WO2011141003A1 - Camshaft decompression mechanism of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Camshaft decompression mechanism of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011141003A1
WO2011141003A1 PCT/CN2011/074064 CN2011074064W WO2011141003A1 WO 2011141003 A1 WO2011141003 A1 WO 2011141003A1 CN 2011074064 W CN2011074064 W CN 2011074064W WO 2011141003 A1 WO2011141003 A1 WO 2011141003A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure reducing
camshaft
cam
decompression
internal combustion
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PCT/CN2011/074064
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French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
景华阳
刘荣利
洪方平
付强
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隆鑫通用动力股份有限公司
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Publication of WO2011141003A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011141003A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/08—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for decompression, e.g. during starting; for changing compression ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L13/00—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations
    • F01L13/08—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for decompression, e.g. during starting; for changing compression ratio
    • F01L13/085—Modifications of valve-gear to facilitate reversing, braking, starting, changing compression ratio, or other specific operations for decompression, e.g. during starting; for changing compression ratio the valve-gear having an auxiliary cam protruding from the main cam profile

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)

Abstract

A camshaft decompression mechanism of an internal combustion engine includes a camshaft (3) provided with an intake cam, an exhaust cam (5) and a gear (9), and a U-shaped decompression device (1) hinged on the camshaft (3) by a pin roll (2). The upper end of the decompression device (1) has a decompression limit part (12) extending transversely, and the distance (H1) from the top end of the decompression limit part (12) to the center of the camshaft (3) is larger than the base circle radius (H2) of close stop distance end of the exhaust cam (5). The lower ends of two support arms of the decompression device (1) are provided with balance weight blocks (7) respectively. A release torsional spring (4) is sleeved on the pin roll (2), and one end of the torsional spring (4) is located on one end of a balance weight block (7) of the decompression device (1), while another end is located on the gear (9). The camshaft decompression mechanism is simple in structure and runs reliably.

Description

Figure imgf000003_0001
技术领域 本发明涉及小型通用内燃机， 具体涉及一种内燃机凸轮轴减压机构。 背景技术 小型通用机的内燃机起动时， 需要吸入新的气体进行压缩， 在压缩终点附 近， 会产生很大的压缩阻力， 此时如果不进行减压， 将会使起动力增大， 起动 非常困难， 因此需要釆用减压机构进行减压， 以保证内燃机顺利起动。 内燃机 起动后则要求减压机构自动卸去减压功能， 以便内燃机正常工作。 通常， 减压机构设置凸轮轴上， 减压机构由减压甩块、 轴、 回位弹簧和减 压顶销组成， 减压顶销与减压甩块为两个单独的零件， 之间靠销一滑槽连接。 为便于回位弹簧的安装， 必须在减压甩块上开孔， 在齿轮上开孔或安装销。 结 构复杂。 发明内容 本发明的目的提供一种凸轮轴减压机构， 该减压机构的结构简单， 工作可 靠， 适合于小型通用内燃机。 本发明的目的是这样实现的： 内燃机凸轮轴减压机构， 包括凸轮轴， 凸轮 轴上设有进、 排气凸轮和齿轮， 还包括 U型的减压装置， 该 U型的减压装置 通过销轴铰接在凸轮轴上， 减压装置上端具有横向延伸的减压限位部， 减压限 位部的顶部到凸轮轴中心的距离大于排气凸轮的近停程端的基圓的半径， 减压 装置的两支撑臂下端部设有配重块； 一回位扭簧套在销轴上， 回位扭簧的一端 定位在减压装置的配重块一端， 另一端定位在齿轮上。 所述凸轮轴位于齿轮与排气凸轮之间的轴段上具有一切平面， 该轴段具有 横向设置的销孔， 排气凸轮近停程端的基圓上设有缺口， 凸轮轴切平面与排气 凸轮的缺口连接， 所述减压限位部位于所述切平面上， 并与所述缺口相匹配， 所述减压限位部上具有凸缘， 所述凸缘的顶点到凸轮轴中心的距离大于排气凸 轮的近停程端的基圓的半径。 所述减压装置的两支撑臂上设有销孔， 销轴穿过销孔将减压装置与凸轮轴 铰接。 所述齿轮上对应配重块的位置设有用于为减压装置的配重块让位的孔。 所述凸轮轴切平面与齿轮之间设有用于限位的台阶。 由于釆用上述技术方案， 在凸轮轴上通过销轴连接减压装置， 减压装置上 端具有减压限位部， 减压限位部的顶部到凸轮轴中心的距离大于排气凸轮的基 圓半径。 当凸轮轴停止或以较低转速运动时， 减压装置在回位扭簧的作用下使 减压装置紧贴排气凸轮， 减压限位部顶起挺柱， 打开气门， 使汽缸中压力得以 减小， 内燃机能够轻松的顺利起动。 当凸轮轴以较高的转速运动， 在离心力的 作用下， 配重块带动减压限位部远离排气凸轮， 减压限位部离开挺柱下方， 使 挺柱能够下移到排气凸轮上， 取消减压限制， 发动机正常工作。 这种减压机构 的结构简单， 工作可靠， 适合于小型通用内燃机。 所述齿轮上设有用于为减压装置的配重块让位的孔， 以避开配重块， 使减 压装置反向离心， 减压机构失去减压作用， 内燃机正常工作。 所述凸轮轴切平面与齿轮之间具有用于减压装置离心限位的台阶， 台阶与 减压装置的减压限位部一侧接触， 限制减压装置离心运动过度， 避免造成减压 装置与齿轮发生千涉。 附图说明 图 1为本发明减压机构起作用示意图； 图 2为新型减压机构的右视图； 图 3为减压装置的示意图； 图 4为图 1的 A-A向剖视图； 图 5为减压机构不起作用示意图； 图 6为图 1的局部示意图。 附图中， 1为减压装置， 2为销轴， 3为凸轮轴， 4为回位扭簧， 5为排气 凸轮， 6为挺柱， 7为配重块， 8为凸缘， 9为齿轮， 10为台阶， 11为孔， 12 为减压限位部， 13 , 15为销孔， 14为缺口， 为凸缘的顶点到凸轮轴中心的 距离， H2为排气凸轮的近停程端的基圓的半径。 具体实施方式 参照图 1至图 6, 内燃机凸轮轴减压机构包括凸轮轴 3 , 凸轮轴 3上设有 进气凸轮（图中未标注出） 和排气凸轮 5及齿轮 9, 排气凸轮 5与配气机构的 挺柱 6对应， 内燃机停止工作时，挺柱 6与排气凸轮 5的近停程端的基圓对应。 凸轮轴 3位于齿轮与排气凸轮之间的轴段上具有一切平面， 该轴段具有横向设 置的销孔 15 , 排气凸轮近停程端的基圓上设有缺口 14, 凸轮轴切平面与排气 凸轮的缺口 14连接， 凸轮轴切平面与齿轮 9之间设有用于限位的台阶 10, 台 阶 10紧邻齿轮 9, 台阶 10用于减压装置 1 离心运动中的限位， 限制减压装置 1的离心偏移过度与齿轮 9千涉。 U型的减压装置 1通过销轴 2铰接在凸轮轴 3上， 减压装置 1为 U型框架结构， 减压装置 1对凸轮轴 3形成半包围。 减压 装置 1上端具有横向延伸的减压限位部 12, 减压限位部 12上具有凸缘 8, 凸 缘釆用冲压成型， 凸缘 8的顶点到凸轮轴中心的距离 大于排气凸轮 5的近 停程端的基圓的半径 H2, 减压限位部 12与凸缘 8可位移到挺柱 6下， 支撑于 凸轮轴 3与挺柱 6之间， 使排气门不能完全关闭。 减压装置 1的两支撑臂上设 有销孔 13 , 销轴 2穿过销孔 13将减压装置 1与凸轮轴 3铰接。 减压装置 1的 两支撑臂下端部设有配重块 7, 配重块 7与支撑臂一体成型， 配重块 7使减压 装置 1能够左右摆动。 一回位扭簧 4套在销轴 2上， 回位扭簧 4的一端定位在 减压装置 1的配重块一端，回位扭簧 4的另一端 4氏在齿轮 9的轴向端面上定位， 形成预压力。 所述齿轮 9上对应配重块的位置上设有用于为减压装置 1的配重 块 7让位的孔 11。 在回位扭簧 4的扭力作用下， 减压装置 1处于静止状态时， 减压装置 1的配重块 7伸进齿轮 9上的孔 11中。 参见图 5与图 2, 内燃机起动后， 凸轮轴 3转动， 减压装置 1随凸轮轴旋 转， 同时减压装置 1的配重块 7产生离心力， 并克服回位扭簧 4的作用力， 做 出离心位移运动退出齿轮 9上的孔 11 , 由此带动减压装置 1 的减压限位部 12 做出相反方向的位移运动， 解除对挺柱 6的限制， 让挺柱 6与排气凸轮 5的轮 廓接触， 在排气凸轮的驱动下， 带动排气门完成正常的开启、 关闭工作， 使发 动机正常工作。 在此期间， 减压装置 1的减压限位部 12与凸轮轴 3的台阶 10 圓周面接触， 限制减压装置 1的过度位移。 当发动机停止工作， 减压装置 1停 止离心运动， 并在回位扭簧 4的作用下回位， 减压限位部 12与凸缘 8再次支 撑于凸轮轴 3与挺柱 6之间， 使排气门处于不完全关闭状态形成减压， 为再次 起动发动机 准备。
Figure imgf000003_0001
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a small-sized general-purpose internal combustion engine, and more particularly to an internal combustion engine camshaft pressure reducing mechanism BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION When starting a diesel engine of a small general-purpose machine, it is necessary to inhale a new gas for compression, and a large compression resistance is generated in the vicinity of the end point of compression. If the pressure is not reduced, the starting power will increase and the starting is very difficult. Therefore, it is necessary to use a pressure reducing mechanism for decompression to ensure a smooth start of the internal combustion engine. After the internal combustion engine is started, the pressure reducing mechanism is required to automatically remove the decompression function, so that the internal combustion engine can work normally. Usually, the pressure reducing mechanism is disposed on the camshaft, and the pressure reducing mechanism is composed of a pressure reducing block, a shaft, a return spring and a pressure reducing top pin, and the pressure reducing pin and the pressure reducing block are two separate parts. Pin-slot connection. In order to facilitate the installation of the return spring, it is necessary to make a hole in the decompression block, to open a hole in the gear or to install a pin. complex structure. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a camshaft pressure reducing mechanism which is simple in structure, reliable in operation, and suitable for a small general-purpose internal combustion engine. The object of the present invention is achieved as follows: an internal combustion engine camshaft pressure reducing mechanism includes a camshaft, the camshaft is provided with intake and exhaust cams and gears, and a U-shaped pressure reducing device is provided, and the U-shaped pressure reducing device passes The pin shaft is hinged on the cam shaft, and the upper end of the pressure reducing device has a laterally extending pressure reducing limit portion, and the distance from the top of the pressure reducing limit portion to the center of the cam shaft is greater than the radius of the base circle of the near stop end of the exhaust cam, The lower end of the two supporting arms of the pressing device is provided with a weight; a returning torsion spring is sleeved on the pin shaft, and one end of the returning torsion spring is positioned at one end of the weight of the pressure reducing device, and the other end is positioned on the gear. The camshaft has a plane on a shaft section between the gear and the exhaust cam, the shaft section has a pin hole disposed laterally, and a gap is formed on a base circle of the exhaust cam near the stop end, and the camshaft is cut plane and row a notch connection of the air cam, the decompression limiting portion is located on the cutting plane and matched with the notch, the decompression limiting portion has a flange, and the apex of the flange is at the center of the camshaft The distance is greater than the radius of the base circle of the near stop end of the exhaust cam. The two support arms of the pressure reducing device are provided with pin holes, and the pin shafts pass through the pin holes to articulate the pressure reducing device with the cam shaft. The position of the corresponding weight on the gear is provided with a hole for giving way to the weight of the pressure reducing device. A step for limiting the position is provided between the camshaft cutting plane and the gear. Since the above technical solution is adopted, the pressure reducing device is connected to the camshaft through the pin shaft, and the upper end of the pressure reducing device has a pressure reducing limiting portion, and the distance from the top of the pressure reducing limiting portion to the center of the cam shaft is greater than the base circle of the exhaust cam radius. When the camshaft stops or moves at a lower speed, the pressure reducing device closes the pressure reducing device against the exhaust cam under the action of the return torsion spring, and the pressure reducing limit portion pushes up the tappet to open the valve to make the pressure in the cylinder It can be reduced, and the internal combustion engine can be started smoothly and easily. When the camshaft moves at a higher rotational speed, under the action of the centrifugal force, the weighting block drives the decompression limiting portion away from the exhaust cam, and the decompression limiting portion leaves the lower side of the tappet, so that the tappet can be moved down to the exhaust cam. On, cancel the decompression limit and the engine works normally. The pressure reducing mechanism has a simple structure and reliable operation, and is suitable for a small general-purpose internal combustion engine. The gear is provided with a hole for giving up the weight of the pressure reducing device, so as to avoid the weight, the centrifugal device is reversely centrifuged, the pressure reducing mechanism loses the decompression action, and the internal combustion engine works normally. a step for the centrifugal limit of the pressure reducing device is arranged between the cutting plane of the camshaft and the gear, and the step is in contact with the side of the pressure reducing limit portion of the pressure reducing device, and the centrifugal movement of the pressure reducing device is restricted, thereby avoiding the pressure reducing device It happens with gears. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a schematic view showing the action of the pressure reducing mechanism of the present invention; FIG. 2 is a right side view of the new pressure reducing mechanism; FIG. 3 is a schematic view of the pressure reducing device; FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA of FIG. Schematic diagram of the mechanism does not work; Figure 6 is a partial schematic view of Figure 1. In the drawings, 1 is a pressure reducing device, 2 is a pin shaft, 3 is a cam shaft, 4 is a returning torsion spring, 5 is an exhaust cam, 6 is a tappet, 7 is a weight, 8 is a flange, 9 For the gear, 10 for the step, 11 for the hole, 12 For the decompression limit, 13 and 15 are pin holes, 14 is a notch, the distance from the apex of the flange to the center of the camshaft, and H 2 is the radius of the base circle of the near stop end of the exhaust cam. 1 to 6, the internal combustion engine camshaft pressure reducing mechanism includes a cam shaft 3, and an intake cam (not shown) and an exhaust cam 5 and a gear 9 are provided on the camshaft 3, and the exhaust cam 5 is provided. Corresponding to the tappet 6 of the valve train, when the internal combustion engine is stopped, the tappet 6 corresponds to the base circle of the near stop end of the exhaust cam 5. The camshaft 3 has a flat surface on a shaft section between the gear and the exhaust cam. The shaft section has a laterally disposed pin hole 15 , and the exhaust cam has a notch 14 on the base circle near the stop end, and the camshaft is cut plane and The gaps 14 of the exhaust cam are connected, and a step 10 for limiting is provided between the cam plane and the gear 9 . The step 10 is adjacent to the gear 9 , and the step 10 is used for limiting the pressure in the centrifugal device 1 to limit the pressure. The centrifugal offset of the device 1 is excessively related to the gear 9 . The U-shaped pressure reducing device 1 is hinged to the cam shaft 3 via a pin 2, which is a U-shaped frame structure, and the pressure reducing device 1 forms a half-surrounding of the cam shaft 3. The upper end of the decompression device 1 has a laterally extending decompression limiting portion 12 having a flange 8 formed thereon, and the flange is formed by press forming, and the distance from the apex of the flange 8 to the center of the cam shaft is greater than that of the exhaust cam The radius H 2 of the base circle near the stop end of 5 , the decompression limiting portion 12 and the flange 8 are displaceable under the tappet 6, supported between the camshaft 3 and the tappet 6, so that the exhaust valve cannot be completely closed . The two support arms of the decompression device 1 are provided with a pin hole 13 through which the pin shaft 2 is hinged to the cam shaft 3. The lower end portions of the two support arms of the decompression device 1 are provided with a weight 7 which is integrally formed with the support arm, and the weight 7 allows the decompression device 1 to swing left and right. A returning torsion spring 4 is sleeved on the pin shaft 2, and one end of the returning torsion spring 4 is positioned at one end of the weight of the pressure reducing device 1, and the other end of the returning torsion spring 4 is on the axial end surface of the gear 9. Positioning, forming a pre-pressure. A hole 11 for displacing the weight 7 of the pressure reducing device 1 is provided at a position on the gear 9 corresponding to the weight. Under the torsion of the return torsion spring 4, when the pressure reducing device 1 is at rest, the weight 7 of the pressure reducing device 1 projects into the hole 11 in the gear 9. Referring to FIG. 5 and FIG. 2, after the internal combustion engine is started, the cam shaft 3 rotates, the pressure reducing device 1 rotates with the cam shaft, and the weight 7 of the pressure reducing device 1 generates centrifugal force, and overcomes the force of the returning torsion spring 4, The centrifugal displacement movement moves out of the hole 11 in the gear 9, thereby driving the decompression limiting portion 12 of the decompression device 1 to perform a displacement movement in the opposite direction, releasing the restriction on the tappet 6, and letting the tappet 6 and the exhaust cam The contour contact of 5, driven by the exhaust cam, drives the exhaust valve to complete the normal opening and closing work to make the engine work normally. During this period, the decompression limiting portion 12 of the decompression device 1 comes into contact with the circumferential surface of the step 10 of the cam shaft 3 to restrict excessive displacement of the decompression device 1. When the engine stops working, the decompression device 1 stops the centrifugal movement and returns to the position under the action of the return torsion spring 4, and the decompression limiting portion 12 and the flange 8 are again supported. Between the camshaft 3 and the tappet 6, the exhaust valve is in an incompletely closed state to form a decompression, which is prepared for restarting the engine.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 Claim
1. 一种内燃机凸轮轴减压机构， 包括凸轮轴， 凸轮轴上设有进、 排气凸轮 和齿轮， 其特征在于： 还包括 U型的减压装置， 所述 U型的减压装置 通过销轴铰接在凸轮轴上， 减压装置上端具有横向延伸的减压限位部， 所述减压限位部的顶部到凸轮轴中心的距离大于排气凸轮的近停程端的 基圓的半径， 减压装置的两支撑臂下端部设有配重块； 一回位扭簧套在 销轴上， 回位扭簧的一端定位在减压装置的配重块一端， 另一端定位在 齿轮上。 A camshaft pressure reducing mechanism for an internal combustion engine, comprising a cam shaft, wherein the camshaft is provided with an intake and exhaust cam and a gear, and further comprising: a U-shaped pressure reducing device, wherein the U-shaped pressure reducing device passes The pin shaft is hinged on the cam shaft, and the upper end of the pressure reducing device has a laterally extending pressure reducing limit portion, and the distance from the top of the pressure reducing limit portion to the center of the cam shaft is greater than the radius of the base circle of the near stop end of the exhaust cam The lower end of the two supporting arms of the pressure reducing device is provided with a weight; a returning torsion spring is sleeved on the pin shaft, one end of the returning torsion spring is positioned at one end of the weight of the pressure reducing device, and the other end is positioned on the gear .
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的内燃机凸轮轴减压机构， 其特征在于： 所述凸轮 轴位于齿轮与排气凸轮之间的轴段上具有一切平面， 该轴段具有横向设 置的销孔， 排气凸轮近停程端的基圓上设有缺口， 凸轮轴切平面与排气 凸轮的缺口连接， 所述减压限位部位于所述切平面上， 并与所述缺口相 匹配， 所述减压限位部上具有凸缘， 所述凸缘的顶点到凸轮轴中心的距 离大于排气凸轮的近停程端的基圓的半径。 2. The camshaft pressure reducing mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein: the camshaft has a plane on a shaft section between the gear and the exhaust cam, and the shaft section has a pin hole disposed laterally. a gap is formed on a base circle of the near end of the exhaust cam, and a camber tangential plane is connected to the notch of the exhaust cam, and the decompression limiting portion is located on the cutting plane and matches the notch, The decompression limiting portion has a flange, and the distance from the apex of the flange to the center of the camshaft is greater than the radius of the base circle of the near stop end of the exhaust cam.
3. 居权利要求 1所述的内燃机凸轮轴减压机构， 其特征在于： 所述减压 装置的两支撑臂上设有销孔， 销轴穿过销孔将减压装置与凸轮轴铰接。 3. The camshaft pressure reducing mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein: the two supporting arms of the pressure reducing device are provided with pin holes, and the pin shaft passes through the pin holes to articulate the pressure reducing device with the cam shaft.
4. 才艮据权利要求 1所述的内燃机凸轮轴减压机构， 其特征在于： 所述齿轮 上对应配重块的位置设有用于为减压装置的配重块让位的孔。 4. The camshaft pressure reducing mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 1, wherein: the position of the corresponding weight on the gear is provided with a hole for giving up the weight of the pressure reducing device.
5. 根据权利要求 2所述的内燃机凸轮轴减压机构， 其特征在于： 所述凸轮 轴切平面与齿轮之间设有用于限位的台阶。 5. The camshaft pressure reducing mechanism of an internal combustion engine according to claim 2, wherein: a step for limiting is provided between the cam axis cutting plane and the gear.
PCT/CN2011/074064 2010-05-14 2011-05-13 Camshaft decompression mechanism of internal combustion engine WO2011141003A1 (en)

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