WO2011141324A1 - Composite filter floor element that can be firmly attached by interlocking - Google Patents

Composite filter floor element that can be firmly attached by interlocking Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011141324A1
WO2011141324A1 PCT/EP2011/057018 EP2011057018W WO2011141324A1 WO 2011141324 A1 WO2011141324 A1 WO 2011141324A1 EP 2011057018 W EP2011057018 W EP 2011057018W WO 2011141324 A1 WO2011141324 A1 WO 2011141324A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
floor
element according
skin
strainers
filter
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2011/057018
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Laurent Pred'homme
Jérôme CORDAY
Original Assignee
Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support filed Critical Veolia Water Solutions & Technologies Support
Publication of WO2011141324A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011141324A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/02—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration
    • B01D24/20—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof with the filter bed stationary during the filtration the filtering material being provided in an open container
    • B01D24/24—Downward filtration, the container having distribution or collection headers or pervious conduits
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D24/00—Filters comprising loose filtering material, i.e. filtering material without any binder between the individual particles or fibres thereof
    • B01D24/46—Regenerating the filtering material in the filter
    • B01D24/4631—Counter-current flushing, e.g. by air

Definitions

  • the field of the invention is that of the treatment of fresh or salt water for the purpose of its purification or that of wastewater for the purpose of purification.
  • the invention relates to water treatment plants by gravity filtration or under pressure.
  • Gravity filtration or pressurized water treatment installations conventionally comprise a perforated floor which delimits an upper chamber and a lower chamber.
  • the upper chamber is intended to accommodate a filter medium such as activated carbon, sand ..., which rests on the floor.
  • the lower chamber is intended to collect the filtered water.
  • strainers which have a head protruding into the upper chamber and a tail which extends into the lower chamber.
  • the tail has filtered water outlets, and air inlet and / or wash water ports.
  • the head has orifices for the passage of treated water and air and / or washing water.
  • the water to be treated is conveyed into the upper chamber of the filter and flows under the effect of gravity or a hydraulic load through the filter media depending on whether the filter is of the gravity type or under pressure.
  • the filtered water then passes through the orifices on the head of the strainers and flows into the lower chamber before being collected or conveyed to a downstream treatment.
  • the filter mass is charged particles initially in the presence of water: the filter clogs. Filter washing operations are then implemented to ensure its unclogging. For this, water and / or air are injected into the filter against current through the holes provided for this purpose in the tail of each strainer.
  • the floors used in this type of water treatment plant are made in the form of a reinforced concrete slab made of a mixture made in particular from cement, sand, gravel. and mixing water in which is embedded a metal frame as a lattice.
  • the waters to be treated generally contain aggressive substances and are therefore mostly corrosive.
  • these substances have a tendency to penetrate and diffuse inside the cement matrix of the slab and to reach the metal reinforcement that is immersed in it.
  • This phenomenon is accompanied by a degradation of the metal reinforcement by corrosion, which weakens the slab.
  • the reinforced concrete slabs are very heavy. Their surface weight is indeed between 150 and 300 kg / m 2 .
  • the foundations of the supporting elements on which they rest must therefore be very widely dimensioned which represents a significant cost item. Their significant weight also induces that these slabs are difficult to handle.
  • Their installation requires the use of complex lifting equipment, such as cranes, and the use of skilled labor which has a significant impact on their cost of implementation.
  • the presence of metal reinforcements in the slab poses problems in the distribution of the strainers through the slab.
  • the location of the strainers is initially defined. Then, the reinforcement is implanted accordingly. It is then understood that the implantation of the metal reinforcements is limited to those areas of the slab that do not have a strainer. This constraint implies a great know-how in the manufacture of these slabs.
  • This type of floor can also cause problems at the end of life because it is relatively difficult to separate the elements that make it up, especially reinforcement and concrete.
  • the floors used in this type of water treatment plant are made of composite material.
  • a floor comprising a core consisting of a polypropylene plate having a honeycomb structure interposed between a lower plate and a top plate made of composite material.
  • a floor is assembled by bonding the core and plates, and is traversed by a plurality of strainers.
  • This type of floor has the advantage of offering high mechanical strength for reduced weight, good resistance to corrosion, and to facilitate and optimize the distribution of the strainers.
  • this type of floor incorporates many materials which makes it difficult to monitor and trace their construction for the granting and monitoring of a Sanitary Compliance Approval for the production of drinking water.
  • the self-supporting floors of the "Leopold" type are known.
  • Floors of this type consist of an assembly of boxes whose upper walls are composed of a synthetic filter material, and which rest directly on the bottom of the filter. They include a plurality of cones whose tip is upward to admit air to unclog the filter mass resting on the floor.
  • the invention particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.
  • an object of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment, a filtering floor which is easy to set up.
  • the invention has the objective of providing, in at least one embodiment, such a floor which is light while offering excellent mechanical strength.
  • Another object of the invention is to implement, in at least one embodiment, such a filtering floor which is resistant to corrosion.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a filter floor which facilitates the installation of strainers.
  • the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a filter floor which is reliable, relatively inexpensive and whose treatment at the end of life poses little or no problem.
  • a filtering floor element comprising a fiberglass-reinforced composite material section having a lower skin and an upper skin for supporting a filtering medium, said section being traversed by a plurality of holes passing through said lower and upper skins, said lower and upper skins being separated by reinforcements with which they define juxtaposed internal cavities, said section having two opposite edges of complementary shapes in such a way said floor element can be assembled to another similar floor element by interlocking.
  • the invention is based on a completely original approach which consists in producing a filtering floor by fitting a plurality of floor elements made of composite material reinforced with glass fibers having a lower skin and a upper skin separated by reinforcements with which they define internal cavities.
  • Such floor elements have the advantages of being very light (they have a surface weight of less than 25 kg / m 2 ) and very resistant. They can thus be easily manipulated to be nested within each other to compose a filtering floor in a simple manner, that is to say without requiring the use of complex lifting tools and the use of a hand skilled worker.
  • these floor elements are made of composite material, they have a high resistance to corrosion which guarantees a long service life.
  • the absence of metal reinforcement within their structure also facilitates the installation of strainers in a homogeneous distribution to improve flow flow through the floor and the filter of which it is part.
  • said edges define a single-lip seal.
  • said edges define a double or triple lip seal.
  • said bores are formed in one of said cavities out of two.
  • a floor element according to the invention comprises an upper skin and a lower skin separated by reinforcements or stiffeners allows it to benefit from excellent mechanical strength given that there are many areas wherein the fibers of the composite material constituting it are not broken.
  • the fact that the holes are formed in a cavity on two contributes to further increase the mechanical strength of a filter floor composed by the interlocking of a plurality of floor elements according to the invention.
  • the non-perforated part is in this case a real square integral profile, like those used in composite structures.
  • said bores house strainers, said strainers comprising a tubular shank of which a first end is partly threaded and opens on a diffusion head resting against said upper skin, said strainers being screwed into inserts comprising a tubular element whose one end is partially threaded and the other end has a shoulder resting against said lower skin.
  • This implementation makes it possible to prevent filtered water from entering the cavities or cavities of a floor element during the treatment of water, which contributes to limiting microbial growth. This further allows to secure strainers on a thin skin, for example of the order of 3 to 8 millimeters.
  • each of said inserts comprises rotational locking means of said insert inside the bore in which it is introduced.
  • This implementation makes it easier to install the strainers because it is not necessary to maintain the insert to prevent it from rotating when a strainer is screwed into it.
  • Each of said inserts preferably comprises means for holding said insert inside the bore in which it is introduced when it does not cooperate with any strainer.
  • said rotational locking means and / or said holding means advantageously comprise at least one lug joining said tubular element and said shoulder.
  • the implementation of one or more pins on the inserts makes it possible to fulfill these functions in a simple, economical, but effective manner.
  • Maintaining an insert inside the bore in which it is introduced when it does not cooperate with any strainer can also be obtained by forcibly inserting pinsert in the floor element during its introduction.
  • an element according to the invention comprises self-carrying means which will preferably comprise feet.
  • the present invention also covers a filter floor comprising a plurality of floor elements as described above, said elements being assembled to one another by interlocking.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a portion of a floor element according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a portion of a variant of the floor element illustrated in FIG. 1 in which the density per square of drilling therethrough is greater;
  • Figure 3 illustrates a strainer intended to be secured to a floor element according to the invention
  • Figure 4 illustrates an insert intended to be implemented to secure the strainer shown in Figure 3 to a floor element according to the invention
  • Figure 5 illustrates the attachment of a strainer to a floor element according to the invention
  • FIG. 6 illustrates support means for floor elements according to the invention
  • Figure 7 illustrates a sectional view of the interlocking assembly of two floor elements according to the invention
  • Figure 8 illustrates a partial perspective view of the assembly of a plurality of floor elements according to the invention on a beam
  • Figure 9 illustrates the implementation of an angle at the periphery of a floor constituted by the assembly of floor elements according to the invention.
  • Figure 10 illustrates a partial perspective view of a cross member at the junction between floor elements according to the invention
  • Figures 11 and 12 illustrate two variants of the songs of a floor element according to the invention.
  • the general principle of the invention is based on the implementation of floor elements made of composite material reinforced with glass fibers having a lower skin and an upper skin separated by reinforcements with which they define internal cavities to build a filtering floor by interlocking.
  • Floor elements according to the invention are very light and very resistant. They can thus be easily manipulated to be nested within each other to compose a filtering floor in a simple manner, without the use of complex lifting tools and the use of a skilled workforce. They also have a high resistance to corrosion which guarantees a long service life. In addition, the flows through the floor are improved by a homogeneous implantation of the strainers made possible given the lack of metal reinforcement in the floor elements.
  • Example of a floor element according to the invention In relation with FIG. 1, an embodiment of a floor element according to the invention is presented.
  • such a floor element 10 is in the form of an elongated section made of composite material reinforced with glass fibers.
  • this floor element 10 is pultruded. It has a length of six meters, a width of sixty centimeters and a mass of about 22.5 kg / m 2 .
  • the composite material of which the floor element 10 is made comprises a thermosetting resin matrix.
  • This resin can be polyester, vinylester or epoxy depending on the aggressiveness of the water to be treated.
  • the matrix is reinforced by:
  • composition is complemented by a polyester fiber-based non-woven surface covering the outer surface to provide additional protection against chemical and / or atmospheric hazards such as UV radiation.
  • It comprises a lower skin 12 and an upper skin 1 1 substantially parallel to each other. These lower skins 12 and upper 11 are separated by reinforcements 13 which in this embodiment extend substantially perpendicularly to the lower skins 12 and upper 11.
  • the lower skin 12 and upper 11, and the reinforcing elements 13 have a thickness of about four millimeters. This thickness may be between three and eight millimeters and preferably between four and six millimeters. The distance between the lower and upper skins 11 is about eighty millimeters.
  • the lower skin 12 and upper 1 1 define with the reinforcements 13 internal cavities 14.
  • the profile of this floor element 10 has two opposing edges 16 and 17 of complementary shapes.
  • two similar floor elements 10 can be assembled by interlocking by engaging the edge 16 of one of them with the edge 17 of the other.
  • the edge 16 has a concave arcuate section, that is to say which is turned towards the inside of the profile.
  • the edge 17 has a convex circular arc section, that is to say that protrudes outside the profile.
  • the dimensions of these edges 16 and 17 are chosen such that the surface of the lower skins 12 and upper 1 1 of consecutive floor elements 10 are preferably substantially contiguous.
  • the edges 16 and 17 of two consecutive floor elements 10 form a single lip seal.
  • the edge 16 may have an S-shaped section 110.
  • the edge 17 will then have a complementary "S" -shaped section 111.
  • the edges 16 and 17 of two floor elements 10 nested one inside the other will then form a double lip seal.
  • the edge 16 may have a sinusoidal section with three ridges, that is to say in the form of camel back 120.
  • the song 1 7 will then have a complementary shaped section 121.
  • the edges 16 and 17 of two floor elements 10 nested one inside the other will then form a triple lip seal.
  • the floor element 10 is traversed by a plurality of holes 15.
  • Each of these holes 15 passes through the upper skin 1 1, the lower skin 12 along an axis which is essentially perpendicular thereto, and passes through the inner cavity 14 delimited by these two skins 11, 12.
  • holes 15 are uniformly distributed through the floor element 10 along rectilinear axes placed at regular intervals, parallel to the main axis of the cavities 14, passing in the plane defined by one of the skins 11, 12 and extending essentially between two reinforcing elements 13.
  • the holes 15 are formed in a cavity 14 of two.
  • the bores 15 are provided at through each of the inner cavities 14.
  • the drilling density 15 is higher which will increase the number of strainers secured to the floor and thereby the flow of fluids through it.
  • the mechanical strength of the floor will however be slightly reduced.
  • the density of the holes 15 will preferably be of the order of fifty holes 15 per square meter of floor.
  • a floor element 10 has:
  • the holes 15 can accommodate strainers 30.
  • strainers 30 comprise, as shown in Figure 3, a shank 32.
  • This shank 32 is in the form of a tube of cylindrical section. Its diameter is slightly less than that of the holes 15 so that it can be accommodated.
  • a first end of this tubular element has a threaded portion 33 which opens onto a diffusion head 31.
  • Each strainer 30 is secured to the floor element 10 by means of an insert 40.
  • Each insert 40 comprises, as shown in Figure 4, a tubular element 41 of cylindrical section. Its diameter is slightly greater than that of the holes 15 so that it can be accommodated by force.
  • This tubular element 41 has a tapped end 43. Its other end has a shoulder 42.
  • the shoulder 42 and the tubular element 41 are joined by a lug 44 extending over a portion of their periphery.
  • Each strainer 30 is secured to a floor element 10 in the following manner.
  • An insert 40 is force-fitted into an interior cavity 14 by introducing its threaded end 43 into a bore 15 passing through the lower skin 12 of the floor element 10. It is pushed inside this bore 15 until that its shoulder 42 bears against the lower skin 12. In this position, the lug 44 cooperates with a complementary shaped housing formed in the lower skin 12. The insert 40 is then locked in rotation inside ⁇ floor element 10.
  • inserting the insert 40 into a bore 15 makes it possible to ensure the function of holding this insert 40 inside the bore 15 into which it is inserted when it is not cooperating. with no strainer 30.
  • the lug 44 provides the rotational locking function of the insert 40 inside the bore 15 into which it is introduced.
  • the lug 40 can provide these two functions.
  • a flat annular seal (not shown) is placed around the shank 32 of a strainer 30.
  • This shank 32 is then inserted through the bore 15 which passes through the upper skin 11 and opens into the interior cavity 14 in which the insert 40 has been previously introduced.
  • the tail 32 is slid inside the insert 40 until its threaded portion 33 comes into contact with the threaded portion 43 of the insert 40.
  • the strainer 30 is then screwed into the insert 40 so that such that the annular seal is compressed between the diffusion head 31 and the upper skin 1 1 of the floor element 10.
  • the locking of the strainer 30 in the insert 40 can be obtained by means of a hexagon key cooperating with a complementary shaped element formed on the surface of the diffusion head 31.
  • a gravity filter comprises a tank having a bottom, or base, at the periphery of which vertical walls extend.
  • a floor is made inside this tank so as to delimit a lower chamber and an upper chamber.
  • the support of the floor is provided by means of beams 60 distant from each other by fifty to one hundred centimeters.
  • the beams 60 have a web 61 on either side of which two spans 62 extend. They rest on poles 63 arranged at regular intervals (only one is shown in FIG. 6 ) and whose lower end has a base 64 intended to rest on the base of the filter. They are secured by means of threaded rods cast in the raft, and nuts (not shown).
  • foam joints (not shown) are deposited on the bearing surfaces 62 of the beams 60, then floor elements 10 are deposited therein and nested one inside the other so as to constitute the floor of the filter gravity.
  • the floor elements 10, provided with their strainers 30, are deposited one by one on the beams 60 so that their lower skin 12 rests against the bearing surfaces 62 of the beams 60 or more precisely on the foam joints that are there, and that each of their ends, and not their songs, comes to an end against a soul. They are deposited in such a way that the beams 60 extend perpendicular to their interlocking axis, that is to say perpendicular to the edges 16, 17 by which they are nested.
  • the interlocking of the floor elements 10 is obtained by cooperating the edge 16 of a floor element 10 with the edge 17 of the next element, as shown in FIG. 7.
  • the floor elements 10 are secured to the beams 60 by means of studs integral with the webs 61, metal plates 80 resting on their upper skin 11 and nuts.
  • Cross members 100 are deposited at regular intervals on the surface of the floor, perpendicular to the beams 60 to which they are secured by means of metal plates 101 and screws.
  • the floor elements 10 may include self-carrying means such as feet. This implementation will prevent the realization of a beam to make the floor rest.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Filtering Materials (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a filter floor element (10) comprising a section made of a glass fibre-reinforced composite having a lower skin (12) and an upper skin (11) intended to support a filter media, said section being crossed by a plurality of piercings that pass through said lower skin (12) and upper skin (11), said lower skin (12) and upper skin (11) being separated by reinforcements (13) with which they define juxtaposed internal cavities (14), said section having two opposite edges (16, 17) of complementary shapes so that said floor element (10) can be assembled with another similar floor element (10) by interlocking.

Description

Elément de plancher filtrant en composite solidarisable par emboîtement Composite interlocking composite filter floor element
1. Domaine de l'invention 1. Field of the invention
Le domaine de l'invention est celui du traitement de l'eau douce ou salée en vue de sa potabilisation ou celui des eaux usées en vue de leur épuration.  The field of the invention is that of the treatment of fresh or salt water for the purpose of its purification or that of wastewater for the purpose of purification.
Plus précisément, l'invention concerne les installations de traitement d'eau par fïltration gravitaire ou sous pression.  More specifically, the invention relates to water treatment plants by gravity filtration or under pressure.
2. Art antérieur  2. Prior Art
Les installations de traitement d'eau par fïltration gravitaire, ou sous pression, comprennent classiquement un plancher perforé qui délimite une chambre supérieure et une chambre inférieure.  Gravity filtration or pressurized water treatment installations conventionally comprise a perforated floor which delimits an upper chamber and a lower chamber.
La chambre supérieure est destinée à accueillir un média filtrant comme par exemple du charbon actif, du sable..., qui repose sur le plancher.  The upper chamber is intended to accommodate a filter medium such as activated carbon, sand ..., which rests on the floor.
La chambre inférieure est destinée à recueillir l'eau filtrée.  The lower chamber is intended to collect the filtered water.
Les perforations du plancher sont traversées par des crépines qui présentent une tête faisant saillie dans la chambre supérieure et une queue qui se prolonge dans la chambre inférieure. La queue présente des orifices de sortie d'eau filtrée, et des orifices d'entrée d'air et/ou d'eau de lavage. La tête présente des orifices de passage d'eau traitée et d'air et/ou d'eau de lavage.  The perforations of the floor are traversed by strainers which have a head protruding into the upper chamber and a tail which extends into the lower chamber. The tail has filtered water outlets, and air inlet and / or wash water ports. The head has orifices for the passage of treated water and air and / or washing water.
Le principe de fonctionnement d'un tel filtre gravitaire est le suivant.  The operating principle of such a gravity filter is as follows.
L'eau à traiter est acheminée dans la chambre supérieure du filtre et s'écoule sous l'effet de la gravité ou d'une charge hydraulique à travers le média filtrant selon que le filtre est de type gravitaire ou sous pression.  The water to be treated is conveyed into the upper chamber of the filter and flows under the effect of gravity or a hydraulic load through the filter media depending on whether the filter is of the gravity type or under pressure.
L'eau filtrée traverse ensuite les orifices présents sur la tête des crépines et se déverse dans la chambre inférieure avant d'être recueillie ou acheminée vers un traitement aval.  The filtered water then passes through the orifices on the head of the strainers and flows into the lower chamber before being collected or conveyed to a downstream treatment.
Au fur et à mesure que l'eau à traiter est filtrée, la masse filtrante se charge des particules initialement en présence dans l'eau : le filtre se colmate. Des opérations de lavage du filtre sont alors mises en œuvre afin d'assurer son décolmatage. Pour cela, de l'eau et/ou de l'air sont injectés dans le filtre à contre courant par l'intermédiaire des orifices prévus à cet effet dans la queue de chaque crépine. As the water to be treated is filtered, the filter mass is charged particles initially in the presence of water: the filter clogs. Filter washing operations are then implemented to ensure its unclogging. For this, water and / or air are injected into the filter against current through the holes provided for this purpose in the tail of each strainer.
La mise en œuvre de telles installations de traitement d'eau est avantageuse en ce qu'elle permet de filtrer de manière efficace l'eau à traiter. Elle n'est toutefois pas exempte d'inconvénients.  The implementation of such water treatment facilities is advantageous in that it can effectively filter the water to be treated. However, it is not free of drawbacks.
3. Inconvénients de l'art antérieur  3. Disadvantages of prior art
Selon une première approche, les planchers mis en œuvre dans ce type d'installation de traitement d'eau sont réalisés sous la forme d'une dalle en béton armé constituée d'un mélange réalisé notamment à partir de ciment, de sable, de gravier et d'eau de gâchage dans lequel est noyée une armature métallique comme un treillis.  According to a first approach, the floors used in this type of water treatment plant are made in the form of a reinforced concrete slab made of a mixture made in particular from cement, sand, gravel. and mixing water in which is embedded a metal frame as a lattice.
Les eaux à traiter contiennent généralement des substances agressives et sont de ce fait la plupart du temps corrosives.  The waters to be treated generally contain aggressive substances and are therefore mostly corrosive.
Au cours des traitements de filtration, ces substances ont tendance à pénétrer et à diffuser à l'intérieur de la matrice cimentaire de la dalle et à atteindre l'armature métallique qui y est plongée.  During filtration treatments, these substances have a tendency to penetrate and diffuse inside the cement matrix of the slab and to reach the metal reinforcement that is immersed in it.
Ce phénomène s'accompagne d'une dégradation de cette armature métallique par corrosion, ce qui fragilise la dalle.  This phenomenon is accompanied by a degradation of the metal reinforcement by corrosion, which weakens the slab.
En outre, l'oxydation de ces armatures métalliques engendre la fissuration et l'éclatement du béton de la dalle. Ce phénomène est favorisé du fait que la dalle est soumise à des charges descendantes de l'ordre de 4 tonnes par mètre carré au cours des phases de filtration et par des charges ascendantes de l'ordre de 2 tonnes par mètre carré au cours des phases de lavage du filtre.  In addition, the oxidation of these reinforcements causes metal cracking and bursting concrete slab. This phenomenon is favored by the fact that the slab is subjected to downward loads of the order of 4 tonnes per square meter during the filtration phases and by ascending loads of the order of 2 tonnes per square meter during the phases. washing the filter.
Au final, ce phénomène d'oxydation exerce une incidence négative sur la durabilité des dalles de béton mises en œuvre dans ce type d'installation de traitement d'eau.  In the end, this oxidation phenomenon has a negative impact on the durability of the concrete slabs used in this type of water treatment plant.
Les dalles en béton armé sont très lourdes. Leur poids surfacique se situe en effet entre 150 et 300 kg/m2. Les fondations des éléments porteurs sur lesquels elles reposent doivent par conséquent être très largement dimensionnées ce qui représente un poste de coût important. Leur poids important induit en outre que ces dalles sont difficiles à manipuler. Leur installation nécessite ainsi l'utilisation de matériel de levage complexe, comme des grues, et le recours à une main d'œuvre qualifiée ce qui exerce un impact non négligeable sur leur coût de mise en œuvre. The reinforced concrete slabs are very heavy. Their surface weight is indeed between 150 and 300 kg / m 2 . The foundations of the supporting elements on which they rest must therefore be very widely dimensioned which represents a significant cost item. Their significant weight also induces that these slabs are difficult to handle. Their installation requires the use of complex lifting equipment, such as cranes, and the use of skilled labor which has a significant impact on their cost of implementation.
Par ailleurs, la présence des armatures métalliques dans la dalle pose des problèmes dans la répartition des crépines à travers la dalle. L'emplacement des crépines est dans un premier temps défini. Puis, le ferraillage est implanté en conséquence. On comprend alors que l'implantation des armatures métalliques est limitée aux régions de la dalle ne présentant pas de crépine. Cette contrainte implique un grand savoir faire dans la fabrication de ces dalles.  Moreover, the presence of metal reinforcements in the slab poses problems in the distribution of the strainers through the slab. The location of the strainers is initially defined. Then, the reinforcement is implanted accordingly. It is then understood that the implantation of the metal reinforcements is limited to those areas of the slab that do not have a strainer. This constraint implies a great know-how in the manufacture of these slabs.
Il peut en outre arriver que l'enrobage des ferraillages soit réduit à proximité de certaines crépines. Par conséquent, les ferraillages dans ces régions sont plus vulnérables aux attaques corrosives avec les conséquences qui ont été évoquées plus haut.  It may further happen that the coating of reinforcement is reduced near certain strainers. As a result, reinforcement in these areas is more vulnerable to corrosive attacks with the consequences mentioned above.
Ce type de plancher peut également poser des problèmes en fin de vie du fait qu'il est relativement difficile de dissocier les éléments qui le composent, en particulier les ferraillages et le béton.  This type of floor can also cause problems at the end of life because it is relatively difficult to separate the elements that make it up, especially reinforcement and concrete.
Selon une deuxième approche, les planchers mis en œuvre dans ce type d'installation de traitement d'eau sont réalisés en matériau composite.  According to a second approach, the floors used in this type of water treatment plant are made of composite material.
On connaît ainsi un plancher comprenant une âme constituée d'une plaque de polypropylène présentant une structure en nid d'abeille intercalée entre une plaque inférieure et une plaque supérieure en matériau composite. Un tel plancher est assemblé par collage de l'âme et des plaques, et est traversé par une pluralité de crépines.  Thus, a floor is known comprising a core consisting of a polypropylene plate having a honeycomb structure interposed between a lower plate and a top plate made of composite material. Such a floor is assembled by bonding the core and plates, and is traversed by a plurality of strainers.
Ce type de plancher présente l'avantage d'offrir une grande résistance mécanique pour un poids réduit, une bonne résistance à la corrosion, et de faciliter et d'optimiser la répartition des crépines.  This type of floor has the advantage of offering high mechanical strength for reduced weight, good resistance to corrosion, and to facilitate and optimize the distribution of the strainers.
Il présente toutefois l'inconvénient de se composer de plusieurs éléments susceptibles de se dégrader dans le temps. En particulier, au fil des utilisations, les plaques en composite peuvent se détacher de l'âme du plancher. Par ailleurs, ces planchers sont composés à partir de plaques de dimensions importantes, ce qui rend difficile leur manipulation et leur installation. Ce type de plancher est ainsi relativement coûteux à mettre en œuvre. However, it has the disadvantage of being composed of several elements likely to degrade over time. In particular, over uses, the composite plates can be detached from the soul of the floor. Furthermore, these floors are composed from large plates, which makes them difficult to handle and install. This type of floor is thus relatively expensive to implement.
En outre, ce type de plancher intègre de nombreux matériaux ce qui rend difficile le suivi et la traçabilité de leur construction en vue de l'octroi et du suivi d'un Agrément de Conformité Sanitaire pour la production d'eau potable.  In addition, this type of floor incorporates many materials which makes it difficult to monitor and trace their construction for the granting and monitoring of a Sanitary Compliance Approval for the production of drinking water.
Il peut également poser des problèmes en fin de vie du fait qu'il est relativement difficile de dissocier les éléments qui le compose.  It can also pose problems at the end of life because it is relatively difficult to separate the elements that compose it.
Selon une troisième approche, on connaît les planchers auto porteurs de type « Leopold ». Les planchers de ce type sont constitués d'un assemblage de caissons dont les parois supérieures sont composées d'un matériau filtrant synthétique, et qui reposent directement sur le fond du filtre. Ils comprennent une pluralité de cônes dont la pointe est orientée vers le haut pour permettre d'admettre de l'air pour décolmater la masse filtrante reposant sur le plancher.  According to a third approach, the self-supporting floors of the "Leopold" type are known. Floors of this type consist of an assembly of boxes whose upper walls are composed of a synthetic filter material, and which rest directly on the bottom of the filter. They include a plurality of cones whose tip is upward to admit air to unclog the filter mass resting on the floor.
Les planchers de ce type sont relativement fragiles. Les caissons qui les composent peuvent en effet se détacher du radier et remonter à la surface du filtre du fait de l'air présent dans les caissons en phase de lavage. Ils sont également difficiles à mettre en œuvre notamment en ce qui concerne le raccord du plancher à la panoplie de tuyauterie que comprend le filtre (eau brute, eau filtrée, eau de lavage, air). Ce type de plancher intègre également de nombreux matériaux ce qui rend difficile le suivi et la traçabilité de leur construction en vue de l'octroi d'un Agrément de Conformité Sanitaire pour la production d'eau potable. Il pose encore des problèmes en fin de vie du fait qu'il est relativement difficile de dissocier les éléments qui le compose.  Floors of this type are relatively fragile. The caissons that compose them can indeed detach from the raft and go back to the surface of the filter because of the air present in the caissons during washing phase. They are also difficult to implement especially as regards the connection of the floor to the range of piping that includes the filter (raw water, filtered water, wash water, air). This type of floor also incorporates many materials which makes it difficult to monitor and trace their construction for the granting of a Sanitary Compliance Approval for the production of drinking water. It still poses problems at the end of life because it is relatively difficult to separate the elements that compose it.
On connaît encore des planchers en acier inoxydable qui présentent l'avantage de bien résister au phénomène de corrosion. Ils sont toutefois difficiles à manipuler et leur installation requiert généralement l'utilisation d'outils de levage complexe et le recours à une main d'œuvre qualifiée. Ceci ajouté au fait que le matériau dans lequel ils sont constitués est relativement onéreux induit que leur coût de mise en œuvre est relativement important. 4. Objectifs de l'invention Stainless steel floors are still known which have the advantage of being resistant to the phenomenon of corrosion. However, they are difficult to handle and their installation generally requires the use of complex lifting tools and the use of skilled labor. This, added to the fact that the material in which they are made is relatively expensive, induces that their cost of implementation is relatively high. 4. Objectives of the invention
L'invention a notamment pour objectif de pallier ces inconvénients de l'art antérieur.  The invention particularly aims to overcome these disadvantages of the prior art.
Plus précisément, un objectif de l'invention est de fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un plancher filtrant qui soit facile à mettre en place.  More specifically, an object of the invention is to provide, in at least one embodiment, a filtering floor which is easy to set up.
En particulier, l'invention poursuit l'objectif de procurer, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un tel plancher qui soit léger tout en offrant une excellente résistance mécanique.  In particular, the invention has the objective of providing, in at least one embodiment, such a floor which is light while offering excellent mechanical strength.
Un autre objectif de l'invention est de mettre en œuvre, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un tel plancher filtrant qui résiste bien à la corrosion.  Another object of the invention is to implement, in at least one embodiment, such a filtering floor which is resistant to corrosion.
L'invention a encore pour objectif de fournir, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un tel plancher filtrant qui facilite l'implantation de crépines.  The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a filter floor which facilitates the installation of strainers.
L'invention vise également à procurer, dans au moins un mode de réalisation, un tel plancher filtrant qui soit fiable, relativement bon marché et dont le traitement en fin de vie pose peu ou pas de problème.  The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, such a filter floor which is reliable, relatively inexpensive and whose treatment at the end of life poses little or no problem.
5. Exposé de l'invention  5. Presentation of the invention
Ces objectifs, ainsi que d'autres qui apparaîtront par la suite, sont atteints à l'aide d'un élément de plancher filtrant comprenant un profilé en matériau composite armé de fibres de verre présentant une peau inférieure et une peau supérieure destinée à supporter un média filtrant, ledit profilé étant traversé par une pluralité de perçages traversant lesdites peaux inférieure et supérieure, lesdites peaux inférieure et supérieure étant séparées par des renforts avec lesquels elles définissent des cavités intérieures juxtaposées, ledit profilé présentant deux chants opposés de formes complémentaires de manière telle que ledit élément de plancher puisse être assemblé à un autre élément de plancher similaire par emboîtement.  These and other objectives will be realized by means of a filtering floor element comprising a fiberglass-reinforced composite material section having a lower skin and an upper skin for supporting a filtering medium, said section being traversed by a plurality of holes passing through said lower and upper skins, said lower and upper skins being separated by reinforcements with which they define juxtaposed internal cavities, said section having two opposite edges of complementary shapes in such a way said floor element can be assembled to another similar floor element by interlocking.
Ainsi, l'invention repose sur une approche tout à fait originale qui consiste à réaliser un plancher filtrant en emboîtant une pluralité d'éléments de plancher en matériau composite armé de fibres de verre présentant une peau inférieure et une peau supérieure séparées par des renforts avec lesquels elles définissent des cavités intérieures. Thus, the invention is based on a completely original approach which consists in producing a filtering floor by fitting a plurality of floor elements made of composite material reinforced with glass fibers having a lower skin and a upper skin separated by reinforcements with which they define internal cavities.
De tels éléments de plancher présentent les avantages d'être très légers (ils présentent un poids surfacique inférieur à 25 kg/m2) et très résistants. Ils peuvent ainsi être aisément manipulés en vue d'être emboîtés les uns dans les autres pour composer un plancher filtrant de manière simple, c'est-à-dire sans nécessiter l'utilisation d'outils de levage complexe et le recours à une main d'œuvre qualifiée. En outre, compte tenu que ces éléments de plancher sont réalisés en matériau composite, ils présentent une grande résistance à la corrosion ce qui leur garantie une longue durée de vie. L'absence d'armature métallique au sein de leur structure facilite par ailleurs l'implantation de crépines selon une répartition homogène pour améliorer la circulation des flux à travers le plancher et le filtre dont il fait partie. Such floor elements have the advantages of being very light (they have a surface weight of less than 25 kg / m 2 ) and very resistant. They can thus be easily manipulated to be nested within each other to compose a filtering floor in a simple manner, that is to say without requiring the use of complex lifting tools and the use of a hand skilled worker. In addition, considering that these floor elements are made of composite material, they have a high resistance to corrosion which guarantees a long service life. The absence of metal reinforcement within their structure also facilitates the installation of strainers in a homogeneous distribution to improve flow flow through the floor and the filter of which it is part.
Selon une caractéristique avantageuse, lesdits chants définissent un joint à simple lèvre.  According to an advantageous characteristic, said edges define a single-lip seal.
Ceci permet de participer de manière efficace à la réalisation d'une étanchéité entre des éléments de planchers consécutifs.  This allows to participate effectively in achieving a seal between consecutive floor elements.
De manière préférentielle, lesdits chants définissent un joint à double ou à triple lèvre.  Preferably, said edges define a double or triple lip seal.
Ceci permet d'améliorer encore davantage l'étanchéité entre des éléments de plancher consécutifs.  This makes it possible to further improve the seal between consecutive floor elements.
Selon une caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention, lesdits perçages sont ménagés dans une desdites cavités sur deux.  According to a preferred feature of the invention, said bores are formed in one of said cavities out of two.
Le fait de percer un élément de plancher pour y introduire des crépines tend à réduire sa résistance mécanique. Toutefois, le fait qu'un élément de plancher selon l'invention comprenne une peau supérieure et une peau inférieure séparées par des renforts ou raidisseurs permet à celui-ci de bénéficier d'une excellente résistance mécanique compte tenu qu'il existe de nombreuses zones dans lesquelles les fibres du matériau composite qui le constitue ne sont pas brisées. En outre, le fait que les perçages sont ménagés dans une cavité sur deux contribue à augmenter encore davantage la résistance mécanique d'un plancher filtrant composé par l'emboîtement d'une pluralité d'éléments de plancher selon l'invention. La partie non perforée constitue dans ce cas un véritable profilé carré intègre, comme ceux utilisés en structures composite. Drilling a floor element to introduce strainers tends to reduce its mechanical strength. However, the fact that a floor element according to the invention comprises an upper skin and a lower skin separated by reinforcements or stiffeners allows it to benefit from excellent mechanical strength given that there are many areas wherein the fibers of the composite material constituting it are not broken. In addition, the fact that the holes are formed in a cavity on two contributes to further increase the mechanical strength of a filter floor composed by the interlocking of a plurality of floor elements according to the invention. The non-perforated part is in this case a real square integral profile, like those used in composite structures.
Selon un aspect avantageux de l'invention, lesdits perçages logent des crépines, lesdites crépines comprenant une queue tubulaire dont une première extrémité est en partie filetée et débouche sur une tête de diffusion reposant contre ladite peau supérieure, lesdites crépines étant vissées dans des inserts comprenant un élément tubulaire dont une extrémité est en partie taraudée et l'autre extrémité présente un épaulement reposant contre ladite peau inférieure.  According to an advantageous aspect of the invention, said bores house strainers, said strainers comprising a tubular shank of which a first end is partly threaded and opens on a diffusion head resting against said upper skin, said strainers being screwed into inserts comprising a tubular element whose one end is partially threaded and the other end has a shoulder resting against said lower skin.
Cette mise en œuvre permet d'éviter que de l'eau filtrée pénètre dans les alvéoles ou cavités d'un élément de plancher au cours du traitement d'une eau ce qui contribue à limiter la prolifération microbienne. Ceci permet encore de solidariser des crépines sur une peau de faible épaisseur, par exemple de l'ordre de 3 à 8 millimètres.  This implementation makes it possible to prevent filtered water from entering the cavities or cavities of a floor element during the treatment of water, which contributes to limiting microbial growth. This further allows to secure strainers on a thin skin, for example of the order of 3 to 8 millimeters.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention, chacun desdits inserts comprend des moyens de blocage en rotation dudit insert à l'intérieur du perçage dans lequel il est introduit.  According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, each of said inserts comprises rotational locking means of said insert inside the bore in which it is introduced.
Cette mise en œuvre permet de faciliter la mise en place des crépines du fait qu'il n'est pas nécessaire de maintenir l'insert pour l'empêcher de tourner lorsqu'une crépine y est vissée.  This implementation makes it easier to install the strainers because it is not necessary to maintain the insert to prevent it from rotating when a strainer is screwed into it.
Chacun desdits inserts comprend préférentiellement des moyens de maintien dudit insert à l'intérieur du perçage dans lequel il est introduit lorsqu'il ne coopère avec aucune crépine.  Each of said inserts preferably comprises means for holding said insert inside the bore in which it is introduced when it does not cooperate with any strainer.
Ceci facilite la maintenance des crépines du fait que leur démontage ne s'accompagne pas d'une chute dans le fond du filtre de l'insert nécessaire à leur solidarisation au plancher.  This facilitates the maintenance of the strainers because their disassembly is not accompanied by a fall in the bottom of the filter of the insert necessary for their attachment to the floor.
Dans ces cas, lesdits moyens de blocage en rotation et/ou lesdits moyens de maintien comprennent de manière avantageuse au moins un ergot joignant ledit élément tubulaire et ledit épaulement. La mise en œuvre d'un ou de tels ergots sur les inserts permet de remplir ces fonctions de manière simple, économique, mais efficace. In these cases, said rotational locking means and / or said holding means advantageously comprise at least one lug joining said tubular element and said shoulder. The implementation of one or more pins on the inserts makes it possible to fulfill these functions in a simple, economical, but effective manner.
Le maintien d'un insert à l'intérieur du perçage dans lequel il est introduit lorsqu'il ne coopère avec aucune crépine pourra également être obtenu en emmanchant à force Pinsert dans l'élément de plancher lors de sa mise en place.  Maintaining an insert inside the bore in which it is introduced when it does not cooperate with any strainer can also be obtained by forcibly inserting pinsert in the floor element during its introduction.
Selon un mode de réalisation préférentiel, un élément selon l'invention comprend des moyens d'auto portage qui comprendront préférentiellement des pieds.  According to a preferred embodiment, an element according to the invention comprises self-carrying means which will preferably comprise feet.
Ceci facilite l'assemblage d'un plancher de fïltration au moyen d'éléments de plancher selon l'invention du fait qu'il ne requiert pas la réalisation préalable d'une poutraison pour les faire reposer.  This facilitates the assembly of a filtration floor by means of floor elements according to the invention because it does not require the prior embodiment of a beam to make them rest.
La présente invention couvre également un plancher filtrant comprenant une pluralité d'éléments de plancher tels que décrits ci avant, lesdits éléments étant assemblés les uns aux autres par emboîtement.  The present invention also covers a filter floor comprising a plurality of floor elements as described above, said elements being assembled to one another by interlocking.
6. Liste des figures  6. List of figures
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation préférentiel, donné à titre de simple exemple illustratif et non limitatif, et des dessins annexés, parmi lesquels :  Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the following description of a preferred embodiment, given as a simple illustrative and nonlimiting example, and the appended drawings, among which:
la figure 1 illustre une vue en perspective d'une portion d'un élément de plancher selon l'invention ;  Figure 1 illustrates a perspective view of a portion of a floor element according to the invention;
la figure 2 illustre une vue en perspective d'une portion d'une variante de l'élément de plancher illustré à la figure 1 dans laquelle la densité par mettre carré de perçage le traversant est supérieure ;  FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of a portion of a variant of the floor element illustrated in FIG. 1 in which the density per square of drilling therethrough is greater;
la figure 3 illustre une crépine destinée à être solidarisée à un élément de plancher selon l'invention ;  Figure 3 illustrates a strainer intended to be secured to a floor element according to the invention;
la figure 4 illustre un insert destiné à être mis en œuvre pour solidariser la crépine illustrée à la figure 3 à un élément de plancher selon l'invention ; la figure 5 illustre la solidarisation d'une crépine à un élément de plancher selon l'invention ; la figure 6 illustre des moyens de support d'éléments de plancher selon l'invention ; Figure 4 illustrates an insert intended to be implemented to secure the strainer shown in Figure 3 to a floor element according to the invention; Figure 5 illustrates the attachment of a strainer to a floor element according to the invention; FIG. 6 illustrates support means for floor elements according to the invention;
la figure 7 illustre une vue en coupe de l'assemblage par emboîtement de deux éléments de plancher selon l'invention ;  Figure 7 illustrates a sectional view of the interlocking assembly of two floor elements according to the invention;
la figure 8 illustre une vue partielle en perspective de l'assemblage de plusieurs éléments de plancher selon l'invention sur une poutraison ;  Figure 8 illustrates a partial perspective view of the assembly of a plurality of floor elements according to the invention on a beam;
la figure 9 illustre la mise en œuvre d'une cornière à la périphérie d'un plancher constitué par l'assemblage d'éléments de plancher selon l'invention ;  Figure 9 illustrates the implementation of an angle at the periphery of a floor constituted by the assembly of floor elements according to the invention;
la figure 10 illustre une vue partielle en perspective d'une traverse à la jonction entre des éléments de plancher selon l'invention ;  Figure 10 illustrates a partial perspective view of a cross member at the junction between floor elements according to the invention;
les figures 11 et 12 illustrent deux variantes des chants d'un élément de plancher selon l'invention.  Figures 11 and 12 illustrate two variants of the songs of a floor element according to the invention.
7. Description d'un mode de réalisation de l'invention  7. Description of an embodiment of the invention
7.1. Rappel du principe de l'invention  7.1. Recall of the principle of invention
Le principe général de l'invention repose sur la mise en œuvre d'éléments de plancher en matériau composite armé de fibres de verre présentant une peau inférieure et une peau supérieure séparées par des renforts avec lesquels elles définissent des cavités intérieures pour construire un plancher filtrant par emboîtement.  The general principle of the invention is based on the implementation of floor elements made of composite material reinforced with glass fibers having a lower skin and an upper skin separated by reinforcements with which they define internal cavities to build a filtering floor by interlocking.
Des éléments de plancher selon l'invention sont très légers et très résistants. Ils peuvent ainsi être aisément manipulés en vue d'être emboîtés les uns dans les autres pour composer un plancher filtrant de manière simple, sans nécessiter l'utilisation d'outils de levage complexe et le recours à une main d'œuvre qualifiée. Ils présentent en outre une grande résistance à la corrosion ce qui leur garantie une longue durée de vie. Par ailleurs, les flux à travers le plancher sont améliorés par une implantation homogène des crépines rendu possible compte tenu de l'absence d'armature métallique au sein des éléments de plancher.  Floor elements according to the invention are very light and very resistant. They can thus be easily manipulated to be nested within each other to compose a filtering floor in a simple manner, without the use of complex lifting tools and the use of a skilled workforce. They also have a high resistance to corrosion which guarantees a long service life. In addition, the flows through the floor are improved by a homogeneous implantation of the strainers made possible given the lack of metal reinforcement in the floor elements.
7.2. Exemple d'un élément de plancher selon l'invention On présente, en relation avec la figure 1, un mode de réalisation d'un élément de plancher selon l'invention. 7.2. Example of a floor element according to the invention In relation with FIG. 1, an embodiment of a floor element according to the invention is presented.
Ainsi que cela apparaît sur cette figure 1, un tel élément de plancher 10 se présente sous la forme d'un profilé longiligne en matériau composite armé de fibres de verre. Dans ce mode de réalisation, cet élément de plancher 10 est pultrudé. Il présente une longueur de six mètres, une largeur de soixante centimètres et une masse d'environ 22,5 kg/m2. As it appears in this FIG. 1, such a floor element 10 is in the form of an elongated section made of composite material reinforced with glass fibers. In this embodiment, this floor element 10 is pultruded. It has a length of six meters, a width of sixty centimeters and a mass of about 22.5 kg / m 2 .
Le matériau composite dont est constitué l'élément de plancher 10 comprend une matrice de résine thermodurcissable. Cette résine peut être en polyester, en vinylester ou en époxy en fonction de l'agressivité de l'eau à traiter.  The composite material of which the floor element 10 is made comprises a thermosetting resin matrix. This resin can be polyester, vinylester or epoxy depending on the aggressiveness of the water to be treated.
La matrice est renforcée respectivement par :  The matrix is reinforced by:
un premier tissus de verre de type Mat Unifïlo® d' OCV,  a first OCV Mat Unifilo® glass fabric,
des fibres longues de type Stratifïl ou « roving » en anglais, et  long fibers of the Stratifïl type or "roving" in English, and
un tissu de verre de type Mat Unifïlo® d' OCV.  an OCV Mat Unifilo® glass fabric.
Sa composition est complétée par un voile de surface non-tissé à base de fibres de polyester qui recouvre la surface extérieure pour offrir une protection supplémentaire contre les agressions chimiques et/ou atmosphériques comme le rayonnement UV.  Its composition is complemented by a polyester fiber-based non-woven surface covering the outer surface to provide additional protection against chemical and / or atmospheric hazards such as UV radiation.
Il comprend une peau inférieure 12 et une peau supérieure 1 1 essentiellement parallèles l'une à l'autre. Ces peaux inférieure 12 et supérieure 1 1 sont séparées par des renforts 13 qui dans ce mode de réalisation s'étendent essentiellement perpendiculairement aux peaux inférieure 12 et supérieure 11.  It comprises a lower skin 12 and an upper skin 1 1 substantially parallel to each other. These lower skins 12 and upper 11 are separated by reinforcements 13 which in this embodiment extend substantially perpendicularly to the lower skins 12 and upper 11.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, les peaux inférieure 12 et supérieure 11 , ainsi que les éléments de renforts 13 présentent une épaisseur d' environ quatre millimètres. Cette épaisseur pourra être comprise entre trois et huit millimètres et de manière préférentielle entre quatre et six millimètres. La distance séparant les peaux inférieure 12 et supérieure 11 est d'environ quatre-vingt millimètres.  In this embodiment, the lower skin 12 and upper 11, and the reinforcing elements 13 have a thickness of about four millimeters. This thickness may be between three and eight millimeters and preferably between four and six millimeters. The distance between the lower and upper skins 11 is about eighty millimeters.
Les peaux inférieure 12 et supérieure 1 1 définissent avec les renforts 13 des cavités intérieures 14.  The lower skin 12 and upper 1 1 define with the reinforcements 13 internal cavities 14.
Le profilé de cet élément de plancher 10 présente deux chants opposés 16 et 17 de formes complémentaires. En d'autres termes, deux éléments de plancher 10 similaires peuvent être assemblés par emboîtement en faisant coopérer le chant 16 de l'un d'entre eux avec le chant 17 de l'autre. The profile of this floor element 10 has two opposing edges 16 and 17 of complementary shapes. In other words, two similar floor elements 10 can be assembled by interlocking by engaging the edge 16 of one of them with the edge 17 of the other.
Le chant 16 présente une section en arc de cercle concave, c'est-à-dire qui est tournée vers l'intérieur du profilé. Le chant 17 présente une section en arc de cercle convexe, c'est-à-dire formant saillie à l ' extérieur du profilé. Les dimensions de ces chants 16 et 17 sont choisies de manière telle que la surface des peaux inférieures 12 et supérieures 1 1 d'éléments de plancher 10 consécutifs soient de préférence essentiellement jointives. Les chants 16 et 17 de deux éléments de plancher 10 consécutifs forment un joint à simple lèvre.  The edge 16 has a concave arcuate section, that is to say which is turned towards the inside of the profile. The edge 17 has a convex circular arc section, that is to say that protrudes outside the profile. The dimensions of these edges 16 and 17 are chosen such that the surface of the lower skins 12 and upper 1 1 of consecutive floor elements 10 are preferably substantially contiguous. The edges 16 and 17 of two consecutive floor elements 10 form a single lip seal.
Dans une variante illustrée à la figure 11, le chant 16 pourra présenter une section en forme de « S » 110. Le chant 17 présentera alors une section complémentaire en forme de « S » 111. Les chants 16 et 17 de deux éléments de plancher 10 emboîtés l'un dans l'autre formeront alors un joint à double lèvre.  In a variant illustrated in FIG. 11, the edge 16 may have an S-shaped section 110. The edge 17 will then have a complementary "S" -shaped section 111. The edges 16 and 17 of two floor elements 10 nested one inside the other will then form a double lip seal.
Dans une autre variante illustrée à la figure 12, le chant 16 pourra présenter une section sinusoïdale à trois crêtes, c'est-à-dire en forme de dos de dromadaire 120. Le chant 1 7 présentera alors une section de forme complémentaire 121. Les chants 16 et 17 de deux éléments de plancher 10 emboîtés l'un dans l'autre formeront alors un joint à triple lèvre.  In another variant illustrated in Figure 12, the edge 16 may have a sinusoidal section with three ridges, that is to say in the form of camel back 120. The song 1 7 will then have a complementary shaped section 121. The edges 16 and 17 of two floor elements 10 nested one inside the other will then form a triple lip seal.
L'élément de plancher 10 est traversé par une pluralité de perçages 15. The floor element 10 is traversed by a plurality of holes 15.
Chacun de ces perçages 15 traverse la peau supérieure 1 1 , la peau inférieure 12 selon un axe qui leur est essentiellement perpendiculaire, et passe par la cavité intérieure 14 délimitée par ces deux peaux 11, 12. Each of these holes 15 passes through the upper skin 1 1, the lower skin 12 along an axis which is essentially perpendicular thereto, and passes through the inner cavity 14 delimited by these two skins 11, 12.
Ces perçages 15 sont répartis de manière uniforme à travers l'élément de plancher 10 le long d'axes rectilignes placés à intervalle régulier, parallèles à l'axe principal des cavités 14, passant dans le plan défini par une des peaux 11, 12 et s 'étendant essentiellement entre deux éléments de renfort 13.  These holes 15 are uniformly distributed through the floor element 10 along rectilinear axes placed at regular intervals, parallel to the main axis of the cavities 14, passing in the plane defined by one of the skins 11, 12 and extending essentially between two reinforcing elements 13.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, les perçages 15 sont ménagés dans une cavité 14 sur deux.  In this embodiment, the holes 15 are formed in a cavity 14 of two.
Dans la variante illustrée à la figure 2, les perçages 15 sont ménagés à travers chacune des cavités intérieures 14. Dans ce cas, la densité de perçages 15 est supérieure ce qui permettra d'augmenter le nombre de crépines solidarisées au plancher et par là la circulation de fluides à travers celui-ci. La résistance mécanique du plancher sera toutefois légèrement diminuée. In the variant illustrated in FIG. 2, the bores 15 are provided at through each of the inner cavities 14. In this case, the drilling density 15 is higher which will increase the number of strainers secured to the floor and thereby the flow of fluids through it. The mechanical strength of the floor will however be slightly reduced.
La densité des perçages 15 sera préférentiellement de l'ordre de cinquante perçages 15 par mètre carré de plancher.  The density of the holes 15 will preferably be of the order of fifty holes 15 per square meter of floor.
Un élément de plancher 10 présente :  A floor element 10 has:
une résistance à la flexion de l'ordre de 250MPa, selon la norme ASTM D790 ;  a flexural strength of the order of 250 MPa according to ASTM D790;
- un module d'élasticité en flexion de l'ordre de 27 GPa, selon la norme Full bending ; a modulus of elasticity in flexion of the order of 27 GPa, according to the standard Full bending;
une résistance à la traction de l'ordre de 300 MPa, selon la norme ASTM D638.  a tensile strength of the order of 300 MPa, according to ASTM D638.
Il peut supporter une charge de l'ordre de quatre tonnes et demie au mètre carré. Il offre donc une résistance mécanique comparable à celle d'un plancher en béton classique pour un poids environ six fois inférieur.  It can support a load of about four and a half tons per square meter. It therefore offers a mechanical strength comparable to that of a conventional concrete floor for a weight about six times lower.
Comme cela est représenté sur la figure 5, les perçages 15 permettent de loger des crépines 30.  As shown in Figure 5, the holes 15 can accommodate strainers 30.
Ces crépines 30 comprennent, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 3, une queue 32. Cette queue 32 se présente sous la forme d'un tube de section cylindrique. Son diamètre est légèrement inférieur à celui des perçages 15 de manière qu'elle puisse y être logée. Une première extrémité de cet élément tubulaire présente une partie filetée 33 qui débouche sur une tête de diffusion 31.  These strainers 30 comprise, as shown in Figure 3, a shank 32. This shank 32 is in the form of a tube of cylindrical section. Its diameter is slightly less than that of the holes 15 so that it can be accommodated. A first end of this tubular element has a threaded portion 33 which opens onto a diffusion head 31.
Chaque crépine 30 est solidarisée à l'élément de plancher 10 au moyen d'un insert 40.  Each strainer 30 is secured to the floor element 10 by means of an insert 40.
Chaque insert 40 comprend, comme cela est représenté sur la figure 4, un élément tubulaire 41 de section cylindrique. Son diamètre est légèrement supérieur à celui des perçages 15 de manière telle qu'il puisse y être logé à force. Cet élément tubulaire 41 présente une extrémité taraudée 43. Son autre extrémité présente un épaulement 42. L'épaulement 42 et l'élément tubulaire 41 sont joints par un ergot 44 s'étendant sur une portion de leur périphérie. Each insert 40 comprises, as shown in Figure 4, a tubular element 41 of cylindrical section. Its diameter is slightly greater than that of the holes 15 so that it can be accommodated by force. This tubular element 41 has a tapped end 43. Its other end has a shoulder 42. The shoulder 42 and the tubular element 41 are joined by a lug 44 extending over a portion of their periphery.
Chaque crépine 30 est solidarisée à un élément de plancher 10 de la manière suivante.  Each strainer 30 is secured to a floor element 10 in the following manner.
Un insert 40 est inséré à force dans une cavité intérieure 14 en introduisant son extrémité taraudée 43 dans un perçage 15 traversant la peau inférieure 12 de l'élément de plancher 10. Il est poussé à l'intérieur de ce perçage 15 jusqu'à ce que son épaulement 42 vienne en appui contre la peau inférieure 12. Dans cette position, l'ergot 44 coopère avec un logement de forme complémentaire ménagé dans la peau inférieure 12. L'insert 40 est alors bloqué en rotation à l'intérieur de Γ élément de plancher 10.  An insert 40 is force-fitted into an interior cavity 14 by introducing its threaded end 43 into a bore 15 passing through the lower skin 12 of the floor element 10. It is pushed inside this bore 15 until that its shoulder 42 bears against the lower skin 12. In this position, the lug 44 cooperates with a complementary shaped housing formed in the lower skin 12. The insert 40 is then locked in rotation inside Γ floor element 10.
Dans ce mode de réalisation, le fait d'insérer à force l'insert 40 dans un perçage 15 permet d'assurer la fonction de maintien de cet insert 40 à l'intérieur du perçage 15 dans lequel il est introduit lorsqu'il ne coopère avec aucune crépine 30. L'ergot 44 assure la fonction de blocage en rotation de l'insert 40 à l'intérieur du perçage 15 dans lequel il est introduit. Dans une variante, l'ergot 40 pourra assurer ces deux fonctions.  In this embodiment, inserting the insert 40 into a bore 15 makes it possible to ensure the function of holding this insert 40 inside the bore 15 into which it is inserted when it is not cooperating. with no strainer 30. The lug 44 provides the rotational locking function of the insert 40 inside the bore 15 into which it is introduced. In a variant, the lug 40 can provide these two functions.
Un joint annulaire plat (non représenté) est placé autour de la queue 32 d'une crépine 30. Cette queue 32 est ensuite insérée à travers le perçage 15 qui traverse la peau supérieure 1 1 et débouche dans la cavité intérieure 14 dans laquelle l'insert 40 a été précédemment introduit. La queue 32 est coulissée à l'intérieur de l'insert 40 jusqu'à ce que sa partie filetée 33 entre en contact avec la partie taraudée 43 de l'insert 40. La crépine 30 est alors vissée dans l'insert 40 de manière telle que le joint annulaire soit comprimé entre la tête de diffusion 31 et la peau supérieure 1 1 de l'élément de plancher 10. Le blocage de la crépine 30 dans l'insert 40 peut être obtenu au moyen d'une clé à six pans coopérant avec un élément de forme complémentaire ménagé à la surface de la tête de diffusion 31.  A flat annular seal (not shown) is placed around the shank 32 of a strainer 30. This shank 32 is then inserted through the bore 15 which passes through the upper skin 11 and opens into the interior cavity 14 in which the insert 40 has been previously introduced. The tail 32 is slid inside the insert 40 until its threaded portion 33 comes into contact with the threaded portion 43 of the insert 40. The strainer 30 is then screwed into the insert 40 so that such that the annular seal is compressed between the diffusion head 31 and the upper skin 1 1 of the floor element 10. The locking of the strainer 30 in the insert 40 can be obtained by means of a hexagon key cooperating with a complementary shaped element formed on the surface of the diffusion head 31.
7.3. Assemblage d'un plancher filtrant à partir d'éléments de plancher selon l'invention  7.3. Assembling a filtering floor from floor elements according to the invention
Des éléments de plancher 10 peuvent être assemblés les uns aux autres pour former le plancher filtrant d'un filtre gravitaire. Un filtre gravitaire comprend une cuve présentant un fond, ou radier, à la périphérie duquel s'étendent des parois verticales. Un plancher est réalisé à l'intérieur de cette cuve de façon à délimiter une chambre inférieure et une chambre supérieure. Floor elements 10 may be assembled together to form the filter floor of a gravity filter. A gravity filter comprises a tank having a bottom, or base, at the periphery of which vertical walls extend. A floor is made inside this tank so as to delimit a lower chamber and an upper chamber.
Le support du plancher est assuré au moyen de poutres 60 distantes les unes des autres de cinquante à cent centimètres.  The support of the floor is provided by means of beams 60 distant from each other by fifty to one hundred centimeters.
Comme cela est représenté sur la figure 6, les poutres 60 présentent une âme 61 de part et d'autre de laquelle s'étendent deux portées 62. Elles reposent sur des poteaux 63 disposés à intervalle régulier (un seul est représenté sur la figure 6) et dont l'extrémité inférieure présente une embase 64 destinée à reposer sur le radier du filtre. Ils y sont solidarisés au moyen de tiges filetées coulées dans le radier, et d'écrous (non représentés).  As shown in FIG. 6, the beams 60 have a web 61 on either side of which two spans 62 extend. They rest on poles 63 arranged at regular intervals (only one is shown in FIG. 6 ) and whose lower end has a base 64 intended to rest on the base of the filter. They are secured by means of threaded rods cast in the raft, and nuts (not shown).
Après que la poutraison a été réalisée, des joints en mousse (non représentés) sont déposés sur les portées 62 des poutres 60, puis des éléments de plancher 10 y sont déposés et emboîtés les uns dans les autres de façon à constituer le plancher du filtre gravitaire.  After the beam has been made, foam joints (not shown) are deposited on the bearing surfaces 62 of the beams 60, then floor elements 10 are deposited therein and nested one inside the other so as to constitute the floor of the filter gravity.
Les éléments de plancher 10, munis de leurs crépines 30, sont déposés un à un sur les poutres 60 en sorte que leur peau inférieure 12 repose contre les portées 62 des poutres 60 ou plus exactement sur les joints en mousse qui y reposent, et que chacune de leurs extrémités, et non de leurs chants, vient en butée contre une âme 61 . Ils y sont déposés de manière telle que les poutres 60 s 'étendent perpendiculairement à leur axe d'emboîtement, c'est-à-dire perpendiculairement aux chants 16, 17 par lesquels ils sont emboîtés.  The floor elements 10, provided with their strainers 30, are deposited one by one on the beams 60 so that their lower skin 12 rests against the bearing surfaces 62 of the beams 60 or more precisely on the foam joints that are there, and that each of their ends, and not their songs, comes to an end against a soul. They are deposited in such a way that the beams 60 extend perpendicular to their interlocking axis, that is to say perpendicular to the edges 16, 17 by which they are nested.
L'emboîtement des éléments de plancher 10 est obtenu en faisant coopérer le chant 16 d'un élément de plancher 10 avec le chant 17 de l'élément suivant, comme cela est représenté à la figure 7.  The interlocking of the floor elements 10 is obtained by cooperating the edge 16 of a floor element 10 with the edge 17 of the next element, as shown in FIG. 7.
Les éléments de plancher 10 sont solidarisés aux poutres 60 au moyen de goujons solidaires des âmes 61 , de plaques métalliques 80 reposant sur leur peau supérieure 11 et d'écrous.  The floor elements 10 are secured to the beams 60 by means of studs integral with the webs 61, metal plates 80 resting on their upper skin 11 and nuts.
Des joints d'étanchéité sont réalisés : à la surface du plancher dans les gorges 70 ménagées à la jonction des éléments de plancher 10, Seals are made: at the surface of the floor in the grooves 70 formed at the junction of the floor elements 10,
dans l' espace 81 séparant, au-dessus des âmes 61, les extrémités d'éléments de plancher 10 consécutifs,  in the space 81 separating, above the webs 61, the ends of consecutive floor elements 10,
tout le long de la périphérie du plancher entre ses contours et les parois du filtre gravitaire.  all along the periphery of the floor between its contours and the walls of the gravity filter.
Des cornières 90 reposant tout le long de la périphérie du plancher et recouvrant le joint périphérique sont ensuite solidarisées au moyen de boulons aux parois du filtre gravitaire.  Angles 90 resting all along the periphery of the floor and covering the peripheral seal are then secured by means of bolts to the walls of the gravity filter.
Des traverses 100 sont déposées à intervalle régulier à la surface du plancher, perpendiculairement aux poutres 60 auxquelles elles sont solidarisées au moyen de plaques métalliques 101 et de vis.  Cross members 100 are deposited at regular intervals on the surface of the floor, perpendicular to the beams 60 to which they are secured by means of metal plates 101 and screws.
7.4. Variante  7.4. Variant
Dans une variante, les éléments de plancher 10 pourront comprendre des moyens d'auto portage, comme des pieds. Cette mise en œuvre permettra d'éviter la réalisation d'une poutraison pour y faire reposer le plancher.  In a variant, the floor elements 10 may include self-carrying means such as feet. This implementation will prevent the realization of a beam to make the floor rest.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Elément de plancher filtrant (10) comprenant un profilé en matériau composite armé de fibres de verre présentant une peau inférieure (12) et une peau supérieure (11) destinée à supporter un média filtrant, ledit profilé étant traversé par une pluralité de perçages traversant lesdites peaux inférieure (12) et supérieure (1 1), lesdites peaux inférieure (12) et supérieure (1 1) étant séparées par des renforts ( 13) avec lesquels elles définissent des cavités intérieures ( 14) juxtaposées, ledit profilé présentant deux chants opposés (16, 17) de formes complémentaires de manière telle que ledit élément de plancher (10) puisse être assemblé à un autre élément de plancher (10) similaire par emboîtement.  A filtering floor element (10) comprising a fiberglass-reinforced composite material profile having a lower skin (12) and an upper skin (11) for supporting a filter medium, said profile being traversed by a plurality of bores; passing through said lower (12) and upper (1 1) skins, said lower (12) and upper (1 1) skins being separated by reinforcements (13) with which they define juxtaposed internal cavities (14), said section having two opposing edges (16, 17) of complementary shapes such that said floor element (10) can be connected to another similar floor element (10) by interlocking.
2. Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits chants (16, 17) définissent un joint à simple lèvre.  2. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that said edges (16, 17) define a single lip seal.
3. Elément selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lesdits chants (16, 17) définissent un joint à double ou à triple lèvre.  3. Element according to claim 1, characterized in that said edges (16, 17) define a double or triple lip seal.
4. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce lesdits perçages (15) sont ménagés dans une desdites cavités (14) sur deux. 4. Element according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said bores (15) are formed in one of said cavities (14) out of two.
5. Elément selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdits perçages (15) logent des crépines (30), lesdites crépines (30) comprenant une queue tubulaire (32) dont une première extrémité est en partie filetée (33) et débouche sur une tête de diffusion (31) reposant contre ladite peau supérieure (1), lesdites crépines (30) étant vissées dans des inserts (40) comprenant un élément tubulaire (41) dont une extrémité est en partie taraudée (43) et l'autre extrémité présente un épaulement (42) reposant contre ladite peau inférieure (12).  5. Element according to claim 4, characterized in that said bores (15) house strainers (30), said strainers (30) comprising a tubular shank (32), a first end is partly threaded (33) and opens on a diffusion head (31) resting against said upper skin (1), said strainers (30) being screwed into inserts (40) comprising a tubular element (41), one end of which is partly threaded (43) and the other end has a shoulder (42) resting against said lower skin (12).
6. Elément selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits inserts (40) comprend des moyens de blocage en rotation (44) dudit insert (40) à l'intérieur du perçage (15) dans lequel il est introduit.  6. Element according to claim 5, characterized in that each of said inserts (40) comprises means for locking in rotation (44) of said insert (40) inside the bore (15) into which it is introduced.
7. Elément selon la revendication 5 ou 6, caractérisé en ce que chacun desdits inserts (40) comprend des moyens de maintien dudit insert (40) à l'intérieur du perçage (15) dans lequel il est introduit lorsqu'il ne coopère avec aucune crépine (30). 7. Element according to claim 5 or 6, characterized in that each of said inserts (40) comprises means for holding said insert (40) inside the bore (15) into which it is introduced when it does not cooperate with no strainer (30).
8. Elément selon la revendication 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que lesdits moyens de blocage en rotation et/ou lesdits moyens de maintien comprennent au moins un ergot (44) joignant ledit élément tubulaire (41) et ledit épaulement (42). 8. Element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that said rotational locking means and / or said holding means comprise at least one lug (44) joining said tubular element (41) and said shoulder (42).
9. Elément selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens d'auto portage.  9. Element according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises self-carrying means.
10. Plancher filtrant comprenant une pluralité d'éléments de plancher (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, lesdits éléments de plancher (10) étant assemblés les uns aux autres par emboîtement.  10. Filter floor comprising a plurality of floor elements (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, said floor members (10) being joined to each other by interlocking.
PCT/EP2011/057018 2010-05-11 2011-05-03 Composite filter floor element that can be firmly attached by interlocking WO2011141324A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1053691 2010-05-11
FR1053691A FR2959943B1 (en) 2010-05-11 2010-05-11 SOLIDARIZABLE COMPOSITE FLOORING ELEMENT BY EMBOITEMENT

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WO2011141324A1 true WO2011141324A1 (en) 2011-11-17

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2206501A (en) * 1987-07-07 1989-01-11 Thule United Ltd Filtering screen assembly
DE4136898A1 (en) * 1991-11-09 1993-05-13 Ludwig Krieger Draht Und Kunst Sieve screen panel which is readily replaceable - formed of interlocking self-anchoring elements of resilient rubber material
US20070190865A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-16 Severn Trent Water Purification, In System and method for interlocking support blocks

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2206501A (en) * 1987-07-07 1989-01-11 Thule United Ltd Filtering screen assembly
DE4136898A1 (en) * 1991-11-09 1993-05-13 Ludwig Krieger Draht Und Kunst Sieve screen panel which is readily replaceable - formed of interlocking self-anchoring elements of resilient rubber material
US20070190865A1 (en) * 2006-02-15 2007-08-16 Severn Trent Water Purification, In System and method for interlocking support blocks

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FR2959943A1 (en) 2011-11-18

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