WO2011151160A1 - Aircraft and corresponding power supply unit - Google Patents

Aircraft and corresponding power supply unit Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011151160A1
WO2011151160A1 PCT/EP2011/057839 EP2011057839W WO2011151160A1 WO 2011151160 A1 WO2011151160 A1 WO 2011151160A1 EP 2011057839 W EP2011057839 W EP 2011057839W WO 2011151160 A1 WO2011151160 A1 WO 2011151160A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
power supply
supply unit
energy
aircraft
kinetic energy
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/057839
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Matthias Bandorf
Carsten Duppe
Original Assignee
Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg filed Critical Schaeffler Technologies Gmbh & Co. Kg
Publication of WO2011151160A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011151160A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/28—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy
    • H02J3/30—Arrangements for balancing of the load in a network by storage of energy using dynamo-electric machines coupled to flywheels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
    • B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENTS OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
    • B64D41/00—Power installations for auxiliary purposes
    • B64D2041/005—Fuel cells
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/40—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle
    • H02J2310/44—The network being an on-board power network, i.e. within a vehicle for aircrafts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/16—Mechanical energy storage, e.g. flywheels or pressurised fluids
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/40—Application of hydrogen technology to transportation, e.g. using fuel cells

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a power supply unit for an aircraft, for example for a helicopter or for a fixed-wing aircraft.
  • the power supply unit is at least part of the power supply network, which is also referred to as vehicle electrical system.
  • the invention relates to an aircraft as such.
  • an emergency standby unit for a dynamic uninterruptible power supply is known, which is intended in particular for use in hospitals, computer centers and similar sensitive areas.
  • the emergency standby unit should ensure an emergency supply in case of emergency. It is also intended to compensate for the slightest fluctuations in the network and to ensure a nearly constant frequency.
  • the emergency standby unit to a generator and a generator drive motor, which are coupled to a serving as an energy storage separately driven flywheel system.
  • the support device serves to support a motor vehicle accumulator, which is loaded by a motor vehicle electrical system and by a motor vehicle starter.
  • the support Device includes a temporary energy storage and a coupling device.
  • the temporary energy storage can be designed as a memory of kinetic energy.
  • the temporary energy storage can be formed by a flywheel and connected to the flywheel electrical converter.
  • DE 27 16 538 C2 shows a method for controlling the position and for regulating the on-board voltage of a spacecraft.
  • an inertial arrangement to be operated in a generator mode is used to regulate the board voltage of the spacecraft.
  • an energy supply system of an aircraft which comprises at least one fuel cell. Consumers in the energy supply system are in communication with the fuel cell in such a way that they can be supplied with energy directly or indirectly by the fuel cell during emergency operation.
  • the energy supply system furthermore has at least one active energy store, which can supply the consumers with energy at least temporarily.
  • This solution is to ensure an uninterruptible power supply in emergency operation.
  • the energy supply system has a bidirectional converter, which enables a flow of energy from the energy store to the normal power supply of the aircraft. With regard to the bidirectional converter, it is proposed that it can also be supported by another energy present in the emergency supply, such as a flywheel, for example. The function of the flywheel is not described in detail.
  • the energy buffer device is used in particular to supply energy to a consumer in the aircraft. It is primarily intended to supply consumers who are only switched on for a short time, such as For example Hubantnebe for trolley lifts or hoist drives for bins or hatracks.
  • the energy buffer device comprises at least one energy store, which is preferably formed by a capacitor.
  • the above object is achieved by a power supply unit according to the appended claim 1.
  • the object is further achieved by an aircraft according to the appended claim 9.
  • the power supply unit according to the invention is provided for an aircraft. Consequently, the power supply unit according to the invention has features which make it suitable for use in an aircraft so that it differs from power supply units of a different kind, for example power supply units for motor vehicles or for spacecraft. The use determination has a restrictive effect.
  • the power supply unit according to the invention can be provided for any aircraft, for example for a helicopter or for a fixed-wing aircraft, such as a passenger plane or a transport plane.
  • the power supply unit according to the invention can for example form an auxiliary power unit (APU) of the aircraft.
  • APU auxiliary power unit
  • the power supply unit forms at least part of the power supply network of the aircraft.
  • Such power grids are also referred to as Bordnetze and serve to supply electrical consumers, such as electrical control devices for controlling the flight, facilities for starting engines, air conditioning, lighting or even by the passengers to be used electrical consumers.
  • the power supply according to the invention be formed by the power supply network as such, so that the power supply network of an aircraft in the same way is an object of the invention.
  • the power supply unit according to the invention comprises at least one energy supply component for providing electrical energy and an energy store. The energy supply component and the energy storage are used within the power supply unit for providing energy, whereby one or more consumers connected to the power supply unit can be supplied with electrical energy.
  • the energy supply component is characterized in that it provides electrical energy, for example as a storage in the form of a rechargeable battery or as a converter in the form of a fuel cell or an auxiliary power plant.
  • the energy storage device is characterized in that it can be charged with an amount of energy that can be removed from the energy store at a time of need.
  • the energy supply component differs from the energy store, in particular in that the energy supply component and the energy store are based on different principles of energy provision / storage.
  • the energy store is formed by a kinetic energy store. In the kinetic energy storage kinetic energy can be stored, which can be removed from the kinetic energy storage, if necessary. The extracted kinetic energy can be converted within the power supply unit into electrical energy to feed the consumers connected to the power supply unit.
  • the kinetic energy store can be formed for example by a rotatable flywheel.
  • a particular advantage of the power supply unit according to the invention is that the stored energy in the kinetic energy storage energy is available at extremely short notice, which is particularly important in emergency situations of particular importance.
  • the inventive Power supply unit be designed such that it can provide a device for controlling the aircraft, such as a landing flap of a fixed-wing aircraft or a Blattverstellsystem a helicopter in the short term with energy in an emergency situation to allow an emergency landing of the aircraft.
  • the kinetic energy store can be designed for a high load, so that it can provide large amounts of energy in an emergency situation.
  • kinetic energy storage acts largely independent of other systems for power supply, which among other things can be ensured that in case of damage at least one of the energy storage is available with a high probability. Also, the kinetic energy storage compared to other energy storage devices can be highly cyclically charged, without this having a negative effect on its life or reliability.
  • the kinetic energy store is designed for load peak compensation of the energy supply component.
  • energy can also be taken from the kinetic energy store in phases of increased power requirements, in particular during takeoff and landing or during use at a terminal. Consequently, no special power reduction of consumers, such as an air conditioner or cabin lighting is necessary.
  • this further comprises a generator for converting a kinetic energy of the kinetic energy store into electrical energy.
  • the power supply unit according to the invention preferably further comprises a connection unit for mechanical connection and / or for electrical connection of the generator.
  • the connection unit allows both the mechanical connection and the electrical connection of the generator. Due to the mechanical connection, the kinetic energy store is mechanically connected to the generator.
  • the connection unit preferably comprises a coupling, with which a shaft of the kinetic energy storage can be rotatably connected to a shaft of the generator.
  • connection unit preferably comprises electrical switching elements which electrically connect the generator to electrical components of the power supply unit.
  • connection unit it is possible to remove the kinetic energy stored in the kinetic energy store from the kinetic energy store at a time of demand and to make it available for the power supply.
  • the energy supply component can be any component for the provision of energy which is already used, for example, according to the prior art for power supply in aircraft.
  • the energy supply component is preferably formed by an accumulator, by an auxiliary power plant or by a fuel cell.
  • the energy supply component and the kinetic energy store complement each other in their properties with respect to the provision of energy, so that a secure energy supply is ensured by this combination.
  • this further comprises an electric motor for mechanically charging the kinetic energy store.
  • the electric motor can be used to make a flywheel of the kinetic energy storage to rotate. In this case, a conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy occurs.
  • the electrical energy for operating the electric motor can from the power grid of the Aircraft are removed, especially if it is fed by other units.
  • this can be designed such that the electric motor in an emergency situation by a drive generator, which is driven by an engine to drive the aircraft, can be fed. Consequently, the residual energy present in an emergency situation in the engine can be used to charge the kinetic energy store.
  • the engine can be driven by a ram-pressure turbine (Ram Air Turbine), which is put into operation, in particular in an emergency situation, for example by unfolding the ram-pressure turbine.
  • a ram-pressure turbine Rad Air Turbine
  • the generator and the electric motor are preferably formed by a single machine, which can be operated alternately in an engine operation and in a generator operation.
  • a low-cost coupling of the kinetic energy storage device to electrical components of the power unit according to the invention is made possible with only a single electric machine.
  • the power supply unit according to the invention preferably forms the electrical system of the aircraft, wherein the electrical system comprises the energy supply component and the kinetic energy store.
  • the aircraft according to the invention is formed for example by a helicopter or by a passenger plane.
  • the aircraft according to the invention is equipped with a power supply unit according to the invention equipped, wherein the power supply unit preferably forms parts or the entirety of the power supply network of the aircraft.
  • a particular advantage of the aircraft according to the invention is that the power supply in the aircraft meets high safety requirements.
  • the power supply is guaranteed even in special situations, such as during takeoff or during landing or even in emergency situations.
  • the kinetic energy store is furthermore designed for the short-term supply of a control device for controlling the aircraft.
  • a control device for controlling the aircraft for example, an aircraft according to the invention formed by a helicopter can be designed such that the emergency landing of the helicopter is made possible in the case of an engine failure in that the kinetic energy store enables blade adjustment on the rotor of the helicopter.
  • the fixed wing aircraft can be carried out by the extension of the flaps safe and accident-free landing.
  • the energy storage can provide the energy for it.

Abstract

The invention relates to a power supply unit for an aircraft, such as a helicopter or a fixed-wing aircraft. The power supply unit according to the invention comprises at least one power provision component for providing electrical energy and an energy store. According to the invention, the energy store is formed by a kinetic energy store. Kinetic energy can be stored in the kinetic store and can be withdrawn again when needed from the kinetic energy store. The withdrawn kinetic energy can be converted into electrical energy within the power supply unit, in order to feed consumers connected to the power supply unit. The kinetic energy store can be formed by a rotating centrifugal mass, for example.

Description

Bezeichnung der Erfindung Luftfahrzeug und Stromversorgungseinheit hierfür  Description of the Invention Aircraft and power supply unit therefor
Beschreibung Gebiet der Erfindung Description Field of the invention
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Stromversorgungseinheit für ein Luftfahrzeug, beispielsweise für einen Hubschrauber oder für ein Starrflügelflugzeug. Bei der Stromversorgungseinheit handelt es sich insbesondere um zumindest einen Teil des Stromversorgungsnetzes, welches auch als Bordnetz bezeichnet wird. Im Weiteren betrifft die Erfindung ein Luftfahrzeug als solches. The present invention relates to a power supply unit for an aircraft, for example for a helicopter or for a fixed-wing aircraft. In particular, the power supply unit is at least part of the power supply network, which is also referred to as vehicle electrical system. Furthermore, the invention relates to an aircraft as such.
Aus der DE 38 29 457 A1 ist ein Sofortbereitschaftsaggregat für eine dyna- mische unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung bekannt, welches insbesondere für die Verwendung in Krankenhäusern, EDV-Zentralen und ähnlich sensiblen Bereichen vorgesehen ist. Das Sofortbereitschaftsaggregat soll eine Notversorgung im Ernstfall gewährleisten. Auch soll es geringste Netzschwankungen ausgleichen und eine nahezu konstante Frequenz sicherstel- len. Hierfür weist das Sofortbereitschaftsaggregat einen Generator und einen Generatorantriebsmotor auf, die mit einem als Energiespeicher dienenden separat angetriebenen Schwungradsystem gekoppelt sind. From DE 38 29 457 A1 an emergency standby unit for a dynamic uninterruptible power supply is known, which is intended in particular for use in hospitals, computer centers and similar sensitive areas. The emergency standby unit should ensure an emergency supply in case of emergency. It is also intended to compensate for the slightest fluctuations in the network and to ensure a nearly constant frequency. For this purpose, the emergency standby unit to a generator and a generator drive motor, which are coupled to a serving as an energy storage separately driven flywheel system.
Aus der DE 10 2008 041 298 A1 sind eine Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zur Starterunterstützung in einem Kraftfahrzeug bekannt. Die Unterstützungsvorrichtung dient der Unterstützung eines Kfz-Akkumulators, welcher von einem Kfz-Bordnetz sowie von einem Kfz-Starter belastet wird. Die Unterstützungs- Vorrichtung umfasst einen Temporärenergiespeicher und eine Ankopplungs- einrichtung. Der Temporärenergiespeicher kann als Speicher kinetischer Energie ausgeführt sein. Beispielsweise kann der Temporärenergiespeicher durch eine Schwungmasse und einen mit der Schwungmasse verbundenen elektrischen Wandler gebildet sein. From DE 10 2008 041 298 A1 a device and a method for starter support in a motor vehicle are known. The support device serves to support a motor vehicle accumulator, which is loaded by a motor vehicle electrical system and by a motor vehicle starter. The support Device includes a temporary energy storage and a coupling device. The temporary energy storage can be designed as a memory of kinetic energy. For example, the temporary energy storage can be formed by a flywheel and connected to the flywheel electrical converter.
Die DE 27 16 538 C2 zeigt ein Verfahren zur Steuerung der Lage und zur Regulierung der Bordspannung eines Raumfahrzeuges. Bei diesem Verfahren wird eine in einem Generatorbetrieb zu betreibende Trägheitsanordnung dazu benutzt, die Bordspannung des Raumfahrzeuges zu regulieren. DE 27 16 538 C2 shows a method for controlling the position and for regulating the on-board voltage of a spacecraft. In this method, an inertial arrangement to be operated in a generator mode is used to regulate the board voltage of the spacecraft.
Aus der DE 10 2007 017 820 A1 ist ein Energieversorgungssystem eines Luftfahrzeuges bekannt, welches wenigstens eine Brennstoffzelle umfasst. Verbraucher im Energieversorgungssystem stehen mit der Brennstoffzelle derart in Verbindung, dass sie im Notbetrieb unmittelbar oder mittelbar von der Brennstoffzelle mit Energie versorgt werden können. Das Energieversorgungssystem weist weiterhin wenigstens einen aktiven Energiespeicher auf, welcher die Verbraucher zumindest zeitweise mit Energie versorgen kann. Diese Lösung soll eine unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgung im Notbetrieb gewährleisten. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform dieser Lösung weist das Energieversorgungssystem einen bidirektionalen Wandler auf, welcher einen Energiefluss von dem Energiespeicher zu der normalen Energieversorgung des Flugzeuges ermöglicht. In Bezug auf den bidirektionalen Wandler wird vorgeschlagen, dass dieser auch durch eine sonstige in der Notver- sorgung vorhandene Energie, wie beispielsweise eine Schwungmasse gestützt werden kann. Die Funktion der Schwungmasse wird jedoch nicht näher beschrieben. From DE 10 2007 017 820 A1, an energy supply system of an aircraft is known which comprises at least one fuel cell. Consumers in the energy supply system are in communication with the fuel cell in such a way that they can be supplied with energy directly or indirectly by the fuel cell during emergency operation. The energy supply system furthermore has at least one active energy store, which can supply the consumers with energy at least temporarily. This solution is to ensure an uninterruptible power supply in emergency operation. In a preferred embodiment of this solution, the energy supply system has a bidirectional converter, which enables a flow of energy from the energy store to the normal power supply of the aircraft. With regard to the bidirectional converter, it is proposed that it can also be supported by another energy present in the emergency supply, such as a flywheel, for example. The function of the flywheel is not described in detail.
Die DE 10 2005 002 545 A1 zeigt eine Energiepuffereinrichtung für ein Flug- zeug. Die Energiepuffereinrichtung dient insbesondere der Energieversorgung eines Verbrauchers in dem Flugzeug. Es sollen in erster Linie Verbraucher versorgt werden, welche nur kurzzeitig eingeschaltet werden, wie bei- spielsweise Hubantnebe für Trolly-Lifts oder Hubantriebe für Bins oder Hatracks. Die Energiepuffereinrichtung umfasst zumindest einen Energiespeicher, welcher bevorzugt durch einen Kondensator gebildet ist. Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht ausgehend vom Stand der Technik darin, die Stromversorgung in Luftfahrzeugen derart zu verbessern, dass diese jederzeit durch eine Stützung abgesichert werden kann, wobei die Stützung kurzfristig, insbesondere auch in Notsituationen verfügbar sein soll. DE 10 2005 002 545 A1 shows an energy buffer device for an aircraft. The energy buffer device is used in particular to supply energy to a consumer in the aircraft. It is primarily intended to supply consumers who are only switched on for a short time, such as For example Hubantnebe for trolley lifts or hoist drives for bins or hatracks. The energy buffer device comprises at least one energy store, which is preferably formed by a capacitor. The object of the present invention, starting from the prior art is to improve the power supply in aircraft such that it can be hedged at any time by a support, the support should be available in the short term, especially in emergency situations.
Die genannte Aufgabe wird durch eine Stromversorgungseinheit gemäß dem beigefügten Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die Aufgabe wird weiterhin durch ein Luftfahrzeug gemäß dem beigefügten Anspruch 9 gelöst. Die erfindungsgemäße Stromversorgungseinheit ist für ein Luftfahrzeug vorgesehen. Folglich weist die erfindungsgemäße Stromversorgungseinheit Merkmale auf, welche sie für die Verwendung in einem Luftfahrzeug auszeichnen, sodass sie sich von Stromversorgungseinheiten anderer Art, beispielsweise von Stromversorgungseinheiten für Kraftfahrzeuge oder für Raumfahrzeuge unterscheidet. Die Verwendungsbestimmung wirkt insoweit einschränkend. Die erfindungsgemäße Stromversorgungseinheit kann für ein beliebiges Luftfahrzeug vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise für einen Hubschrauber oder für einen Starrflügler, wie ein Passagierflugzeug oder ein Transportflugzeug. Die erfindungsgemäße Stromversorgungseinheit kann beispielsweise eine Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) des Luftfahrzeuges ausbilden. Jedenfalls bildet die Stromversorgungseinheit zumindest einen Teil des Stromversorgungsnetzes des Luftfahrzeuges. Derartige Stromversorgungsnetze werden auch als Bordnetze bezeichnet und dienen der Versorgung elektrischer Verbraucher, wie elektrische Steuerungseinrichtungen zur Steu- erung des Fluges, Einrichtungen zum Starten von Triebwerken, Klimaanlagen, Beleuchtungen oder auch von den Passagieren zu nutzende elektrische Verbraucher. Im Weiteren kann die erfindungsgemäße Stromversor- gungseinheit durch das Stromversorgungsnetz als solches gebildet sein, sodass das Stromversorgungsnetz eines Luftfahrzeuges in gleicher Weise einen Gegenstand der Erfindung darstellt. Die erfindungsgemäße Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst zumindest eine Energiebereitstellungskomponente zur Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie und einen Energiespeicher. Die Energiebereitstellungskomponente und der Energiespeicher dienen innerhalb der Stromversorgungseinheit zur Bereitstellung von Energie, wodurch ein oder mehrere an die Stromversorgungseinheit angeschlossene Verbraucher mit elektrischer Energie versorgt werden können. Die Energiebe- reitstellungskomponente zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass sie elektrische Energie bereitstellt, beispielsweise als Speicher in Form eines Akkumulators oder als Wandler in Form einer Brennstoffzelle oder eines Hilfstriebwerkes. Der Energiespeicher zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass er mit einer Energiemenge geladen werden kann, welche zu einem Bedarfszeitpunkt wieder aus dem Energiespeicher entnommen werden kann. Grundsätzlich unterscheidet sich die Energiebereitstellungskomponente von dem Energiespeicher, insbesondere dadurch, dass die Energiebereitstellungskomponente und der Energiespeicher auf unterschiedlichen Prinzipien der Energiebereitstellung/- speicherung basieren. Erfindungsgemäß ist der Energiespeicher durch ei- nen kinetischen Energiespeicher gebildet. In dem kinetischen Energiespeicher kann kinetische Energie gespeichert werden, welche im Bedarfsfall wieder aus dem kinetischen Energiespeicher entnommen werden kann. Die entnommene kinetische Energie kann innerhalb der Stromversorgungseinheit in elektrische Energie gewandelt werden, um die an die Strom- Versorgungseinheit angeschlossenen Verbraucher zu speisen. Der kinetische Energiespeicher kann beispielsweise durch eine drehbare Schwungmasse gebildet sein. The above object is achieved by a power supply unit according to the appended claim 1. The object is further achieved by an aircraft according to the appended claim 9. The power supply unit according to the invention is provided for an aircraft. Consequently, the power supply unit according to the invention has features which make it suitable for use in an aircraft so that it differs from power supply units of a different kind, for example power supply units for motor vehicles or for spacecraft. The use determination has a restrictive effect. The power supply unit according to the invention can be provided for any aircraft, for example for a helicopter or for a fixed-wing aircraft, such as a passenger plane or a transport plane. The power supply unit according to the invention can for example form an auxiliary power unit (APU) of the aircraft. In any case, the power supply unit forms at least part of the power supply network of the aircraft. Such power grids are also referred to as Bordnetze and serve to supply electrical consumers, such as electrical control devices for controlling the flight, facilities for starting engines, air conditioning, lighting or even by the passengers to be used electrical consumers. Furthermore, the power supply according to the invention be formed by the power supply network as such, so that the power supply network of an aircraft in the same way is an object of the invention. The power supply unit according to the invention comprises at least one energy supply component for providing electrical energy and an energy store. The energy supply component and the energy storage are used within the power supply unit for providing energy, whereby one or more consumers connected to the power supply unit can be supplied with electrical energy. The energy supply component is characterized in that it provides electrical energy, for example as a storage in the form of a rechargeable battery or as a converter in the form of a fuel cell or an auxiliary power plant. The energy storage device is characterized in that it can be charged with an amount of energy that can be removed from the energy store at a time of need. In principle, the energy supply component differs from the energy store, in particular in that the energy supply component and the energy store are based on different principles of energy provision / storage. According to the invention, the energy store is formed by a kinetic energy store. In the kinetic energy storage kinetic energy can be stored, which can be removed from the kinetic energy storage, if necessary. The extracted kinetic energy can be converted within the power supply unit into electrical energy to feed the consumers connected to the power supply unit. The kinetic energy store can be formed for example by a rotatable flywheel.
Ein besonderer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Stromversorgungseinheit besteht darin, dass die im kinetischen Energiespeicher gespeicherte Energie äußerst kurzfristig verfügbar ist, was insbesondere in Notsituationen von besonderer Bedeutung ist. Beispielsweise kann die erfindungsgemäße Stromversorgungseinheit derart ausgebildet sein, dass sie in einer Notsituation eine Einrichtung zum Steuern des Luftfahrzeuges, beispielsweise eine Landeklappe eines Starrflügelflugzeuges oder ein Blattverstellsystem eines Hubschraubers kurzfristig mit Energie versorgen kann, um eine Notlandung des Luftfahrzeuges zu ermöglichen. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Energiespeichern kann der kinetische Energiespeicher für eine hohe Belastung ausgeführt werden, sodass er in der Notsituation große Energiemengen bereitstellen kann. Ein weiterer Vorteil des kinetischen Energiespeichers besteht darin, dass er weitgehend unabhängig von anderen Systemen zur Energieversorgung fungiert, wodurch u. a. gewährleistet werden kann, dass in einem Schadensfall zumindest einer der Energiespeicher mit einer hohen Wahrscheinlichkeit verfügbar ist. Auch kann der kinetische Energiespeicher im Vergleich zu anderen Energiespeichern hoch zyklisch belastet werden, ohne dass sich dies negativ auf seine Lebensdauer oder Zuverlässigkeit auswirkt. A particular advantage of the power supply unit according to the invention is that the stored energy in the kinetic energy storage energy is available at extremely short notice, which is particularly important in emergency situations of particular importance. For example, the inventive Power supply unit be designed such that it can provide a device for controlling the aircraft, such as a landing flap of a fixed-wing aircraft or a Blattverstellsystem a helicopter in the short term with energy in an emergency situation to allow an emergency landing of the aircraft. In contrast to other energy storage devices, the kinetic energy store can be designed for a high load, so that it can provide large amounts of energy in an emergency situation. Another advantage of the kinetic energy storage is that it acts largely independent of other systems for power supply, which among other things can be ensured that in case of damage at least one of the energy storage is available with a high probability. Also, the kinetic energy storage compared to other energy storage devices can be highly cyclically charged, without this having a negative effect on its life or reliability.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stromversorgungseinheit ist der kinetische Energiespeicher zum Lastspitzenaus- gleich der Energiebereitstellungskomponente ausgebildet. Dadurch kann auch in Phasen erhöhten Leistungsbedarfs, insbesondere während des Starts und der Landung oder während des Einsatzes an einem Terminal, Energie aus dem kinetischen Energiespeicher entnommen werden. Folglich ist keine besondere Leistungsreduktion der Verbraucher, beispielsweise einer Klimaanlage oder einer Kabinenbeleuchtung notwendig. In a preferred embodiment of the power supply unit according to the invention, the kinetic energy store is designed for load peak compensation of the energy supply component. As a result, energy can also be taken from the kinetic energy store in phases of increased power requirements, in particular during takeoff and landing or during use at a terminal. Consequently, no special power reduction of consumers, such as an air conditioner or cabin lighting is necessary.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst diese weiterhin einen Generator zur Wandlung einer kinetischen Energie des kinetischen Energiespeichers in elektrische Energie. Mithilfe des Generators ist es möglich, elektrische Energie bereit- zustellen, welche als kinetische Energie dem Energiespeicher entnommen wurde. Die erfindungsgemäße Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst bevorzugt weiterhin eine Zuschalteinheit zum mechanischen Zuschalten und/oder zum elektrischen Zuschalten des Generators. Besonders bevorzugt erlaubt die Zuschalteinheit sowohl das mechanische Zuschalten als auch das elektrische Zuschalten des Generators. Durch das mechanische Zuschalten wird der kinetische Energiespeicher mit dem Generator mechanisch verbunden. Hierfür umfasst die Zuschalteinheit bevorzugt eine Kupplung, mit welcher eine Welle des kinetischen Energiespeichers mit einer Welle des Generators drehfest verbunden werden kann. Um den Generator elektrisch zuschalten zu können, umfasst die Zuschalteinheit bevorzugt elektrische Schaltelemente, welche den Generator elektrisch mit elektrischen Komponenten der Stromversorgungseinheit verbinden. Mithilfe der Zuschalteinheit ist es möglich, zu einem Bedarfszeitpunkt die im kinetischen Energiespeicher gespeicherte kinetische Energie aus dem kinetischen Energiespeicher zu entneh- men und zur Stromversorgung zur Verfügung zu stellen. In a preferred embodiment of the power supply unit according to the invention, this further comprises a generator for converting a kinetic energy of the kinetic energy store into electrical energy. Using the generator, it is possible to provide electrical energy, which was taken from the energy storage as kinetic energy. The power supply unit according to the invention preferably further comprises a connection unit for mechanical connection and / or for electrical connection of the generator. Particularly preferably, the connection unit allows both the mechanical connection and the electrical connection of the generator. Due to the mechanical connection, the kinetic energy store is mechanically connected to the generator. For this purpose, the connection unit preferably comprises a coupling, with which a shaft of the kinetic energy storage can be rotatably connected to a shaft of the generator. In order to be able to connect the generator electrically, the connection unit preferably comprises electrical switching elements which electrically connect the generator to electrical components of the power supply unit. With the aid of the connection unit, it is possible to remove the kinetic energy stored in the kinetic energy store from the kinetic energy store at a time of demand and to make it available for the power supply.
Bei der Energiebereitstellungskomponente kann es sich grundsätzlich um eine beliebige Komponente zur Bereitstellung von Energie handeln, die beispielsweise bereits gemäß dem Stand der Technik zur Stromversorgung in Luftfahrzeugen verwendet wird. Dabei ist die Energiebereitstellungskomponente bevorzugt durch einen Akkumulator, durch ein Hilfstriebwerk oder durch eine Brennstoffzelle gebildet. Die Energiebereitstellungskomponente und der kinetische Energiespeicher ergänzen sich in ihren Eigenschaften in Bezug auf die Bereitstellung von Energie, sodass durch diese Kombination eine sichere Energieversorgung gewährleistet ist. In principle, the energy supply component can be any component for the provision of energy which is already used, for example, according to the prior art for power supply in aircraft. In this case, the energy supply component is preferably formed by an accumulator, by an auxiliary power plant or by a fuel cell. The energy supply component and the kinetic energy store complement each other in their properties with respect to the provision of energy, so that a secure energy supply is ensured by this combination.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stromversorgungseinheit umfasst diese weiterhin einen elektrischen Motor zum mechanischen Laden des kinetischen Energiespeichers. Beispielsweise kann der elektrische Motor dazu dienen, eine Schwungmasse des kinetischen Energiespeichers zum Rotieren zu bringen. Dabei erfolgt eine Wandlung elektrischer Energie in kinetische Energie. Die elektrische Energie zum Betreiben des elektrischen Motors kann aus dem Stromversorgungsnetz des Luftfahrzeuges entnommen werden, insbesondere dann, wenn dieses durch andere Aggregate gespeist wird. In a preferred embodiment of the power supply unit according to the invention, this further comprises an electric motor for mechanically charging the kinetic energy store. For example, the electric motor can be used to make a flywheel of the kinetic energy storage to rotate. In this case, a conversion of electrical energy into kinetic energy occurs. The electrical energy for operating the electric motor can from the power grid of the Aircraft are removed, especially if it is fed by other units.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stromver- sorgungseinheit kann ist diese derart ausgeführt, dass der elektrische Motor in einer Notfallsituation durch einen Treibwerksgenerator, welcher durch ein Triebwerk zum Antrieb des Luftfahrzeuges angetrieben wird, gespeist werden kann. Folglich kann die in einer Notfallsituation in dem Triebwerk vorhandene Restenergie zum Laden des kinetischen Energiespeichers genutzt werden. In a preferred embodiment of the power supply unit according to the invention this can be designed such that the electric motor in an emergency situation by a drive generator, which is driven by an engine to drive the aircraft, can be fed. Consequently, the residual energy present in an emergency situation in the engine can be used to charge the kinetic energy store.
Bei einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stromversorgungseinheit ist der Motor durch eine Staudruckturbine (Ram Air Turbine) antreibbar, welche insbesondere in einer Notfallsituation in Betrieb genommen wird, beispielsweise durch ein Ausklappen der Staudruckturbine. In a further preferred embodiment of the power supply unit according to the invention, the engine can be driven by a ram-pressure turbine (Ram Air Turbine), which is put into operation, in particular in an emergency situation, for example by unfolding the ram-pressure turbine.
Der Generator und der elektrische Motor sind bevorzugt durch eine einzige Maschine gebildet, welche alternierend in einem Motorbetrieb und in einem Generatorbetrieb betrieben werden kann. Hierdurch ist eine aufwandsarme Kopplung des kinetischen Energiespeichers an elektrische Komponenten der erfindungsgemäßen Stromeinheit mit nur einer einzigen elektrischen Maschine ermöglicht. The generator and the electric motor are preferably formed by a single machine, which can be operated alternately in an engine operation and in a generator operation. As a result, a low-cost coupling of the kinetic energy storage device to electrical components of the power unit according to the invention is made possible with only a single electric machine.
Die erfindungsgemäße Stromversorgungseinheit bildet bevorzugt das Bordnetz des Luftfahrzeuges, wobei das Bordnetz die Energiebereitstellungskomponente und den kinetischen Energiespeicher umfasst. Das erfindungsgemäße Luftfahrzeug ist beispielsweise durch einen Hubschrauber oder durch ein Passagierflugzeug gebildet. Das erfindungsgemäße Luftfahrzeug ist mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Stromversorgungseinheit ausgestattet, wobei die Stromversorgungseinheit bevorzugt Teile oder die Gesamtheit des Stromversorgungsnetzes des Luftfahrzeuges bildet. The power supply unit according to the invention preferably forms the electrical system of the aircraft, wherein the electrical system comprises the energy supply component and the kinetic energy store. The aircraft according to the invention is formed for example by a helicopter or by a passenger plane. The aircraft according to the invention is equipped with a power supply unit according to the invention equipped, wherein the power supply unit preferably forms parts or the entirety of the power supply network of the aircraft.
Ein besonderer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Luftfahrzeuges besteht dar- in, dass die Stromversorgung im Luftfahrzeug hohen Sicherheitsanforderungen gerecht wird. Dabei ist die Stromversorgung auch in besonderen Situationen, wie beispielsweise während des Starts oder während der Landung oder auch in Notsituationen gewährleistet. Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Luftfahrzeuges ist der kinetische Energiespeicher weiterhin zur kurzzeitigen Versorgung einer Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Luftfahrzeuges ausgebildet. Beispielsweise kann ein durch einen Hubschrauber gebildetes erfindungsgemäßes Luftfahrzeug derart ausgebildet sein, dass bei einem Trieb- werksausfall die Notlandung des Hubschraubers dadurch ermöglicht wird, dass der kinetische Energiespeicher eine Blattverstellung am Rotor des Hubschraubers ermöglicht. Beim Starrflugler kann durch das Ausfahren der Landeklappen eine sichere und unfallfreie Landung durchgeführt werden. Der Energiespeicher kann dafür die Energie liefern. A particular advantage of the aircraft according to the invention is that the power supply in the aircraft meets high safety requirements. The power supply is guaranteed even in special situations, such as during takeoff or during landing or even in emergency situations. In a preferred embodiment of the aircraft according to the invention, the kinetic energy store is furthermore designed for the short-term supply of a control device for controlling the aircraft. For example, an aircraft according to the invention formed by a helicopter can be designed such that the emergency landing of the helicopter is made possible in the case of an engine failure in that the kinetic energy store enables blade adjustment on the rotor of the helicopter. In the fixed wing aircraft can be carried out by the extension of the flaps safe and accident-free landing. The energy storage can provide the energy for it.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
Stromversorgungseinheit für ein Luftfahrzeug, umfassend eine Energiebereitstellungskomponente zur Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie und einen Energiespeicher, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Energiespeicher durch einen kinetischen Energiespeicher gebildet ist. Power supply unit for an aircraft, comprising an energy supply component for providing electrical energy and an energy store, characterized in that the energy store is formed by a kinetic energy store.
Stromversorgungseinheit nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der kinetische Energiespeicher zum Lastspitzenausgleich der Energiebereitstellungskomponente ausgebildet ist. Power supply unit according to claim 1, characterized in that the kinetic energy store is designed for load peak compensation of the energy supply component.
Stromversorgungseinheit nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin einen Generator zur Wandlung einer kinetischen Energie des kinetischen Energiespeichers in elektrische Energie umfasst. Power supply unit according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it further comprises a generator for converting a kinetic energy of the kinetic energy storage into electrical energy.
Stromversorgungseinheit nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin eine Zuschalteinheit zum mechanischen Zuschalten und/oder zum elektrischen Zuschalten des Generators umfasst. Power supply unit according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises a connection unit for mechanical connection and / or for electrical connection of the generator.
Stromversorgungseinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Energiebereitstellungskomponente durch einen Akkumulator, durch ein Hilfstriebwerk oder durch eine Brennstoffzelle gebildet ist. Power supply unit according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the energy supply component is formed by a rechargeable battery, by an auxiliary power plant or by a fuel cell.
Stromversorgungseinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie weiterhin einen elektrischen Motor zum mechanischen Laden des kinetischen Energiespeichers umfasst. Power supply unit according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it further comprises an electric motor for mechanically charging the kinetic energy store.
7. Stromversorgungseinheit nach einem auf Anspruch 3 rückbezogenen Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der elektrische Motor und der Generator durch eine einzige elektrische Maschine gebildet sind. 7. Power supply unit according to claim 3 dependent on claim 3, characterized in that the electric motor and the generator are formed by a single electric machine.
8. Stromversorgungseinheit nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, dass der Motor durch eine Staudruckturbine antreibbar ist. 8. Power supply unit according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the motor is driven by a ram pressure turbine.
9. Luftfahrzeug mit einer Stromversorgungseinheit nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8. 9. An aircraft with a power supply unit according to one of claims 1 to 8.
10. Luftfahrzeug nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der kinetische Energiespeicher weiterhin zur kurzzeitigen Versorgung einer Steuereinrichtung zum Steuern des Luftfahrzeuges ausgebildet ist. 10. An aircraft according to claim 9, characterized in that the kinetic energy store is further designed for the short-term supply of a control device for controlling the aircraft.
PCT/EP2011/057839 2010-06-02 2011-05-16 Aircraft and corresponding power supply unit WO2011151160A1 (en)

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