WO2012000795A1 - Electric vehicle - Google Patents

Electric vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012000795A1
WO2012000795A1 PCT/EP2011/059984 EP2011059984W WO2012000795A1 WO 2012000795 A1 WO2012000795 A1 WO 2012000795A1 EP 2011059984 W EP2011059984 W EP 2011059984W WO 2012000795 A1 WO2012000795 A1 WO 2012000795A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vehicle
electric
motor
wheel
electric motor
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/059984
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Metin Ersoy
Original Assignee
Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Zf Friedrichshafen Ag filed Critical Zf Friedrichshafen Ag
Publication of WO2012000795A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012000795A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L7/00—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general
    • B60L7/24—Electrodynamic brake systems for vehicles in general with additional mechanical or electromagnetic braking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60T—VEHICLE BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF; BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEMS OR PARTS THEREOF, IN GENERAL; ARRANGEMENT OF BRAKING ELEMENTS ON VEHICLES IN GENERAL; PORTABLE DEVICES FOR PREVENTING UNWANTED MOVEMENT OF VEHICLES; VEHICLE MODIFICATIONS TO FACILITATE COOLING OF BRAKES
    • B60T13/00—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems
    • B60T13/74—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive
    • B60T13/741—Transmitting braking action from initiating means to ultimate brake actuator with power assistance or drive; Brake systems incorporating such transmitting means, e.g. air-pressure brake systems with electrical assistance or drive acting on an ultimate actuator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D55/24—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member
    • F16D55/26—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes with a plurality of axially-movable discs, lamellae, or pads, pressed from one side towards an axially-located member without self-tightening action
    • F16D55/36—Brakes with a plurality of rotating discs all lying side by side
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K7/00—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel
    • B60K7/0007—Disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel the motor being electric
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D55/00—Brakes with substantially-radial braking surfaces pressed together in axial direction, e.g. disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0004—Parts or details of disc brakes
    • F16D2055/0058—Fully lined, i.e. braking surface extending over the entire disc circumference
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16D—COUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2121/00—Type of actuator operation force
    • F16D2121/18—Electric or magnetic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric vehicle with a vehicle body, at least one mounted on the vehicle body and at least one
  • Vehicle wheel having vehicle axle, at least one electric motor by means of which the at least one vehicle is driven, and at least one mechanical wheel brake, by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel is braked.
  • a braking system for a vehicle with an electric motor with an actuated brake actuator wherein the brake system comprises a mechanical brake.
  • the brake system has an electric brake, wherein in response to an actuation of the brake operating device, initially only the electric brake and then the mechanical brake can be activated.
  • DE 10 2007 055 935 A1 discloses an electrically operated vehicle with a motor generator, by means of which a rotational force can be recorded / transmitted from / to a wheel
  • Power supply and the motor generator can be carried out such that the motor generator torque corresponding to a
  • Generator control section by means of which the torque command value of the motor generator can be generated in a regenerative braking operation at least according to a braking operation by a driver, wherein the generator control section for the A torque command value in the regenerative braking operation during downhill travel and during travel on a flat road in accordance with the same brake operation based on a road inclination detected by the inclination detecting section continuously imposes a limitation such that an absolute value of the
  • Torque command value during downhill travel is less than during travel on a flat road.
  • Electric drive related components such as e.g. an electric motor, an electric motor control and a battery for
  • the chassis of an electric vehicle ve next to a wheel, a wheel module, a wheel guide and a suspension / damping also have a conventional wheel brake, although by the possibility of electric
  • Brake assistance could be significantly lower than non-electric vehicles. By maintaining today's brake system components, there are no cost, weight and space savings to be made with respect to the brake system.
  • the present invention seeks to be able to simplify the braking system in an electric vehicle of the type mentioned.
  • the electric vehicle comprises a vehicle body, at least one vehicle axle mounted on the vehicle body and having at least one vehicle wheel, at least one electric motor, by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel can be driven, and at least one mechanical wheel brake, by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel can be braked, wherein the mechanical wheel brake is combined with the electric motor to form a structural unit.
  • the mechanical wheel brake and the electric motor according to the invention form a particularly compact structural unit.
  • the structural unit can turn out to be larger than a pure electric motor
  • the mechanical wheel brake can be made smaller and simpler than a conventional wheel brake by its separation from the conventional braking concept, especially if the possibility of a weaker design of the wheel brake due to recuperation is taken into account.
  • a simplification of the wheel and a space advantage can be achieved.
  • Wheel brake and the electric motor mounted in particular at the same time, so compared to a separate installation of wheel and electric motor assembly costs are reduced.
  • the vehicle axle may comprise or be formed by at least one or more, preferably two, independent wheel suspensions. Alternatively, however, the vehicle axle can also be designed as a torsion beam axle or as another axle.
  • the electric motor preferably forms the or part of the vehicle axle, so that it preferably comprises the electric motor.
  • the mechanical wheel brake is electrically actuated. This offers the advantage that it can be dispensed with a complex and costly brake hydraulics.
  • the mechanical wheel brake may be operated mechanically, e.g. by a cable and / or a linkage.
  • Motor control provided by means of which the electric motor is controllable. If the mechanical wheel brake can be actuated electrically, this can preferably be actuated by means of the electric motor control.
  • an electromechanical actuator is provided which is provided which is provided which is provided which
  • Wheel brake can be operated mechanically.
  • the actuator is electrically connected to the engine control.
  • the electric motor preferably has a motor housing and a motor shaft which can be rotated about a motor axis relative thereto.
  • the motor shaft is rotatably mounted on the motor housing about the motor axis.
  • the electric motor comprises a stator rigidly connected to the motor housing and a rotor, which comprises the motor shaft and / or is rotationally rigidly connected thereto.
  • the mechanical wheel brake comprises a multi-plate clutch or is designed as such.
  • the inner disk of the multi-plate clutch torsionally rigid or rigidly connected to the motor shaft and the outer disk of the multi-plate clutch rigid or torsionally rigid with the motor housing.
  • the inner disks are torsionally rigid or rigidly connected to the motor housing and the outer disk rigidly or rotationally rigidly connected to the motor shaft.
  • the vehicle wheel can also be braked by means of the electric motor, preferably in a generator mode of operation
  • the electric motor in particular, the electric motor in regenerative braking operation as a generator can be operated and loaded with an electrical load.
  • the load is preferably formed by a rechargeable by the electric motor electrical energy storage or by an electrical resistance, so that the electric motor is preferably electrically connected to the electrical energy storage or to the electrical resistance.
  • the electrical energy store comprises e.g. at least one accumulator and / or at least one capacitor.
  • the electrical energy storage also serves to power the electric motor when it is operated in engine operation.
  • the electrical energy storage and the electric motor are advantageously connected to each other with the interposition of an electric power converter arrangement.
  • the electrical resistance is provided in particular for the fact that a braking effect can also be achieved by the electric motor when the electrical energy store is not or will not be charged.
  • the motor housing is on
  • the vehicle body Stored vehicle body and the motor shaft rotatably connected to the vehicle.
  • the vehicle wheel is concentric with the
  • Motor shaft arranged so that a particularly space-saving arrangement of vehicle wheel, electric motor and mechanical wheel brake is possible.
  • the motor housing of the electric motor forms a wheel carrier for the vehicle wheel, so that the vehicle wheel is preferably rotatably mounted on the motor housing.
  • the mechanical wheel brake is arranged and / or mounted in particular on an end of the motor shaft facing away from the vehicle wheel.
  • the vehicle wheel preferably comprises a rim on which preferably a tire is seated.
  • the rim is rotatably connected to the motor shaft, preferably flanged to it.
  • the rim preferably comprises an interior in which the electric motor is introduced.
  • the electric motor is brought up to or close to an inner wall of the rim.
  • the mechanical wheel brake is preferably integrated in the electric motor and can be actuated by means of the engine control. Since the electric motor can recirculate braking energy into the electrical energy store, the mechanical wheel brake preferably only takes over that portion of the required braking work which the electric motor can not undertake by recuperation. Furthermore, the mechanical wheel brake serves as a parking brake, as an auxiliary brake and / or as an additional brake during emergency braking. The mechanical wheel brake is thus part of a second brake circuit or forms this, which is provided in addition to the electric motor, the generator in the operation
  • Vehicle can slow down and thus preferably part of a first
  • Brake circuit is or makes this. Since the requirements for the mechanical wheel brake compared to a brake of a conventional
  • the mechanical wheel brake be designed smaller.
  • the braking effect is generated by an electrically actuated multi-plate clutch, so that it is preferably in the mechanical wheel brake to a dry brake (without oil), for the actuation of which no hydraulics are required.
  • a dry brake without oil
  • active intervention which is preferably to be understood that a
  • Vehicle control the wheel brake can operate without a
  • the electric motor is preferably designed such that the bearing of the rotor shaft and / or the rotor forms the wheel bearing, so that a conventional wheel bearing is not required.
  • the rim is attached directly to the
  • Wheel brake attached to the other end of the motor shaft.
  • - Hydraulic brakes are not mandatory, so that costs, weight and space on the bike can be saved.
  • a brake-by-wire system can be realized with all known advantages.
  • the mechanical wheel brake is electrically (dry) operable and can be integrated into the electric motor.
  • the electric motor, the brake and the wheel bearing preferably form an integrated or structural unit that is modular and easily scalable.
  • the motor housing of the electric motor can be used simultaneously as a wheel carrier.
  • the mechanical wheel brake can be moved towards the center of the vehicle for better air cooling and better distribution of forces.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of one of the vehicle wheels with Electric motor according to FIG. 1 and
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the mechanical wheel brake of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of an electric vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the invention can be seen, which comprises a vehicle body 2, on which a front axle 3 and a driven rear axle 4 are mounted (the vehicle axles 3 and 4 are indicated only schematically).
  • the front axle 3 comprises two steerable
  • Vehicle wheels 5 and 6, and the rear axle 4 includes two driven vehicle wheels 7 and 8.
  • the vehicle wheels 7 and 8 are each connected to an electric motor 9 and 10, wherein the electric motors 9 and 10 are respectively mounted on the vehicle body 2 and in particular a part of Form rear axle 4.
  • an electrical energy store 11 is provided on the vehicle body 2, by means of which the electric motors 9 and 10 can be supplied with electrical energy.
  • the electrical energy storage 11 is with the electric motors 9 and 10 below
  • Control device 13 is coupled to a brake pedal sensor 14, by means of which the actuation of a brake pedal 15 can be detected. Furthermore, the control device 13 is connected to an accelerator pedal sensor 16, by means of which the actuation of an accelerator pedal 17 can be detected.
  • the control device 13 controls the power converter arrangement 12 in such a way that an electric current is supplied to the electric motors 9 and 10 from the electrical energy store 11.
  • the electric motors 9 and 10 thus drive the vehicle 1 in
  • Driving direction 18 at. If, on the other hand, an actuation of the brake pedal 15 is detected by the control device 13, the control device 13 controls the power converter arrangement 12 in such a way that electrical energy is fed from the electric motors 9 and 10 into the electrical energy store 11. The electric motors 9 and 10 thus work in the
  • each of the electric motors 9 and 10 has a mechanical wheel brake 19 or 20, wherein the wheel brakes 19 and 20 can be electrically operated by means of the control device 13.
  • Fig. 2 is a representation of the vehicle wheel 7 with the electric motor 9 can be seen, wherein the vehicle wheel 7 is shown partially in section.
  • the vehicle wheel 7 comprises a rim 21 on which a tire 22 is seated.
  • the electric motor 9 engages in a recess 23 in the rim 21, which is mounted by means of a bearing 24 about a Radcardachse 25 rotatably mounted on a motor housing 26 of the electric motor 9.
  • the electric motor 9 comprises a motor shaft 27 which is rotatably mounted on the motor housing 26 and which is rotatable by means of the electric motor 9 about a motor axis 28 which coincides with the wheel axis of rotation 25.
  • the motor shaft 27 is rotationally rigidly connected to the rim 21, wherein the electric motor 9 is moved in the interior 23 to close to an inner wall 29 of the rim 21.
  • the wheel brake 19 and an electromechanical actuator 30 are in the
  • Electric motor 9 integrated, wherein the wheel brake 19 by means of the actuator 30 is in particular mechanically actuated.
  • the electric motor 9 is connected via power supply lines 31 to the power converter arrangement 12 and via control lines 32 to the control device 13.
  • control the actuator 30 electrically by means of the control device 13, so that the wheel brake 19 can be actuated by means of the control device 13.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the wheel brake 19 along the motor shaft 28 can be seen, wherein inner plates 33 are rigidly connected to the motor shaft 27 and outer plates 34 rigidly connected to a carrier 35.
  • the tubular support 35 is rotationally rigidly connected to the motor housing 26, in the direction of the motor shaft 28 but relative to this by means of the actuator 30 slidably.
  • the motor shaft 27 and thus also the vehicle wheel 7 can be braked by the outer disks 34 rub against the inner disks 33.
  • the wheel brake 19 is thus formed in the form of a multi-plate clutch.
  • the electric motor 10 is constructed analogously to the electric motor 9. Reference sign list of electric vehicle

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)
  • Electric Propulsion And Braking For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an electric vehicle comprising a vehicle body (2), at least one vehicle axle (4) which is mounted on the vehicle body (2) and which has at least one vehicle wheel (7), at least one electric motor (9), by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel (7) can be driven, and at least one mechanical wheel brake (19), by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel (7) can be braked. The mechanical wheel brake (19) is combined with the electric motor (9) into one structural unit.

Description

Elektrofahrzeug  electric vehicle
Beschreibung description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Elektrofahrzeug mit einem Fahrzeugaufbau, wenigstens einer am Fahrzeugaufbau gelagerten und zumindest ein The invention relates to an electric vehicle with a vehicle body, at least one mounted on the vehicle body and at least one
Fahrzeugrad aufweisenden Fahrzeugachse, wenigstens einem Elektromotor, mittels welchem das zumindest eine Fahrzeugrad antreibbar ist, und wenigstens einer mechanischen Radbremse, mittels welcher das zumindest eine Fahrzeugrad abbremsbar ist. Vehicle wheel having vehicle axle, at least one electric motor by means of which the at least one vehicle is driven, and at least one mechanical wheel brake, by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel is braked.
Aus der DE 10 2006 019 494 AI ist ein Bremssystem für ein Fahrzeug mit Elektromotor mit einer betätigbaren Bremsbetätigungseinrichtung bekannt, wobei das Bremssystem eine mechanische Bremse aufweist. Zusätzlich weist das Bremssystem eine elektrische Bremse auf, wobei in Abhängigkeit von einer Betätigung der Bremsbetätigungseinrichtung zunächst nur die elektrische Bremse und anschließend die mechanische Bremse aktivierbar ist . From DE 10 2006 019 494 AI a braking system for a vehicle with an electric motor with an actuated brake actuator is known, wherein the brake system comprises a mechanical brake. In addition, the brake system has an electric brake, wherein in response to an actuation of the brake operating device, initially only the electric brake and then the mechanical brake can be activated.
Die DE 10 2007 055 935 AI offenbart ein elektrisch betriebenes Fahrzeug mit einem Motorgenerator, mittels welchem eine Rotationskraft von einem/auf ein Rad aufgenommen/übertragen werden kann, einer DE 10 2007 055 935 A1 discloses an electrically operated vehicle with a motor generator, by means of which a rotational force can be recorded / transmitted from / to a wheel
Leistungsumwandlungseinheit , mittels welcher eine bidirektionale elektrische Leistungsumwandlung zwischen einer aufladbaren Power conversion unit, by means of which a bidirectional electrical power conversion between a rechargeable
Leistungsversorgung und dem Motorgenerator derart ausgeführt werden kann, dass der Motorgenerator ein Drehmoment entsprechend einem  Power supply and the motor generator can be carried out such that the motor generator torque corresponding to a
Drehmomentbefehlswert ausgibt, einem Neigungserfassungsabschnitt zur Erfassung einer Neigung einer Straße, und einem Output torque command value, a tilt detection section for detecting a slope of a road, and a
Generatorsteuerungsabschnitt, mittels welchem der Drehmomentbefehlswert des Motorgenerators in einem generatorischen Bremsbetrieb zumindest entsprechend einer Bremsbetätigung durch einen Fahrer erzeugt werden kann, wobei der Generatorsteuerungsabschnitt für den Drehmomentbefehlswert in dem generatorischen Bremsbetrieb während einer Gefällefahrt und während einer Fahrt auf einer ebenen Straße entsprechend derselben Bremsbetätigung auf der Grundlage einer Straßenneigung, die durch den Neigungserfassungsabschnitt erfasst wird, kontinuierlich eine Begrenzung derart auferlegt, dass ein absoluter Wert des Generator control section, by means of which the torque command value of the motor generator can be generated in a regenerative braking operation at least according to a braking operation by a driver, wherein the generator control section for the A torque command value in the regenerative braking operation during downhill travel and during travel on a flat road in accordance with the same brake operation based on a road inclination detected by the inclination detecting section continuously imposes a limitation such that an absolute value of the
Drehmomentbefehlswerts während der Gefällefahrt kleiner als während der Fahrt auf einer ebenen Straße ist.  Torque command value during downhill travel is less than during travel on a flat road.
Zur Reduzierung der Kohlendioxid--Emission und zur Schonung von fossilen Energiereserven werden in jüngster Zeit verstärkt Fahrzeuge mit In order to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and protect fossil energy reserves, vehicles have recently become increasingly popular
Elektroant ieb entwickelt, wobei die ersten Serien ahrzeuge in Kürze auf dem Markt erscheinen dürf en. Abgesehen von einigen, mit; dem Elektroant ieb developed, whereby the first series of vehicles will appear on the market shortly. Apart from a few, with; the
Elektroantrieb im Zusammenhang stehenden Komponenten, wie z.B. einem Elektromotor, einer Elektromotor-Steuerung und einer Batterie zur Electric drive related components, such as e.g. an electric motor, an electric motor control and a battery for
Speisung des Elektromotors, werden bei diesen Fahrzeugen aber keine größeren Änderungen im Vergleich zu konventionellen Serienfahr eugen zu erwarten sein, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Fahrwerke. Somit wird das Fahrwerk eines Elektrofahr zeugs neben einem Rad, einem Radmodul, einer Radführung und einer Federung/Dämpfung auch eine herkömmliche Radbremse aufweisen, obwohl durch die Möglichkeit der elektrischen Power supply of the electric motor, but in these vehicles, no major changes compared to conventional series Eugen be expected, especially in terms of the chassis. Thus, the chassis of an electric vehicle ve next to a wheel, a wheel module, a wheel guide and a suspension / damping also have a conventional wheel brake, although by the possibility of electric
Energierückführung (Rekuperat on) die erforderliche hydraulische Energy recirculation (recuperation on) the required hydraulic
Bremsunterstützung deutlich geringe ausfallen könnte als bei nicht elektrisch betriebenen Fahrzeugen . Durch das Beibehalten der heutigen Bremssystemkomponenten sind bezüglich des Bremssystems somit keine Kosten-, Gewichts- und Ba raumeinsparungen zu e warten. Brake assistance could be significantly lower than non-electric vehicles. By maintaining today's brake system components, there are no cost, weight and space savings to be made with respect to the brake system.
Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einem Elektrofahrzeug der eingangs genannten Art das Bremssystem vereinfachen zu können . Proceeding from this, the present invention seeks to be able to simplify the braking system in an electric vehicle of the type mentioned.
Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß mit einem Elektrofahrzeug nach This object is achieved according to the invention with an electric vehicle
Anspruch 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen gegeben. Claim 1 solved. Preferred embodiments of the invention are given in the dependent claims.
Das erfindungsgemäße Elektrofahrzeug umfasst einen Fahrzeugaufbau, wenigstens eine am Fahrzeugaufbau gelagerte und zumindest ein Fahrzeugrad aufweisende Fahrzeugachse, wenigstens einen Elektromotor, mittels welchem das zumindest eine Fahrzeugrad antreibbar ist, und wenigstens eine mechanische Radbremse, mittels welcher das zumindest eine Fahrzeugrad abbremsbar ist, wobei die mechanische Radbremse mit dem Elektromotor zu einer baulichen Einheit zusammengefasst ist. The electric vehicle according to the invention comprises a vehicle body, at least one vehicle axle mounted on the vehicle body and having at least one vehicle wheel, at least one electric motor, by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel can be driven, and at least one mechanical wheel brake, by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel can be braked, wherein the mechanical wheel brake is combined with the electric motor to form a structural unit.
Die mechanische Radbremse und der Elektromotor bilden erfindungsgemäß eine insbesondere kompakte bauliche Einheit. Zwar kann die bauliche Einheit größer als ein reiner Elektromotor ausfallen, durch die Loslösung vom konventionellen Bremskonzept ist die mechanische Radbremse aber kleiner und einfacher als eine herkömmliche Radbremse ausbildbar, insbesondere wenn die Möglichkeit zur schwächeren Auslegung der Radbremse aufgrund der Rekuperation berücksichtigt wird. Insgesamt sind somit eine Vereinfachung der Radbremse und ein Bauraumvorteil erzielbar. Ferner werden durch den Einbau der baulichen Einheit in das Fahrzeug die The mechanical wheel brake and the electric motor according to the invention form a particularly compact structural unit. Although the structural unit can turn out to be larger than a pure electric motor, the mechanical wheel brake can be made smaller and simpler than a conventional wheel brake by its separation from the conventional braking concept, especially if the possibility of a weaker design of the wheel brake due to recuperation is taken into account. Overall, a simplification of the wheel and a space advantage can be achieved. Furthermore, by installing the structural unit in the vehicle the
Radbremse und der Elektromotor insbesondere gleichzeitig montiert, sodass gegenüber einem separaten Einbau von Radbremse und Elektromotor die Montagekosten reduzierbar sind. Vorzugsweise ist die mechanische Wheel brake and the electric motor mounted in particular at the same time, so compared to a separate installation of wheel and electric motor assembly costs are reduced. Preferably, the mechanical
Radbremse in den Elektromotor integriert. Wheel brake integrated into the electric motor.
Die Fahrzeugachse kann wenigstens eine oder mehrere, vorzugsweise zwei Einzelradaufhängungen umfassen oder durch diese gebildet sein. Alternativ ist die Fahrzeugachse aber auch als Verbundlenkerachse oder als eine andere Achse ausbildbar. Der Elektromotor bildet vorzugsweise die oder einen Teil der Fahrzeugachse, sodass diese bevorzugt den Elektromotor umfasst . The vehicle axle may comprise or be formed by at least one or more, preferably two, independent wheel suspensions. Alternatively, however, the vehicle axle can also be designed as a torsion beam axle or as another axle. The electric motor preferably forms the or part of the vehicle axle, so that it preferably comprises the electric motor.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist die mechanische Radbremse elektrisch betätigbar. Dies bietet den Vorteil, dass auf eine aufwendige und kostenintensive Bremshydraulik verzichtet werden kann. Alternativ kann die mechanische Radbremse aber auch mechanisch betätigt werden, z.B. durch einen Seilzug und/oder ein Gestänge. According to one embodiment of the invention, the mechanical wheel brake is electrically actuated. This offers the advantage that it can be dispensed with a complex and costly brake hydraulics. Alternatively, however, the mechanical wheel brake may be operated mechanically, e.g. by a cable and / or a linkage.
Gemäß einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist eine elektrische According to one embodiment of the invention is an electrical
Motorsteuerung vorgesehen, mittels welcher der Elektromotor steuerbar ist. Ist die mechanische Radbremse elektrisch betätigbar, so ist diese bevorzugt mittels der elektrischen Motorsteuerung betätigbar. Motor control provided by means of which the electric motor is controllable. If the mechanical wheel brake can be actuated electrically, this can preferably be actuated by means of the electric motor control.
Vorzugsweise ist ein elektromechanischer Aktor vorgesehen, der Preferably, an electromechanical actuator is provided which
elektronisch ansteuerbar ist und mittels welchem die mechanische electronically controlled and by means of which the mechanical
Radbremse mechanisch betätigt werden kann. Insbesondere ist der Aktor elektrisch mit der Motorsteuerung verbunden. Der Elektromotor weist bevorzugt ein Motorgehäuse und eine relativ zu diesem um eine Motorachse drehbare Motorwelle auf. Insbesondere ist die Motorwelle um die Motorachse drehbar an dem Motorgehäuse gelagert. Wheel brake can be operated mechanically. In particular, the actuator is electrically connected to the engine control. The electric motor preferably has a motor housing and a motor shaft which can be rotated about a motor axis relative thereto. In particular, the motor shaft is rotatably mounted on the motor housing about the motor axis.
Vorzugsweise umfasst der Elektromotor einen starr mit dem Motorgehäuse verbundenen Stator und einen Läufer, der die Motorwelle umfasst und/oder drehstarr mit dieser verbunden ist. Preferably, the electric motor comprises a stator rigidly connected to the motor housing and a rotor, which comprises the motor shaft and / or is rotationally rigidly connected thereto.
Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung umfasst die mechanische Radbremse eine Lamellenkupplung oder ist als solche ausgebildet. Beispielsweise können die Innenlamellen der Lamellenkupplung drehstarr oder starr mit der Motorwelle und die Außenlamellen der Lamellenkupplung starr oder drehstarr mit dem Motorgehäuse verbunden sein. Selbstverständlich ist eine umgekehrte Anordnung möglich, wonach die Innenlamellen drehstarr oder starr mit dem Motorgehäuse und die Außenlamellen starr oder drehstarr mit der Motorwelle verbunden sind. According to one embodiment of the invention, the mechanical wheel brake comprises a multi-plate clutch or is designed as such. For example, the inner disk of the multi-plate clutch torsionally rigid or rigidly connected to the motor shaft and the outer disk of the multi-plate clutch rigid or torsionally rigid with the motor housing. Of course, a reverse arrangement is possible, after which the inner disks are torsionally rigid or rigidly connected to the motor housing and the outer disk rigidly or rotationally rigidly connected to the motor shaft.
Bevorzugt ist das Fahrzeugrad zusätzlich mittels des Elektromotors abbremsbar, vorzugsweise in einem generatorischen Betrieb des Preferably, the vehicle wheel can also be braked by means of the electric motor, preferably in a generator mode of operation
Elektromotors. Insbesondere ist der Elektromotor im generatorischen Bremsbetrieb als Generator betreibbar und mit einer elektrischen Last belastbar. Die Last ist bevorzugt durch einen mittels des Elektromotors aufladbaren elektrischen Energiespeicher oder durch einen elektrischen Widerstand gebildet, sodass der Elektromotor vorzugsweise mit dem elektrischen Energiespeicher oder mit dem elektrischen Widerstand elektrisch verbindbar ist. Der elektrische Energiespeicher umfasst z.B. wenigstens einen Akkumulator und/oder wenigstens einen Kondensator. The electric motor. In particular, the electric motor in regenerative braking operation as a generator can be operated and loaded with an electrical load. The load is preferably formed by a rechargeable by the electric motor electrical energy storage or by an electrical resistance, so that the electric motor is preferably electrically connected to the electrical energy storage or to the electrical resistance. The electrical energy store comprises e.g. at least one accumulator and / or at least one capacitor.
Vorzugsweise dient der elektrische Energiespeicher auch zum Speisen des Elektromotors, wenn dieser im Motorbetrieb betrieben wird. Der Preferably, the electrical energy storage also serves to power the electric motor when it is operated in engine operation. Of the
elektrische Energiespeicher und der Elektromotor sind vorteilhafterweise unter Zwischenschaltung einer elektrischen Stromrichteranordnung miteinander verbunden. Der elektrische Widerstand ist insbesondere dafür vorgesehen, dass eine Bremswirkung durch den Elektromotor auch dann erzielt werden kann, wenn der elektrische Energiespeicher nicht geladen wird oder werden soll. Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, den Elektromotor gleichzeitig mit dem elektrischen Energiespeicher und mit dem elektrischen Widerstand zu belasten. Hierdurch kann die Bremswirkung selbst dann verstärkt werden, wenn der dem elektrischen Energiespeicher zugeführte Ladestrom begrenzt werden muss. Gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung ist das Motorgehäuse am electrical energy storage and the electric motor are advantageously connected to each other with the interposition of an electric power converter arrangement. The electrical resistance is provided in particular for the fact that a braking effect can also be achieved by the electric motor when the electrical energy store is not or will not be charged. Of course, it is also possible to load the electric motor simultaneously with the electrical energy storage and with the electrical resistance. As a result, the braking effect can be amplified even if the charging current supplied to the electrical energy store has to be limited. According to one embodiment of the invention, the motor housing is on
Fahrzeugaufbau gelagert und die Motorwelle drehstarr mit dem Fahrzeugrad verbunden. Vorzugsweise ist das Fahrzeugrad konzentrisch mit der Stored vehicle body and the motor shaft rotatably connected to the vehicle. Preferably, the vehicle wheel is concentric with the
Motorwelle angeordnet, sodass eine besonders raumsparende Anordnung von Fahrzeugrad, Elektromotor und mechanischer Radbremse möglich ist. Motor shaft arranged so that a particularly space-saving arrangement of vehicle wheel, electric motor and mechanical wheel brake is possible.
Bevorzugt bildet das Motorgehäuse des Elektromotors einen Radträger für das Fahrzeugrad, sodass das Fahrzeugrad vorzugsweise drehbar an dem Motorgehäuse gelagert ist. Die mechanische Radbremse ist insbesondere an einem dem Fahrzeugrad abgewandten Ende der Motorwelle angeordnet und/oder angebracht . Preferably, the motor housing of the electric motor forms a wheel carrier for the vehicle wheel, so that the vehicle wheel is preferably rotatably mounted on the motor housing. The mechanical wheel brake is arranged and / or mounted in particular on an end of the motor shaft facing away from the vehicle wheel.
Das Fahrzeugrad umfasst bevorzugt eine Felge, auf der vorzugsweise ein Reifen sitzt. Insbesondere ist die Felge mit der Motorwelle drehstarr verbunden, vorzugsweise an diese angeflanscht. Die Felge umfasst bevorzugt einen Innenraum, in den der Elektromotor eingebracht ist. The vehicle wheel preferably comprises a rim on which preferably a tire is seated. In particular, the rim is rotatably connected to the motor shaft, preferably flanged to it. The rim preferably comprises an interior in which the electric motor is introduced.
Vorzugsweise ist der Elektromotor bis oder bis nahe an eine Innenwand der Felge herangerückt. Preferably, the electric motor is brought up to or close to an inner wall of the rim.
Gemäß der Erfindung ist es möglich, die konventionellen Komponenten einer hydraulischen Radbremse wegzulassen. Diese Komponenten umfassen According to the invention, it is possible to omit the conventional components of a hydraulic wheel brake. These components include
insbesondere die Bremsscheibe, den Bremssattel und die Bremsleitungen. Hierdurch sind nicht nur Kosten und Gewicht, sondern auch Einbauraum in der Felge einsparbar. Dies ist möglich, da die mechanische Radbremse bevorzugt in den Elektromotor integriert und mittels der Motorsteuerung betätigbar ist. Da der Elektromotor Bremsenergie in den elektrischen Energiespeicher zurückführen kann, übernimmt die mechanische Radbremse vorzugsweise nur denjenigen Anteil der erforderlichen Bremsarbeit, die der Elektromotor nicht durch Rekuperation übernehmen kann. Ferner dient die mechanische Radbremse als Parkbremse, als Hilfsbremse und/oder als zusätzliche Bremse bei einer Vollbremsung. Die mechanische Radbremse ist somit Teil eines zweiten Bremskreises oder bildet diesen, der zusätzlich zu dem Elektromotor vorgesehen ist, der im Generatorbetrieb das in particular the brake disc, the caliper and the brake lines. As a result, not only cost and weight, but also installation space in the rim can be saved. This is possible since the mechanical wheel brake is preferably integrated in the electric motor and can be actuated by means of the engine control. Since the electric motor can recirculate braking energy into the electrical energy store, the mechanical wheel brake preferably only takes over that portion of the required braking work which the electric motor can not undertake by recuperation. Furthermore, the mechanical wheel brake serves as a parking brake, as an auxiliary brake and / or as an additional brake during emergency braking. The mechanical wheel brake is thus part of a second brake circuit or forms this, which is provided in addition to the electric motor, the generator in the operation
Fahrzeugrad abbremsen kann und somit bevorzugt Teil eines ersten Vehicle can slow down and thus preferably part of a first
Bremskreises ist oder diesen bildet. Da die Anforderungen an die mechanische Radbremse gegenüber einer Bremse eines herkömmlichen Brake circuit is or makes this. Since the requirements for the mechanical wheel brake compared to a brake of a conventional
Fahrzeugs ohne Elektroantrieb deutlich reduziert sind, kann die Vehicles without electric drive are significantly reduced, the
mechanische Radbremse kleiner ausgelegt werden. Beispielsweise wird die Bremswirkung über eine elektrisch betätigbare Lamellenkupplung erzeugt, sodass es sich bei der mechanischen Radbremse vorzugsweise um eine trockene Bremse (ohne Öl ) handelt, für deren Betätigung keine Hydraulik erforderlich ist. Durch die elektrische Betätigung der mechanischen Radbremse (brake-by-wire) ist es ferner möglich, aktive Eingriffe zuzulassen, worunter vorzugsweise zu verstehen ist, dass eine mechanical wheel brake be designed smaller. For example, the braking effect is generated by an electrically actuated multi-plate clutch, so that it is preferably in the mechanical wheel brake to a dry brake (without oil), for the actuation of which no hydraulics are required. By the electrical actuation of the mechanical wheel brake (brake-by-wire), it is also possible to allow active intervention, which is preferably to be understood that a
Fahrzeugsteuerung die Radbremse betätigen kann, ohne dass ein Vehicle control the wheel brake can operate without a
Bremseingriff des Fahrers erforderlich ist. Der Elektromotor wird bevorzugt derart gestaltet, dass die Lagerung der Rotorwelle und/oder des Läufers die Radlagerung bildet, sodass eine herkömmliche Radlagerung nicht erforderlich ist. Insbesondere wird die Felge direkt an die Brake intervention of the driver is required. The electric motor is preferably designed such that the bearing of the rotor shaft and / or the rotor forms the wheel bearing, so that a conventional wheel bearing is not required. In particular, the rim is attached directly to the
Motorwelle angeflanscht. Da die herkömmlich vorgesehene Bremsscheibe vorzugsweise nicht vorhanden ist, kann der Elektromotor bis zur Flanged motor shaft. Since the conventionally provided brake disc is preferably not present, the electric motor can until the
Felgeninnenwand hingerückt werden. Bevorzugt ist die mechanische Rim inside wall to be moved. The mechanical is preferred
Radbremse an dem anderen Ende der Motorwelle angebracht. Wheel brake attached to the other end of the motor shaft.
Die Erfindung weist insbesondere die folgenden Vorteile auf: The invention has the following advantages in particular:
- Hydraulische Bremsen sind nicht zwingend erforderlich, sodass Kosten, Gewicht und Bauraum am Rad eingespart werden können.  - Hydraulic brakes are not mandatory, so that costs, weight and space on the bike can be saved.
- Zusätzlich zu der elektrischen Ansteuerung des Elektromotors sind separate Bremsleitungen nicht zwingend erforderlich.  - In addition to the electrical control of the electric motor separate brake lines are not mandatory.
- Ein brake-by-wire-System kann mit allen bekannten Vorteilen realisiert werden .  - A brake-by-wire system can be realized with all known advantages.
- Die mechanische Radbremse ist elektrisch (trocken) betätigbar und kann in den Elektromotor integriert werden.  - The mechanical wheel brake is electrically (dry) operable and can be integrated into the electric motor.
- Der Elektromotor, die Bremse und die Radlagerung bilden bevorzugt eine integrierte bzw. bauliche Einheit, die modular aufgebaut und leicht skalierbar ist.  - The electric motor, the brake and the wheel bearing preferably form an integrated or structural unit that is modular and easily scalable.
- Das Motorgehäuse des Elektromotors kann gleichzeitig als Radträger verwendet werden.  - The motor housing of the electric motor can be used simultaneously as a wheel carrier.
- Die mechanische Radbremse kann zur Fahrzeugmitte hin versetzt werden, sodass eine bessere Luftkühlung und bessere Kräfteverteilung möglich sind .  - The mechanical wheel brake can be moved towards the center of the vehicle for better air cooling and better distribution of forces.
Die Erfindung wird nachfolgend anhand einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnung beschrieben. In der Zeichnung zeigen: The invention will be described below with reference to a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawing. In the drawing show:
Fig. 1 eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein Elektrofahrzeug gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, 1 is a schematic plan view of an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the invention,
Fig. 2 eine schematische Darstellung eines der Fahrzeugräder mit Elektromotor gemäß Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of one of the vehicle wheels with Electric motor according to FIG. 1 and
Fig. 3 eine schematische Darstellung der mechanischen Radbremse gemäß Fig . 1. Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the mechanical wheel brake of FIG. 1.
Aus Fig. 1 ist eine schematische Draufsicht auf ein Elektrofahrzeug 1 gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ersichtlich, welches einen Fahrzeugaufbau 2 umfasst, an dem eine Vorderachse 3 und eine angetriebene Hinterachse 4 gelagert sind (die Fahrzeugachsen 3 und 4 sind lediglich schematisch angedeutet) . Die Vorderachse 3 umfasst zwei lenkbare 1 is a schematic plan view of an electric vehicle 1 according to an embodiment of the invention can be seen, which comprises a vehicle body 2, on which a front axle 3 and a driven rear axle 4 are mounted (the vehicle axles 3 and 4 are indicated only schematically). The front axle 3 comprises two steerable
Fahrzeugräder 5 und 6, und die Hinterachse 4 umfasst zwei angetriebene Fahrzeugräder 7 und 8. Die Fahrzeugräder 7 und 8 sind jeweils mit einem Elektromotor 9 bzw. 10 verbunden, wobei die Elektromotoren 9 und 10 jeweils am Fahrzeugaufbau 2 gelagert sind und insbesondere einen Teil der Hinterachse 4 bilden. Ferner ist am Fahrzeugaufbau 2 ein elektrischer Energiespeicher 11 vorgesehen, mittels welchem die Elektromotoren 9 und 10 mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden können. Der elektrische Energiespeicher 11 ist mit den Elektromotoren 9 und 10 unter Vehicle wheels 5 and 6, and the rear axle 4 includes two driven vehicle wheels 7 and 8. The vehicle wheels 7 and 8 are each connected to an electric motor 9 and 10, wherein the electric motors 9 and 10 are respectively mounted on the vehicle body 2 and in particular a part of Form rear axle 4. Furthermore, an electrical energy store 11 is provided on the vehicle body 2, by means of which the electric motors 9 and 10 can be supplied with electrical energy. The electrical energy storage 11 is with the electric motors 9 and 10 below
Zwischenschaltung einer Stromrichteranordnung 12 elektrisch verbunden, die mittels einer Steuereinrichtung 13 gesteuert wird. Die Intermediate circuit of a power converter assembly 12 electrically connected, which is controlled by a control device 13. The
Steuereinrichtung 13 ist mit einem Bremspedalsensor 14 gekoppelt, mittels welchem die Betätigung eines Bremspedals 15 erfassbar ist. Ferner ist die Steuereinrichtung 13 mit einem Gaspedalsensor 16 verbunden, mittels welchem die Betätigung eines Gaspedals 17 erfassbar ist.  Control device 13 is coupled to a brake pedal sensor 14, by means of which the actuation of a brake pedal 15 can be detected. Furthermore, the control device 13 is connected to an accelerator pedal sensor 16, by means of which the actuation of an accelerator pedal 17 can be detected.
Wird das Gaspedal 17 betätigt, so steuert die Steuereinrichtung 13 die Stromrichteranordnung 12 derart an, dass den Elektromotoren 9 und 10 von dem elektrischen Energiespeicher 11 ein elektrischer Strom zugeführt wird. Die Elektromotoren 9 und 10 treiben somit das Fahrzeug 1 in If the accelerator pedal 17 is actuated, the control device 13 controls the power converter arrangement 12 in such a way that an electric current is supplied to the electric motors 9 and 10 from the electrical energy store 11. The electric motors 9 and 10 thus drive the vehicle 1 in
Fahrtrichtung 18 an. Wird hingegen von der Steuereinrichtung 13 eine Betätigung des Bremspedals 15 erfasst, so steuert die Steuereinrichtung 13 die Stromrichteranordnung 12 derart an, dass elektrische Energie von den Elektromotoren 9 und 10 in den elektrischen Energiespeicher 11 eingespeist wird. Die Elektromotoren 9 und 10 arbeiten somit im Driving direction 18 at. If, on the other hand, an actuation of the brake pedal 15 is detected by the control device 13, the control device 13 controls the power converter arrangement 12 in such a way that electrical energy is fed from the electric motors 9 and 10 into the electrical energy store 11. The electric motors 9 and 10 thus work in the
Generatorbetrieb und bremsen das Fahrzeug 1 ab. Ferner weist jeder der Elektromotoren 9 und 10 eine mechanische Radbremse 19 bzw. 20 auf, wobei die Radbremsen 19 und 20 mittels der Steuereinrichtung 13 elektrisch betätigt werden können. Aus Fig. 2 ist eine Darstellung des Fahrzeugrads 7 mit dem Elektromotor 9 ersichtlich, wobei das Fahrzeugrad 7 teilweise geschnitten dargestellt ist. Das Fahrzeugrad 7 umfasst eine Felge 21, auf der ein Reifen 22 sitzt. Der Elektromotor 9 greift in eine Ausnehmung 23 in der Felge 21 ein, die mittels eines Lagers 24 um eine Raddrehachse 25 drehbar an einem Motorgehäuse 26 des Elektromotors 9 gelagert ist. Der Elektromotor 9 umfasst eine drehbar an dem Motorgehäuse 26 gelagerte Motorwelle 27, die mittels des Elektromotors 9 um eine Motorachse 28 drehbar ist, die mit der Raddrehachse 25 zusammenfällt. Die Motorwelle 27 ist drehstarr mit der Felge 21 verbunden, wobei der Elektromotor 9 in dem Innenraum 23 bis nah an eine Innenwand 29 der Felge 21 herangerückt ist. Generator operation and brake the vehicle 1 from. Furthermore, each of the electric motors 9 and 10 has a mechanical wheel brake 19 or 20, wherein the wheel brakes 19 and 20 can be electrically operated by means of the control device 13. From Fig. 2 is a representation of the vehicle wheel 7 with the electric motor 9 can be seen, wherein the vehicle wheel 7 is shown partially in section. The vehicle wheel 7 comprises a rim 21 on which a tire 22 is seated. The electric motor 9 engages in a recess 23 in the rim 21, which is mounted by means of a bearing 24 about a Raddrehachse 25 rotatably mounted on a motor housing 26 of the electric motor 9. The electric motor 9 comprises a motor shaft 27 which is rotatably mounted on the motor housing 26 and which is rotatable by means of the electric motor 9 about a motor axis 28 which coincides with the wheel axis of rotation 25. The motor shaft 27 is rotationally rigidly connected to the rim 21, wherein the electric motor 9 is moved in the interior 23 to close to an inner wall 29 of the rim 21.
Die Radbremse 19 und ein elektromechanischer Aktor 30 sind in den The wheel brake 19 and an electromechanical actuator 30 are in the
Elektromotor 9 integriert, wobei die Radbremse 19 mittels des Aktors 30 insbesondere mechanisch betätigbar ist. Der Elektromotor 9 ist über Energieversorgungsleitungen 31 mit der Stromrichteranordnung 12 und über Steuerleitungen 32 mit der Steuereinrichtung 13 verbunden. Somit ist es möglich, mittels der Steuereinrichtung 13 den Aktor 30 elektrisch zu steuern, sodass die Radbremse 19 mittels der Steuereinrichtung 13 betätigt werden kann. Electric motor 9 integrated, wherein the wheel brake 19 by means of the actuator 30 is in particular mechanically actuated. The electric motor 9 is connected via power supply lines 31 to the power converter arrangement 12 and via control lines 32 to the control device 13. Thus, it is possible to control the actuator 30 electrically by means of the control device 13, so that the wheel brake 19 can be actuated by means of the control device 13.
Aus Fig. 3 ist eine schematische Schnittansicht der Radbremse 19 entlang der Motorachse 28 ersichtlich, wobei Innenlamellen 33 starr mit der Motorwelle 27 und Außenlamellen 34 starr mit einem Träger 35 verbunden sind. Der rohrförmige Träger 35 ist drehstarr mit dem Motorgehäuse 26 verbunden, in Richtung der Motorachse 28 aber gegenüber diesem mittels des Aktors 30 verschiebbar. Durch Betätigen des Aktors 30 wird der Träger 35 zusammen mit den Außenlamellen 34 in Richtung des Pfeils 36 From Fig. 3 is a schematic sectional view of the wheel brake 19 along the motor shaft 28 can be seen, wherein inner plates 33 are rigidly connected to the motor shaft 27 and outer plates 34 rigidly connected to a carrier 35. The tubular support 35 is rotationally rigidly connected to the motor housing 26, in the direction of the motor shaft 28 but relative to this by means of the actuator 30 slidably. By actuating the actuator 30, the carrier 35 together with the outer disk 34 in the direction of the arrow 36th
verschoben, sodass diese mit den Innenlamellen 33 in Kontakt treten. Die Motorwelle 27 und somit auch das Fahrzeugrad 7 können abgebremst werden, indem die Außenlamellen 34 an den Innenlamellen 33 reiben. Die Radbremse 19 ist somit in Form einer Lamellenkupplung ausgebildet. Der Elektromotor 10 ist analog zum Elektromotor 9 aufgebaut. Bezugs zeichenliste Elektrofahrzeug moved so that they come into contact with the inner plates 33. The motor shaft 27 and thus also the vehicle wheel 7 can be braked by the outer disks 34 rub against the inner disks 33. The wheel brake 19 is thus formed in the form of a multi-plate clutch. The electric motor 10 is constructed analogously to the electric motor 9. Reference sign list of electric vehicle
Fahrzeugauf au Vehicle up
Vorderachse Front
Hinterachse rear axle
Fahrzeugrad vehicle
Fahrzeugrad vehicle
Fahrzeugrad vehicle
Fahrzeugrad vehicle
Elektromotor electric motor
Elektromotor electric motor
elektrischer Energiespeicher electrical energy storage
Stromrichteranordnung Converter arrangement
Steuereinrichtung control device
Bremspedalsensor Brake pedal sensor
Bremspedal brake pedal
Gaspedalsensor accelerator sensor
Gaspedal accelerator
Fahrtrichtung direction of travel
mechanische Radbremse mechanical wheel brake
mechanische Radbremse mechanical wheel brake
Felge rim
Reifen tires
Innenraum in Felge Interior in rim
Lager camp
Raddrehachse wheel rotation
Motorgehäuse motor housing
Motorwelle motor shaft
Motorachse motor axis
Innenwand der Felge Inner wall of the rim
Aktor actuator
Energieversorgungsleitungen Power lines
Steuerleitungen control lines
Innenlamellen der Radbremse Inner disks of the wheel brake
Außenlamellen der Radbremse External disks of the wheel brake
Außenlamellentrager der Radbremse Betätigungsrichtung des Aktors External disk carrier of the wheel brake Operating direction of the actuator

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Elektrofahrzeug mit 1. Electric vehicle with
einem Fahrzeugaufbau (2), a vehicle body (2),
wenigstens einer am Fahrzeugaufbau (2) gelagerten und zumindest ein Fahrzeugrad (7) aufweisenden Fahrzeugachse (4), at least one vehicle axle (4) mounted on the vehicle body (2) and having at least one vehicle wheel (7),
wenigstens einem Elektromotor (9), mittels welchem das zumindest eine Fahrzeugrad (7) antreibbar ist, at least one electric motor (9), by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel (7) can be driven,
wenigstens einer mechanischen Radbremse (19), mittels welcher das zumindest eine Fahrzeugrad (7) abbremsbar ist, at least one mechanical wheel brake (19) by means of which the at least one vehicle wheel (7) can be braked,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die mechanische Radbremse (19) mit dem Elektromotor (9) zu einer baulichen Einheit zusammengefasst ist. the mechanical wheel brake (19) is combined with the electric motor (9) to form a structural unit.
2. Elektrofahrzeug nach Anspruch 1, 2. Electric vehicle according to claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die mechanische Radbremse (19) in den Elektromotor (9) integriert ist. the mechanical wheel brake (19) is integrated in the electric motor (9).
3. Elektrofahrzeug nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, 3. Electric vehicle according to claim 1 or 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die mechanische Radbremse (19) elektrisch betätigbar ist. the mechanical wheel brake (19) is electrically actuated.
4. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, 4. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims,
gekennzeichnet durch marked by
eine elektrische Motorsteuerung (13), mittels welcher der Elektromotor (9) steuerbar und die mechanische Radbremse (19) elektrisch betätigbar ist . an electric motor control (13) by means of which the electric motor (9) controllable and the mechanical wheel brake (19) is electrically actuated.
5. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, 5. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die mechanische Radbremse (19) eine Lamellenkupplung umfasst. characterized in that the mechanical wheel brake (19) comprises a multi-plate clutch.
6. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, 6. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das Fahrzeugrad (7) zusätzlich mittels des Elektromotors (9) abbremsbar ist . the vehicle wheel (7) can additionally be braked by means of the electric motor (9).
7. Elektrofahrzeug nach Anspruch 6, 7. Electric vehicle according to claim 6,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Elektromototor (9) als Generator betreibbar und elektrisch mit einem mittels des Elektromotors (9) aufladbaren elektrischen Energiespeicher (11) verbindbar ist. the electric motor (9) can be operated as a generator and can be electrically connected to an electrical energy store (11) which can be charged by means of the electric motor (9).
8. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, 8. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
der Elektromotor (9) ein Motorgehäuse (26) und eine relativ zu diesem um eine Motorachse (28) drehbare Motorwelle (27) umfasst. the electric motor (9) comprises a motor housing (26) and a motor shaft (27) rotatable relative thereto about a motor axis (28).
9. Elektrofahrzeug nach Anspruch 8, 9. Electric vehicle according to claim 8,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das Motorgehäuse (26) am Fahrzeugaufbau (2) gelagert und die Motorwelle (27) drehstarr mit dem Fahrzeugrad (7) verbunden ist. the motor housing (26) mounted on the vehicle body (2) and the motor shaft (27) is rotationally rigidly connected to the vehicle wheel (7).
10. Elektrofahrzeug nach Anspruch 8 oder 9, 10. Electric vehicle according to claim 8 or 9,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das Fahrzeugrad (7) konzentrisch mit der Motorwelle (27) angeordnet ist. the vehicle wheel (7) is arranged concentrically with the motor shaft (27).
11. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 10, 11. Electric vehicle according to one of claims 8 to 10,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
das Motorgehäuse (26) des Elektromotors (9) einen Radträger für das Fahrzeugrad (7) bildet. the motor housing (26) of the electric motor (9) forms a wheel carrier for the vehicle wheel (7).
12. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 11, 12. Electric vehicle according to one of claims 8 to 11,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die mechanische Radbremse (19) an einem dem Fahrzeugrad (7) abgewandten Ende der Motorwelle (27) angebracht ist. the mechanical wheel brake (19) is mounted on an end of the motor shaft (27) facing away from the vehicle wheel (7).
13. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der Ansprüche 8 bis 12, 13. Electric vehicle according to one of claims 8 to 12,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fahrzeugrad (7) eine Felge (21) umfasst, die drehstarr mit der Motorwelle (27) verbunden ist. characterized in that the vehicle wheel (7) comprises a rim (21) which is rotationally rigidly connected to the motor shaft (27).
14. Elektrofahrzeug nach Anspruch 13, 14. Electric vehicle according to claim 13,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass characterized in that
die Felge (21) einen Innenraum (23) umfasst, in den der Elektromotor eingebracht ist. the rim (21) comprises an interior space (23) into which the electric motor is introduced.
15. Elektrofahrzeug nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 15. Electric vehicle according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that
die Fahrzeugachse (4) den Elektromotor (9) umfasst. the vehicle axle (4) comprises the electric motor (9).
PCT/EP2011/059984 2010-07-01 2011-06-16 Electric vehicle WO2012000795A1 (en)

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