 is connected to the path via an on-off valve 16.
  • an on-off valve 16 By opening the on-off valve 16, cold water can flow through the cold water circulation path in the heat exchanger 17.
  • the on-off valve 18 and the heat exchanger 19 have the same configuration as the on-off valve 16 and the heat exchanger 17.
  • the refrigerator unit 201a includes an on-off valve 21a, a condenser 22a, and a compressor 23a.
  • the showcase unit 301a includes an on-off valve 31a, an expansion valve 32a, an evaporator 33a, an expansion valve 34a, and an evaporator 35a.
  • the compressor 23a, the condenser 22a, the on-off valve 31a, the first path (series path of the expansion valve 32a and the evaporator 33a) and the second path (series path of the expansion valve 34a and the evaporator 35a) branched in parallel are annular.
  • the main refrigerant circulation path connected to is formed.
  • a sub refrigerant circulation path passing through the inside of the heat exchanger 17 is connected to the path through an on-off valve 21a. Heat storage energy can be acquired from the heat exchanger 17 by opening the on-off valve 21a.
  • the other systems in FIG. 17, only the refrigerator unit 201d and the showcase unit 301d are illustrated) have the same configuration.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram for explaining a status when heat storage energy is not used in the heat storage type showcase system 1200.
  • the on-off valve 21a is closed and the on-off valve 31a is opened. That is, the refrigerant circulates through the main refrigerant circulation path (see the thick line in FIG. 18), and energy is not supplied from the heat exchanger 17.
  • the showcase is operated only by power from the commercial power source.
  • FIG. 19 is a diagram for explaining the status during heat storage in the heat storage type showcase system 1200.
  • the refrigerant circulates through the refrigerant circulation path (see the thick line in FIG. 19) in which the compressor 12, the condenser 11, the expansion valve 15 and the evaporator 14 are connected in an annular shape, and ice is formed in the heat storage tank 13.
  • FIG. 20 is a diagram for explaining a status when the heat storage energy is used for only one system in the heat storage type showcase system 1200.
  • the on-off valve 21a is opened and the on-off valve 31a is closed. That is, the compressor 23a, the condenser 22a, the on-off valve 21a, the heat exchanger 17, the first path (series path of the expansion valve 32a and the evaporator 33a) and the second path (expansion valve 34a and the evaporator) branched in parallel.
  • a refrigerant circulation path in which the 35a series path) is connected in a ring shape is formed.
  • energy is supplied from the heat exchanger 17.
  • the on-off valve 21d is closed and the on-off valve 31d is opened. That is, the compressor 23d, the condenser 22d, the on-off valve 31d, the first path branched in parallel (series path of the expansion valve 32d and the evaporator 33d) and the second path (series path of the expansion valve 34d and the evaporator 35d).
  • a refrigerant circulation path is formed in which are connected in a ring shape. In this system, energy is not replenished from the heat exchanger 19, and the air conditioner is operated only by electric power from the commercial power source.
  • the control unit 140 may reduce the commercial power supplied to the regenerative showcase system 1200 by increasing the number of systems using the stored energy as the level determined by the level determining unit 130 is higher. it can.
  • FIG. 21 is a diagram for explaining a case where the refrigerant flow rate control is performed in the heat storage type showcase system 1200.
  • a pump 24a and an on-off valve 25a are further added to the refrigerator unit 201a (see FIG. 17).
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 17 is controlled to be less than 100%.
  • the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 19 is controlled to 100%.
  • the on-off valve 21a and the on-off valve 25a are opened, and the on-off valve 31a is closed.
  • the refrigerant flow path in which the series path of the vessel 35a is connected in an annular shape is formed, and the pumping capacity of the pump 24a is controlled to 50%, for example, so that the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 17 is controlled to 50%. Is done.
  • the remaining 50% flow rate passes through the on-off valve 25a.
  • the on-off valve 21d is opened, and the on-off valve 25d and the on-off valve 31d are closed.
  • the refrigerant circulation path in which the series path of the vessel 35a is connected in an annular shape is formed, and the pumping capacity of the pump 24d is controlled to 100%, whereby the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the heat exchanger 19 is controlled to 100%.
  • the temperature of the refrigerant can be controlled by changing the refrigerant flow rate.
  • the controller 140 can reduce the temperature of the refrigerant by changing the ratio of the amount of refrigerant circulating to the heat storage tank in the heat storage type showcase system 1200 and the amount of refrigerant not circulating to the heat storage tank, and the heat storage type showcase system Commercial power supplied to 1200 can be reduced. That is, since part or all of the refrigerating capacity can be covered by the heat storage energy, power consumption can be reduced.
  • 21 indicates a chilled water circulation path in which the heat storage tank 13, the on-off valve 16, the heat exchanger 17, the on-off valve 18 and the heat exchanger 19 are connected in a ring shape, and a refrigerant circulation path of each system passing through each heat exchanger. Show. Note that the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through each heat exchanger is different.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram for explaining a case where the flow rate control of the cold water is performed in the heat storage type showcase system 1200.
  • the heat storage unit 10 is provided with a pump 16 a instead of the on-off valve 16.
  • the thick line in FIG. 22 indicates the chilled water circulation path in which the heat storage tank 13, the on-off valve 16, the heat exchanger 17, the on-off valve 18 and the heat exchanger 19 are connected in a ring shape, and the refrigerant circulation path of each system passing through each heat exchanger. Show. Note that the flow rate of cold water passing through each heat exchanger is different.
  • the flow rate of the cold water passing through the heat exchanger 17 is controlled to 50% by controlling the pumping capacity of the pump 16a to 50%, for example.
  • the flow rate of the cold water passing through the heat exchanger 19 is controlled to 100% by controlling the pumping capacity of the pump 18d to 100%.
  • the controller 140 can reduce the temperature of the refrigerant by changing the ratio of the flow rate of cold water circulating to the heat storage tank in the heat storage type showcase system 1200 and the flow rate of cold water not circulating to the heat storage tank.
  • Commercial power supplied to the case system 1200 can be reduced. That is, since part or all of the refrigerating capacity can be covered by the heat storage energy, power consumption can be reduced.
  • FIG. 10 is a flowchart for explaining heat storage control by the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention. This heat storage control is executed in a time zone (22:00 to 8:00) where the power consumption of the facility is small and the electricity bill is inexpensive.
  • the prediction unit 120 predicts the transition of the EV charging power amount on the next day using the method described above (S10).
  • the control unit 140 determines the amount of heat stored in the heat storage tank based on the transition of the EV charging power amount (S11).
  • the controller 140 sets the configuration of the heat storage unit as shown in FIG. 19 (S12).
  • the heat storage unit starts heat storage (S13). That is, ice making to the heat storage tank is started.
  • FIG. 23 is a flowchart for explaining a first example of heat storage energy use control by the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • This heat storage energy use control is executed in the time zone from 8:00 to 22:00.
  • the heat storage energy utilization control according to the first example is executed by controlling the number of systems. As described above, four systems are assumed in the present embodiment.
  • the control unit 140 determines whether or not the heat storage energy can be used ( S22). When it cannot be used (for example, when the stored energy is used up) (N in S22), the showcase is operated using commercial power (S23).
  • the control unit 140 confirms the above level (see FIG. 4 above) (S24).
  • level 1 one of the four systems is operated using heat storage energy (S25).
  • level 2 two of the four systems are operated using heat storage energy (S26). Of these, three systems are operated using heat storage energy (S27), and in the case of level 4, all four systems are operated using heat storage energy (S28). Systems that do not operate using heat storage energy are operated by commercial power.
  • FIG. 24 is a flowchart for explaining a second example of heat storage energy use control by the control device 100 according to the embodiment of the present invention.
  • the heat storage energy use control according to the second example is executed by refrigerant flow rate control.
  • Steps S30 to S33 in the flowchart according to the second example are the same as steps S20 to S23 in the flowchart according to the first example, and thus description thereof is omitted.
  • the control unit 140 confirms the above level (S34).
  • level 1 the refrigerant flow rate to one heat exchanger among the four systems is set to 100%, and the refrigerant flow rate to the three heat exchangers is set to 50% (S35).
  • level 2 the refrigerant flow rate to the two heat exchangers out of the four lines is set to 100%, and the refrigerant flow rate to the two heat exchangers is set to 50% (S36).
  • the refrigerant flow rate to the three heat exchangers of the four systems is set to 100%, and the refrigerant flow rate to the one system heat exchanger is set to 50% (S37).
  • level 4 the refrigerant flow rates to all four heat exchangers are set to 100% (S38).
  • the EV charge power amount is predicted, and the energy stored in the heat storage type showcase system is used during the time period when the EV charge power amount increases,
  • the maximum peak power consumption can be suppressed and the power consumption of the facility can be leveled.
  • the total electricity rate can be reduced.
  • the level determination unit 130 performs the level division based on the predicted value of the amount of electric power charged to the EV.
  • the level determination unit 130 includes a maximum power consumption amount of the facility per unit time, a predicted value of the charged power amount to the EV per unit time, a predicted value of the power consumption amount of the heat storage type showcase system 1200, and The ratio of the predicted value of the power consumption of other equipment in the facility to the total power consumption is divided into levels.
  • a weighting coefficient based on the outside air temperature or COP (Coefficient Of Performance) may be applied to the predicted value of the EV charging electric energy.
  • the predicted value of the power consumption amount of the heat storage type showcase system 1200 and the predicted value of the power consumption amount of other devices are also constructed by building a measurement data table in the same manner as the EV charging power amount shown in FIG. Can be generated.
  • FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a table that defines the level division for using the heat storage energy according to the first modification.
  • the predicted power consumption per hour [kWh / h] predicted value of EV charging power per hour + heat storage per hour relative to the maximum power consumption [kWh / h] in the facility per hour
  • the level is divided according to the ratio of the predicted value of the power consumption of the formula showcase system 1200 + the predicted value of the power consumption of other devices.
  • the ratio is less than 70%, it is set as level 1, 70% or more to less than 80% as level 2, 80% or more to less than 90% as level 3, and 90% or more as level 4.
  • FIGS. 25A and 25B are diagrams for explaining the charge / discharge method according to the first modification.
  • the graph in FIG. 25A shows level division lines for the maximum power consumption in the facility.
  • the graph of FIG. 25B illustrates an example in which the control unit 140 controls the power consumption of the heat storage type showcase system 1200 using the heat storage energy according to the above level for each time zone.
  • the heat storage type showcase system 1200 can be controlled based on more detailed prediction, the maximum peak power amount of the facility can be suppressed with higher accuracy.
  • the level determining unit 130 calculates the total consumption of the maximum power consumption of the facility per unit time, the predicted value of the charged power amount to the EV per unit time, and the predicted value of the power consumption of the heat storage type showcase system 1200.
  • the ratio of the amount of power may be divided into levels. In this case, the accuracy of suppressing the maximum peak power amount is lower than that of the first modification, but it is not necessary to collect the measurement data of the power consumption amount of the other devices, so that the configuration can be simplified. .
  • the heat storage tank 13 includes an evaporator 14, a heat exchanger 17, and a heat exchanger 19.
  • a refrigerant circulation path in which the compressor 23 a, the condenser 22 a, the on-off valve 16 b, the expansion valve 15 a and the evaporator 14 are connected in an annular shape is formed, and ice is made in the heat storage tank 13.
  • ice may be made in the heat storage tank 13 by a refrigerant circulation path in which the compressor 23b, the condenser 22b, the on-off valve 18b, the expansion valve 15b, and the evaporator 14 are connected on the ring.
  • the configuration of the heat storage unit 10 can be simplified by sharing the heat exchanger among a plurality of systems.
  • the power control system 500 is applied to a facility such as a store has been described.
  • the power control system 500 can also be applied to each home.
  • Example 3 The present invention can also be applied to the case where a regenerative air conditioning system and a regenerative showcase system are installed in a store.
  • the fluctuation of the air conditioning power consumption is larger than the fluctuation of the showcase power consumption. Therefore, in the heat storage type air conditioning system, the air conditioning power consumption is predicted from the outside air temperature, etc., and the air conditioning power consumption is controlled by performing the level classification as shown in FIG. Reduce the peak power consumption.
  • the amount of heat stored in the heat storage type showcase system is confirmed, and when the heat storage is available, the energy stored in the heat storage type showcase system can be used for EV charging.
  • the heat storage energy in the heat storage type air conditioning system is used for EV charging along FIG. 4 or for the entire store along FIG.
  • the power control system 500 is applied to a facility such as a store has been described.
  • the power control system 500 can also be applied to each home.
  • control device 110 database, 120 prediction unit, 130 level determination unit, 140 control unit, 200 heat storage air conditioning system, 300 charger, 500 power control system, 1200 heat storage showcase system

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

La puissance électrique de pointe maximale utilisée dans une installation peut être supprimée. Dans un dispositif de commande (100) d'un système de climatisation de type à accumulation de chaleur (200) dans une installation dans laquelle un chargeur (300) permettant de charger des véhicules électriques est installé, une unité d'estimation (120) estime la quantité d'électricité utilisée pour charger des véhicules électriques. Une unité de commande (140) commande, sur la base des résultats de l'estimation par l'unité d'estimation (120), l'accumulation de chaleur et l'évacuation de chaleur du système de climatisation de type à accumulation de chaleur (200). L'unité de commande (140) permet également de déterminer la quantité utilisée de l'énergie stockée par la chaleur dans le système de climatisation de type à accumulation de chaleur (200), selon le niveau de chaque fuseau horaire de la valeur estimée de la quantité d'électricité pour charger les véhicules électriques.
PCT/JP2011/064577 2010-06-30 2011-06-24 Système de climatisation de type à accumulation de chaleur et dispositif de commande de système de présentation de type à accumulation de chaleur WO2012002286A1 (fr)

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