WO2012000429A1 - 音视频点播方法、服务器及终端 - Google Patents

音视频点播方法、服务器及终端 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2012000429A1
WO2012000429A1 PCT/CN2011/076518 CN2011076518W WO2012000429A1 WO 2012000429 A1 WO2012000429 A1 WO 2012000429A1 CN 2011076518 W CN2011076518 W CN 2011076518W WO 2012000429 A1 WO2012000429 A1 WO 2012000429A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resource
audio
video
network
node
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/076518
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张克东
王欣
Original Assignee
深圳市快播科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 深圳市快播科技有限公司 filed Critical 深圳市快播科技有限公司
Priority to KR1020137002418A priority Critical patent/KR20130040236A/ko
Priority to US13/807,512 priority patent/US9204180B2/en
Publication of WO2012000429A1 publication Critical patent/WO2012000429A1/zh

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/25—Management operations performed by the server for facilitating the content distribution or administrating data related to end-users or client devices, e.g. end-user or client device authentication, learning user preferences for recommending movies
    • H04N21/258—Client or end-user data management, e.g. managing client capabilities, user preferences or demographics, processing of multiple end-users preferences to derive collaborative data
    • H04N21/25808—Management of client data
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/60—Network structure or processes for video distribution between server and client or between remote clients; Control signalling between clients, server and network components; Transmission of management data between server and client, e.g. sending from server to client commands for recording incoming content stream; Communication details between server and client 
    • H04N21/63—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing
    • H04N21/632—Control signaling related to video distribution between client, server and network components; Network processes for video distribution between server and clients or between remote clients, e.g. transmitting basic layer and enhancement layers over different transmission paths, setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet between remote STB's; Communication protocols; Addressing using a connection between clients on a wide area network, e.g. setting up a peer-to-peer communication via Internet for retrieving video segments from the hard-disk of other client devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/40—Support for services or applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/60—Network streaming of media packets
    • H04L65/61—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
    • H04L65/612—Network streaming of media packets for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio for unicast
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L65/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services for supporting real-time applications in data packet communication
    • H04L65/80—Responding to QoS
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L69/00—Network arrangements, protocols or services independent of the application payload and not provided for in the other groups of this subclass
    • H04L69/30—Definitions, standards or architectural aspects of layered protocol stacks
    • H04L69/32—Architecture of open systems interconnection [OSI] 7-layer type protocol stacks, e.g. the interfaces between the data link level and the physical level
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L12/00—Data switching networks
    • H04L12/02—Details
    • H04L12/16—Arrangements for providing special services to substations
    • H04L12/18—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast
    • H04L12/1854—Arrangements for providing special services to substations for broadcast or conference, e.g. multicast with non-centralised forwarding system, e.g. chaincast

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an on-demand technology in the field of streaming media technology, and in particular to an on-demand method and system for implementing streaming media network on-demand by applying P2P (P ee r to Peer) technology.
  • P2P P ee r to Peer
  • the server Based on the C/S network on-demand system, the server transmits data to and from the client through data transmission protocols such as HTTP, RTSP, MMS, and FTP.
  • This C/S master-slave mode on-demand system requires a large amount of server support to share distribution resources, occupying a large bandwidth, and the cost of building a media resource station is high, and the massive concurrent on-demand effect is not good.
  • P2P technology solves the shortcomings of the master-slave mode on-demand, and can meet the massive on-demand requirements of streaming media.
  • P2P (Peer to Peer) technology also known as peer-to-peer technology or peer-to-peer networking technology
  • P2P network user clients can provide resources, including bandwidth and storage space.
  • computing power in layman's terms, can download resources as well as provide resource uploads, without the need for a server as a support, or file interaction.
  • the peer-to-peer operation strategy of the traditional P2P technology emphasizes the user's peer-to-peer operation, and the position of the resources in the network is not equally differentiated and returned to the user. The most serious consequence is that the network resources are used indiscriminately, within the same network. The bandwidth is occupied by a large amount, even up to 50% ⁇ 80%, which causes the transmission pressure of the backbone network to be large, which causes other applications to be seriously blocked when accessing the network.
  • P2P technology also interacts with considerable traffic between different networks. , which directly leads to traffic congestion between different networks and generates relatively high operating costs.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an audio-video on-demand method, a server and a terminal, which can efficiently use the network, reduce the cost and network loss of the large-scale network media file on-demand system, and realize the concurrent on-line broadcasting of multiple users.
  • the present invention provides an audio and video on demand method, the method comprising: receiving an audio and video resource request from an on-demand terminal; determining, according to the audio and video resource request, a network to which the on-demand terminal belongs; determining a network to which the network belongs a resource node having the audio and video resource; having the audio and video according to the belonging network
  • the resource node of the resource generates a resource list; the resource list is sent to the on-demand terminal, so that the on-demand terminal acquires audio and video resources according to the resource list;
  • the resource node generating resource list of the audio and video resource includes: if the number of resource nodes having the audio and video resources in the network belongs to a predetermined number, generating according to the resource node having the audio and video resources in the network to which the audio network belongs The resource list; if the number of resource nodes having the audio and video resources in the network that belongs to the network does not reach a predetermined number, determining resource nodes having the audio and video resources in other networks, and according
  • the acquiring the audio and video resources according to the resource list by the on-demand terminal includes: the on-demand terminal interacts with the resource node in the resource list to obtain the audio and video resource by using a P2P manner.
  • the receiving the audio and video resource request from the on-demand terminal includes: receiving an audio and video resource request from the on-demand terminal by using a private communication protocol; or receiving the authenticated audio and video from the on-demand terminal by using an http protocol Resource request.
  • Determining, by the foregoing audio and video resource request, the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs includes: acquiring a node IP of the on-demand terminal according to the audio and video resource request; and retrieving the locally stored IP-network group number according to the node IP of the on-demand terminal And obtaining a group number of the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs, and determining, according to the group number of the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs, the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs.
  • the method further includes: receiving and saving, from the resource node, node information including a node identifier P-ID, a node IP address, and a network listening port.
  • the foregoing resource node includes: a resource publishing server having the audio and video resource and an on-demand terminal having the audio and video resources, wherein the resource publishing server has a load balancing control function.
  • the load balancing control capability of the resource publishing server includes: if the number of accesses exceeds a predetermined number, limiting the number of accesses; if the on-demand terminal is sufficient to obtain the audio and video resources through the resource list, prohibiting the on-demand terminal Provide download service.
  • the present invention also provides an audio and video on demand method, the method comprising: the on-demand terminal transmitting an audio and video resource request including an audio and video resource to a resource server; the on-demand terminal receiving a resource list from the resource server, where The resource list includes a resource node that has the audio and video resource that belongs to the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs; the on-demand terminal acquires a resource node that has the audio and video resource according to the resource list; Establishing a connection with the resource node having the audio and video resource; the on-demand terminal acquires the audio and video information from the resource node having the audio and video resource, and saves and plays it locally.
  • the resource list that includes the audio and video resource that belongs to the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs includes: if the number of resource nodes having the audio and video resources in the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs reaches a predetermined number, The resource list includes a resource node having the audio and video resource in the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs; if the number of resource nodes having the audio and video resource in the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs does not reach a predetermined number, the resource The list includes resource nodes having the audio and video resources in other networks and resource nodes having resources in the network to which the on-demand terminals belong.
  • the present invention also provides an audio and video on demand server, the server includes: a resource request receiving unit, configured to receive an audio and video resource request from an on-demand terminal; and a network determining unit, configured to request the audio and video resource according to the Determining a network to which the on-demand terminal belongs; a resource node determining unit, configured to determine a resource node having the audio and video resource in the network to which the network belongs; and a resource list generating unit, configured to use the resource having the audio and video resource in the belonging network
  • the node generates a resource list;
  • the resource list sending unit is configured to send the resource list to the on-demand terminal, so that the on-demand terminal acquires audio and video resources according to the resource list;
  • the resource list generating unit includes: a resource node quantity determining module, configured to determine whether the number of resource nodes having the audio and video resources in the network belongs to a predetermined number; and the first resource list generating module is configured to: Generating the resource list according to the resource node having the audio and video resource in the belonging network when the number of resource nodes having the audio and video resources in the network belongs to the predetermined number; the resource node determining module And determining, by the resource group having the audio and video resources in another network, when the number of resource nodes having the audio and video resources in the network belongs to a predetermined number; the second resource list generating module is configured to: And generating, according to the resource node having the audio and video resource in the other network, and the resource node having the resource in the belonging network, when the number of the resource nodes having the audio and video resources in the network belongs to a predetermined number.
  • the list of resources includes: a resource node quantity determining module, configured to determine whether the number of resource nodes having the audio and video
  • the resource request receiving unit includes: a first resource request receiving module, configured to receive an audio and video resource request from the on-demand terminal by using a private communication protocol; and a second resource request receiving module, configured to receive by using an http protocol An authenticated audio and video resource request from the on-demand terminal.
  • the associated network determining unit includes: a node IP obtaining module, configured to acquire a node IP of the on-demand terminal according to the audio and video resource request; and a network group number obtaining module, configured to use, according to the node IP of the on-demand terminal, Retrieving the locally stored IP-network group number comparison table to obtain the group number of the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs; the network determining module is configured to determine the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs according to the group number of the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs.
  • the server further includes: a node information receiving unit, configured to receive and save node information from the resource node, including a node identifier P-ID, a node IP address, and a network listening port.
  • the foregoing resource node includes: a resource publishing server having the audio and video resource and an on-demand terminal having the audio and video resource, wherein the resource publishing server has a load balancing control function.
  • the load balancing control capability of the resource distribution server includes: if the number of accesses exceeds a predetermined number, limiting the number of accesses; if the on-demand terminal is sufficient to obtain the audio and video resources through the resource list, prohibiting the downloading service from being provided to the on-demand terminal.
  • the present invention also provides an audio-video on-demand terminal, the terminal includes: a resource request sending unit, configured to send an audio and video resource request including an audio and video resource to a resource server; and a resource list receiving unit, configured to receive the source a resource list of the resource server, where the resource list includes a resource node that belongs to the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs, and the resource node acquiring unit is configured to acquire the resource list according to the resource list.
  • a resource node of the audio and video resource a resource node connection unit, configured to establish a connection with the resource node having the audio and video resource; and an audio and video information acquiring unit, configured to acquire, by the resource node having the audio and video resource Audio and video information, and saved and played locally.
  • the resource list further includes resource nodes having the audio and video resources in other networks when the number of resource nodes having the audio and video resources in the network to which the on-demand terminal belongs does not reach a predetermined number.
  • the P2P technology is improved based on the P2P technology
  • P2P transmission Prior to P2P transmission, P2P transmission is preferentially determined for terminals in the same network, thereby overcoming the drawbacks of the existing P2P network-based on-demand system, thereby effectively reducing the cost and network loss of the network media file on-demand system, and thus, can support more Multi-user concurrent online for smoother on-demand.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a network structure of a network on-demand system according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the structure and signal transmission of a specific embodiment of the on-demand terminal according to the present invention
  • FIG. 3 is another block diagram of signal transmission of the on-demand terminal shown in FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing the structure and signal transmission of another embodiment of the on-demand terminal according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is another block diagram of signal transmission of the on-demand terminal shown in FIG.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing the structure and signal transmission of a specific embodiment of the user resource tracking server according to the present invention
  • FIG. 7 is a flowchart of a specific embodiment of the network on-demand method according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 it is a schematic diagram of a network structure of a network on-demand system according to the present invention.
  • the network on-demand system is interconnected by a plurality of nodes to form a P2P network, and the node includes at least a user resource tracking server 1 and a plurality of on-demand terminals 2
  • the plurality of on-demand terminals 2 are located in more than one different network group 1 to network group n.
  • the network on-demand system may further include one or more resource publishing servers 3, and the resource publishing servers 3 are distributed in the P2P network, and communicate with other nodes in a P2P manner, for uploading resources, and providing specific content to the nodes in need. And, load balancing control can be performed on the upload process.
  • the on-demand terminal 2 and the resource issue server 3 having the upload resource may be collectively referred to as a resource node.
  • the on-demand terminal 2 includes one or more players 21a and a transmission control terminal 22a.
  • a specific implementation of the structural connection relationship and signal flow direction is shown in FIG. 2.
  • each player includes a user interaction interface 21 la, a video/audio decoding module 212a, and a data communication interface 213a.
  • the transmission control terminal 22a includes a first interface 221a, a transmission control module 222a, and a second interface 223a.
  • the player 21a When the user inputs a resource request through the player user interaction interface 211a of the on-demand terminal, the player 21a requests the resource control information and the download from the transmission control terminal 22a, and the transmission control terminal 22a processes the response processing result to the player 21a, including the network resource. Identification and download progress, etc.
  • the user inputs a resource request in the user interaction interface 211a
  • the data communication interface 213a receives the resource request from the user interaction interface 211a, and sends the resource request to the first interface 221a of the transmission control terminal 22a.
  • the second interface 223a of the transmission control end sends the resource request to the user resource tracking server 1 by using a private protocol, and receives, by using the private interface, the resource list sent by the user resource tracking server 1 through the second interface 223a
  • the transmission control terminal 22a interacts with the corresponding resource node (such as other on-demand terminals 2 with uploading resources or the resource publishing server 3 for providing specific content) in a P2P manner according to the resource node information given by the resource list.
  • a specific implementation manner of the resource the corresponding resource is obtained.
  • the transmission control terminal 22a locally creates a task and stores the obtained data on the disk. Another specific implementation manner is to save the data in the memory.
  • the player 21a obtains the requested resource data through the data communication interface 213a, the first interface 221a of the transmission control end, and sends the resource data to the video/audio decoding module 212a, the video/audio decoding module.
  • the 212a sends the decoded data to the user interaction interface 211a and the sound playing device, and presents the video to the user through the user interaction interface 211a, and presents the sound to the user through the sound playing device.
  • One specific implementation manner in which the player 21a obtains the requested resource data from the transmission control terminal 22a is that the transmission control terminal 22a responds to the resource request of the player and actively pushes the data required by the player.
  • the player continuously sends a request to the transmission control terminal 22a, and the transmission control terminal 22a continuously pushes the data requested by the player to the player; the third way is that the transmission control terminal 22a is directed to the player.
  • the player Provide save location information and Download progress information, the player actively reads data from the save location, where the save location includes the specific disk location or memory address.
  • the data communication interface 213a receives a resource request from the user interaction interface 211a, and sends the resource request to the transmission control.
  • the first interface 221a of the terminal 22a, through the second interface 223a of the transmission control end, the resource control request is sent by the transmission control end on the on-demand terminal to the corresponding server through the http protocol; the corresponding server may be in FIG.
  • Any resource publishing server after the resource publishing server authenticates and parses the resource request, redirects the resource request to the transmission control end of the on-demand terminal, and redirects the redirected terminal by using a transmission control terminal on the on-demand terminal A resource request is sent to the user resource tracking server.
  • the rest of the process is the same as the process shown in Figure 2, and will not be described here.
  • the user may input a resource request in the player user interaction interface 211a shown in FIG. 2 or 3, or may send a resource request to a specific server (ie, a resource publishing server in the system) by the on-demand terminal through the web. .
  • a specific server ie, a resource publishing server in the system
  • the structure relationship and signal flow direction are as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. 5, when the on-demand terminal inputs a resource request on a certain Web site (that is, selects a resource link of the playable file on the website), the processing of the resource request may be This is done using one of the two methods shown in Figures 2 and 3. That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the transmission control terminal adopts a private communication protocol, and the second interface 223a directly transmits the resource request to the user resource tracking server. Or, as shown in FIG.
  • the resource control request is sent by the second interface 223a to the corresponding server by using the http protocol, and the resource publishing server requests the resource.
  • the resource request is redirected to the transmission control end of the on-demand terminal, and the subsequent process is the same as that shown in FIG. 2. I will not repeat them here.
  • the user resource tracking server described in Fig. 1 records information of all resource nodes (i.e., nodes having uploaded resources).
  • the information includes information such as the unique identifier (P-ID) of all resource nodes, the IP address, and the network listening port. It also includes information such as the network type, network group number, and version number (such as the version number of the transmission control terminal).
  • the resource identifier (HASH) can be uploaded.
  • the specific implementation manner is: after the network on-demand system is established, using a private communication protocol, each of the on-demand terminals and the resource publishing server as a P2P resource node registers the P-ID, IP address, and network monitoring of the node with the user resource tracking server.
  • the port can upload information such as resource identifiers, and the user resource tracking server acquires and records the information.
  • the user resource tracking server 1 includes at least an information acquiring unit 11, a calculating unit 12, and a transmitting unit 13.
  • the information acquiring unit 11 is configured to acquire specific information and record when the resource node registers with the user resource tracking server 1, where the specific information includes resources representing the identity of the resource node.
  • the node information such as any one or any combination of the unique identifier P-ID, IP address, network listening port, and network type of the resource node.
  • resource information such as a unique identifier corresponding to each resource calculated by the HASH algorithm, is also included.
  • the information obtaining unit 11 receives the resource request, and transmits the resource request to the computing unit 12.
  • the computing unit 12 When the computing unit 12 receives a specific resource request, it analyzes the resource request, obtains the resource information to be requested, and determines which network group the on-demand terminal that sends the resource request is located, and determines and sends the resource request. The number of resource nodes having the resource in the same network group, if the determined number of resource nodes that meet the requirements is sufficient, such as within a certain quantity range, the resource nodes that meet the requirements are The information forms a resource list, and the resource list is sent to the on-demand terminal that issues the requested resource through the sending unit 13.
  • the information of the resource nodes having the resources in the other network groups in the entire system is the same as the resource nodes in the network group that meet the requirements.
  • the information together form a list of resources. That is, the resource node in the resource list may be from more than one network group.
  • the IP of the on-demand terminal A that sends the resource request is located in an IP segment, and the on-demand terminal B is located outside the IP segment.
  • the IP segment represents a network group.
  • resource nodes from other networks, such as the on-demand terminal B can be determined by various methods, such as the nearest route, or the download source is optimal, or only randomly selected.
  • the same network can be understood as a network provided by the same operator, and the IP segment where the on-demand terminal A is located is provided by the operator A as described above.
  • SP in the present invention, there may be a network provided by a plurality of different operators, but the nodes in each network and the nodes in the same network or other networks are P2P connection manners, and thus, the network on demand according to the present invention
  • the system as a whole is a P2P network.
  • the user resource tracking server in the P2P network provided by the present invention can actively identify the network topology of the network operator by calculating, so that the user can select the optimal or routed download source, thereby making the user resource tracking server The download speed of end users is greatly improved.
  • the present invention avoids the use of network resources between different networks, relieves network pressure, and eliminates resource waste of carrier bandwidth caused by repeated downloads, thereby reducing network loss and network cost. Based on this, network video operators can put more energy into copyright procurement, thus promoting the healthy development of the network video industry.
  • Step S1 the resource request is sent to the user resource tracking server 1 through the on-demand terminal 2.
  • the user can input the resource request in two ways: one is through the player 21a on the on-demand terminal 2, and the other is in the manner of using the web.
  • the signal transmission is as As shown in Figures 2 and 3, when the resource request is input, the URL of the file to be played on the network such as the internet may be input, or the custom protocol address may be used; when the resource request is input by using the web mode, the signal transmission is as shown in the figure. 4, 5, wherein, when the resource request is input, a specific resource link to be played may be selected on the current video webpage.
  • the resource request input through these two methods is sent to the user resource tracking server by the transmission control terminal of the on-demand terminal using a private communication protocol.
  • Step S2 When the user resource tracking server receives the resource request, the user resource tracking server parses, from the resource request, a node IP of an on-demand terminal that issues the resource request, and searches according to the node IP.
  • the IP-network group number comparison table stored in the user resource tracking server obtains the group number of the network group to which the on-demand terminal belongs;
  • Step S3 Retrieving resource node information stored by the user resource tracking server according to the received resource request, that is, the request for the resource (hash);
  • Step S4 determining, by the network group to which the on-demand terminal that sends the resource request belongs, how many resource nodes having the resource, that is, determining the number of resource nodes having the resource in the network group to which the resource belongs;
  • Step S5 determining whether the number of resource nodes that meet the requirements is within a predetermined number range, such as 40-50 (the number set for the system), if within the range, in step S6,
  • the information of the resource nodes that meet the requirements is formed into a resource list; if the determined number of resource nodes that meet the requirements is not large, the range is not reached, which is insufficient to meet the quantity requirement, and in steps S10 and S11, Combining the information of the resource node having the resource in the other network groups in the entire system with the information of the resource node in the network group that meets the foregoing requirements to form a resource list, that is, the resource node in the resource list, From more than one network group.
  • resource nodes from other networks can be determined in various ways.
  • Step S7 sending the resource list to the on-demand terminal
  • Step S8 The transmission control terminal in the on-demand terminal receives the resource list through the second interface, and uses the private communication protocol to interact with the resource node given in the resource list to obtain resources by using a P2P manner;
  • Step S9 The transmission control end in the on-demand terminal sends the acquired resource to the player. After decoding by the video/audio decoding module, the video image is presented to the user through the user interaction interface, and the sound is presented to the user through the sound single playback device. user.
  • step S8 after the resource is acquired by the on-demand terminal, the acquired resource is shared in the network, and an upload service is provided for the node that needs the resource.
  • the network on-demand system of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 further includes the resource distribution server 3, the resource distribution server 3 includes a resource uploading unit and a control unit, and the resource uploading unit is configured to provide resource uploading.
  • the service sends the node information and the resource information of the resource publishing server to the user resource tracking server.
  • the uploading control unit is configured to perform load balancing control when the resource uploading unit provides the resource uploading service.
  • the load balancing control includes two aspects. On one hand, when the resource publishing server 3 provides the same resource for multiple on-demand terminals, it is determined whether the number of requests for the resource reaches the maximum number of requests, for example, 50 on-demand broadcasts. The terminal provides the same resource, and if the maximum number of requests is exceeded, disconnects the newly linked on-demand terminal. When the number of requests is within the maximum number of requests, a new resource request is received.
  • the maximum number of requests for example, 50 on-demand broadcasts.
  • the resource publishing server acquires the number of resource nodes owning the uploaded resource from the user tracking server in the P2P network; determines whether the quantity reaches a predetermined range, and if so, the resource publishing server rejects the new connection to the resource. Download request.
  • the resource publishing server can effectively reduce the carrying capacity of the resource publishing server by controlling the uploading resources in the above two aspects.
  • the on-demand terminal 2 can be various types of network terminal terminals, such as personal computers, embedded devices, such as set top boxes, smart phones, and the like.
  • the resource distribution server 3 can be a server with specific content provided by any network provider, such as news, advertisements, dramas, movies, music, and the like.
  • the number of the user resource tracking server 1 is only one in FIG. 1, but it is not limited to this one, and may be multiple. When there are multiple, a distributed connection may be adopted.
  • the on-demand method and the on-demand system of the present invention can actively identify the network topology of the network operator, so that the user can select the optimal or routed download source, so that the download speed of the terminal user is greatly improved, and the on-demand system supports more users. At the same time, the ability of online has been greatly improved, and multi-user concurrent online smooth on-demand has been realized.
  • the present invention avoids the use of network resources between different networks, relieves network pressure, and eliminates resource waste of carrier bandwidth caused by repeated downloads, thereby reducing network loss and network cost.

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Abstract

本发明公开了一种音视频点播方法、服务器及终端，其中，该方法包括：接收来自点播终端的音视频资源请求；根据音视频资源请求确定点播终端所属网络；确定所属网络中具有音视频资源的资源节点；根据所属网络中具有音视频资源的资源节点生成资源列表；将资源列表发送给点播终端，以使点播终端根据资源列表获取音视频资源。本发明克服了现有P2P网络的点播系统的弊端，在多用户的并发在线流畅点播的同时，降低了网络系统的成本的损耗。

Description

音视频点播方法、 服务器及终端 技术领域
本发明涉及一种流媒体技术领域中的点播技术， 具体而言， 涉及应用 P2P(Peer to Peer)技术实现流媒体网络点播的点播方法和系统。
背景技术
目前大多数网络点播系统是基于 C/S的网络点播系统或者基于传统 P2P的网络点播 系统。
基于 C/S网络点播系统， 服务器通过数据传输协议， 如： HTTP, RTSP, MMS， FTP 等协议， 和客户端进行数据传输。 这种 C/S主从模式的点播系统， 需要大量服务器支撑 来共享分发资源， 占用带宽大， 建媒体资源站的成本较高， 海量并发点播效果不好。
P2P技术解决了主从模式点播的缺点， 可以满足流媒体的海量点播需求。 P2P(Peer to Peer)技术， 也称为点对点技术或者对等互联网络技术， P2P共享资源的方式与传统 C/S方式不同， P2P 网络的用户客户端之间可以相互提供资源包括带宽、 存储空间和计 算能力， 通俗地讲， 既可以下载资源， 也可以提供资源的上传， 不需要服务器做为支 撑， 也可以进行文件交互。 基于这种传统 P2P的网络媒体资源点播系统， 虽然实现了海 量 /大规模媒体点播， 并具有点播流畅、 建资源站成本低等优点， 但是也不可避免地遇到 了以下提到的问题， 尤其是媒体文件所耗用的网络资源更多， 问题显得更为突出。
这种传统的 P2P技术的对等操作策略， 一味强调用户对等操作， 导致资源在网络中 的位置不做区分一律平等地返回给用户， 最严重的后果就是网络资源被肆意使用， 同一 网络内的带宽被大量占用， 甚至可达 50%~80%， 致使骨干网传输压力大， 导致其他应用 程序在访问网络时严重堵塞； 另一方面， 由于 P2P技术在不同的网络间也交互可观的流 量， 从而直接导致不同的网络之间的流量堵塞， 并且产生相当高的运营成本。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是， 提供一种音视频点播方法、 服务器及终端， 可以高效 使用网络， 降低大规模网络媒体文件点播系统的成本和网络损耗， 实现多用户的并发在 线流畅点播。
为解决上述技术问题， 本发明提供了一种音视频点播方法， 该方法包括： 接收来自 点播终端的音视频资源请求； 根据所述的音视频资源请求确定所述点播终端所属网络； 确定所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点； 根据所述所属网络中具有所述音视频 资源的资源节点生成资源列表； 将所述的资源列表发送给所述的点播终端， 以使所述的 点播终端根据所述的资源列表获取音视频资源； 其中， 根据所述所属网络中具有所述音 视频资源的资源节点生成资源列表包括： 如果所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资 源节点的数量达到预定数量， 则根据所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点生 成所述的资源列表； 如果所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量未达到 预定数量， 则确定其他网络中的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点， 并根据所述其他网络 中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点和所述所属网络中具有资源的资源节点生成所述的资 源列表。
具体地， 所述点播终端根据所述资源列表获取音视频资源包括： 所述点播终端与所 述资源列表中的资源节点通过 P2P方式进行交互以获取所述音视频资源。
具体地， 所述接收来自点播终端的音视频资源请求包括： 通过私有通信协议接收来 自所述点播终端的音视频资源请求； 或者， 通过 http协议接收来自所述点播终端的经过 认证后的音视频资源请求。
上述的音视频资源请求确定所述点播终端所属网络包括： 根据所述的音视频资源请 求获取所述点播终端的节点 IP; 根据所述点播终端的节点 IP， 检索本地存储的 IP-网络组 号对照表， 得到获取所述点播终端所属网络的组号； 根据所述点播终端所属网络的组号 确定所述点播终端所属网络。
在接收来自点播终端的音视频资源请求之前， 所述的方法还包括： 接收并保存来自 资源节点的包括节点标识 P-ID、 节点 IP地址、 网络监听端口的节点信息。
上述的资源节点包括： 具有所述音视频资源的资源发布服务器和具有所述音视频资 源的点播终端， 其中， 所述的资源发布服务器具有负载均衡控制功能。
具体地， 所述资源发布服务器的负载均衡控制能力包括： 如果访问数量超过预定数 量， 则限制访问数量； 如果所述点播终端通过资源列表足以获取所述音视频资源， 则禁 止对所述点播终端提供下载服务。
本发明还提供了一种音视频点播方法， 所述的方法包括： 点播终端将包含音视频资 源的音视频资源请求发送至资源服务器； 所述点播终端接收来自所述资源服务器的资源 列表， 其中， 所述的资源列表包括属于所述点播终端所属网络的具有所述音视频资源的 资源节点； 所述点播终端根据所述的资源列表获取具有所述音视频资源的资源节点； 所 述点播终端与所述具有所述音视频资源的资源节点建立连接； 所述点播终端从所述具有 音视频资源的资源节点获取所述的音视频信息， 并在本地保存和播放。 所述的资源列表包括属于所述点播终端所属网络的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点 具体包括： 如果所述点播终端所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量达到预 定数量， 则所述资源列表包括所述点播终端所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节 点； 如果所述点播终端所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量未达到预定数 量， 则所述资源列表包括其他网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点和所述点播终端所 属网络中具有资源的资源节点。
本发明还提供了一种音视频点播服务器， 所述的服务器包括： 资源请求接收单元， 用于接收来自点播终端的音视频资源请求； 所属网络确定单元， 用于根据所述的音视频 资源请求确定所述点播终端所属网络； 资源节点确定单元， 用于确定所属网络中具有所 述音视频资源的资源节点； 资源列表生成单元， 用于根据所述所属网络中具有所述音视 频资源的资源节点生成资源列表； 资源列表发送单元， 用于将所述的资源列表发送给所 述的点播终端， 以使所述的点播终端根据所述的资源列表获取音视频资源；
其中， 所述的资源列表生成单元包括： 资源节点数量判断模块， 用于判断所述所属 网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量是否达到预定数量； 第一资源列表生成模 块， 用于在所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量达到所述预定数量 时， 根据所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点生成所述的资源列表； 资源节 点确定模块， 用于在所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量未达到预定 数量时， 确定其他网络中的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点； 第二资源列表生成模块， 用于在所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量未达到预定数量时， 根据 所述其他网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点和所述所属网络中具有资源的资源节点 生成所述的资源列表。
具体地， 所述的资源请求接收单元包括:第一资源请求接收模块， 用于通过私有通信 协议接收来自所述点播终端的音视频资源请求； 第二资源请求接收模块， 用于通过 http 协议接收来自所述点播终端的经过认证后的音视频资源请求。
所述的所属网络确定单元包括： 节点 IP获取模块， 用于根据所述的音视频资源请求 获取所述点播终端的节点 IP; 网络组号获取模块， 用于根据所述点播终端的节点 IP， 检 索本地存储的 IP-网络组号对照表， 得到获取所述点播终端所属网络的组号； 所属网络确 定模块， 用于根据所述点播终端所属网络的组号确定所述点播终端所属网络。
所述的服务器还包括： 节点信息接收单元， 用于接收并保存来自资源节点的包括节 点标识 P-ID、 节点 IP地址、 网络监听端口的节点信息。 上述的资源节点包括： 具有所述音视频资源的资源发布服务器和具有所述音视频资 源的点播终端， 其中， 所述的资源发布服务器具有负载均衡控制功能。
上述资源发布服务器的负载均衡控制能力包括： 如果访问数量超过预定数量， 则限 制访问数量； 如果所述点播终端通过资源列表足以获取所述音视频资源， 则禁止对所述 点播终端提供下载服务。
本发明还提供了一种音视频点播终端， 所述的终端包括： 资源请求发送单元， 用于 将包含音视频资源的音视频资源请求发送至资源服务器； 资源列表接收单元， 用于接收 来自所述资源服务器的资源列表， 其中， 所述的资源列表包括属于所述点播终端所属网 络的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点； 资源节点获取单元， 用于根据所述的资源列表获 取具有所述音视频资源的资源节点； 资源节点连接单元， 用于与所述具有音视频资源的 资源节点建立连接； 音视频信息获取单元， 用于从所述具有所述音视频资源的资源节点 获取所述的音视频信息， 并在本地保存和播放。
优选地， 所述资源列表在所述点播终端所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点 的数量未达到预定数量时， 还包括其他网络中的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点。
借助于上述技术方案至少之一， 通过基于 P2P技术， 对 P2P技术进行了改进， 在进行
P2P传输之前， 优先确定同一网络内的终端进行 P2P传输， 从而克服了现有基于 P2P网络 的点播系统的弊端， 由此可有效降低网络媒体文件点播系统的成本和网络损耗， 因此， 可以支持更多用户的并发在线， 实现更加流畅的点播。
附图说明
图 1为本发明所述网络点播系统的网络结构示意图；
图 2为本发明所述点播终端的一个具体实施例的结构及信号传输框图；
图 3为图 2所示点播终端的另一种信号传输框图；
图 4为本发明所述点播终端的另一个具体实施例的结构及信号传输框图； 图 5为图 4所示点播终端的另一种信号传输框图；
图 6为本发明所述用户资源跟踪服务器的一个具体实施例的结构及信号传输框图； 图 7为本发明所述网络点播方法的一个具体实施例的流程图。
具体实施方式
如图 1所示， 为本发明所述网络点播系统的网络结构示意图， 所述网络点播系统由 多个节点相互连接形成 P2P网络， 所述节点至少包括用户资源跟踪服务器 1和多个点播 终端 2， 所述多个点播终端 2位于一个以上不同的网络组 1至网络组 n中。 另外， 在该 网络点播系统中还可以包括一个或多个资源发布服务器 3， 这些资源发布服务器 3分布 于该 P2P网络中， 与其他节点采用 P2P的方式通讯， 用于上传资源， 向有需求的节点提 供特定内容， 并且， 可以对上传过程进行负载均衡控制。 其中， 具有上传资源的点播终 端 2和资源发布服务器 3可统称为资源节点。
如图 2所示， 所述点播终端 2包括一个或一个以上的播放器 21a和传输控制端 22a， 其结构连接关系及信号流向的一个具体实施例如图 2所示， 在所述点播终端上， 包括 1- m个播放器， 每一播放器包括用户交互界面 21 la、 视频 /音频解码模块 212a和数据通讯 接口 213a。 所述传输控制端 22a包括第一接口 221a、 传输控制模块 222a和第二接口 223a。
当用户通过点播终端的播放器用户交互界面 211a输入资源请求时， 播放器 21a向传 输控制端 22a请求资源信息和下载， 传输控制端 22a处理后向播放器 21a返回应答处理 结果， 包括网络资源的标识和下载的进度等。
具体地， 用户在用户交互界面 211a中输入资源请求， 所述数据通讯接口 213a接收 来自于用户交互界面 211a的资源请求， 将该资源请求发送给所述传输控制端 22a的第一 接口 221a， 通过所述传输控制端的第二接口 223a将该资源请求采用私有协议发送给用 户资源跟踪服务器 1 ; 并通过该第二接口 223a采用私有协议接收所述用户资源跟踪服务 器 1发送来的资源列表， 所述传输控制端 22a根据该资源列表给出的资源节点信息， 与 相应的资源节点 （如其他的具有上传资源的点播终端 2或用于提供特定内容的资源发布 服务器 3 ) 以 P2P方式交互取得相应的资源， 取得相应的资源的一个具体的实施方式 是， 所述传输控制端 22a在本地创建任务并将获得的数据存储到磁盘上， 另外一种具体 的实施方式是， 将数据保存在内存中。
所述播放器 21a通过所述数据通讯接口 213a、 传输控制端的第一接口 221a获得所请 求的资源数据， 并将该资源数据发送给所述视频 /音频解码模块 212a， 所述视频 /音频解 码模块 212a将解码后的数据发送给所述用户交互界面 211a和声音播放装置， 通过所述 用户交互界面 211a将视频呈现给用户， 通过声音播放装置把声音呈现给用户。 其中， 所 述播放器 21a从传输控制端 22a获得所请求的资源数据的一个具体实施方式是， 所述传 输控制端 22a应答播放器的资源请求， 主动并推送给播放器需求的数据。 另一种实施方 式是， 播放器不断地向传输控制端 22a发出请求， 传输控制端 22a不断地将播放器所请 求的数据推送给播放器； 第三种方式是， 传输控制端 22a向播放器提供保存位置信息和 下载进度信息， 播放器主动从保存位置读取数据， 这里的保存位置包括具体的磁盘位置 或内存地址。
另外一种方式如图 3所示， 用户采用播放器用户交互界面 211a输入资源请求时， 所 述数据通讯接口 213a接收来自于用户交互界面 211a的资源请求， 将该资源请求发送给 所述传输控制端 22a的第一接口 221a， 通过所述传输控制端的第二接口 223a由点播终端 上的传输控制端通过 http协议将所述资源请求发送到相应的服务器； 所述相应的服务器 可以为图 1 中的任一资源发布服务器， 该资源发布服务器对该资源请求进行认证、 解析 后， 将该资源请求重定向到该点播终端的传输控制端， 通过点播终端上的传输控制端将 所述重定向的资源请求发送给所述用户资源跟踪服务器。 其余过程与图 2所示的过程相 同， 在此不再赘述。
用户可以在图 2、 3中所示的播放器用户交互界面 211a输入资源请求， 也可以由点 播终端通过 Web的方式向某一特定服务器 （即该系统中的某一资源发布服务器） 发出资 源请求。 此时， 结构关系及信号流向如图 4、 5所示， 当点播终端在某一 Web网站上输 入资源请求时 （即在网站上选择可播放文件的资源链接） ， 对该资源请求的处理可以采 用图 2和图 3所示的两种方式之一来完成。 即如图 4所示， 由传输控制端采用私有通讯 协议， 由第二接口 223a将该资源请求直接发送给用户资源跟踪服务器。 或者如图 5所 示， 由传输控制端采用 http协议， 由第二接口 223a将该资源请求发送到对应的服务器 上， 如图 1 中的任一资源发布服务器， 该资源发布服务器对该资源请求进行认证、 解析 后， 将该资源请求重定向到该点播终端的传输控制端， 以后的过程与图 2所示的结构相 同。 在此不再赘述。
在本发明中， 图 1 中所述的用户资源跟踪服务器记载着所有资源节点 （即具有上传 资源的节点） 的信息。 这些信息包括所有资源节点的唯一标识 （P-ID) 、 IP地址和网络 监听端口等信息， 还包括网络类型、 网络组号、 版本号 （如传输控制端的版本号） 等信 息， 还包括拥有的可上传资源标识 （HASH) 。 具体实现方式是： 在所述网络点播系统 建立起来之后， 使用私有通讯协议， 每一个点播终端和资源发布服务器作为一个 P2P资 源节点向用户资源跟踪服务器注册节点的 P-ID、 IP地址和网络监听端口， 可上传资源标 识等信息， 用户资源跟踪服务器获取并记录这些信息。
如图 6所示， 所述用户资源跟踪服务器 1至少包括信息获取单元 11、 计算单元 12 和发送单元 13。 其中， 所述信息获取单元 11用于在资源节点向所述用户资源跟踪服务 器 1 注册时来获取具体信息并记录， 这里所述的具体信息包括代表资源节点身份的资源 节点信息， 如该资源节点的唯一标识 P-ID、 IP地址、 网络监听端口和网络类型中的任一 或任意组合。 另外， 还包括资源信息， 如通过 HASH算法计算出的每个资源对应的唯一 标识。 并在当有资源请求时， 信息获取单元 11接收该资源请求， 将该资源请求传送给所 述计算单元 12。
所述计算单元 12收到某一具体资源请求时， 对该资源请求进行分析， 获得要请求的 资源信息是什么， 发送该资源请求的点播终端位于哪一个网络组， 确定与发送该资源请 求的点播终端位于同一网络组内的、 具有该资源的资源节点的个数， 如果确定的符合要 求的资源节点的个数足够多， 如在某一个数量范围内， 则将该些符合要求的资源节点的 信息形成资源列表， 再将所述资源列表通过所述发送单元 13发送给发出所述请求资源的 点播终端。 如果确定的符合要求的资源节点的个数不多， 不足以满足要求， 再将整个系 统中的其他网络组中的具有该资源的资源节点的信息与前述符合要求的本网络组内的资 源节点的信息合在一起形成资源列表。 即， 在该资源列表中的资源节点， 可来自于一个 以上的网络组， 例如， 发出该资源请求的点播终端 A的 IP位于某一 IP段内， 而点播终 端 B位于该 IP段之外， 其中， 该 IP段代表着一个网络组。 其中， 来自于其他网络的资 源节点， 如点播终端 B， 可以由各种方式来确定， 如路由最近， 或下载源最优， 或仅是 随机选取。
在本发明中， 所述同一网络可以理解为由同一运营商提供的网络， 如前所述的点播 终端 A所在的 IP段由运营商甲提供。 SP， 在本发明中， 可存在着多个不同运营商提供 的网络， 但是， 每一网络中的节点与同一网络或其他网络中的节点为 P2P连接方式， 因 而， 本发明所述的网络点播系统整体上为一 P2P网络。 由于本发明所提供的 P2P网络中 的用户资源跟踪服务器可以在收到资源请求时， 可以通过计算， 主动识别网络运营商的 网络拓扑， 使得用户能够选取最优或路由最近的下载源， 从而使得终端用户的下载速度 大大提升。 另外， 本发明避免了不同网络之间的网络资源被肆意使用， 缓解了网络压 力， 消除了重复下载带来的运营商带宽的资源浪费， 从而降低了网络损耗和网络成本。 基于此， 网络视频运营商可以将更多精力放到版权采购中去， 从而推动网络视频产业的 健康发展。
根据图 7， 结合图 1、 图 2-5， 本发明提供的点播方法的具体实施例如下步骤： 步骤 Sl， 通过点播终端 2向用户资源跟踪服务器 1发送资源请求。
在该步骤中， 用户可以通过两种方式来输入资源请求： 一种是通过点播终端 2上的 播放器 21a， 另外一种是采用 web的方式。 当播放器 21a输入资源请求时， 信号传输如 图 2、 3所示， 其中， 在输入资源请求时， 可以输入 internet等网络上的要播放文件的 URL, 也可以是自定义协议地址； 当采用 web 的方式输入资源请求时， 信号传输如图 4、 5所示， 其中， 在输入资源请求时， 可以在当前视频网页上选择具体的要播放的资源 链接。 通过这两种方式输入的资源请求由点播终端的传输控制端使用私有通讯协议发送 给用户资源跟踪服务器。
步骤 S2， 所述用户资源跟踪服务器接收到所述资源请求时， 所述用户资源跟踪服务 器从所述资源请求中解析出发出所述资源请求的点播终端的节点 IP， 根据所述节点 IP， 检索所述用户资源跟踪服务器中存储的 IP-网络组号对照表， 得到该点播终端所属网络组 的组号；
步骤 S3， 根据接收到的资源请求， 即对资源 （hash) 的请求， 检索用户资源跟踪服 务器存储的资源节点信息；
步骤 S4， 确定发出该资源请求的点播终端所属网络组中有多少个具有该资源的资源 节点， 即确定所属网络组中具有该资源的资源节点的个数；
步骤 S5， 判断如果符合要求的资源节点的个数是否在一预定个数范围内， 如 40-50 个 （为该系统设定的个数） ， 如果在该范围内， 在步骤 S6中， 则将所述这些符合要求的 资源节点的信息形成资源列表； 如果确定的符合要求的资源节点的个数不多， 没有达到 这一范围， 不足以满足数量的要求， 在步骤 S10、 S11 中， 再将整个系统中的其他网络 组中的具有该资源的资源节点的信息与前述符合要求的本网络组内的资源节点的信息合 在一起形成资源列表， 即， 在该资源列表中的资源节点， 来自于一个以上的网络组。 其 中， 来自于其他网络的资源节点， 可以由各种方式来确定。
步骤 S7， 将所述资源列表发送给所述点播终端；
步骤 S8， 所述点播终端中的传输控制端通过第二接口接收该资源列表， 使用私有通 讯协议， 与所述资源列表中给出的资源节点通过 P2P方式进行交互以获取资源；
步骤 S9， 所述点播终端中的传输控制端将获取到的资源发送给播放器， 经过视频 / 音频解码模块的解码后， 视频图像通过用户交互界面呈现给用户， 声音通过声单播放装 置呈现给用户。
另外， 在步骤 S8中， 所述点播终端获取到资源后， 将获取到的资源在网络中共享， 为对该资源有需求的节点提供上传服务。
另外， 在图 1所示的本发明的网络点播系统中还包括所述资源发布服务器 3， 所述 资源发布服务器 3包括资源上传单元和控制单元， 所述资源上传单元用于提供资源上传 服务， 并将所述资源发布服务器的节点信息和资源信息发送给所述用户资源跟踪服务 器； 所述上传控制单元用于在所述资源上传单元提供资源上传服务时进行负载均衡控 制。
所述的负载均衡控制包括两个方面， 一方面， 当所述资源发布服务器 3为多个点播 终端提供同一资源时， 判断对该资源的请求数量是否达到了最大请求数量， 如为 50个点 播终端提供同一资源， 如果超出最大请求数量， 断开最新链接的点播终端的连接。 当请 求数量在最大请求数量内时， 再接收新的资源请求。
另一方面， 所述资源发布服务器从该 P2P网络中的用户跟踪服务器获取拥有其上传 资源的资源节点数量； 判断该数量是否达到预定的范围， 如果达到， 资源发布服务器拒 绝对该资源新连接的下载请求。
所述资源发布服务器通过上面两个方面的上传资源的控制， 可以有效降低所述资源 发布服务器的承载量。
在本发明中， 所述的点播终端 2可以为各种类型的网终终端， 如个人计算机、 嵌入 式设备， 如机顶盒、 智能手机等。 所述的资源发布服务器 3可以为任意网络提供商提供 的具有特定内容的服务器， 如新闻、 广告、 电视剧、 电影、 音乐等。 而用户资源跟踪服 务器 1的个数在图 1中只有 1个， 但并不限于这一个， 也可以是多个， 当有多个时， 可 以采用分布式连接。
通过本发明所述的点播方法和点播系统， 可以主动识别网络运营商的网络拓扑， 使 得用户能够选取最优或路由最近的下载源， 使得终端用户的下载速度大大提升， 点播系 统支持更多用户同时在线的能力大大提高， 实现了多用户的并发在线流畅点播。 另外， 本发明避免了不同网络之间的网络资源被肆意使用， 缓解了网络压力， 消除了重复下载 带来的运营商带宽的资源浪费， 从而降低了网络损耗和网络成本。
最后所应说明的是： 以上实施例仅用以说明本发明而非限制， 尽管参照较佳实施例 对本发明进行了详细说明， 本领域的普通技术人员应当理解， 在不脱离本发明的精神和 范围的前提下对本发明进行的修改或者等同替换， 均应涵盖在本发明的权利要求范围当 中。

Claims

权利要求书
1. 一种音视频点播方法， 其特征在于， 所述的方法包括：
接收来自点播终端的音视频资源请求；
根据所述的音视频资源请求确定所述点播终端所属网络；
确定所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点；
根据所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点生成资源列表；
将所述的资源列表发送给所述的点播终端， 以使所述的点播终端根据所述的资源列 表获取音视频资源；
其中， 根据所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点生成资源列表包括： 如果所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量达到预定数量， 则根据 所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点生成所述的资源列表；
如果所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量未达到预定数量， 则确 定其他网络中的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点， 并根据所述其他网络中具有所述音视 频资源的资源节点和所述所属网络中具有资源的资源节点生成所述的资源列表。
2.根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述点播终端根据所述资源列表获取音 视频资源包括：
所述点播终端与所述资源列表中的资源节点通过 P2P方式进行交互以获取所述音视 频资源。
3.根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述接收来自点播终端的音视频资源请 求包括：
通过私有通信协议接收来自所述点播终端的音视频资源请求； 或者，
通过 http协议接收来自所述点播终端的经过认证后的音视频资源请求。
4.根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 根据所述的音视频资源请求确定所述点 播终端所属网络包括：
根据所述的音视频资源请求获取所述点播终端的节点 IP;
根据所述点播终端的节点 IP， 检索本地存储的 IP-网络组号对照表， 得到获取所述点 播终端所属网络的组号；
根据所述点播终端所属网络的组号确定所述点播终端所属网络。
5.根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 在接收来自点播终端的音视频资源请求 之前， 所述的方法还包括：
接收并保存来自资源节点的包括节点标识 P-ID、 节点 IP地址、 网络监听端口的节点 自
6.根据权利要求 1所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述的资源节点包括：
具有所述音视频资源的资源发布服务器和具有所述音视频资源的点播终端， 其中， 所述的资源发布服务器具有负载均衡控制功能。
7.根据权利要求 6所述的方法， 其特征在于， 所述资源发布服务器的负载均衡控制能 力包括：
如果访问数量超过预定数量， 则限制访问数量；
如果所述点播终端通过资源列表足以获取所述音视频资源， 则禁止对所述点播终端 提供下载服务。
8.—种音视频点播方法， 其特征在于， 所述的方法包括：
点播终端将包含音视频资源的音视频资源请求发送至资源服务器；
所述点播终端接收来自所述资源服务器的资源列表， 其中， 所述的资源列表包括属 于所述点播终端所属网络的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点；
所述点播终端根据所述的资源列表获取具有所述音视频资源的资源节点； 所述点播终端与所述具有所述音视频资源的资源节点建立连接；
所述点播终端从所述具有音视频资源的资源节点获取所述的音视频信息， 并在本地 保存和播放。
9. 根据权利要求 8所述的音视频点播方法， 其特征在于， 所述的资源列表包括属于 所述点播终端所属网络的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点具体包括：
如果所述点播终端所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量达到预定数 量， 则所述资源列表包括所述点播终端所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点； 如果所述点播终端所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量未达到预定数 量， 则所述资源列表包括其他网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点和所述点播终端所 属网络中具有资源的资源节点。
10. 一种音视频点播服务器， 其特征在于， 所述的服务器包括：
资源请求接收单元， 用于接收来自点播终端的音视频资源请求；
所属网络确定单元， 用于根据所述的音视频资源请求确定所述点播终端所属网络； 资源节点确定单元， 用于确定所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点； 资源列表生成单元， 用于根据所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点生成 资源列表；
资源列表发送单元， 用于将所述的资源列表发送给所述的点播终端， 以使所述的点 播终端根据所述的资源列表获取音视频资源；
其中， 所述的资源列表生成单元包括：
资源节点数量判断模块， 用于判断所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点 的数量是否达到预定数量；
第一资源列表生成模块， 用于在所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的 数量达到所述预定数量时， 根据所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点生成所 述的资源列表；
资源节点确定模块， 用于在所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量 未达到预定数量时， 确定其他网络中的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点；
第二资源列表生成模块， 用于在所述所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的 数量未达到预定数量时， 根据所述其他网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点和所述所 属网络中具有资源的资源节点生成所述的资源列表。
11.根据权利要求 10所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 所述的资源请求接收单元包括： 第一资源请求接收模块， 用于通过私有通信协议接收来自所述点播终端的音视频资 源请求；
第二资源请求接收模块， 用于通过 http协议接收来自所述点播终端的经过认证后的 音视频资源请求。
12.根据权利要求 10所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 所述的所属网络确定单元包括： 节点 IP获取模块， 用于根据所述的音视频资源请求获取所述点播终端的节点 IP; 网络组号获取模块， 用于根据所述点播终端的节点 IP， 检索本地存储的 IP-网络组号 对照表， 得到获取所述点播终端所属网络的组号；
所属网络确定模块， 用于根据所述点播终端所属网络的组号确定所述点播终端所属 网络。
13.根据权利要求 10所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 所述的服务器还包括：
节点信息接收单元， 用于接收并保存来自资源节点的包括节点标识 P-ID、 节点 IP地 址、 网络监听端口的节点信息。
14、 根据权利要求 10所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 所述的资源节点包括： 具有所述音视频资源的资源发布服务器和具有所述音视频资源的点播终端， 其中， 所述的资源发布服务器具有负载均衡控制功能。
15、 根据权利要求 14所述的服务器， 其特征在于， 所述资源发布服务器的负载均衡 控制能力包括- 如果访问数量超过预定数量， 则限制访问数量；
如果所述点播终端通过资源列表足以获取所述音视频资源， 则禁止对所述点播终端 提供下载服务。
16、—种音视频点播终端， 其特征在于， 所述的终端包括：
资源请求发送单元， 用于将包含音视频资源的音视频资源请求发送至资源服务器； 资源列表接收单元， 用于接收来自所述资源服务器的资源列表， 其中， 所述的资源 列表包括属于所述点播终端所属网络的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点；
资源节点获取单元， 用于根据所述的资源列表获取具有所述音视频资源的资源节 点；
资源节点连接单元， 用于与所述具有音视频资源的资源节点建立连接；
音视频信息获取单元， 用于从所述具有所述音视频资源的资源节点获取所述的音视 频信息， 并在本地保存和播放。
17、 根据权利要求 16所述的音视频点播终端， 其特征在于， 所述资源列表在所述点 播终端所属网络中具有所述音视频资源的资源节点的数量未达到预定数量时， 还包括其 他网络中的具有所述音视频资源的资源节点。
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