WO2011140840A1 - 分级控制微型电网组网方法 - Google Patents

分级控制微型电网组网方法 Download PDF

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WO2011140840A1
WO2011140840A1 PCT/CN2011/070665 CN2011070665W WO2011140840A1 WO 2011140840 A1 WO2011140840 A1 WO 2011140840A1 CN 2011070665 W CN2011070665 W CN 2011070665W WO 2011140840 A1 WO2011140840 A1 WO 2011140840A1
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grid
micro
energy
level
bus
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PCT/CN2011/070665
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English (en)
French (fr)
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李晟
谢小林
尹平
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珠海兴业新能源科技有限公司
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for ac mains or ac distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for parallely feeding a single network by two or more generators, converters or transformers
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/10—The dispersed energy generation being of fossil origin, e.g. diesel generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/22—The renewable source being solar energy
    • H02J2300/24—The renewable source being solar energy of photovoltaic origin
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2300/00—Systems for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by decentralized, dispersed, or local generation
    • H02J2300/20—The dispersed energy generation being of renewable origin
    • H02J2300/28—The renewable source being wind energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2310/00—The network for supplying or distributing electric power characterised by its spatial reach or by the load
    • H02J2310/10—The network having a local or delimited stationary reach
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/76—Power conversion electric or electronic aspects

Definitions

  • the invention is applied to the development and utilization of renewable energy sources.
  • the energy crisis and the environmental crisis have received increasing attention.
  • the power structure based on thermal power generation has brought heavy pressure to the environment.
  • the increasing load of electricity, the transmission capacity of long-distance transmission lines is increasing, and the external power grid of the receiving power grid.
  • the degree of dependence is also increasing, which makes the stability and safety of power grid operation decline. Therefore, it is necessary to build a power plant with a certain capacity in the receiving power grid and load center to reduce high-power transmission and transfer, reduce transmission and distribution losses, and support local
  • the grid enhances system stability.
  • the microgrid is a system consisting of a series of distributed micro-power supplies, energy storage systems and loads.
  • the power supply inside the micro-grid is mainly responsible for the energy conversion of the power electronics and provides the necessary control.
  • the micro-grid is opposite to the external large grid. It is expressed as a single controlled unit and can meet the requirements of users for power quality and power supply safety.
  • the basic unit of the microgrid consists of distributed micro-energy, energy storage devices, control systems and loads, which should have the following characteristics:
  • a microgrid is a collection of loads and micro-energy that can be operated in a single system to provide electrical energy
  • the micro-grid presents a self-controlled independent entity to the surrounding distribution network, and facilitates end-user power quality management and energy cascade utilization;
  • Microgrid as an interruptible or controllable load to reduce network congestion and other threats
  • the micro grid can enter the independent operation state to ensure the power supply safety of important loads and sensitive loads in the micro grid;
  • the microgrid can provide excellent power quality and other ancillary services, such as voltage support, outward feeding of electrical energy, and even the black start capability of the auxiliary regional grid (the entire grid collapses, after all generators in the regional grid are shut down, using the microgrid to assist the generator to start) .
  • the micro-grid has not been widely promoted and applied, mainly because the large number of distributed energy grids on the edge of power system management may cause the power system to be uncontrollable, unsafe and unstable, which may affect the grid operation.
  • the hierarchically controlled microgrid system can enhance the management of distributed energy and reduce the damage of distributed energy grid-connected to the safety and stability of the power system.
  • the proposed technical solution is to hierarchically control the micro-grid by micro energy, intelligent power distribution system, bidirectional inverter, energy storage system, AC bus, load Or the next level of microgrid composition.
  • the core of the hierarchical control microgrid networking method is to divide the slightly larger microgrid into multiple multi-level microgrids according to the distribution of micro energy and load.
  • Each microgrid is an intelligent load for the upper microgrid.
  • And for the next level of the microgrid is a stable energy supply system or an energy receiving device.
  • the micro grid can manage all the micro energy, micro grid and load in the network, allow or prohibit the next micro grid to transmit energy to the main grid bus, and control the next micro grid to transmit to the AC bus of the micro grid. The size of the energy.
  • micro-energy of micro-grid is generally composed of renewable energy power generation systems such as wind, solar, wave energy, tidal energy and biomass energy.
  • renewable energy power generation systems such as wind, solar, wave energy, tidal energy and biomass energy.
  • the biggest drawback of these energy systems is their extreme instability, so the microgrid has an intelligent power distribution system that handles energy scheduling, backup and management within the microgrid.
  • Micro-grid has its own independent energy storage system.
  • the micro-grid always stores enough energy to ensure the power consumption of the key load and sensitive load in the network when the upper-level micro-grid fails or the energy is insufficient.
  • the microgrid When the microgrid exchanges excess energy on the bus, it can notify the upper microgrid to request the upper microgrid to receive excess energy, and then transfer the excess energy to the communication of the upper microgrid after being allowed by the upper microgrid.
  • the busbar On the busbar; if the upper-level microgrid does not allow energy to be uploaded, increase the energy storage device of the micro-grid at this level to back up more energy, or control the micro-power supply inside the micro-grid to reduce the power generation, or start the unloading device. Stable AC bus.
  • the hierarchical control micro-grid networking method can well control the impact of each micro-grid on the AC bus of the upper-level micro-grid, and each micro-grid control unit is relatively small, and the control is relatively easy. As long as the micro-energy, load, and energy storage devices of each level of micro-grid are designed to be reasonable, the impact on the AC bus of the upper-level micro-grid will be small, thus ensuring the stability of the public grid and using hierarchical control The expansion of the microgrid formed by the grid networking method is very convenient.
  • FIG. 1 is an electrical schematic diagram of a microgrid grading control method, in which: (1) is a wind power generation system, (2) is a gas turbine power generation system, (3) is a solar power generation system, and (4) is a bidirectional inverter, ( 5) is a smart power distribution system, (6) is a miniature energy source, (7) is an AC bus, (8) is a next-level microgrid system, (9) is a user load, and (10) is an energy storage device, (11) ) is the AC bus of the upper microgrid.
  • the wind power generation system (1), the solar power generation system (3), and the gas turbine power generation system (2) are collectively referred to as micro energy sources (6).
  • the electric energy generated by the micro energy (6) is incorporated into the AC bus (7) of the micro power grid, and the next micro power system (8) is regarded as an intelligent load of the micro power system of the current level, and the micro power grid of this level can also Think of it as a smart load on the AC bus (11) of the upper microgrid.
  • the intelligent power distribution system (5) and the bidirectional inverter (4) constitute a control unit of the micro-grid of the current level. When the energy on the AC bus is greater than the power consumption of all the loads of the system, the intelligent power distribution system (5) will pass the two-way.
  • the inverter (4) stores the excess energy in the energy storage device (10) or on the AC bus (7) of the upper microgrid; otherwise, the energy on the AC bus is less than the power of all the loads in the system.
  • the intelligent power distribution system (5) will release the energy in the energy storage device (10) through the bidirectional inverter (4) to supplement the energy gap on the AC bus, or from the AC bus of the upper microgrid (7). ) to get energy.
  • the bidirectional inverter (4) is the core component of the energy backup system of the microgrid. It has the energy bidirectional flow function. When the energy stored in the energy storage device (10) is small, the intelligent power distribution system (5) controls the bidirectional inverse. The transformer takes energy from the AC bus (7) of the upper microgrid.
  • This level of microgrid system only manages the local AC bus (7) All electrical equipment on the upper level, and report the AC bus of the micro-grid at the same level to the micro-grid system (7) The magnitude and direction of the current.
  • the micro-grid of this level has the function as a power load, and also has the function as a power generating device; and for the next-level micro-grid, the AC bus of the micro-grid of the current level It is an energy access device.
  • the energy of the AC bus on the next-level micro-grid is insufficient, energy can be obtained from the AC bus of the current level.
  • the energy of the AC bus on the next-level micro-grid is excessive, the remaining energy can be sent. Go to the level of the exchange bus.
  • a user with a power consumption of 2 million kWh will build a microgrid with a 10 MW renewable energy power generation system consisting of 1000 KW of biomass energy, 1000 KW of solar energy and 8000 KW of wind energy.
  • the whole micro-grid system is designed according to the 5-level micro-grid scheme: the first stage of the micro-grid is composed of wind energy, biomass energy and residential electricity; the second stage of the micro-grid is composed of wind energy and commercial electricity; solar energy, wind energy and Industrial electricity constitutes the third stage of the micro-grid; the fourth level of the micro-grid is composed of solar, wind and public facilities; and the public grid is the fifth stage of the micro-grid.
  • the construction of the four-level micro-grid will change the upper-level micro-grid of the three-level micro-grid into the AC bus of the four-level micro-grid, and the upper-level grid of the four-level micro-grid will be the common public grid.

Description

分级控制微型电网组网方法
技术领域
本发明应用于可再生能源的开发和利用。
背景技术
能源危机和环境危机日益受到关注，以火力发电为主的电力结构给环保带来了沉重的压力，用电负荷的不断增加，远距离输电线路的输送容量不断增大，受端电网对外来电力的依赖程度也不断提高，使得电网运行的稳定性和安全性下降，因此需要在受端电网和负荷中心建设一定容量的发电厂，以减少大功率输送和转移，减少输配电损耗，支撑本地电网，增强系统稳定。同时，发展低碳经济要求加快充分利用可再生能源进行分布式发电。微型电网是由一系列分布式微型电源、储能系统和负荷共同组成的系统，微型电网内部的电源主要由电力电子器件负责能量的转换，并提供必需的控制，微型电网相对于外部大电网，表现为单一的受控单元，并可同时满足用户对电能质量和供电安全等的要求。
微型电网的基本单元包含分布式微型能源、蓄能装置、控制系统以及负荷，应该具有以下的特性：
1、 微型电网是一组负荷和微型能源的集合，可以一个单个系统的方式运行，提供电能；
2、 微型电网对周围的配电网呈一个可自我控制的独立个体，并便于实现终端用户电能质量管理和能源的梯级利用；
3、 微型电网作为可中断或可控负荷，以减少网络拥塞和其他威胁；
4、 微型电网可进入独立运行状态，保证微型电网内重要负荷和敏感负荷的供电安全性；
5、 微型电网能提供优良的电能质量和其他辅助性服务，如电压支撑、向外馈送电能甚至辅助区域电网黑启动能力(整个电网崩溃，区域电网所有发电机停机后，利用微型电网辅助发电机启动)。
目前，微型电网并没有得到大范围推广应用，主要是因为处于电力系统管理边缘的大量分布式能源并网有可能造成电力系统不可控、不安全和不稳定，可能会影响电网运行。分级控制的微型电网系统可以加强对分布式能源的管理，减少分布式能源并网对电力系统的安全性和稳定性的破坏的一种方法。
发明内容
本发明为了解决微型电网不可控、不安全和不稳定等问题，拟采取的技术方案为分级控制微型电网是由微型能源、智能配电系统、双向逆变器、储能系统、交流母线、负荷或下一级微型电网组成。
分级控制微型电网组网方法的核心就是将稍大一点微型电网按微型能源、负荷的分布情况分成多个多级微型电网形式处理，每一个微型电网对于上一级微型电网来说是一个智能负载，而对于下一级的微型电网来说是一种稳定的能量供应系统或一个能量接收装置。微型电网可管理本网内所有的微型能源、微型电网和负荷，允许或禁止下一级微型电网向本级电网母线上传送能量，并控制下一级微型电网向本级微型电网的交流母线传送能量的大小。
微型电网的微型能源一般都是由风能、太阳能、波浪能、潮汐能、生物质能等可再生能源发电系统组成。这些能源系统最大的缺点就是极其不稳定，所以微型电网都有一个智能配电系统，处理微型电网内部的能量调度、备份和管理工作。
微型电网都拥有自己独立的贮能系统，微型电网始终储存足够的能量以备上一级微型电网出现故障或者能量不足时，保证本网内的并键负荷和敏感负荷的用电需求。
微型电网交流母线上能量过剩时，可通知上一层微型电网请求上一层微型电网接收多余的能量，在得到上一级微型电网允许后，将多余的能量传送到上一级微型电网的交流母线上；如果上一级微型电网不允许能量上传，则增加本级微型电网的储能装置备份更多的能量，或可控制本级微型电网内部的微型电源减少发电量，或启动卸载设备来稳定交流母线。
分级控制微型电网组网方法，能很好地控制每一级微型电网对上一级微型电网交流母线的冲击，而且每一级微型电网控制的单元都比较少，控制起来也比较容易。只要每一级微型电网的微型能源、负荷、和储能装置的大小设计合理，对上一级微型电网的交流母线的冲击就会很小，从而保证了公共电网的稳定，而且利用分级控制微型电网组网方法组建的微型电网扩容非常方便。
附图说明
附图1是微型电网分级控制方法电气原理图，图中：(1)是风力发电系统，(2)是燃气轮机发电系统，(3)是太阳能发电系统，(4)是双向逆变器，(5)是智能配电系统，(6)是微型能源，(7)是交流母线，(8)是下一级微型电网系统，(9)是用户负载，(10)是储能设备，(11)是上一级微型电网的交流母线。
风力发电系统(1)、太阳能发电系统(3)和燃气轮机发电系统(2)等，统称为微型能源(6)。微型能源(6)产生的电能被并入微型电网的交流母线(7)上，下一级微型电网系(8)被看作本级微型电网系统的一个智能负载，而本级微型电网也可以看作挂在上一级微型电网的交流母线(11)上的一个智能负载。智能配电系统(5)和双向逆变器(4)组成本级微型电网的调控单元，当交流母线上的能量大于系统所有负载的用电量时，智能配电系统(5)将通过双向逆变器(4)把多余的能量存入储能设备(10)中，或并入上一级微型电网的交流母线(7)上；反之，交流母线上的能量小于系统所有负载的用电量时，智能配电系统(5)将通过双向逆变器(4)把储能设备(10)中的能量释放出来补充交流母线上能量缺口，或从上一级微型电网的交流母线(7)上获取能量。
双向逆变器(4)是微型电网的能量备份系统的核心部件，拥有能量双向流动功能，当储能设备(10)中所储存的能量很少时，智能配电系统(5)控制双向逆变器从上一级微型电网的交流母线(7)上获取能量。
本级微型电网系统只管理本级交流母线(7) 上的所有电器设备，并向上一级微型电网系统汇报本级微型电网的交流母线(7) 上电流的大小与方向。对于上一级微型电网系统来说，本级微型电网具有作为一个用电负荷的功能，同时也具有作为一个发电装置的功能；而对于下一级微型电网来说，本级微型电网的交流母线是一个能量存取设备，当下一级微型电网的交流母线上的能量不足时，可从本级交流母线上获得能量，当下一级微型电网的交流母线上能量过剩时还可以将剩余的能量送到本级交流母线上。
具体实施方案
例如年用电量为200万度的用户建立一个含1000KW生物质能、1000KW太阳能和8000KW风能组成的10MW的可再生能源发电系统的微型电网。
1、 考察用电负荷分布情况与地理环境，设计太阳能、风能、和生物质能设计方案。
2、 按5级微型电网方案设计整个微型电网系统：由风能、生物质能和居民生活用电组成微型电网的第一级；由风能、商业用电组成微型电网的第二级；由太阳能、风能和工业用电组成微型电网的第三级；由太阳能、风能、公共设施用电组成微型电网第四级；公共电网作为微型电网的第五级。
3、 组建一级微型电网，为方便用户用电，将其上级微型电网暂时定为共公电网，其它用电负荷都接入公共电网；
4、 建设二级微型电网，并将一级微型电网的上级微型电网改为二级微型电网的交流母线，将三级微型电网暂定为公共电网，其它用电负荷都接入公共电网；
5、 建设三级微型电网，并将二级微型电网的上级微型电网改为三级微型电网的交流母线，将四级微型电网暂定为公共电网，其它用电负荷都接入公共电网；
6、 建设四级微型电网，并将三级微型电网的上级微型电网改为四级微型电网的交流母线，将四级微型电网的上级电网为共公电网。

Claims (3)

  1. 一种分级控制微型电网组网方法，其特征是：将微型电网按微型能源、负荷的分布情况分成多级微型电网形式处理，微型电网管理本网内所有微型能源、微型电网和负荷，允许或禁止下一级微型电网向本级电网母线上传送能量，并控制下一级微型电网向本级微型电网的交流母线传送能量的大小，同时允许或禁止上一级微型电网向本级微型电网供应或接收能量。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的分级控制微型电网组网方法，其特征是：微型电网配备独立的储能系统，储存本级微型电网多余能量以备上一级微型电网出现故障或能量不足，由智能配电系统控制和双向逆变器控制微型电网上下级之间能量双向流动。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2的分级控制微型电网组网方法，其特征是：本级微型电网管理本级交流母线上所有设备，控制设备停止或运行，稳定交流母线电流。
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