WO2012001459A1 - Procédé et appareil de propulseur dans l'espace électrodynamique - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de propulseur dans l'espace électrodynamique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012001459A1
WO2012001459A1 PCT/IB2010/052975 IB2010052975W WO2012001459A1 WO 2012001459 A1 WO2012001459 A1 WO 2012001459A1 IB 2010052975 W IB2010052975 W IB 2010052975W WO 2012001459 A1 WO2012001459 A1 WO 2012001459A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
antenna
electrons
electromagnetic waves
electric
oscillations
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2010/052975
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Moacir L. Ferreira, Jr.
Original Assignee
L Ferreira Moacir Jr
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by L Ferreira Moacir Jr filed Critical L Ferreira Moacir Jr
Priority to PCT/IB2010/052975 priority Critical patent/WO2012001459A1/fr
Publication of WO2012001459A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012001459A1/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/40—Arrangements or adaptations of propulsion systems
    • B64G1/409—Unconventional spacecraft propulsion systems
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/66—Arrangements or adaptations of apparatus or instruments, not otherwise provided for
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64G—COSMONAUTICS; VEHICLES OR EQUIPMENT THEREFOR
    • B64G1/00—Cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/22—Parts of, or equipment specially adapted for fitting in or to, cosmonautic vehicles
    • B64G1/42—Arrangements or adaptations of power supply systems
    • B64G1/421—Non-solar power generation
    • B64G1/422—Nuclear power generation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a method and apparatus which use phase-shifted electric oscillations for generating a linear thrust force in free space.
  • Propulsion in space occurs generally by expelling reaction mass, in accordance with Newton's third law of motion, commonly paraphrased as: "For every action force there is an equal, but opposite, reaction force” or in other words "action and reaction are always equal and opposite".
  • Inertial Propulsion Engine also known as the reactionless drive or inertia drive, which uses motion of internal masses to create a net thrust
  • reactionless drive or inertia drive which uses motion of internal masses to create a net thrust
  • a wave needs a means to propagate, in a waveguide, such means is the resulting electric field inside the waveguide interspace, which is in a particular electrostatic equilibrium, thus oscillations on electron orbit in the waveguide walls, transfer energy propagating the wave by perturbing such means, this can be applicable to optical fiber, metallic and dielectric waveguides.
  • electromagnetic wave propagates in the outer space in TEM mode (Transverse ElectroMagnetic), while inside waveguide, propagates in either TE mode (Transverse Electric), TM mode (Transverse Magnetic), or in hybrid modes.
  • Electromagnetic (EM) interactions well-known premises:
  • Transverse waves having a high frequency may exhibit wave-particle duality, exhibiting properties of both waves and particles, as particles they have no mass, but may have insignificant momentum proportional to their frequency.
  • spectrums below THz can be considered only as waves.
  • magnetic fields are generated by variation on electric fields and vice-versa; hence, for simplification, sometimes electromagnetic waves can simply be referred as electric waves, to analyze it only from the electric field point of view to facilitate a preliminary comprehension of transverse waves.
  • each impulse drive acting as dipole antennas, spaced-apart along a length (L), each impulse drive fed with phase-shifted pulses, having the frequency (f) of said pulses greater than or equal to ratio of the speed of electromagnetic waves (c) in free space to length of the array (f > c/L), with the array acting as a linear motor, there will be a higher probability of an effective net thrust be produced.
  • the net thrust force is expected to be produced because the speed of electrodynamic waves is limited staying below of the speed of the sequenced pattern produced by the phase-shifted oscillations.
  • the phase-shifted oscillations sequentially produces a transverse force, generating a sequenced pattern, which can produce a longitudinal force in the nearby universe, thereby creating a strong electrodynamic drag for sustaining the motion, providing an enormous chance of creating a net thrust force in the outer space.
  • the present invention was made in view of the prior art drawbacks described above, and the object of the present invention is to provide a workable method and apparatus to create thrust force in free space without transgressing the classical physics laws.
  • the present invention provides an apparatus and method for creating net thrust force using an array of spaced-apart phase-shifted electric oscillations in order to produce an interpolation to modulate a sequenced virtual electric wave pattern a little faster than a normal electrodynamic wave in free space, which is mathematically true by following equation: (f > c/L), where f is frequency, c is the speed of electromagnetic wave in vacuum, and L is the array length.
  • FIG. 1 is an illustration of an embodiment for producing and radiating electric oscillations comprised of an electron source, a power supply, and a set of electron beam collectors;
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-section taken of the embodiment of FIG. 1 to clarity the electron emission, acceleration, deceleration and recovering;
  • FIG. 3 is an illustration of a preferred embodiment for producing phased electric oscillations comprised of an array of the embodiment of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 4 is an illustration of an alternative embodiment for radiating phased electric oscillations comprised of an array of dipole antenna
  • FIG. 5 is an illustration of another alternative embodiment for radiating phased electric oscillations comprised of an array of folded dipole antenna
  • FIG. 6 is still an illustration of another alternative embodiment for radiating phased electric oscillations comprised of an array of loop antenna
  • FIG. 7 is an illustration of a fusion-powered spacecraft using the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3 as a means of propulsion;
  • FIG. 8 is a diagram block comprising an oscillator, an amplifier, and six phase shifters.
  • FIG. 1 An embodiment for producing and radiating electric oscillations, constituting an impulse drive, is shown in FIG. 1, comprised by an electron source 79, preferably having a control grid, a wire 40 for controlling electron beam current, an insulating casing 96, a high voltage power supply 75, a set of electron beam collectors 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92 and 94, and their respective insulators 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 and 93.
  • the power supply 75 having a plurality of positive terminals, each terminal connected to each electron beam collector.
  • the power supply negative terminal is connected via wire 59 to the electron source.
  • a main support 99, a top support 97, and bottom support 98, is to sustain the assembly.
  • FIG. 2 A cross-section taken of FIG. 1, is shown in FIG. 2, to clarify the assembly of the electron source 79, and the set of electron beam collectors 82, 84, 86, 88, 90, 92 and 94, and their respective insulators 83, 85, 87, 89, 91 and 93, coaxially disposed along the longitudinal axis of the assembly.
  • Electron beam collectors and multistage depressed collectors are well-known technologies (US patent: 3925701, 3993925, 6909235 and 3662212) used in the traveling-wave tube (TWT) which is an electronic device used to amplify radio frequency signals to high power.
  • TWT traveling-wave tube
  • the purpose of the collectors is for recapturing the spent electron beam recovering most of the energy remaining in the beam.
  • the beam collector technology can be freely dimensioned and adjusted to being used within the (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2) embodiment.
  • the insulating casing 96 can be comprised of a toroid-shaped cavity resonator, similar to Klystron, a microwave technology, to maximize the power radiating efficiency, and the electron source 79 can optionally be comprised of Lanthanum
  • tungsten wire instead of a conventional using tungsten wire.
  • FEAC Field Emitter Array Cathode
  • FIG. 3 A preferred embodiment for creating a linear thrust force is shown in FIG. 3, comprised by an array of twelve impulse drives (FIG. 1), six at left 97, 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, and six at right 54, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, preferably disposed inline, symmetrically and equally spaced-apart, laying on support 95.
  • twelve impulse drives FIG. 1
  • FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment for creating a linear thrust force is shown in FIG. 3, comprised by an array of twelve impulse drives (FIG. 1), six at left 97, 23, 27, 29, 31, 33, and six at right 54, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, preferably disposed inline, symmetrically and equally spaced-apart, laying on support 95.
  • FIG. 7 A fusion-powered spacecraft (weight: 500000kg, height: 30m, diameter: 15m) using the preferred embodiment of FIG. 3 as thruster is shown in FIG. 7, wherein three thruster represented by supports 95, 25 and 35, are equally spaced at an angle of 120° to sustain the base 39 which sustain a hull 55, preferably made of an aluminum alloy of at least 10 cm of thickness to protect against outer space radiation.
  • the energy source can be supplied by a nuclear fusion reactor, already disclosed as "MAGNETIC AND ELECTROSTATIC NUCLEAR FUSION REACTOR” (PCT/IB2008/054254), comprised by six superconducting magnets 9 sustaining each other at arc-shaped injector belt 12, six core insulator 10 isolating the magnets to armature 20, three supports 58 equally spaced at an angle of 120° for withstanding the assembly, a battery bank 42, steam turbine 43, condenser 51, coolant pipe 21, acceleration power supply 46, and electrical transformer 36, further illustrating an array of ion bean collectors 76 and their respective insulators 77, a cover 78 for outputting fusion byproducts.
  • a nuclear fusion reactor already disclosed as "MAGNETIC AND ELECTROSTATIC NUCLEAR FUSION REACTOR” (PCT/IB2008/054254), comprised by six superconducting magnets 9 sustaining each other at arc-shaped injector belt 12, six core insulator 10
  • the array of ions collectors are positioned at the six outputs for decelerating, recombining, and, with a multistage electric configuration, converting the kinetic energy from fusion charged byproducts into electric energy to power the thrusters. Unburned byproducts can be recycled for refueling the fusion reactor.
  • Phased array antennas are well-known technologies (US patent: 3680109, 5623270 and 6611230), this disclosure diverge a little from phased array technology regarding purpose and dipoles arrangement. This disclosure disposes dipoles, as transverse impulse drives, for creating thrust, while the phased array technology the dipoles are disposed in accordance with transmission of radio waves.
  • FIG. 8 A diagram block for generating phased electric oscillations is shown in FIG. 8, comprised by, from left to right, an oscillator, an amplifier, and an array of six time-delay phase shifter. From top to bottom, each time- delay phase shifter translate phase angle respectively into 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 300°.
  • the amplifier can be a TWT, Klystron, or a
  • FIG. 4 A basic or alternative embodiment, in transverse electric mode, is shown in FIG. 4, illustrating a sequence, first dipole 41 and last dipole antenna 44, forming an array of twelve dipole antenna, preferably inline and equally spaced-apart, laying on support 56.
  • FIG. 5 Another variation of the alternative embodiment is shown in FIG. 5, comprised by an array of twelve folded dipole antenna, first antenna 71, last antenna 72, laying on support 57.
  • FIG. 6 Still another variation of the alternative embodiment, in transverse magnetic mode, is shown in FIG. 6, comprised by an array of six loop antenna, first antenna 73, last antenna 74, laying on support 70.
  • the array of loop antenna is similar to a linear motor with single-coils, and as is widely known, the linear motor is similar to a three-phase rotary electric AC motor having its electromagnets (each electromagnet is a pair of magnetic poles) unwrapped and laid out side by side, to produce a linear thrust force.
  • each a pair of poles are fed with phase angles 120° apart, respectively each dipole antenna having angles of 0°, 120°, 240°, 0°, 120°, 240°, 0°, 120°, 240°, 0°, 120°, 240°, 0°, 120°, 240°, that is a three-phase system with four pairs of poles per phase.
  • the frequency should be greater than or equal to ratio of the speed of electromagnetic waves in free space to length of the array times the number of pairs of poles per phase (f > (c/L) x p), where f is frequency, c is the speed of electric wave in vacuum, L is the array length, and p is the number of pairs of poles per phase (a pair of poles is a dipole).
  • each dipole antenna having phase angles 30° apart, respectively
  • phased electric oscillations sequentially produce a transverse force, generating the sequenced pattern, consequently, producing a longitudinal force, creating a strong electrodynamic drag for sustaining the motion, producing the net thrust force in the outer space, independently of the interspace distance.
  • number of poles can be one, number of phases must be at least three, also the number of dipole antennas must be at least three, and with one pair of poles per phase the equation can be simplified to (f>(c/L)), constituting a preferred equation.
  • the array of folded dipole antenna illustrated in FIG. 5 works similarly as already explained in FIG. 4, both in transverse electric mode, differing regarding their impedances, as well it works for other types such as loop antenna, helical antenna, rhombic antenna, beverage antenna and microwave antenna.
  • the array of loop antenna illustrated in FIG. 6 is an example in transverse magnetic mode; it is the closest correlation with a conventional linear AC motor.
  • the proposed variation of a TWT as the preferred transverse impulse drive (FIG. 1 and FIG. 2), has the electron source 79 for emitting electrons that are accelerated toward the positive potential applied at collector 82, and successively being decelerated by the collectors 84, 86, 88, 90, 92 and 94, until the electrons land softly on collectors going to power supply 75, and again going via wire 59 to the electron source, creating powerful electric oscillations.
  • the wire 40(FIG. 1) is for applying a signal of phase-shifted oscillations to control the electron source 97.
  • This transverse impulse drive can be considered as a pair of poles, although asymmetric in comparison to a dipole antenna.
  • each transverse impulse drive 97, 23, 27, 29, 31, and 33, at left side can be considered as an array of pairs of asymmetrical poles, having phase angles 60° apart, respectively each one having angles of 0°, 60°, 120°, 180°, 240°, and 300°, that is a six-phase system with one pair of asymmetrical poles per phase.
  • the transverse impulse drive at right side 54, 26, 28, 30, 32, and 34 are similar to the left side, they are for compensating possible transverse displacement of the assembly due to its dipole asymmetry, for example, each one can be either in-phase 0°, contra-phase 180°, or out of phase 90°, regarding its peer at left side, to compensate rotation, sideway shifting, and vibration.
  • a frequency at least 30 M Hz will be enough for generating a linear net force.
  • propulsion method with higher exhaust velocities is more propellant- efficient; however, power consumption increases with the square of the exhaust velocity; hence, using direct aneutronic fusion propulsion, having its exhausting byproducts (11.49254xl0 6 m/s) as the reaction mass from hydrogen-boron-11 (66 TJ/kg) fusion reaction :
  • the power consumption will be 57.46MWatts per kilogram to achieve an acceleration of 10 m/s 2 ( ⁇ 1 g-force).
  • the electrodynamic thruster will consume a million times less power to thrust a spacecraft, assuming it with 100% of efficiency without electromagnetic losses.
  • many losses will occur, but even with losses, it is expected to be more efficient than conventional propulsion by expelling reaction mass, that which was to be demonstrated.
  • the electrodynamic thruster of this invention evolves an improved propulsion concept, that can be used to thrust, for example, solar-powered satellites and fusion-powered spacecrafts, at very high performance levels, exceeding conventional means by factors of a million; and also it is relatively inexpensive; system performance is competitive; having a scalability of size and power, easier engineering and maintainability.

Abstract

L'invention porte sur un procédé et sur un appareil pour produire une force de poussée linéaire, lesquels comprennent un groupement d'oscillations électriques déphasées ayant une fréquence supérieure ou égale au rapport de la vitesse d'ondes électromagnétiques dans l'espace libre à la longueur du groupement (f ≥ c/L). Utilisé à des fréquences et à des puissances adéquates, ce dispositif peut produire des niveaux hautement efficaces de force de poussée pour propulser des vaisseaux spatiaux et des satellites avec une faible consommation d'énergie. Il comprend de plus un amplificateur adapté aux besoins pour produire et rayonner des oscillations électriques puissantes par accélération, décélération et reprise d'électrons, produisant plusieurs mégawatts de puissance de poussée.
PCT/IB2010/052975 2010-06-30 2010-06-30 Procédé et appareil de propulseur dans l'espace électrodynamique WO2012001459A1 (fr)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106184822A (zh) * 2016-04-18 2016-12-07 刘德智 利用安培力的推进方式

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US2949550A (en) 1957-07-03 1960-08-16 Whitehall Rand Inc Electrokinetic apparatus
US3130945A (en) 1959-08-31 1964-04-28 Electronatom Corp Ionocraft
US3662212A (en) 1970-07-15 1972-05-09 Sperry Rand Corp Depressed electron beam collector
US3680109A (en) 1970-08-20 1972-07-25 Raytheon Co Phased array
US3925701A (en) 1973-11-08 1975-12-09 Siemens Ag Electron beam collector electrode for an electron beam tube
US3993925A (en) 1974-10-21 1976-11-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electron beam collector for transit time tubes
US5027125A (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-06-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Semi-active phased array antenna
US5546743A (en) 1994-12-08 1996-08-20 Conner; Paul H. Electron propulsion unit
US5623270A (en) 1994-10-12 1997-04-22 Riverside Research Institute Phased array antenna
US6098924A (en) 1999-01-23 2000-08-08 California State University, Fullerton Foundation Method and apparatus for generating propulsive forces without the ejection of propellant
US6193194B1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-02-27 Michael A. Minovitch Magnetic propulsion system and operating method
US6317310B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2001-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Apparatus and method for generating thrust using a two dimensional, asymmetrical capacitor module
US6492784B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2002-12-10 Gravitec, Inc. Propulsion device and method employing electric fields for producing thrust
US6611230B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2003-08-26 Harris Corporation Phased array antenna having phase shifters with laterally spaced phase shift bodies
US20040032295A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Power regulator for intermittent use of traveling wave tube amplifiers in communications satellites
US6745980B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2004-06-08 Rupert T. Neff Unbalanced gyroscopic apparatus for producing unidirectional thrust

Patent Citations (17)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2949550A (en) 1957-07-03 1960-08-16 Whitehall Rand Inc Electrokinetic apparatus
US3130945A (en) 1959-08-31 1964-04-28 Electronatom Corp Ionocraft
US3662212A (en) 1970-07-15 1972-05-09 Sperry Rand Corp Depressed electron beam collector
US3680109A (en) 1970-08-20 1972-07-25 Raytheon Co Phased array
US3925701A (en) 1973-11-08 1975-12-09 Siemens Ag Electron beam collector electrode for an electron beam tube
US3993925A (en) 1974-10-21 1976-11-23 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electron beam collector for transit time tubes
US5027125A (en) * 1989-08-16 1991-06-25 Hughes Aircraft Company Semi-active phased array antenna
US5623270A (en) 1994-10-12 1997-04-22 Riverside Research Institute Phased array antenna
US5546743A (en) 1994-12-08 1996-08-20 Conner; Paul H. Electron propulsion unit
US6193194B1 (en) 1998-09-01 2001-02-27 Michael A. Minovitch Magnetic propulsion system and operating method
US6098924A (en) 1999-01-23 2000-08-08 California State University, Fullerton Foundation Method and apparatus for generating propulsive forces without the ejection of propellant
US6492784B1 (en) 1999-03-05 2002-12-10 Gravitec, Inc. Propulsion device and method employing electric fields for producing thrust
US6317310B1 (en) 2000-03-08 2001-11-13 The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration Apparatus and method for generating thrust using a two dimensional, asymmetrical capacitor module
US6611230B2 (en) 2000-12-11 2003-08-26 Harris Corporation Phased array antenna having phase shifters with laterally spaced phase shift bodies
US6745980B2 (en) 2002-06-20 2004-06-08 Rupert T. Neff Unbalanced gyroscopic apparatus for producing unidirectional thrust
US20040032295A1 (en) * 2002-08-14 2004-02-19 Lockheed Martin Corporation Power regulator for intermittent use of traveling wave tube amplifiers in communications satellites
US6909235B2 (en) 2002-08-14 2005-06-21 Lockheed Martin Corporation Power regulator for intermittent use of traveling wave tube amplifiers in communications satellites

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106184822A (zh) * 2016-04-18 2016-12-07 刘德智 利用安培力的推进方式

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