WO2011138965A1 - (silicic acid)-(boric acid) compound, (silicic acid)-(boric acid)-(phosphoric acid) compound, positive electrode for secondary battery, and process for production of secondary battery - Google Patents
(silicic acid)-(boric acid) compound, (silicic acid)-(boric acid)-(phosphoric acid) compound, positive electrode for secondary battery, and process for production of secondary battery Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011138965A1 WO2011138965A1 PCT/JP2011/060603 JP2011060603W WO2011138965A1 WO 2011138965 A1 WO2011138965 A1 WO 2011138965A1 JP 2011060603 W JP2011060603 W JP 2011060603W WO 2011138965 A1 WO2011138965 A1 WO 2011138965A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B35/00—Boron; Compounds thereof
- C01B35/08—Compounds containing boron and nitrogen, phosphorus, oxygen, sulfur, selenium or tellurium
- C01B35/10—Compounds containing boron and oxygen
- C01B35/12—Borates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B33/00—Silicon; Compounds thereof
- C01B33/113—Silicon oxides; Hydrates thereof
- C01B33/12—Silica; Hydrates thereof, e.g. lepidoic silicic acid
- C01B33/122—Lepidoic silicic acid
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/5825—Oxygenated metallic salts or polyanionic structures, e.g. borates, phosphates, silicates, olivines
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound, a positive electrode for a secondary battery, and a method for producing a secondary battery.
- lithium ion secondary batteries have been widely used as power sources for portable electronic devices such as mobile phones and laptop computers, and portable power tools.
- Application of a lithium ion secondary battery as a power source for an electric vehicle is desired, and attempts have been made to increase the capacity of the positive electrode material of the lithium ion secondary battery in order to realize application to a power source for an electric vehicle.
- an olivine-type boric acid compound and a manufacturing method thereof have been proposed from the viewpoints of resources, safety, cost, stability, and the like.
- LiMBO 3 Fe, Mn, Co
- Patent Document 1 includes x Li in the unit formula, and [SiO 4 ], [SO 4 ], [PO 4 ], [GeO 4 ], [VO 4 ], [AlO 4 ], [BO]. 4 ] and the like, and compounds having an orthosilicate structure have been proposed as electrode materials.
- Non-Patent Document 1 uses expensive oxalate as an M source, and there is a problem that the manufacturing cost increases. Moreover, in order to inhibit the generation and grain growth of LiMBO 3 due to the large amount of gas generated due to decomposition of the raw material, two-stage heating, that is, pulverizing and heating the raw material formulation to generate gas, then crushing, pulverizing, After passing through processes such as molding, it is necessary to synthesize LiMBO 3 particles by heating again at a high temperature. For this reason, there was a problem in manufacturability. It is Li 1.7 Mn 0.7 Fe 0.3 Si 0.7 P 0.3 O 4 that is actually disclosed as an electrode material in Patent Document 1 as a compound containing Si.
- Li 2 MnSiO 4 and LiFePO 4 are mixed and pulverized, sealed in a tube, and heated to produce the solid phase reaction.
- the solid-phase reaction has a complicated manufacturing process, is expensive to manufacture, is difficult to mass-produce, and composition control is not easy.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a method in which the composition of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound can be easily controlled and manufactured. According to the method of the present invention, it is possible to provide a method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound which are excellent in battery characteristics and reliability at low cost and efficiently. Furthermore, this invention provides the manufacturing method of the positive electrode for secondary batteries which is excellent in a battery characteristic and reliability, and a secondary battery.
- the present invention is the following [1] to [19].
- the oxide equivalent amount of each atom when it becomes a melt (unit: Mol%) 15% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 30%, 35% ⁇ MO ⁇ 55%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 50%, 1% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 20%, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / 0.5MO ⁇ 1.2, Heating the raw material formulation to obtain a melt, Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product, Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a
- a x M y Si 1-a B a O z (1) (Wherein, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y and a are 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.2, 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.7, and z is a number depending on the valence N of x, y, a and M.)
- a x M y Si 1-a B a O z (1) (Wherein, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y and a are 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.2, 0.05 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.7, and z is a number depending on the valence N of x, y, a and M.)
- the atom A contained in the raw material preparation is A carbonate, A bicarbonate, A hydroxide, A borate, A nitrate, A chloride, A sulfuric acid.
- Atom M is selected from the group consisting of M oxide, M oxyhydroxide, M metal, M borate, M chloride, M nitrate, M sulfate, and M organic salt
- At least one Si is a silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and MSiO 3 and M 2 SiO 4 M silicate selected from the group consisting of (wherein M is the same kind of atom as described above), and included as at least one selected from the group consisting of: B is boron oxide, boric acid, A borate (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and M borate (where M is the same kind of atom as described above).
- a and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y, a and b are 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.2, 0.
- a and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y, a and b are 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ y ⁇ 1.2, 0.
- Atom A contained in the raw material preparation is A carbonate, A bicarbonate, A hydroxide, A borate, A phosphate and hydrogen phosphate, A At least one selected from the group consisting of nitrate, A chloride, A sulfate, A acetate, and A oxalate (however, these compounds each form a hydrate salt)
- Atom M is selected from the group consisting of M oxide, M oxyhydroxide, M metal, M borate, M chloride, M nitrate, M sulfate, and M organic salt
- At least one Si is a silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (where A is the same kind of atom as
- the silicic acid-boric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (1) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (3) and is a crystal particle: 3] The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound.
- the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (2) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (5), and is a crystal particle: [4] ] To [6] a process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
- the solidified product includes at least one carbon source selected from an organic compound and a carbon-based conductive active material, and the amount of the carbon source is determined based on the amount of the solidified product and the carbon source.
- the step of heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound is performed at 500 ° C. to 1,000 ° C. in an inert gas or a reducing gas.
- a process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound is performed at 500 ° C. to 1,000 ° C. in an inert gas or a reducing gas.
- the conductivity of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles is 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer.
- the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to [15] which contains a carbonaceous layer on the surface of the particles or at the interface between the particles.
- a composite oxide selected from the group consisting of silicic acid-boric acid compounds and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compounds is obtained by the production method of [1] to [13].
- a method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery wherein a positive electrode for a secondary battery is produced using a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.
- a method for producing a secondary battery comprising obtaining a positive electrode for a secondary battery by the production method according to [18], and then producing a secondary battery using the positive electrode for a secondary battery. .
- a method for efficiently producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound using an inexpensive raw material and a simple technique is provided.
- the composition of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound can be easily controlled, so that the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid- A phosphoric acid compound can be produced efficiently. Therefore, by using the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound obtained by the present invention, a positive electrode for secondary batteries and a secondary battery excellent in battery characteristics and reliability can be produced.
- the present invention also provides a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound that are excellent in battery characteristics and reliability.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of silicic acid-boric acid compound particles produced in Examples 3, 5 and 7.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of silicic acid-boric acid compound particles produced in Examples 9 and 11.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an X-ray diffraction pattern of silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles produced in Examples 19 and 21.
- A represents at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K.
- A represents an atom of the above three alkali metal elements.
- A may consist of a combination of two or more atoms.
- M represents at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni.
- M represents an atom of the above four transition metal elements. M may consist of a combination of two or more atoms.
- chemical formulas, such as Formula (1), Formula (2), Formula (3) represent an average composition.
- a crystal having an olivine structure is hereinafter referred to as an olivine crystal, and a particle containing the olivine crystal is also referred to as an olivine crystal particle.
- the olivine-type crystal particle may partially include a crystal structure other than the olivine-type crystal structure, or may partially include an amorphous structure. It is preferable that substantially all of the olivine type crystal particles are made of olivine type crystals.
- step (11), step (12), step (13), and step (14) are performed in this order. Other steps may be performed before, between, and after the steps (11) to (14) as long as each step is not affected.
- Step (11) at least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, Si and B, and melting
- the oxide equivalent amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom when it becomes a product is 15% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 30%, 35% ⁇ MO ⁇ 55%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 50% 1% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 20%, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / 0.5MO ⁇ 1.2, heating the raw material formulation to obtain a melt
- Step (12) a step of cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product
- Step (13) pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product
- step (21), step (22), step (23), and step (24) are performed in this order. Do. Other steps may be performed before, between, and after the steps (21) to (24) as long as each step is not affected.
- the oxide equivalent amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each element when it becomes a melt is 15% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 30%, 35% ⁇ MO ⁇ 55%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 50%, 1% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 20%, 1% ⁇ P 2 O 5 ⁇ 18%, 1% ⁇ (B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 25%, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / 0.5MO ⁇ 1.2 is heated to obtain a melt.
- Step (22) a step of cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product
- Step (23) a step of pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product
- Step (24) A step of heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by the formula (2).
- the composition has a relatively high molar ratio of B 2 O 3 in terms of oxide, the material cost can be reduced. Moreover, since the upper limit of the heating temperature at the time of melting a raw material formulation rises, a melting temperature range can be expanded and it becomes easy to manufacture. Furthermore, in the case of the second embodiment containing P, since it can be melted in a wide composition range in step (21), a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound in a wide composition range can be obtained and produced. Cost can be reduced.
- each step will be specifically described.
- Step (11) in the production method of the first embodiment of the present invention is first selected from the group consisting of at least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K and Fe, Mn, Co and Ni. At least one kind of atom M, and Si and B (however, at least one selected from the group consisting of atom A, atom M, Si and B is contained as an oxide) and becomes a melt.
- the oxide conversion amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom is 15% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 30%, 35% ⁇ MO ⁇ 55%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 50%, 1% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 20%, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / 0.5MO ⁇ 1.2
- a raw material formulation is obtained. Subsequently, the raw material formulation is heated to obtain a melt. Before the raw material preparation is heated, it may be mixed, pulverized and heated to obtain a melt. Alternatively, the raw material preparation may be manufactured after each raw material has been pulverized in advance. The raw material mixture is mixed and pulverized using a ball mill, a jet mill, a planetary mill or the like in a dry or wet manner. A dry method is preferable in that it is not necessary to remove the dispersion medium.
- the melt has the above composition range because the composition of the finally obtained silicic acid-boric acid compound can be easily controlled to satisfy the formula (1).
- the raw material composition is such that the melt satisfies 15% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 30%, 35% ⁇ MO ⁇ 55%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 50%, and 1% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 20%. This is preferable because the product can be easily melted.
- MO is 55% or more
- SiO 2 is 3% or less
- B 2 O 3 is 1% or less
- a 2 O is 30% or more
- MO is 35% or less, SiO 2 is 50% or more, or B 2 O 3 is 20% or more, it is difficult to obtain a target silicic acid-boric acid compound. It becomes.
- dissolves means that a raw material formulation melt
- the melt further has a composition satisfying 18% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 25%, 3% ⁇ MO ⁇ 50%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 40%, and 2% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 18%. Since the desired silicic acid-boric acid compound can be obtained, it is particularly preferable.
- the melt is not limited to those consisting only of atoms A, M, silicon (Si), boron (B), and oxygen (O), but Ti, V, B, Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn. It may contain at least one atom X selected from the group consisting of By containing the atom X, the raw material preparation can be easily melted.
- the content of atoms X (the total amount in the case of a plurality of atoms) is 0.1 to 5% in terms of oxide equivalent (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom when it becomes a melt. preferable.
- atoms A, atoms M, Si and B are converted into oxides (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom when it becomes a melt, 15% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 30% 35% ⁇ MO ⁇ 55%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 50%, 1% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 20%, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) ⁇
- the raw materials are selected and mixed so that a melt satisfying 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / 0.5MO ⁇ 1.2 is obtained.
- the raw material is a compound containing atom A, a compound containing atom M, a compound containing Si, a compound containing B, or a compound containing atom X as necessary.
- Step (21) in the production method of the second embodiment of the present invention includes at least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, and at least selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni. 1 type of atom M and Si, B, and P (however, at least one selected from the group consisting of atom A, atom M, Si, B, and P is included as an oxide) and melted.
- the oxide equivalent amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom when it becomes a product is 15% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 30%, 35% ⁇ MO ⁇ 55%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 50% 1% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 20%, 1% ⁇ P 2 O 5 ⁇ 18%, 1% ⁇ (B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 25%, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O /(0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / 0.
- a raw material formulation with 5MO ⁇ 1.2 is obtained.
- a silicic acid-boric acid compound containing phosphoric acid is preferable because a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a wide composition range can be obtained.
- the raw material formulation Is preferable because it can be melted.
- composition range of the melt in the production method of the second embodiment is preferable because the composition of the resulting silicic acid-boric acid compound can be easily controlled to be represented by the formula (2).
- the melt in the manufacturing method of the second embodiment is not limited to the one consisting only of atom A, atom M, silicon (Si), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and oxygen (O), Ti, It may contain at least one atom X selected from the group consisting of V, B, Al, Ca, Cu, Mg and Zn.
- atom X selected from the group consisting of V, B, Al, Ca, Cu, Mg and Zn.
- the content of atoms X (the total amount in the case of a plurality of atoms) is 0.1 to 5% in terms of oxides (unit: mol%) of the content of each element when it becomes a melt. Is preferred.
- atoms A, atoms M, Si, B, and P are converted into oxides (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom when it becomes a melt, and 15% ⁇ A 2 O ⁇ 30%, 35% ⁇ MO ⁇ 55%, 3% ⁇ SiO 2 ⁇ 50%, 1% ⁇ B 2 O 3 ⁇ 20%, 1% ⁇ P 2 O 5 ⁇ 18%, and 1% ⁇ (B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 25%, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ A 2 O / 0.5MO ⁇
- the raw materials are selected and mixed so as to obtain a melt that is 1.2.
- the raw material is a compound containing atom A, a compound containing atom M, a compound containing Si, a compound containing B, a compound containing P, or a compound containing atom X as necessary.
- A may be at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K. However, since it is suitable as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, it is preferable to make Li essential. It is particularly preferred.
- the silicic acid-boric acid compound containing Li can increase the capacity per unit volume (mass) of the secondary battery.
- Examples of the compound containing the atom A include A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ), A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 ), A hydroxide (AOH), A borate (A 2 O ⁇ B 2 O 3 , A 2 O ⁇ 2B 2 O 3 ), A phosphate and hydrogen phosphate (A t H 3 -t PO 4 , 0 ⁇ t ⁇ 3), A nitrate (ANO 3 ), A At least one selected from the group consisting of chloride (ACl), A sulfate (A 2 SO 4 ), A acetate (CH 3 COOA), and A oxalate ((COOA) 2 ) These compounds may each form a hydrated salt).
- a 2 CO 3 or AHCO 3 is particularly preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to handle.
- ⁇ Compound containing atom M> M may be at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni.
- a silicic acid-boric acid compound When applying a silicic acid-boric acid compound to a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, it is preferable to use at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe and Mn as M from the viewpoint of cost. Fe is particularly preferable because the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode material for a secondary battery is easily developed. From the viewpoint of increasing the operating voltage, at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Co and Ni is preferable.
- oxides of M FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , Co 2 O 3 , NiO
- M oxyhydroxide (MO (OH)) metal M
- M borate M phosphate (M 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , MPO 4 )
- M chloride M nitrate
- M at least one selected from the group consisting of sulfates of M, organic salts of M, and the like.
- Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , Co 3 O 4 or NiO is more preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to handle.
- Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 or MnO 2 is particularly preferred.
- silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), And at least one selected from the group consisting of M silicates selected from the group consisting of MSiO 3 and M 2 SiO 4 (wherein M is the same type of atom as described above).
- SiO 2 is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of inexpensiveness.
- the compound containing Si may be crystalline or amorphous.
- the compound containing B is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), A borate, M borate, and the like.
- B 2 O 3 or H 3 BO 3 is particularly preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to handle.
- NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , A phosphate or P 2 O 5 is particularly preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to handle.
- a compound containing an atom A includes A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ), A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 ), A hydroxide (AOH), A borate (A 2 O ⁇ B 2 O 3 , A 2 O.2B 2 O 3 ), A nitrate (ANO 3 ), A chloride (ACl), A sulfate (A 2 SO 4 ) and A acetate (CH 3 COOA), and And at least one selected from the group consisting of the oxalate salt of element A ((COOA) 2 ) (however, these compounds may each form a hydrate salt),
- a compound containing an atom M is an oxide of M (FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CoO, Co 3 O 4
- a more preferable combination of the compound containing atom A, the compound containing atom M, the compound containing Si and the compound containing B as a raw material formulation is:
- the compound containing the atom A is A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ) or A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 );
- the compound containing the atom M is an oxide of M (FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , Co 2 O 3 , NiO) or M Oxyhydroxide (MO (OH)) of
- the compound containing Si is silicon oxide (SiO 2 )
- the compound containing B is boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) or boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ). It is a combination.
- a compound containing an atom A includes A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ), A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 ), A hydroxide (AOH), A borate (A 2 O ⁇ B 2 O 3 , A 2 O.2B 2 O 3 ), A phosphate and hydrogen phosphate (A t H 3 -t PO 4 , 0 ⁇ t ⁇ 3), A nitrate (ANO 3 ), A chloride (ACl), A sulfate (A 2 SO 4 ) and A acetate (CH 3 COOA), and A oxalate ((COOA) 2 ) (wherein these compounds are hydrated salts, respectively) And at least one selected from the group consisting of:
- the compound containing atom M is M oxide, M oxyhydroxide (MO (OH)
- the compound containing Si is a silicate of A selected from silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (wherein A is the same kind of atom as described above), and MSiO 3 and At least one selected from M silicates selected from M 2 SiO 4 (wherein M is the same type of atom as described above);
- the compound containing B is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), A borate, and M borate, and P A compound containing phosphorus oxide (P 2 O 5 ), ammonium phosphate ((NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 ), ammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), polyphosphoric acid (H (n + 2) P n O (3n
- a more preferable combination of the compound containing atom A as the raw material formulation, the compound containing atom M, the compound containing Si, the compound containing B, and the compound containing P is:
- the compound containing the atom A is A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ) or A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 );
- the compound containing the atom M is an oxide of M (FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , Co 2 O 3 , NiO) or M Oxyhydroxide (MO (OH)) of
- the compound containing Si is silicon oxide (SiO 2 )
- the compound containing B is boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) or boric acid (H 3 BO 3 );
- the combination in which the compound containing P is ammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ).
- the composition of the raw material formulation corresponds theoretically to the composition of the melt obtained from the raw material formulation.
- this raw material formulation there are components that are easily lost due to volatilization etc. during melting, such as Li, B, P, etc., so the composition of the resulting melt is calculated from the charge of each raw material It may be slightly different from the oxide equivalent amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each element.
- the purity of the raw material in a raw material formulation is not specifically limited, The range which does not reduce a desired characteristic is preferable.
- the purity excluding the water of hydration is preferably 99% or more, particularly preferably 99.9% or more.
- the particle size of the raw material is not particularly limited as long as it is within a range in which a uniform melt can be obtained by melting.
- the container used for heating is preferably made of alumina, carbon, silicon carbide, zirconium boride, titanium boride, boron nitride, platinum or platinum containing rhodium, but refractory bricks should be used. You can also. Furthermore, it is preferable to attach a lid to the container in order to prevent volatilization and evaporation.
- Heating is preferably performed using a resistance heating furnace, a high frequency induction furnace or a plasma arc furnace.
- the electric resistance furnace is particularly preferably an electric furnace provided with a heating element made of a metal such as a nichrome alloy, silicon carbide, or molybdenum silicide.
- the temperature at which the raw material mixture is heated and melted is preferably 1,200 ° C. to 1,500 ° C., particularly preferably 1,300 ° C. to 1,450 ° C.
- the raw material formulation of the second embodiment can be melted at a lower temperature than the raw material formulation of the first embodiment, and a particularly preferred temperature range is 1,250 ° C. to 1,400 ° C.
- the time for heating and melting the raw material preparation is preferably 0.2 to 2 hours, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2 hours. If the melting time is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the uniformity of the melt will be sufficient, and if it is not more than the upper limit, the raw material components will not easily evaporate.
- Step (12) or Step (22) the melt obtained in step (11) or step (21) is rapidly cooled to around room temperature (20 to 25 ° C.) to obtain a solidified product.
- the solidified product preferably contains an amorphous part. By including the amorphous part, it is softer than the crystalline part and thus easily pulverized, and the material diffusion in the amorphous part is fast, so that the reactivity can be increased. It becomes easy to control the composition of the silicic acid-phosphoric acid compound. Furthermore, in the post-process (4), the product can be prevented from being agglomerated, and the particle size of the product can be easily controlled.
- the amorphous part is preferably 80 to 100% by mass of the solidified product.
- the amorphous part prefferably be in this range because the solidified product is easily pulverized and the reactivity is increased.
- the wear of the cooling device is remarkably accelerated, and the burden on the subsequent step (13) or step (23) is increased.
- the cooling of the melt is preferably performed in an inert gas or a reducing gas because the equipment is simple. According to this cooling method, an amorphous substance can be obtained more easily.
- the cooling rate is preferably not less than -1 ⁇ 10 3 °C / sec, -1 ⁇ 10 4 °C / sec or more is particularly preferable.
- a temperature change per unit time (ie, cooling rate) in the case of cooling is indicated by a negative value
- a temperature change per unit time in case of heating ie, the heating rate
- the upper limit of the cooling rate is preferably about ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 10 ° C./second from the viewpoint of manufacturing equipment and mass productivity, and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 8 ° C./second is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of practicality.
- a method for cooling the melt a method in which the melt is dropped between twin rollers rotating at high speed, a method in which the melt is dropped on a single rotating roller, and cooling is performed, or a carbon plate on which the melt is cooled.
- a method of cooling by pressing on a metal plate is preferable.
- a cooling method using twin rollers is particularly preferable because the cooling rate is high and a large amount of processing can be performed.
- the double roller it is preferable to use one made of metal, carbon or ceramic.
- a fiber-like solidified product is obtained by continuously winding a fiber-like solidified product (long fiber) from a melt with a drum that rotates at a high speed, or by using a spinner that rotates at a high speed and has pores on the side walls. You may use the method of obtaining (short fiber). If these apparatuses are used, the melt is effectively cooled, and a solidified product having a high purity and a uniform chemical composition can be obtained.
- a cooling method there is also a method in which the melt is directly poured into water, but this method is difficult to control, it is difficult to obtain an amorphous material, the solidified product becomes a lump, and the disadvantage of requiring a lot of labor for grinding There is.
- a cooling method there is also a method in which a melt is directly added to liquid nitrogen, and the cooling rate can be made faster than in the case of water, but there are problems similar to the method using water, and the cost is high.
- the solidified product is preferably flaky or fibrous.
- the average thickness is preferably 200 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the average diameter of the surface perpendicular to the average thickness in the case of flakes is not particularly limited.
- the average diameter is preferably 50 ⁇ m or less, particularly preferably 30 ⁇ m or less.
- Step (13) or step (23) is a step of pulverizing the solidified product obtained in step (12) or step (22) to obtain a pulverized product.
- the solidified product may be pulverized after containing at least one carbon source selected from the group consisting of an organic compound and a carbon-based conductive active material. Alternatively, the solidified product may be preliminarily pulverized before the carbon source is included.
- the solidified product and the carbon source may be pulverized in advance and mixed.
- the carbon source has an action of preventing oxidation and promoting reduction in step (13) or step (23), step (14) or step (24).
- silicic acid-boric acid compound or silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound can be used as a conductive material for the positive electrode material.
- the mixing / pulverization is preferably performed by a dry or wet method using a ball mill, a jaw crusher, a jet mill, a planetary mill or the like.
- a carbon source when included, it is preferable to pulverize in a wet manner in order to uniformly disperse the carbon source on the surface of the pulverized product.
- the carbon source is an organic compound
- wet pulverization using a dispersion medium capable of dissolving the organic compound is preferable.
- the subsequent step (14) or step (24) is preferably performed after removing the dispersion medium by sedimentation, filtration, drying under reduced pressure, drying by heating, or the like.
- the average particle diameter of the pulverized product is preferably 1 nm to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m in terms of volume median diameter in order to increase conductivity when applied to a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.
- the average particle size is not less than the lower limit of the above range, because the pulverized products are not sintered together in the subsequent step (14) or step (24) and the particle size becomes too large.
- the heating temperature and time of a following process (14) or process (24) can be reduced, it is preferable.
- Organic compound at least one selected from the group consisting of saccharides, amino acids, peptides, aldehydes and ketones is preferable, and saccharides, amino acids and peptides are particularly preferable.
- sugars include monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and galactose; oligosaccharides such as sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, and trehalose; polysaccharides such as invert sugar, dextrin, amylose, amylopectin, and cellulose; Can be mentioned.
- amino acids include amino acids such as alanine and glycine.
- Peptides include low molecular weight peptides having a molecular weight of 1,000 or less. Furthermore, organic compounds having a reducing functional group such as an aldehyde group or a ketone group are also included. As the organic compound, specifically, glucose, sucrose, glucose-fructose invert sugar, caramel, starch, pregelatinized starch, carboxymethylcellulose and the like are preferable.
- Carbon-based conductive active material As the carbon-based conductive active material, carbon black, graphite, acetylene black, carbon fiber, amorphous carbon and the like are preferable.
- carbon-based conductive active material By including a carbon-based conductive active material at the time of mixing and pulverizing the solidified product, after producing the silicic acid-boric acid compound or silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound in step (14) or step (24), carbon There is no need to provide a separate step of mixing the conductive conductive material.
- the distribution of the carbon-based conductive active material in the powder of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound can be reduced. It becomes uniform, and the contact area with the organic compound or a thermal decomposition product (carbide) thereof increases. This makes it possible to increase the bonding strength of the carbon-based conductive active material to the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
- the amount of the carbon source is preferably such that the ratio of the carbon equivalent (mass) to the total mass of the solidified product and the carbon equivalent (mass) in the carbon source is 0.1 to 20% by mass. An amount of mass% is particularly preferred.
- the carbon source at least the lower limit of the above range, the conductivity when the silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound are used as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery can be sufficiently enhanced. .
- the amount not more than the upper limit of the above range when the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound are used as the positive electrode material for the secondary battery, the characteristics as the positive electrode material for the secondary battery are high. Can be retained.
- Step (14) is a step of obtaining a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by formula (1), preferably crystal grains thereof.
- A +1 valence
- M +2 valence
- Si +4 valence
- Step (24) is a step of obtaining a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by formula (2), preferably crystal grains thereof.
- A is +1 valence
- M is +2 valence
- Si is +4 valence
- B is +3 valence
- P is +5 valence. It is preferable to have a relationship of x + 2y + 4 (1-ab) + 3a + 5b ⁇ / 2.
- Step (14) or step (24) preferably includes crystal nucleation and grain growth of the pulverized product. Further, when at least one selected from the group consisting of an organic compound and a carbon-based conductive active material is included in the previous pulverization step, the resulting silicic acid-boric acid compound, preferably on the surface of the crystal particles It is preferably a step of bonding at least one selected from an organic compound, a carbon-based conductive active material, and a reactant thereof. When the step (13) or the step (23) is performed by a wet method, the dispersion medium may be removed at the same time as the heating and firing.
- a silicic acid-boric acid compound when applied to a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, good characteristics are exhibited, which is preferable.
- 0.3 to 15 mol% of a part of atom M may be substituted with an atom having a valence of +2 or +3 in order to improve performance. .
- Ti, V, B, Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn are mentioned.
- the silicic acid-boric acid compound represented by the formula (1) is a compound having a composition represented by the formula (3) and is a crystal particle because it can be produced at low cost.
- Li x (Fe m Mn 1-m ) y Si 1-a B a O z (3) (Wherein, x, y, z and a are the same numerical values as described above, and m is 0 ⁇ m ⁇ 1).
- the silicic acid-boric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (3) is a compound having the composition represented by the formula (4), a material exhibiting good characteristics can be produced at low cost. Is particularly preferred. LiFe m Mn 1-m Si 1-a B a O z (4) (In the formula, z, a and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.)
- the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (2) is a compound having the composition represented by the formula (5) and is a crystal particle, it can be produced at low cost. Therefore, it is preferable.
- the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound represented by the formula (5) is a compound having the composition represented by the formula (6), a material exhibiting good characteristics can be produced at a low cost. Is particularly preferred. LiFe m Mn 1-m Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (6) (In the formula, z, a, b and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.)
- Step (14) or step (24) is preferably performed in an inert gas or a reducing gas.
- the pressure may be normal pressure, increased pressure (1.1 ⁇ 10 5 Pa or more), and reduced pressure (0.9 ⁇ 10 5 Pa or less).
- the container containing the reducing agent (for example, graphite) and the pulverized material is loaded in the heating furnace, reduction of M ions in the pulverized material (for example, change from M 3+ to M 2+ ). Can be promoted.
- the silicic acid-boric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (1) and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (2) can be obtained with good reproducibility.
- the heating temperature is preferably 500 to 1,000 ° C., particularly preferably 600 to 900 ° C.
- the heating temperature is 1,000 ° C. or less, the pulverized product is difficult to melt and the crystal diameter and particle diameter can be easily controlled.
- the heating temperature is within this range, silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having an appropriate crystallinity, particle size, particle size distribution, etc., preferably crystalline particles thereof can be easily obtained. .
- the step (14) or the step (24) may be performed at a constant temperature or by changing the temperature in multiple stages. As the heating temperature is increased, the particle diameter of the generated particles tends to increase. Therefore, it is preferable to set the heating temperature according to a desired particle diameter.
- the heating time (holding time depending on the heating temperature) is preferably 1 to 72 hours in consideration of a desired particle size.
- the inert gas is a gas containing 99% by volume or more of at least one inert gas selected from the group consisting of nitrogen gas (N 2 ), and rare gases such as helium gas (He) and argon gas (Ar).
- the reducing gas refers to a gas that is substantially free of oxygen by adding a reducing gas to the above-described inert gas.
- the reducing gas include hydrogen gas (H 2 ), carbon monoxide gas (CO), and ammonia gas (NH 3 ).
- the amount of the reducing gas in the inert gas is preferably 0.1% by volume or more, more preferably 1 to 10% by volume of the reducing gas in the total gas volume.
- the oxygen content is preferably 1% by volume or less, and particularly preferably 0.1% by volume or less in the gas volume.
- cooling After the heating in the step (14) or the step (24) is completed, usually cooling to room temperature.
- the cooling rate in the cooling is preferably ⁇ 30 ° C./hour to ⁇ 300 ° C./hour. By setting the cooling rate within this range, distortion due to heating can be removed, and when the product is crystalline particles, the target product can be obtained while maintaining the crystal structure.
- the cooling can be performed without using a cooling means.
- the cooling may be left to cool to room temperature. Cooling is preferably performed in an inert gas or a reducing gas.
- the organic compound and the carbon-based conductive active material adhering to the surface of the pulverized product in the step (13) or the step (23) are the silicic acid-boric acid compound or the silicic acid-boron produced in the step (14) or the step (24). It can bind to the particle surface of the acid-phosphate compound and function as a conductive material.
- the organic compound is thermally decomposed in the step (14) or the step (24), and at least a part of the organic compound becomes a carbide to function as a conductive material.
- the thermal decomposition of the organic compound is preferably performed at 400 ° C. or lower, and the carbonization is preferably performed at 600 ° C. or lower. When pyrolysis is performed at 600 ° C.
- volume change associated with the pyrolysis reaction can be reduced. Bonds uniformly and firmly on the surface of acid-boric acid compound or silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles, or between silicic acid-boric acid compound particles or between silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles .
- the particles of silicic acid-boric acid compound have a conductive carbonaceous layer of 0.1 to 20% by mass based on the total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer. Alternatively, it is preferably contained at the interface between the particles, and particularly preferably 2 to 10% by mass.
- the conductive carbonaceous layer in which the particles of silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound are 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer Is preferably contained at the surface of the particles or at the interface between the particles, and particularly preferably 2 to 10% by mass.
- the silicic acid-boric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (1) or the formula (2) A silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having the composition shown is produced.
- the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound are preferably particles, more preferably crystal particles, and particularly preferably olivine type crystal particles.
- the particles include both primary particles and secondary particles.
- a crystal particle of silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound is formed, and at the same time, an organic compound or a carbon-based conductive active material is formed on the surface. It is possible to manufacture a material in which conductive materials based on the above are uniformly and firmly bonded. This powder material is suitable for a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.
- secondary particles are present in the obtained silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles or powder material containing the same, they are crushed and pulverized to the extent that the primary particles are not destroyed. May be.
- the crystal particles are olivine-based crystals and preferably do not include crystals composed of cristobalite, boric acid M, and phosphoric acid M.
- the average particle diameter of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles of the present invention is preferably 10 nm to 10 ⁇ m, particularly preferably 10 nm to 2 ⁇ m, in terms of volume median diameter. By making the average particle diameter within this range, the conductivity of the powder of silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles becomes higher.
- the average particle diameter can be determined by, for example, observation with an electron microscope or measurement with a laser diffraction particle size distribution meter.
- the specific surface area can be measured by, for example, a specific surface area measuring apparatus using a nitrogen adsorption method.
- the crystal particles are preferably composed only of primary particles.
- the method for producing silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound of the present invention is excellent in manufacturability and composition controllability of silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
- the olivine type silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound can be produced inexpensively and efficiently.
- the productivity of crystal particles of silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound can be improved.
- a positive electrode for a secondary battery By using the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound obtained by the production method of the present invention as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, a positive electrode for a secondary battery can be produced.
- the silicic acid-phosphoric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound of the present invention are used as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, when the atom M is, for example, Fe and / or Mn, these divalent / trivalent compounds It works by utilizing the redox reaction for charging and discharging.
- the positive electrode for a secondary battery of the present invention can be manufactured according to a known electrode manufacturing method except that the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention are used.
- a silicic acid-phosphoric acid compound powder may be added to a known binder (polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl chloride, ethylene propylene diene polymer, styrene-butadiene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber, fluorine if necessary.
- the mixed powder thus obtained may be compression-molded on a support made of stainless steel or filled in a metal container.
- the mixed powder is mixed with an organic solvent (N-methylpyrrolidone, toluene, cyclohexane, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, NN-dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran.
- organic solvent N-methylpyrrolidone, toluene, cyclohexane, dimethylformamide, dimethylacetamide, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl acetate, methyl acrylate, diethyltriamine, NN-dimethylaminopropylamine, ethylene oxide, tetrahydrofuran.
- a metal substrate such as aluminum, nickel, stainless steel, or copper can also be employed.
- a secondary battery can be manufactured using the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.
- the secondary battery include a metal lithium secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium polymer secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery is preferable.
- the battery shape is not limited, and various shapes and sizes such as a cylindrical shape, a square shape, and a coin shape can be appropriately employed.
- the structure of the secondary battery a structure in a known secondary battery can be adopted except that the positive electrode for a secondary battery obtained by the production method of the present invention is used as an electrode.
- the negative electrode a known negative electrode active material can be used as the active material, and at least one selected from the group consisting of alkali metal materials and alkaline earth metal materials is preferably used.
- the electrolytic solution a non-aqueous electrolytic solution is preferable. That is, as the secondary battery obtained by the production method of the present invention, a non-aqueous electrolyte lithium ion secondary battery is preferable.
- the secondary battery manufacturing method of the present invention by applying the secondary battery positive electrode obtained by the secondary battery positive electrode manufacturing method of the present invention to the secondary battery positive electrode, characteristics and reliability can be improved. An excellent secondary battery can be obtained.
- Step (11) Lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), so that the composition of the melt is a Li 2 O, FeO, MnO, SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 conversion amount (unit: mol%), and the ratio shown in Table 1 respectively.
- Triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) are weighed, mixed and pulverized in a dry process, Obtained.
- the obtained raw material mixture was filled in a platinum crucible containing 20% by mass of rhodium.
- the crucible was placed in an electric furnace (model name: NH-3035, manufactured by Motoyama) equipped with a heating element made of molybdenum silicide.
- the electric furnace was heated at a rate of 300 ° C./hour and heated at 1,350 to 1,450 ° C. for 0.5 hour while flowing N 2 gas at a flow rate of 1 L / min. Each melt was obtained after confirming that it became transparent visually.
- Step (12) the melt is cooled at ⁇ 1 ⁇ 10 5 ° C./sec by passing the melt in the crucible through a stainless steel double roller having a diameter of about 15 cm and rotating at 400 revolutions per minute to obtain a flaky solidified product. It was.
- the obtained solidified product was a glassy substance.
- the thickness of the flaky solidified material obtained in each example was measured with a micrometer and found to be 50 to 150 ⁇ m.
- Step (13) The obtained flaky solidified product was lightly kneaded and coarsely pulverized, and then coarsely pulverized using a pestle and mortar. Further, the pulverization medium was made into balls made of zirconia and mixed and pulverized by a dry method using a planetary mill to obtain a pulverized product.
- the particle diameter of the pulverized product of Example 5 was measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., apparatus name: LA-950). The median diameter in terms of volume was 2.5 ⁇ m. .
- Step (14) The crushed materials of Examples 1 to 13 after sieving were heated in 3% by volume H 2 —Ar gas at 700 ° C. for 8 hours, whereby silicic acid-boron each having the composition represented by formula (1) Acid compound particles were obtained. Further, in each example, each pulverized product was heated at 600 ° C. for 8 hours and heated at 800 ° C. for 8 hours in 3% by volume H 2 —Ar gas. Silica-boric acid compound particles having the same composition represented by the formula (1) as in the case of heating for 8 hours were obtained. The average particle diameter of the silicic acid-boric acid compound particles obtained by heating at 600 ° C., and the median diameter in terms of volume was 3.3 ⁇ m. Furthermore, it was 2.1 m ⁇ 2 > / g when the specific surface area was measured with the specific surface area measuring apparatus (Shimadzu Corporation make, apparatus name: ASAP2020).
- composition analysis The chemical composition of the resulting silicic acid-boric acid compound particles was measured. First, silicic acid-boric acid compound particles were heated and sealed and decomposed with a 2.5 mol / L NaOH solution at 120 ° C., and the decomposed solution was dried under hydrochloric acid acidity and filtered again as an acidic hydrochloric acid solution. A residue was obtained. Fe, Mn, Si, B and P in the filtrate used an inductively coupled emission spectrophotometer (Seiko Instruments Inc., apparatus name: SPS3100), and Li in the filtrate was an atomic absorption photometer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Device name: Z-2310) was used for quantification.
- Example 14 to 22 Lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 2 ) so that the composition of the melt is a Li 2 O, FeO, SiO 2 , B 2 O 3, and P 2 O 5 equivalent amount (unit: mol%) and the ratio shown in Table 3 respectively. 3 ), triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), respectively, And mixed and pulverized to obtain a raw material formulation. In the same manner as in Example 1, the raw material formulation was subjected to steps (21) to (24) to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
- Example 4 The chemical composition of the obtained silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 4 shows the chemical compositions of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles obtained by heating at 700 ° C. for 8 hours in Examples 14-22.
- Example 2 The mineral phase of the obtained silicic acid-boric acid compound particles was examined in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the X-ray diffraction patterns of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles obtained by heating at 700 ° C. for 8 hours in Example 19 and Example 21 are shown in FIGS. 3a) and b), respectively.
- Example 23 Manufacture of positive electrode for Li ion secondary battery and evaluation battery
- carbon black and glucose aqueous solution
- carbon black and glucose aqueous solution
- the obtained pulverized product was heated at 700 ° C. for 8 hours in Ar gas in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the chemical composition of the obtained particles was measured in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the chemical composition was Li 1.01 Fe 0.98 Si 0.65 B 0.35 O 3.31 .
- the carbon content of the obtained particles was measured using a carbon analyzer (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., apparatus name: EMIA-920A), it was 2.8% based on the C mass.
- grains was 1.5 micrometers in median diameter of volume conversion.
- the obtained carbon-containing particles were used as an active material, and these, polyvinylidene fluoride resin as a binder, and acetylene black as a conductive material were weighed in a mass ratio of 85: 5: 10, and N—
- a slurry was prepared by thoroughly mixing methylpyrrolidone as a solvent. Next, the slurry was applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 30 ⁇ m with a bar coater. The solvent was removed by drying at 120 ° C. in the air, and then the coating layer was consolidated by a roll press and cut into strips each having a width of 10 mm and a length of 40 mm.
- the coating layer was peeled off leaving a 10 ⁇ 10 mm tip of strip-shaped aluminum foil, which was used as an electrode.
- the coating thickness of the obtained electrode after roll pressing was 20 ⁇ m.
- the obtained electrode was vacuum-dried at 150 ° C., then carried into a glove box filled with purified argon gas, and opposed to a counter electrode in which lithium foil was pressure-bonded to a nickel mesh with a porous polyethylene film separator, Both sides were fixed with a polyethylene plate.
- the counter electrode was put in a polyethylene beaker, and a nonaqueous electrolyte solution in which lithium hexafluorophosphate was dissolved in a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate (1: 1 volume ratio) at a concentration of 1 mol / L was injected. Fully impregnated. The electrode after impregnation with the electrolytic solution was taken out from the beaker, put in an aluminum laminate film bag, the lead wire part was taken out and sealed to form a half battery. The characteristics of these half cells were measured as follows.
- This charge / discharge cycle was repeated 10 cycles.
- the discharge capacity at the fifth cycle of the half cell using the active material of Example 15 was 105 mAh / g. Further, the charge / discharge cycle was repeated 10 cycles in the same manner at 60 ° C.
- the discharge capacity at the fifth cycle was 135 mAh / g.
- composition of the melt is 25.0%, 50.0%, 0.5% and 24.5% in terms of Li 2 O, FeO, SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 (unit: mol%), respectively.
- Lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) were weighed so that The raw material formulation was obtained by grinding. Although it melted at 1,350 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1, a complete melt could not be obtained.
- Li 2 O melt, FeO as represented by mol% of B 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 in terms of, respectively, 10.0% 60.0%, and 15.0% and 15.0% Lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), respectively
- a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound could be produced efficiently. Further, it was confirmed that the produced silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound have excellent characteristics as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery and further as a secondary battery.
- the method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to the present invention is easy to control the composition of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound. It is useful because it is easy.
- the obtained silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound are useful when applied to a positive electrode material for a secondary battery and further to a secondary battery.
Abstract
Description
特許文献1に電極材料として、Siを含む化合物として実際に開示されているのはLi1.7Mn0.7Fe0.3Si0.7P0.3O4であり、該化合物は、Li2MnSiO4およびLiFePO4を混合・粉砕し、管に封入し、加熱して製造する固相反応で製造している。固相反応は製造工程が複雑で、製造コストがかさみ、大量生産することが困難であり、組成制御も容易でない。 The manufacturing method described in Non-Patent
It is Li 1.7 Mn 0.7 Fe 0.3 Si 0.7 P 0.3 O 4 that is actually disclosed as an electrode material in
15%<A2O<30%、
35%<MO<55%、
3%<SiO2<50%、
1%<B2O3<20%、であり、
0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3)<1.2、
0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2、
である原料調合物を加熱して溶融物を得る工程、
前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、および、
前記粉砕物を加熱して下式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
AxMySi1-aBaOz (1)
(式中、AおよびMは、それぞれ前記と同じ種類の原子であり、x、yおよびaは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7であり、zは、x、y、aおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。)
[2] Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Aと、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Mと、SiおよびB(ただし、原子A、原子M、SiおよびBからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種は酸化物として含まれる。)と、を含む原料調合物を加熱して、各原子の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、
15%<A2O<30%、
35%<MO<55%、
3%<SiO2<50%、
1%<B2O3<20%、であり、
0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3)<1.2、
0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2、
である溶融物を得る工程、
前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、および、
前記粉砕物を加熱して下式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
AxMySi1-aBaOz (1)
(式中、AおよびMは、それぞれ前記と同じ種類の原子であり、x、yおよびaは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7であり、zは、x、y、aおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。)
[3] 前記原料調合物中に含まれる原子Aが、Aの炭酸塩、Aの炭酸水素塩、Aの水酸化物、Aのホウ酸塩、Aの硝酸塩、Aの塩化物、Aの硫酸塩、Aの酢酸塩、およびAのシュウ酸塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種(ただし、これらの化合物は、それぞれ水和塩を形成していてもよい。)として含まれ、
原子Mが、Mの酸化物、Mのオキシ水酸化物、Mの金属、Mのホウ酸塩、Mの塩化物、Mの硝酸塩、Mの硫酸塩、およびMの有機塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Siが、酸化ケイ素、A2SiO3およびA4SiO4からなる群から選ばれるAのケイ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、ならびにMSiO3およびM2SiO4からなる群から選ばれるMのケイ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Bが、酸化ホウ素、ホウ酸、Aのホウ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、およびMのホウ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれる、[1]または[2]のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
[4] Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Aと、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Mと、Si、BおよびPとを含み(ただし、原子A、原子M、Si、BおよびPからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種は酸化物として含まれる。)、溶融物になったときの各元素の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、
15%<A2O<30%、
35%<MO<55%、
3%<SiO2<50%、
1%<B2O3<20%、
1%<P2O5<18%、であり、
1%<(B2O3+P2O5)<25%、
0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3+P2O5)<1.2、
0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2
である原料調合物を加熱して溶融物を得る工程、
前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、および、
前記粉砕物を加熱して下式(2)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
AxMySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (2)
(式中、AおよびMは、それぞれ前記と同じ種類の原子であり、x、y、aおよびbは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7、0.03≦b≦0.65、0.05≦(a+b)≦0.95であり、zはx、y、a、bおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。)
[5] Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Aと、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Mと、Si、BおよびP(ただし、原子A、原子M、Si、BおよびPからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種は酸化物として含まれる。)と、を含む原料調合物を加熱して、各元素の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、
15%<A2O<30%、
35%<MO<55%、
3%<SiO2<50%、
1%<B2O3<20%、
1%<P2O5<18%、であり、
1%<(B2O3+P2O5)<25%、
0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3+P2O5)<1.2、
0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2
である溶融物を得る工程、
前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、および、
前記粉砕物を加熱して下式(2)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
AxMySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (2)
(式中、AおよびMは、それぞれ前記と同じ種類の原子であり、x、y、aおよびbは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7、0.03≦b≦0.65、0.05≦(a+b)≦0.95であり、zはx、y、a、bおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。)
[6] 前記原料調合物中に含まれる原子Aが、Aの炭酸塩、Aの炭酸水素塩、Aの水酸化物、Aのホウ酸塩、Aのリン酸塩およびリン酸水素塩、Aの硝酸塩、Aの塩化物、Aの硫酸塩、Aの酢酸塩、およびAのシュウ酸塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種(ただし、これらの化合物は、それぞれ水和塩を形成していてもよい。)として含まれ、
原子Mが、Mの酸化物、Mのオキシ水酸化物、Mの金属、Mのホウ酸塩、Mの塩化物、Mの硝酸塩、Mの硫酸塩、およびMの有機塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Siが、酸化ケイ素、A2SiO3およびA4SiO4からなる群から選ばれるAのケイ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、ならびにMSiO3およびM2SiO4からなる群から選ばれるMのケイ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Bが、酸化ホウ素、ホウ酸、Aのホウ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、およびMのホウ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Pが、酸化リン、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸水素アンモニウム、リン酸、ポリリン酸、亜リン酸、次亜リン酸、Aのリン酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、およびMのリン酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれる、[4]または[5]のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
[7] 前記原子AがLi、原子MがFeおよびMnからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、[1]~[6]のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
[8] 前記式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物が、下式(3)で表される組成を有する化合物であり、かつ結晶粒子である、[1]~[3]のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
Lix(FemMn1-m)ySi1-aBaOz (3)
(式中、x、y、zおよびaは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値であり、mは0≦m≦1である。)
[9]前記式(3)で表される組成を有する化合物が、下式(4)で表される組成を有する化合物である、[8]のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
LiFemMn1-mSi1-aBaOz (4)
(式中、z、aおよびmは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。)
[10] 前記式(2)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物が、下式(5)で表される組成を有する化合物であり、かつ結晶粒子である、[4]~[6]のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
Lix(FemMn1-m)ySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (5)
(式中、x、y、z、a、bおよびmは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。)
[11] 前記式(5)で表される組成を有する化合物が、下式(6)で表される組成を有する化合物である、[10]のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
LiFemMn1-mSi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (6)
(式中、z、a、bおよびmは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。) [1] including at least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and Si and B (However, at least one selected from the group consisting of atom A, atom M, Si and B is included as an oxide.) The oxide equivalent amount of each atom when it becomes a melt (unit: Mol%)
15% <A 2 O <30%,
35% <MO <55%,
3% <SiO 2 <50%,
1% <B 2 O 3 <20%,
0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) <1.2,
0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2,
Heating the raw material formulation to obtain a melt,
Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and
Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (1):
A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound.
A x M y Si 1-a B a O z (1)
(Wherein, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y and a are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, and z is a number depending on the valence N of x, y, a and M.)
[2] At least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and Si and B (provided that And at least one selected from the group consisting of A, atoms M, Si and B is included as an oxide.), And an oxide equivalent amount (unit: Mol%)
15% <A 2 O <30%,
35% <MO <55%,
3% <SiO 2 <50%,
1% <B 2 O 3 <20%,
0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) <1.2,
0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2,
Obtaining a melt which is
Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and
Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (1):
A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound.
A x M y Si 1-a B a O z (1)
(Wherein, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y and a are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, and z is a number depending on the valence N of x, y, a and M.)
[3] The atom A contained in the raw material preparation is A carbonate, A bicarbonate, A hydroxide, A borate, A nitrate, A chloride, A sulfuric acid. And at least one selected from the group consisting of a salt, an acetate of A, and an oxalate of A (however, these compounds may each form a hydrate salt),
Atom M is selected from the group consisting of M oxide, M oxyhydroxide, M metal, M borate, M chloride, M nitrate, M sulfate, and M organic salt Included as at least one
Si is a silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and MSiO 3 and M 2 SiO 4 M silicate selected from the group consisting of (wherein M is the same kind of atom as described above), and included as at least one selected from the group consisting of:
B is boron oxide, boric acid, A borate (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and M borate (where M is the same kind of atom as described above). ), A method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound of [1] or [2], which is contained as at least one selected from the group consisting of:
[4] At least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and Si, B and P Including (however, at least one selected from the group consisting of atom A, atom M, Si, B, and P is included as an oxide), the oxide equivalent amount of each element content when it becomes a melt (Unit: mol%)
15% <A 2 O <30%,
35% <MO <55%,
3% <SiO 2 <50%,
1% <B 2 O 3 <20%,
1% <P 2 O 5 <18%,
1% <(B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <25%,
0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <1.2,
0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2
Heating the raw material formulation to obtain a melt,
Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and
Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (2):
A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
A x M y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (2)
(In the formula, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y, a and b are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0. 05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, 0.03 ≦ b ≦ 0.65, 0.05 ≦ (a + b) ≦ 0.95, and z depends on the valence N of x, y, a, b, and M Number.)
[5] At least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and Si, B and P (provided that And at least one selected from the group consisting of atoms A, atoms M, Si, B and P is included as an oxide.), And the oxide conversion of the content of each element Amount (unit: mol%)
15% <A 2 O <30%,
35% <MO <55%,
3% <SiO 2 <50%,
1% <B 2 O 3 <20%,
1% <P 2 O 5 <18%,
1% <(B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <25%,
0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <1.2,
0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2
Obtaining a melt which is
Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and
Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (2):
A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
A x M y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (2)
(In the formula, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y, a and b are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0. 05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, 0.03 ≦ b ≦ 0.65, 0.05 ≦ (a + b) ≦ 0.95, and z depends on the valence N of x, y, a, b, and M Number.)
[6] Atom A contained in the raw material preparation is A carbonate, A bicarbonate, A hydroxide, A borate, A phosphate and hydrogen phosphate, A At least one selected from the group consisting of nitrate, A chloride, A sulfate, A acetate, and A oxalate (however, these compounds each form a hydrate salt) Included)
Atom M is selected from the group consisting of M oxide, M oxyhydroxide, M metal, M borate, M chloride, M nitrate, M sulfate, and M organic salt Included as at least one
Si is a silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and MSiO 3 and M 2 SiO 4 M silicate selected from the group consisting of (wherein M is the same kind of atom as described above), and included as at least one selected from
B is boron oxide, boric acid, A borate (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and M borate (where M is the same kind of atom as described above). ), At least one selected from the group consisting of:
P is phosphorus oxide, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, A phosphate (wherein A is the same kind of atom as described above). And a phosphate of M (wherein M is an atom of the same kind as described above), and included as at least one selected from the group consisting of silicic acid-boric acid of [4] or [5] A method for producing a phosphoric acid compound.
[7] The silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid of [1] to [6], wherein the atom A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li and the atom M is selected from the group consisting of Fe and Mn Compound production method.
[8] The silicic acid-boric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (1) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (3) and is a crystal particle: 3] The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound.
Li x (Fe m Mn 1-m ) y Si 1-a B a O z (3)
(In the formula, x, y, z and a are respectively the same numerical values as described above, and m is 0 ≦ m ≦ 1.)
[9] The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound according to [8], wherein the compound having the composition represented by the formula (3) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (4).
LiFe m Mn 1-m Si 1-a B a O z (4)
(In the formula, z, a and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.)
[10] The silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (2) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (5), and is a crystal particle: [4] ] To [6] a process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
Li x (Fe m Mn 1-m ) y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (5)
(In the formula, x, y, z, a, b and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.)
[11] The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to [10], wherein the compound having the composition represented by the formula (5) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (6): .
LiFe m Mn 1-m Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (6)
(In the formula, z, a, b and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.)
[13] 前記粉砕物を加熱してケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を得る工程を不活性ガス中または還元ガス中で、500℃~1,000℃で行う、[1]~[12]のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。 [12] In the step of obtaining the pulverized product, the solidified product includes at least one carbon source selected from an organic compound and a carbon-based conductive active material, and the amount of the carbon source is determined based on the amount of the solidified product and the carbon source. The silicic acid-boric acid compound of [1] to [11], wherein the ratio of the carbon conversion amount (mass) to the total mass with respect to the carbon conversion amount (mass) is 0.1 to 20% by mass And a method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
[13] The step of heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound is performed at 500 ° C. to 1,000 ° C. in an inert gas or a reducing gas. [1] to [12] A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
AxMySi1-aBaOz (1)
(式中、AはLi、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子、MはFe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子であり、x、yおよびaは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7であり、zは、x、y、aおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。) [14] A silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (1):
A x M y Si 1-a B a O z (1)
Wherein A is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, M is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and x, y and a is 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, and z is the valence N of x, y, a, and M. Depends on the number.)
AxMySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (2)
(式中、AはLi、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子、MはFe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子であり、x、y、aおよびbは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7、0.03≦b≦0.65、および0.05≦(a+b)≦0.95であり、zは、x、y、a、bおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。)
[16] 前記ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の粒子が、該ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物と導電性炭素質層との合計質量に対して、0.1~20質量%の導電性炭素質層を、該粒子の表面または粒子間界面に含有する、[14]のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物。
[17] 前記ケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の粒子が、該ケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物と導電性炭素質層との合計質量に対して、0.1~20質量%の導電性炭素質層を、該粒子の表面または粒子間界面に含有する、[15]のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物。
[18] [1]~[13]の製造方法でケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物からなる群から選ばれる複合酸化物を得て、次に、該複合酸化物を二次電池用正極材料として用いて、二次電池用正極を製造することを特徴とする二次電池用正極の製造方法。
[19] [18]に記載の製造方法で二次電池用正極を得て、次に、該二次電池用正極を用いて二次電池を製造することを特徴とする二次電池の製造方法。 [15] A silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (2):
A x M y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (2)
(Wherein, A is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, M is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and x, y, a and b are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, 0.03 ≦ b ≦ 0.65, and 0.05 ≦ (A + b) ≦ 0.95, and z is a number depending on the valence N of x, y, a, b, and M.)
[16] The conductive carbonaceous layer having 0.1 to 20% by mass of the silicic acid-boric acid compound particles based on a total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer; The silicic acid-boric acid compound according to [14], which is contained on the surface of the particle or the interparticle interface.
[17] The conductivity of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles is 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer. [15] The silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to [15], which contains a carbonaceous layer on the surface of the particles or at the interface between the particles.
[18] A composite oxide selected from the group consisting of silicic acid-boric acid compounds and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compounds is obtained by the production method of [1] to [13]. A method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery, wherein a positive electrode for a secondary battery is produced using a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.
[19] A method for producing a secondary battery, comprising obtaining a positive electrode for a secondary battery by the production method according to [18], and then producing a secondary battery using the positive electrode for a secondary battery. .
また本発明によれば、電池特性や信頼性に優れるケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物が提供される。 According to the production method of the present invention, a method for efficiently producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound using an inexpensive raw material and a simple technique is provided. In the production method of the present invention, the composition of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound can be easily controlled, so that the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid- A phosphoric acid compound can be produced efficiently. Therefore, by using the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound obtained by the present invention, a positive electrode for secondary batteries and a secondary battery excellent in battery characteristics and reliability can be produced.
The present invention also provides a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound that are excellent in battery characteristics and reliability.
また、オリビン型構造の結晶を以下オリビン型結晶といい、オリビン型結晶を含む粒子を以下オリビン型結晶粒子ともいう。オリビン型結晶粒子は、オリビン型結晶構造以外の結晶構造を部分的に含んでいてもよく、非結晶構造を部分的に含んでいてもよい。オリビン型結晶粒子としては、その実質的にすべてがオリビン型結晶からなっていることが好ましい。 In the following description, A represents at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K. A represents an atom of the above three alkali metal elements. A may consist of a combination of two or more atoms. M represents at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni. M represents an atom of the above four transition metal elements. M may consist of a combination of two or more atoms. In addition, chemical formulas, such as Formula (1), Formula (2), Formula (3), represent an average composition.
A crystal having an olivine structure is hereinafter referred to as an olivine crystal, and a particle containing the olivine crystal is also referred to as an olivine crystal particle. The olivine-type crystal particle may partially include a crystal structure other than the olivine-type crystal structure, or may partially include an amorphous structure. It is preferable that substantially all of the olivine type crystal particles are made of olivine type crystals.
本発明の第一実施形態のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法は、以下の工程(11)、工程(12)、工程(13)、および工程(14)を、この順に行う。(11)~(14)の工程前、工程間、および工程後には、各工程に影響を及ぼさない限り、他の工程を行ってもよい。
工程(11):Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子A、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子M、SiおよびBを含み、溶融物になったときの各原子の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、15%<A2O<30%、35%<MO<55%、3%<SiO2<50%、1%<B2O3<20%、であり、0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3)<1.2、0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2、である原料調合物を加熱して溶融物を得る工程、
工程(12):前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
工程(13):前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、
工程(14):前前記粉砕物を加熱して式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物を得る工程。 [Method for producing silicic acid-boric acid compound]
In the method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound according to the first embodiment of the present invention, the following step (11), step (12), step (13), and step (14) are performed in this order. Other steps may be performed before, between, and after the steps (11) to (14) as long as each step is not affected.
Step (11): at least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, Si and B, and melting The oxide equivalent amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom when it becomes a product is 15% <A 2 O <30%, 35% <MO <55%, 3% <SiO 2 <50% 1% <B 2 O 3 <20%, 0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) <1.2, 0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO < 1.2, heating the raw material formulation to obtain a melt,
Step (12): a step of cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Step (13): pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product,
Step (14): A step of heating the pulverized product before to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by the formula (1).
また、本発明の第二実施形態のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法は、以下の工程(21)、工程(22)、工程(23)、および工程(24)を、この順に行う。(21)~(24)の工程前、工程間、および工程後には、各工程に影響を及ぼさない限り、他の工程を行ってもよい。
工程(21):Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子A、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子M、Si、BおよびPを含み、溶融物になったときの各元素の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、15%<A2O<30%、35%<MO<55%、3%<SiO2<50%、1%<B2O3<20%、1%<P2O5<18%、であり、1%<(B2O3+P2O5)<25%、0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3+P2O5)<1.2、0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2である原料調合物を加熱して溶融物を得る工程、
工程(22):前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
工程(23):前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、
工程(24):前記粉砕物を加熱して式(2)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を得る工程。 [Method for producing silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound]
In the method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound of the second embodiment of the present invention, the following step (21), step (22), step (23), and step (24) are performed in this order. Do. Other steps may be performed before, between, and after the steps (21) to (24) as long as each step is not affected.
Step (21): including at least one atom M, Si, B and P selected from the group consisting of at least one atom A, Fe, Mn, Co and Ni selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K The oxide equivalent amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each element when it becomes a melt is 15% <A 2 O <30%, 35% <MO <55%, 3% <SiO 2 < 50%, 1% <B 2 O 3 <20%, 1% <P 2 O 5 <18%, 1% <(B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <25%, 0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <1.2, 0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2 is heated to obtain a melt. Process,
Step (22): a step of cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Step (23): a step of pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product,
Step (24): A step of heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by the formula (2).
以下、各工程について具体的に説明する。 In the production method of the present invention, since the composition has a relatively high molar ratio of B 2 O 3 in terms of oxide, the material cost can be reduced. Moreover, since the upper limit of the heating temperature at the time of melting a raw material formulation rises, a melting temperature range can be expanded and it becomes easy to manufacture. Furthermore, in the case of the second embodiment containing P, since it can be melted in a wide composition range in step (21), a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound in a wide composition range can be obtained and produced. Cost can be reduced.
Hereinafter, each step will be specifically described.
本発明の第一実施形態の製造方法における工程(11)は、まず、Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Aと、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Mと、SiおよびBと、を含み(ただし、原子A、原子M、SiおよびBからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種は酸化物として含まれる。)、溶融物になったときの各原子の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、15%<A2O<30%、35%<MO<55%、3%<SiO2<50%、1%<B2O3<20%、であり、0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3)<1.2、0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2、である原料調合物を得る。続いて該原料調合物を加熱して、溶融物を得る。原料調合物を加熱する前に混合・粉砕し、加熱して、溶融物を得てもよい。また、各原料を予め粉砕してから、原料調合物を製造してもよい。原料調合物の混合・粉砕は、ボールミル、ジェットミル、遊星ミル等を用い、乾式または湿式で行う。分散媒の除去が不要である点で、乾式が好ましい。 (Step (11) or Step (21))
Step (11) in the production method of the first embodiment of the present invention is first selected from the group consisting of at least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K and Fe, Mn, Co and Ni. At least one kind of atom M, and Si and B (however, at least one selected from the group consisting of atom A, atom M, Si and B is contained as an oxide) and becomes a melt. The oxide conversion amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom is 15% <A 2 O <30%, 35% <MO <55%, 3% <SiO 2 <50%, 1% <B 2 O 3 <20%, 0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) <1.2, 0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2 A raw material formulation is obtained. Subsequently, the raw material formulation is heated to obtain a melt. Before the raw material preparation is heated, it may be mixed, pulverized and heated to obtain a melt. Alternatively, the raw material preparation may be manufactured after each raw material has been pulverized in advance. The raw material mixture is mixed and pulverized using a ball mill, a jet mill, a planetary mill or the like in a dry or wet manner. A dry method is preferable in that it is not necessary to remove the dispersion medium.
Aは、Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の原子であればよいが、二次電池用正極材料として適しているため、Liを必須とするのが好ましく、Liのみであることが特に好ましい。Liを含むケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物は、二次電池の単位体積(質量)当たりの容量を高くできる。 <Compound containing atom A>
A may be at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K. However, since it is suitable as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, it is preferable to make Li essential. It is particularly preferred. The silicic acid-boric acid compound containing Li can increase the capacity per unit volume (mass) of the secondary battery.
MはFe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の原子であればよい。ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物を二次電池用正極材料に適用する場合、コストの点から、MとしてはFeおよびMnからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の原子を用いるのが好ましい。二次電池用正極材料の理論容量を発現し易くなる点から、Feが特に好ましい。作動電圧を高くする点からは、CoおよびNiからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の原子が好ましい。 <Compound containing atom M>
M may be at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni. When applying a silicic acid-boric acid compound to a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, it is preferable to use at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe and Mn as M from the viewpoint of cost. Fe is particularly preferable because the theoretical capacity of the positive electrode material for a secondary battery is easily developed. From the viewpoint of increasing the operating voltage, at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Co and Ni is preferable.
Siを含む化合物としては、酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、A2SiO3およびA4SiO4からなる群から選ばれるAのケイ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、ならびにMSiO3およびM2SiO4からなる群から選ばれるMのケイ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましい。なかでも、安価な点で、SiO2が特に好ましい。なお、Siを含む化合物は、結晶質であっても、非晶質であってもよい。 <Compound containing Si>
As the compound containing Si, silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), And at least one selected from the group consisting of M silicates selected from the group consisting of MSiO 3 and M 2 SiO 4 (wherein M is the same type of atom as described above). Of these, SiO 2 is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of inexpensiveness. Note that the compound containing Si may be crystalline or amorphous.
Bを含む化合物としては、酸化ホウ素(B2O3)、ホウ酸(H3BO3)、Aのホウ酸塩やMのホウ酸塩等からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましい。なかでも、安価かつ取扱いが容易な点で、B2O3またはH3BO3が特に好ましい。 <Compound containing B>
The compound containing B is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), A borate, M borate, and the like. Among these, B 2 O 3 or H 3 BO 3 is particularly preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to handle.
Pを含む化合物としては、酸化リン(P2O5)、リン酸アンモニウム((NH4)3PO4)、リン酸水素アンモニウム((NH4)2HPO4、NH4H2PO4)、リン酸(H3PO4)、ポリリン酸(H(n+2)PnO(3n+1))、亜リン酸(H3PO3)、次亜リン酸(H3PO2)、Aのリン酸塩、およびMのリン酸塩等からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種が好ましい。なかでも、安価かつ取扱いが容易な点で、NH4H2PO4、(NH4)2HPO4、Aのリン酸塩またはP2O5が特に好ましい。 <Compound containing P>
As the compound containing P, phosphorus oxide (P 2 O 5 ), ammonium phosphate ((NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 ), ammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), Phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), polyphosphoric acid (H (n + 2) P n O (3n + 1) ), phosphorous acid (H 3 PO 3 ), hypophosphorous acid (H 3 PO 2 ), A phosphate And at least one selected from the group consisting of M phosphates and the like. Among these, NH 4 H 2 PO 4 , (NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , A phosphate or P 2 O 5 is particularly preferable because it is inexpensive and easy to handle.
原子Aを含む化合物が、Aの炭酸塩(A2CO3)、Aの炭酸水素塩(AHCO3)、Aの水酸化物(AOH)、Aのホウ酸塩(A2O・B2O3、A2O・2B2O3)、Aの硝酸塩(ANO3)、Aの塩化物(ACl)、Aの硫酸塩(A2SO4)およびAの酢酸塩(CH3COOA)、および元素Aのシュウ酸塩((COOA)2)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種(ただし、これらの化合物は、それぞれ水和塩を形成していてもよい。)であり、
原子Mを含む化合物が、Mの酸化物(FeO、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、MnO、Mn2O3、MnO2、CoO、Co3O4、Co2O3、NiO)、Mのオキシ水酸化物(MO(OH))、金属M、Mのホウ酸塩、Mの塩化物、Mの硝酸塩、Mの硫酸塩、およびMの有機塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
Siを含む化合物が、酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、A2SiO3およびA4SiO4からなる群から選ばれるAのケイ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、ならびにMSiO3およびM2SiO4からなる群から選ばれるMのケイ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、そして
Bを含む化合物が、酸化ホウ素(B2O3)、ホウ酸(H3BO3)、Aのホウ酸塩およびMのホウ酸塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、組み合わせである。 In the first embodiment, a suitable combination of a compound containing atom A as a raw material formulation, a compound containing atom M, a compound containing Si, and a compound containing B is:
A compound containing an atom A includes A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ), A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 ), A hydroxide (AOH), A borate (A 2 O · B 2 O 3 , A 2 O.2B 2 O 3 ), A nitrate (ANO 3 ), A chloride (ACl), A sulfate (A 2 SO 4 ) and A acetate (CH 3 COOA), and And at least one selected from the group consisting of the oxalate salt of element A ((COOA) 2 ) (however, these compounds may each form a hydrate salt),
A compound containing an atom M is an oxide of M (FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , Co 2 O 3 , NiO), M At least one selected from the group consisting of metal oxyhydroxide (MO (OH)), metal M, M borate, M chloride, M nitrate, M sulfate, and M organic salt Yes,
A compound containing Si is a silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (wherein A is the same kind of atom as described above), and A compound containing at least one selected from the group consisting of M silicates selected from the group consisting of MSiO 3 and M 2 SiO 4 (wherein M is the same kind of atom as described above), and B Is a combination that is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), A borate and M borate.
原子Aを含む化合物が、Aの炭酸塩(A2CO3)またはAの炭酸水素塩(AHCO3)であり、
原子Mを含む化合物が、Mの酸化物(FeO、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、MnO、Mn2O3、MnO2、CoO、Co3O4、Co2O3、NiO)またはMのオキシ水酸化物(MO(OH))であり、
Siを含む化合物が、酸化ケイ素(SiO2)であり、
Bを含む化合物が、酸化ホウ素(B2O3)またはホウ酸(H3BO3)である、
組み合わせである。 In the first embodiment, a more preferable combination of the compound containing atom A, the compound containing atom M, the compound containing Si and the compound containing B as a raw material formulation is:
The compound containing the atom A is A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ) or A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 );
The compound containing the atom M is an oxide of M (FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , Co 2 O 3 , NiO) or M Oxyhydroxide (MO (OH)) of
The compound containing Si is silicon oxide (SiO 2 ),
The compound containing B is boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) or boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ).
It is a combination.
原子Aを含む化合物が、Aの炭酸塩(A2CO3)、Aの炭酸水素塩(AHCO3)、Aの水酸化物(AOH)、Aのホウ酸塩(A2O・B2O3、A2O・2B2O3)、Aのリン酸塩およびリン酸水素塩(AtH3-tPO4、0<t≦3)、Aの硝酸塩(ANO3)、Aの塩化物(ACl)、Aの硫酸塩(A2SO4)およびAの酢酸塩(CH3COOA)、およびAのシュウ酸塩((COOA)2)(ただし、これらの化合物は、それぞれ水和塩を形成していてもよい。)からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
原子Mを含む化合物が、Mの酸化物、Mのオキシ水酸化物(MO(OH))、金属M、Mのホウ酸塩、Mのリン酸塩(M3(PO4)2、MPO4)、Mの塩化物、Mの硝酸塩、Mの硫酸塩、Mの有機塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
Siを含む化合物が、酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、A2SiO3およびA4SiO4から選ばれるAのケイ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、ならびにMSiO3およびM2SiO4から選ばれるMのケイ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、
Bを含む化合物が、酸化ホウ素(B2O3)、ホウ酸(H3BO3)、Aのホウ酸塩、およびMのホウ酸塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種であり、そして
Pを含む化合物が、酸化リン(P2O5)、リン酸アンモニウム((NH4)3PO4)、リン酸水素アンモニウム((NH4)2HPO4、NH4H2PO4)、リン酸(H3PO4)、ポリリン酸(H(n+2)PnO(3n+1))、亜リン酸(H3PO3)、次亜リン酸(H3PO2)、Aのリン酸塩、およびMのリン酸塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、組み合わせである。 In the second embodiment, a suitable combination of a compound containing atom A as a raw material formulation, a compound containing atom M, a compound containing Si, a compound containing B, and a compound containing P is:
A compound containing an atom A includes A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ), A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 ), A hydroxide (AOH), A borate (A 2 O · B 2 O 3 , A 2 O.2B 2 O 3 ), A phosphate and hydrogen phosphate (A t H 3 -t PO 4 , 0 <t ≦ 3), A nitrate (ANO 3 ), A chloride (ACl), A sulfate (A 2 SO 4 ) and A acetate (CH 3 COOA), and A oxalate ((COOA) 2 ) (wherein these compounds are hydrated salts, respectively) And at least one selected from the group consisting of:
The compound containing atom M is M oxide, M oxyhydroxide (MO (OH)), metal M, M borate, M phosphate (M 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , MPO 4. ), M chloride, M nitrate, M sulfate, M organic salt, and at least one selected from the group consisting of
The compound containing Si is a silicate of A selected from silicon oxide (SiO 2 ), A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (wherein A is the same kind of atom as described above), and MSiO 3 and At least one selected from M silicates selected from M 2 SiO 4 (wherein M is the same type of atom as described above);
The compound containing B is at least one selected from the group consisting of boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), boric acid (H 3 BO 3 ), A borate, and M borate, and P A compound containing phosphorus oxide (P 2 O 5 ), ammonium phosphate ((NH 4 ) 3 PO 4 ), ammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), phosphoric acid (H 3 PO 4 ), polyphosphoric acid (H (n + 2) P n O (3n + 1) ), phosphorous acid (H 3 PO 3 ), hypophosphorous acid (H 3 PO 2 ), A phosphate, and The combination is at least one selected from the group consisting of M phosphates.
原子Aを含む化合物が、Aの炭酸塩(A2CO3)またはAの炭酸水素塩(AHCO3)であり、
原子Mを含む化合物が、Mの酸化物(FeO、Fe3O4、Fe2O3、MnO、Mn2O3、MnO2、CoO、Co3O4、Co2O3、NiO)またはMのオキシ水酸化物(MO(OH))であり、
Siを含む化合物が、酸化ケイ素(SiO2)であり、
Bを含む化合物が、酸化ホウ素(B2O3)またはホウ酸(H3BO3)であり、
Pを含む化合物が、リン酸水素アンモニウム((NH4)2HPO4、NH4H2PO4)である、組み合わせである。 In the second embodiment, a more preferable combination of the compound containing atom A as the raw material formulation, the compound containing atom M, the compound containing Si, the compound containing B, and the compound containing P is:
The compound containing the atom A is A carbonate (A 2 CO 3 ) or A bicarbonate (AHCO 3 );
The compound containing the atom M is an oxide of M (FeO, Fe 3 O 4 , Fe 2 O 3 , MnO, Mn 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , CoO, Co 3 O 4 , Co 2 O 3 , NiO) or M Oxyhydroxide (MO (OH)) of
The compound containing Si is silicon oxide (SiO 2 ),
The compound containing B is boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) or boric acid (H 3 BO 3 );
The combination in which the compound containing P is ammonium hydrogen phosphate ((NH 4 ) 2 HPO 4 , NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ).
原料調合物を加熱して溶融させる温度は、1,200℃~1,500℃が好ましく、1,300℃~1,450℃が特に好ましい。溶融させる温度が上記範囲の下限値以上であると溶融が容易になり、上限値以下であると原料の揮発がしにくくなる。第二実施形態の原料調合物は、第一実施形態の原料調合物よりも低い温度で溶融させることができ、特に好ましい温度範囲は1,250℃~1,400℃である。
また、原料調合物を加熱して溶融させる時間は0.2~2時間が好ましく、0.5~2時間が特に好ましい。溶融させる時間が上記範囲の下限値以上であると溶融物の均一性が充分になり、上限値以下であると原料成分が揮発しにくい。 <Melting conditions>
The temperature at which the raw material mixture is heated and melted is preferably 1,200 ° C. to 1,500 ° C., particularly preferably 1,300 ° C. to 1,450 ° C. When the melting temperature is not less than the lower limit of the above range, melting becomes easy, and when it is not more than the upper limit, the raw material is hardly volatilized. The raw material formulation of the second embodiment can be melted at a lower temperature than the raw material formulation of the first embodiment, and a particularly preferred temperature range is 1,250 ° C. to 1,400 ° C.
The time for heating and melting the raw material preparation is preferably 0.2 to 2 hours, particularly preferably 0.5 to 2 hours. If the melting time is not less than the lower limit of the above range, the uniformity of the melt will be sufficient, and if it is not more than the upper limit, the raw material components will not easily evaporate.
工程(12)または工程(22)では、工程(11)または工程(21)で得られた溶融物を急速に室温付近(20~25℃)まで冷却して固化物を得る。固化物は、非晶質部分を含むことが好ましい。非晶質部分を含むことにより、結晶質部分に比べて柔らかいので粉砕しやすく、また非晶質部分中の物質拡散は速いので、反応性を高めることができる。ケイ酸-リン酸化合物の組成を制御しやすくなる。さらに、後工程の工程(4)において、生成物が塊状になるのを防ぐことができ、かつ生成物の粒度が制御しやすくなる。非晶質部分は固化物の80~100質量%であるのが好ましい。非晶質部分が該範囲であると、固化物が粉砕しやすく、反応性が高まるので好ましい。結晶質部分を多く含むと粒状またはフレーク状の固化物を得ることが困難となる。また、冷却機器の損耗を著しく早め、さらに、その後の工程(13)または工程(23)の負担が大きくなる。 (Step (12) or Step (22))
In step (12) or step (22), the melt obtained in step (11) or step (21) is rapidly cooled to around room temperature (20 to 25 ° C.) to obtain a solidified product. The solidified product preferably contains an amorphous part. By including the amorphous part, it is softer than the crystalline part and thus easily pulverized, and the material diffusion in the amorphous part is fast, so that the reactivity can be increased. It becomes easy to control the composition of the silicic acid-phosphoric acid compound. Furthermore, in the post-process (4), the product can be prevented from being agglomerated, and the particle size of the product can be easily controlled. The amorphous part is preferably 80 to 100% by mass of the solidified product. It is preferable for the amorphous part to be in this range because the solidified product is easily pulverized and the reactivity is increased. When a large amount of crystalline part is contained, it becomes difficult to obtain a granular or flaky solidified product. Further, the wear of the cooling device is remarkably accelerated, and the burden on the subsequent step (13) or step (23) is increased.
冷却速度は、-1×103℃/秒以上が好ましく、-1×104℃/秒以上が特に好ましい。本明細書では、冷却する場合の単位時間当たりの温度変化(すなわち冷却速度)を負の値で示し、加熱する場合の単位時間当たりの温度変化(すなわち加熱速度)を正の値で示す。冷却速度を該値以上にすると非晶質物が得られやすい。冷却速度の上限値は製造設備や大量生産性の点から-1×1010℃/秒程度が好ましく、実用性の点からは-1×108℃/秒が特に好ましい。 The cooling of the melt is preferably performed in an inert gas or a reducing gas because the equipment is simple. According to this cooling method, an amorphous substance can be obtained more easily.
The cooling rate is preferably not less than -1 × 10 3 ℃ / sec, -1 × 10 4 ℃ / sec or more is particularly preferable. In the present specification, a temperature change per unit time (ie, cooling rate) in the case of cooling is indicated by a negative value, and a temperature change per unit time in case of heating (ie, the heating rate) is indicated by a positive value. When the cooling rate is higher than this value, an amorphous material is easily obtained. The upper limit of the cooling rate is preferably about −1 × 10 10 ° C./second from the viewpoint of manufacturing equipment and mass productivity, and −1 × 10 8 ° C./second is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of practicality.
なお、冷却方法としては、溶融物を水に直接投入する方法もあるが、該方法は制御が難しく、非晶質物を得るのが難しく、固化物が塊状となり、粉砕に多くの労力を要する欠点がある。冷却方法としては、液体窒素に溶融物を直接投入する方法もあり、水の場合よりも冷却速度を速くできるが、水を使用する方法と同様な問題があり、高コストである。 As a method for cooling the melt, a method in which the melt is dropped between twin rollers rotating at high speed, a method in which the melt is dropped on a single rotating roller, and cooling is performed, or a carbon plate on which the melt is cooled. Alternatively, a method of cooling by pressing on a metal plate is preferable. Among these, a cooling method using twin rollers is particularly preferable because the cooling rate is high and a large amount of processing can be performed. As the double roller, it is preferable to use one made of metal, carbon or ceramic. In addition, a fiber-like solidified product is obtained by continuously winding a fiber-like solidified product (long fiber) from a melt with a drum that rotates at a high speed, or by using a spinner that rotates at a high speed and has pores on the side walls. You may use the method of obtaining (short fiber). If these apparatuses are used, the melt is effectively cooled, and a solidified product having a high purity and a uniform chemical composition can be obtained.
In addition, as a cooling method, there is also a method in which the melt is directly poured into water, but this method is difficult to control, it is difficult to obtain an amorphous material, the solidified product becomes a lump, and the disadvantage of requiring a lot of labor for grinding There is. As a cooling method, there is also a method in which a melt is directly added to liquid nitrogen, and the cooling rate can be made faster than in the case of water, but there are problems similar to the method using water, and the cost is high.
フレーク状の場合には、平均厚さが200μm以下が好ましく、100μm以下が特に好ましい。フレーク状の場合の平均厚さに垂直な面の平均直径は、特に限定されない。繊維状の場合には、平均直径が50μm以下が好ましく、30μm以下が特に好ましい。平均厚さや平均直径を上記の上限値以下とすることにより、続く工程(13)または工程(23)の手間を低減することができ、結晶化効率を高くすることができる。平均厚さおよび平均直径は、ノギスやマイクロメータにより測定することができる。平均直径は、顕微鏡観察により測定することもできる。 The solidified product is preferably flaky or fibrous.
In the case of flakes, the average thickness is preferably 200 μm or less, particularly preferably 100 μm or less. The average diameter of the surface perpendicular to the average thickness in the case of flakes is not particularly limited. In the case of a fibrous form, the average diameter is preferably 50 μm or less, particularly preferably 30 μm or less. By setting the average thickness and the average diameter to be equal to or less than the above upper limit values, it is possible to reduce time and effort of the subsequent step (13) or step (23) and increase the crystallization efficiency. The average thickness and average diameter can be measured with a caliper or a micrometer. The average diameter can also be measured by microscopic observation.
工程(13)または工程(23)は、工程(12)または工程(22)で得た固化物を粉砕して粉砕物を得る工程である。固化物に有機化合物および炭素系導電活物質からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種の炭素源を含ませてから粉砕してもよく、また、固化物を予め粉砕してから炭素源を含ませて混合してもよく、固化物と炭素源をそれぞれ予め粉砕してから混合してもよい。該炭素源は、工程(13)または工程(23)、工程(14)または工程(24)における酸化防止、還元促進の作用を有する。炭素源は、固化物に混合されて粉砕され、固化物の表面を均一に被覆したり、固化物間の界面に存在するため、ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物またはケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を二次電池の正極材料に用いた場合に正極材料の導電材となり得る。 (Step (13) or Step (23))
Step (13) or step (23) is a step of pulverizing the solidified product obtained in step (12) or step (22) to obtain a pulverized product. The solidified product may be pulverized after containing at least one carbon source selected from the group consisting of an organic compound and a carbon-based conductive active material. Alternatively, the solidified product may be preliminarily pulverized before the carbon source is included. The solidified product and the carbon source may be pulverized in advance and mixed. The carbon source has an action of preventing oxidation and promoting reduction in step (13) or step (23), step (14) or step (24). Since the carbon source is mixed with the solidified product and pulverized to uniformly coat the surface of the solidified product or exists at the interface between the solidified products, silicic acid-boric acid compound or silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound Can be used as a conductive material for the positive electrode material.
有機化合物としては、糖類、アミノ酸類、ペプチド類、アルデヒド類およびケトン類からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、糖類、アミノ酸類、ペプチド類が特に好ましい。糖類としては、グルコース、フラクトース、ガラクトース等の単糖類;スクロース、マルトース、セロビオース、トレハロース等のオリゴ糖;転化糖、デキストリン、アミロース、アミロペクチン、セルロース等の多糖類およびアスコルビン酸等のこれらの類縁物質が挙げられる。
アミノ酸類としては、アラニン、グリシン等のアミノ酸が挙げられる。ペプチド類としては、分子量が1,000以下の低分子ペプチドが挙げられる。さらに、アルデヒド基やケトン基等の還元性の官能基を有する有機化合物も挙げられる。
有機化合物としては、具体的にはグルコース、スクロース、グルコース-フラクトース転化糖、カラメル、澱粉、α化した澱粉、カルボキシメチルセルロース等が好適である。 <Organic compounds>
As the organic compound, at least one selected from the group consisting of saccharides, amino acids, peptides, aldehydes and ketones is preferable, and saccharides, amino acids and peptides are particularly preferable. Examples of sugars include monosaccharides such as glucose, fructose, and galactose; oligosaccharides such as sucrose, maltose, cellobiose, and trehalose; polysaccharides such as invert sugar, dextrin, amylose, amylopectin, and cellulose; Can be mentioned.
Examples of amino acids include amino acids such as alanine and glycine. Peptides include low molecular weight peptides having a molecular weight of 1,000 or less. Furthermore, organic compounds having a reducing functional group such as an aldehyde group or a ketone group are also included.
As the organic compound, specifically, glucose, sucrose, glucose-fructose invert sugar, caramel, starch, pregelatinized starch, carboxymethylcellulose and the like are preferable.
炭素系導電活物質としては、カーボンブラック、グラファイト、アセチレンブラック、カーボンファイバおよびアモルファスカーボン等が好ましい。炭素系導電活物質を固化物の混合・粉砕時に含ませることによって、工程(14)または工程(24)でケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物またはケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を製造した後に、炭素系導電活物質を混合する工程を別途に設ける必要がなくなる。さらに、炭素系導電活物質を有機化合物と共に調合物の粉砕時に含ませることによって、ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の粉末内での炭素系導電活物質の分布が均一となり、また有機化合物またはその熱分解物(炭化物)との接触面積が大きくなる。これによって、炭素系導電活物質のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物に対する結合力を高めることが可能となる。 <Carbon-based conductive active material>
As the carbon-based conductive active material, carbon black, graphite, acetylene black, carbon fiber, amorphous carbon and the like are preferable. By including a carbon-based conductive active material at the time of mixing and pulverizing the solidified product, after producing the silicic acid-boric acid compound or silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound in step (14) or step (24), carbon There is no need to provide a separate step of mixing the conductive conductive material. Further, by including the carbon-based conductive active material together with the organic compound during the pulverization of the preparation, the distribution of the carbon-based conductive active material in the powder of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound can be reduced. It becomes uniform, and the contact area with the organic compound or a thermal decomposition product (carbide) thereof increases. This makes it possible to increase the bonding strength of the carbon-based conductive active material to the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
工程(14)においては、式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物、好ましくはその結晶粒子を得る工程である。 (Step (14) or Step (24))
Step (14) is a step of obtaining a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by formula (1), preferably crystal grains thereof.
また、式(1)中または式(2)中、性能向上のため、原子Mの一部0.3~15モル%を+2価または+3価の価数をとりうる原子で置換してもよい。例えば、Ti、V、B、Al、Ca、Cu、MgおよびZnが挙げられる。 In the formula (1), x, y and a satisfy 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2 and 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, and N = + 2. In addition, when a silicic acid-boric acid compound is applied to a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, good characteristics are exhibited, which is preferable. The value of z is 3.5 when x = 1, y = 1, N = + 2 and a = 0.5.
In formula (1) or formula (2), 0.3 to 15 mol% of a part of atom M may be substituted with an atom having a valence of +2 or +3 in order to improve performance. . For example, Ti, V, B, Al, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Zn are mentioned.
Lix(FemMn1-m)ySi1-aBaOz (3)
(式中、x、y、zおよびaは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値であり、mは0≦m≦1である。)。 Further, it is preferable that the silicic acid-boric acid compound represented by the formula (1) is a compound having a composition represented by the formula (3) and is a crystal particle because it can be produced at low cost.
Li x (Fe m Mn 1-m ) y Si 1-a B a O z (3)
(Wherein, x, y, z and a are the same numerical values as described above, and m is 0 ≦ m ≦ 1).
LiFemMn1-mSi1-aBaOz (4)
(式中、z、aおよびmは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。)。 Furthermore, when the silicic acid-boric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (3) is a compound having the composition represented by the formula (4), a material exhibiting good characteristics can be produced at low cost. Is particularly preferred.
LiFe m Mn 1-m Si 1-a B a O z (4)
(In the formula, z, a and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.)
Lix(FemMn1-m)ySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (5)
(式中、x、y、z、m、aおよびbは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。)。 Further, when the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (2) is a compound having the composition represented by the formula (5) and is a crystal particle, it can be produced at low cost. Therefore, it is preferable.
Li x (Fe m Mn 1-m ) y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (5)
(In the formula, x, y, z, m, a and b are respectively the same numerical values as described above.)
LiFemMn1-mSi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (6)
(式中、z、a、bおよびmは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。)。 Furthermore, when the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound represented by the formula (5) is a compound having the composition represented by the formula (6), a material exhibiting good characteristics can be produced at a low cost. Is particularly preferred.
LiFe m Mn 1-m Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (6)
(In the formula, z, a, b and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.)
工程(14)または工程(24)は、不活性ガス中または還元ガス中で行うのが好ましい。
圧力は、常圧、加圧(1.1×105Pa以上)、減圧(0.9×105Pa以下)のいずれでもよい。また、還元剤(例えばグラファイト)と粉砕物とを入れた容器を加熱炉内に装填して実施した場合には、粉砕物中のMイオンの還元(例えばM3+からM2+への変化)を促進することができる。これによって、式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物および式(2)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を再現性よく得ることができる。 <Heating conditions>
Step (14) or step (24) is preferably performed in an inert gas or a reducing gas.
The pressure may be normal pressure, increased pressure (1.1 × 10 5 Pa or more), and reduced pressure (0.9 × 10 5 Pa or less). Further, when the container containing the reducing agent (for example, graphite) and the pulverized material is loaded in the heating furnace, reduction of M ions in the pulverized material (for example, change from M 3+ to M 2+ ). Can be promoted. Thereby, the silicic acid-boric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (1) and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (2) can be obtained with good reproducibility.
また、加熱時間(加熱温度による保持時間)は所望の粒子径を考慮して1~72時間が好ましい。 The step (14) or the step (24) may be performed at a constant temperature or by changing the temperature in multiple stages. As the heating temperature is increased, the particle diameter of the generated particles tends to increase. Therefore, it is preferable to set the heating temperature according to a desired particle diameter.
The heating time (holding time depending on the heating temperature) is preferably 1 to 72 hours in consideration of a desired particle size.
ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の粒子が、該ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物と導電性炭素質層との合計質量に対して、0.1~20質量%の導電性炭素質層を、該粒子の表面または粒子間界面に含有するのが好ましく、2~10質量%含有するのが特に好ましい。
ケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の粒子が、該ケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物と導電性炭素質層との合計質量に対して、0.1~20質量%の導電性炭素質層を、該粒子の表面または粒子間界面に含有するのが好ましく、2~10質量%含有するのが特に好ましい。 The organic compound and the carbon-based conductive active material adhering to the surface of the pulverized product in the step (13) or the step (23) are the silicic acid-boric acid compound or the silicic acid-boron produced in the step (14) or the step (24). It can bind to the particle surface of the acid-phosphate compound and function as a conductive material. The organic compound is thermally decomposed in the step (14) or the step (24), and at least a part of the organic compound becomes a carbide to function as a conductive material. The thermal decomposition of the organic compound is preferably performed at 400 ° C. or lower, and the carbonization is preferably performed at 600 ° C. or lower. When pyrolysis is performed at 600 ° C. or lower, in addition to carbonization of the carbon-based conductive active material, volume change associated with the pyrolysis reaction can be reduced. Bonds uniformly and firmly on the surface of acid-boric acid compound or silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles, or between silicic acid-boric acid compound particles or between silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles .
The particles of silicic acid-boric acid compound have a conductive carbonaceous layer of 0.1 to 20% by mass based on the total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer. Alternatively, it is preferably contained at the interface between the particles, and particularly preferably 2 to 10% by mass.
The conductive carbonaceous layer in which the particles of silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound are 0.1 to 20% by mass with respect to the total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer Is preferably contained at the surface of the particles or at the interface between the particles, and particularly preferably 2 to 10% by mass.
結晶粒子は、オリビン系結晶であり、クリストバライト、ホウ酸M、およびリン酸Mからなる結晶が含まれないことが好ましい。 The particles include both primary particles and secondary particles. In addition, when a carbon source is included in the solidified product, a crystal particle of silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound is formed, and at the same time, an organic compound or a carbon-based conductive active material is formed on the surface. It is possible to manufacture a material in which conductive materials based on the above are uniformly and firmly bonded. This powder material is suitable for a positive electrode material for a secondary battery. When secondary particles are present in the obtained silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound particles or powder material containing the same, they are crushed and pulverized to the extent that the primary particles are not destroyed. May be.
The crystal particles are olivine-based crystals and preferably do not include crystals composed of cristobalite, boric acid M, and phosphoric acid M.
本発明の製造方法により得られたケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を、二次電池用正極材料として用いて、二次電池用正極を製造できる。
本発明のケイ酸-リン酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を二次電池用正極材料として用いると、原子Mが例えばFeおよびまたはMnの場合は、これらの2価/3価のレドックス反応を充放電に利用して、作用する。 [Method for producing positive electrode for secondary battery]
By using the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound obtained by the production method of the present invention as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, a positive electrode for a secondary battery can be produced.
When the silicic acid-phosphoric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound of the present invention are used as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery, when the atom M is, for example, Fe and / or Mn, these divalent / trivalent compounds It works by utilizing the redox reaction for charging and discharging.
本発明の製造方法により得られたケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を、二次電池用正極材料として用いて、二次電池を製造できる。二次電池としては、金属リチウム二次電池、リチウムイオン二次電池、リチウムポリマー二次電池等が挙げられるが、リチウムイオン二次電池が好ましい。電池形状は制限されることはなく、例えば円筒状、角型、コイン型等の種々の形状およびサイズを適宜採用できる。 [Method for producing secondary battery]
A secondary battery can be manufactured using the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery. Examples of the secondary battery include a metal lithium secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery, and a lithium polymer secondary battery, and a lithium ion secondary battery is preferable. The battery shape is not limited, and various shapes and sizes such as a cylindrical shape, a square shape, and a coin shape can be appropriately employed.
(工程(11))
溶融物の組成がLi2O、FeO、MnO、SiO2およびB2O3換算量(単位:モル%)で、それぞれ表1に示す割合となるように、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、四酸化三鉄(Fe3O4)、二酸化マンガン(MnO2)、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、および酸化ホウ素(B2O3)をそれぞれ秤量し、乾式で混合・粉砕し、原料調合物を得た。 [Examples 1 to 13]
(Step (11))
Lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), so that the composition of the melt is a Li 2 O, FeO, MnO, SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 conversion amount (unit: mol%), and the ratio shown in Table 1 respectively. Triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), manganese dioxide (MnO 2 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) are weighed, mixed and pulverized in a dry process, Obtained.
次に、るつぼ中の溶融物を、毎分400回転する直径約15cmのステンレス製双ローラを通すことによって、溶融物を-1×105℃/秒で冷却し、フレーク状の固化物を得た。得られた固化物はガラス状物質であった。各例で得たフレーク状固化物の厚さをマイクロメータで測定したところ、50~150μmであった。 (Step (12))
Next, the melt is cooled at −1 × 10 5 ° C./sec by passing the melt in the crucible through a stainless steel double roller having a diameter of about 15 cm and rotating at 400 revolutions per minute to obtain a flaky solidified product. It was. The obtained solidified product was a glassy substance. The thickness of the flaky solidified material obtained in each example was measured with a micrometer and found to be 50 to 150 μm.
得られたフレーク状固化物を軽く手で揉み粗粉砕した後、乳棒および乳鉢を用い、粗粉砕した。さらに、粉砕媒体をジルコニア製のボールとし、遊星ミルを用いて乾式で混合・粉砕して粉砕物を得た。実施例5の粉砕物の粒子径をレーザ回折/散乱式粒度分析計(堀場製作所製、装置名:LA-950)を用いて測定したところ、体積換算のメディアン径で、2.5μmであった。 (Step (13))
The obtained flaky solidified product was lightly kneaded and coarsely pulverized, and then coarsely pulverized using a pestle and mortar. Further, the pulverization medium was made into balls made of zirconia and mixed and pulverized by a dry method using a planetary mill to obtain a pulverized product. The particle diameter of the pulverized product of Example 5 was measured using a laser diffraction / scattering particle size analyzer (manufactured by Horiba, Ltd., apparatus name: LA-950). The median diameter in terms of volume was 2.5 μm. .
ふるい後の実施例1~13の粉砕物を3体積%H2-Arガス中にて、700℃で8時間加熱することによって、それぞれ式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物粒子を得た。さらに、各例において、各粉砕物を3体積%H2-Arガス中にて、600℃×8時間の加熱により、また800℃×8時間の加熱により、いずれの温度においてもそれぞれ上記700℃×8時間の加熱の場合と同様の式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物粒子を得た。600℃で加熱して得られたケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物粒子の平均粒径、体積換算のメディアン径では3.3μmであった。さらに、比表面積を比表面積測定装置(島津製作所社製、装置名:ASAP2020)で測定したところ、2.1m2/gであった。 (Step (14))
The crushed materials of Examples 1 to 13 after sieving were heated in 3% by volume H 2 —Ar gas at 700 ° C. for 8 hours, whereby silicic acid-boron each having the composition represented by formula (1) Acid compound particles were obtained. Further, in each example, each pulverized product was heated at 600 ° C. for 8 hours and heated at 800 ° C. for 8 hours in 3% by volume H 2 —Ar gas. Silica-boric acid compound particles having the same composition represented by the formula (1) as in the case of heating for 8 hours were obtained. The average particle diameter of the silicic acid-boric acid compound particles obtained by heating at 600 ° C., and the median diameter in terms of volume was 3.3 μm. Furthermore, it was 2.1 m < 2 > / g when the specific surface area was measured with the specific surface area measuring apparatus (Shimadzu Corporation make, apparatus name: ASAP2020).
得られたケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物粒子の化学組成を測定した。まず、ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物粒子を2.5mol/LのNaOH溶液で120℃にて加熱密閉分解し、分解液を塩酸酸性下で乾固し、再び塩酸酸性溶液として濾過した後、濾液および残渣を得た。濾液中のFe、Mn、Si、BおよびPは誘導結合発光分光分析装置(セイコーインスツルメンツ社製、装置名:SPS3100)を用い、また濾液中のLiは原子吸光光度計(日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製、装置名:Z-2310)を用いて、定量した。測定したFe、Mn、Si、BおよびLi含量から、FeO、MnO、SiO2、B2O3およびLi2Oを算出した。さらに、残渣は、灰化した後、フッ酸-硫酸で分解処理し、この処理による重量減少をSiO2含量とした。なお、全SiO2含量は、この値と誘導結合型発光分光分析装置によって同定したSiO2含量との合量とした。実施例1~13において、700℃で8時間加熱して得られたケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物粒子について、これらの定量値から求めた粒子の化学組成を表2に示す。 (Composition analysis)
The chemical composition of the resulting silicic acid-boric acid compound particles was measured. First, silicic acid-boric acid compound particles were heated and sealed and decomposed with a 2.5 mol / L NaOH solution at 120 ° C., and the decomposed solution was dried under hydrochloric acid acidity and filtered again as an acidic hydrochloric acid solution. A residue was obtained. Fe, Mn, Si, B and P in the filtrate used an inductively coupled emission spectrophotometer (Seiko Instruments Inc., apparatus name: SPS3100), and Li in the filtrate was an atomic absorption photometer (manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation, Device name: Z-2310) was used for quantification. From the measured Fe, Mn, Si, B and Li contents, FeO, MnO, SiO 2 , B 2 O 3 and Li 2 O were calculated. Further, the residue was ashed and then decomposed with hydrofluoric acid-sulfuric acid, and the weight loss due to this treatment was defined as the SiO 2 content. The total SiO 2 content was the total of this value and the SiO 2 content identified by the inductively coupled emission spectroscopic analyzer. Table 2 shows the chemical composition of the particles obtained from these quantitative values of the silicic acid-boric acid compound particles obtained by heating at 700 ° C. for 8 hours in Examples 1 to 13.
得られたケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物粒子の鉱物相を、X線回折装置(リガク社製、装置名:RINT TTRIII)を用いて調べた。その結果、いずれもオリビンの混晶と考えられる結晶質であり、クリストバライト、ホウ酸鉄(マンガン)およびリン酸鉄(マンガン)からなる結晶は同定されなかった。参考のために実施例3、5、7、9および11において、700℃で8時間加熱して得られたケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物粒子のX線回折パターンをそれぞれ、図1のa)、b)およびc)および図2のa)およびb)に示す。 (X-ray diffraction)
The mineral phase of the obtained silicic acid-boric acid compound particles was examined using an X-ray diffraction apparatus (manufactured by Rigaku Corporation, apparatus name: RINT TTRIII). As a result, the crystals were all considered to be olivine mixed crystals, and crystals composed of cristobalite, iron borate (manganese) and iron phosphate (manganese) were not identified. For reference, in Examples 3, 5, 7, 9 and 11, X-ray diffraction patterns of silicic acid-boric acid compound particles obtained by heating at 700 ° C. for 8 hours are shown in FIGS. ) And c) and a) and b) of FIG.
溶融物の組成がLi2O、FeO、SiO2、B2O3およびP2O5換算量(単位:モル%)で、それぞれ表3に示す割合となるように、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、四酸化三鉄(Fe3O4)、二酸化ケイ素(SiO2)、酸化ホウ素(B2O3)、およびリン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)をそれぞれ秤量し、乾式で混合・粉砕し、原料調合物を得た。原料調合物を実施例1と同様にして、工程(21)~(24)を経て、ケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を得た。 [Examples 14 to 22]
Lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 2 ) so that the composition of the melt is a Li 2 O, FeO, SiO 2 , B 2 O 3, and P 2 O 5 equivalent amount (unit: mol%) and the ratio shown in Table 3 respectively. 3 ), triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), respectively, And mixed and pulverized to obtain a raw material formulation. In the same manner as in Example 1, the raw material formulation was subjected to steps (21) to (24) to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
(Liイオン二次電池用正極および評価用電池の製造)
実施例3で得られたフレーク状の固化物に対して、カーボンブラックとグルコース(水溶液)とを、固化物とカーボンブラックとグルコースとの質量比が90:2.5:2.5となるように添加した。次いで、ジルコニア製のボールを用い、乾式で粉砕し粉砕物を得た。 [Example 23]
(Manufacture of positive electrode for Li ion secondary battery and evaluation battery)
With respect to the flaky solidified product obtained in Example 3, carbon black and glucose (aqueous solution) are mixed so that the mass ratio of the solidified product, carbon black and glucose is 90: 2.5: 2.5. Added to. Next, using a ball made of zirconia, it was pulverized in a dry manner to obtain a pulverized product.
得られた半電池を25℃の恒温槽に入れ、定電流充放電試験機(北斗電工社製、装置名:HJ201B)に接続して充放電試験を行った。電流密度は電極活物質の質量(導電材と結着剤とを除いた質量)当たりの電流値を85mA/gとして充放電を行った。充電終止電位はLi対極基準で4.2Vとし、終止電圧に到達後即座に放電を開始した。放電終止電圧はLi対極基準で2.0Vとした。この充放電サイクルを10サイクル繰り返した。実施例15の活物質を用いた半電池の5サイクル目の放電容量は、105mAh/gであった。さらに、60℃で同様にして充放電サイクルを10サイクル繰り返した。5サイクル目の放電容量は、135mAh/gであった。 (Charge / discharge characteristic evaluation of positive electrode for Li ion secondary battery)
The obtained half-cell was placed in a constant temperature bath at 25 ° C. and connected to a constant current charge / discharge tester (manufactured by Hokuto Denko Co., Ltd., device name: HJ201B) to conduct a charge / discharge test. The current density was charged / discharged with the current value per mass of the electrode active material (the mass excluding the conductive material and the binder) being 85 mA / g. The end-of-charge potential was 4.2 V with respect to the Li counter electrode, and discharge was started immediately after reaching the end-of-voltage. The end-of-discharge voltage was set to 2.0 V based on the Li counter electrode. This charge / discharge cycle was repeated 10 cycles. The discharge capacity at the fifth cycle of the half cell using the active material of Example 15 was 105 mAh / g. Further, the charge / discharge cycle was repeated 10 cycles in the same manner at 60 ° C. The discharge capacity at the fifth cycle was 135 mAh / g.
溶融物の組成が、Li2O、FeO、SiO2およびB2O3換算量(単位:モル%)で、それぞれ、25.0%、50.0%、0.5%および24.5%となるように、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、四酸化三鉄(Fe3O4)、ニ酸化ケイ素(SiO2)および酸化ホウ素(B2O3)をそれぞれ秤量し、乾式で混合・粉砕し、原料調合物を得た。1,350℃で実施例1と同様に溶融したが、完全な溶融物を得ることができなかった。 [Comparative Example 1]
The composition of the melt is 25.0%, 50.0%, 0.5% and 24.5% in terms of Li 2 O, FeO, SiO 2 and B 2 O 3 (unit: mol%), respectively. Lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ) were weighed so that The raw material formulation was obtained by grinding. Although it melted at 1,350 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1, a complete melt could not be obtained.
溶融物の組成がLi2O、FeO、B2O3およびP2O5換算のモル%表示で、それぞれ、10.0%、60.0%、15.0%および15.0%となるように、炭酸リチウム(Li2CO3)、四酸化三鉄(Fe3O4)、酸化ホウ素(B2O3)およびリン酸二水素アンモニウム(NH4H2PO4)をそれぞれ秤量し、乾式で混合・粉砕し、原料調合物を得た。1,400℃で実施例1と同様に溶融したが、完全な溶融物を得ることができなかった。 [Comparative Example 2]
Composition Li 2 O melt, FeO, as represented by mol% of B 2 O 3 and P 2 O 5 in terms of, respectively, 10.0% 60.0%, and 15.0% and 15.0% Lithium carbonate (Li 2 CO 3 ), triiron tetroxide (Fe 3 O 4 ), boron oxide (B 2 O 3 ), and ammonium dihydrogen phosphate (NH 4 H 2 PO 4 ), respectively, It was mixed and pulverized by a dry method to obtain a raw material formulation. Although it melted at 1,400 ° C. in the same manner as in Example 1, a complete melt could not be obtained.
なお、2010年5月6日に出願された日本特許出願2010-106773号の明細書、特許請求の範囲、図面および要約書の全内容をここに引用し、本発明の明細書の開示として、取り入れるものである。 The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to the present invention is easy to control the composition of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound. It is useful because it is easy. The obtained silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound are useful when applied to a positive electrode material for a secondary battery and further to a secondary battery.
The entire contents of the specification, claims, drawings, and abstract of Japanese Patent Application No. 2010-106773 filed on May 6, 2010 are cited herein as disclosure of the specification of the present invention. Incorporated.
Claims (19)
- Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Aと、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Mと、SiおよびBと、を含み(ただし、原子A、原子M、SiおよびBからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種は酸化物として含まれる。)、溶融物になったときの各原子の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、
15%<A2O<30%、
35%<MO<55%、
3%<SiO2<50%、
1%<B2O3<20%、であり、
0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3)<1.2、
0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2、
である原料調合物を加熱して溶融物を得る工程、
前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、および、
前記粉砕物を加熱して下式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
AxMySi1-aBaOz (1)
(式中、AおよびMは、それぞれ前記と同じ種類の原子であり、x、yおよびaは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7であり、zは、x、y、aおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。) Including at least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and Si and B (wherein At least one selected from the group consisting of atom A, atom M, Si and B is included as an oxide.), Oxide equivalent amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom when it becomes a melt But,
15% <A 2 O <30%,
35% <MO <55%,
3% <SiO 2 <50%,
1% <B 2 O 3 <20%,
0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) <1.2,
0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2,
Heating the raw material formulation to obtain a melt,
Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and
Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (1):
A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound.
A x M y Si 1-a B a O z (1)
(Wherein, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y and a are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, and z is a number depending on the valence N of x, y, a and M.) - Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Aと、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Mと、SiおよびB(ただし、原子A、原子M、SiおよびBからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種は酸化物として含まれる。)と、を含む原料調合物を加熱して、各原子の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、
15%<A2O<30%、
35%<MO<55%、
3%<SiO2<50%、
1%<B2O3<20%、であり、
0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3)<1.2、
0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2、
である溶融物を得る工程、
前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、および、
前記粉砕物を加熱して下式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
AxMySi1-aBaOz (1)
(式中、AおよびMは、それぞれ前記と同じ種類の原子であり、x、yおよびaは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7であり、zは、x、y、aおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。) At least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K; at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni; and Si and B (wherein atom A, atom And at least one selected from the group consisting of M, Si and B is included as an oxide.), And an oxide equivalent amount (unit: mol%) of the content of each atom is heated. But,
15% <A 2 O <30%,
35% <MO <55%,
3% <SiO 2 <50%,
1% <B 2 O 3 <20%,
0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 ) <1.2,
0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2,
Obtaining a melt which is
Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and
Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (1):
A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound.
A x M y Si 1-a B a O z (1)
(Wherein, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y and a are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, and z is a number depending on the valence N of x, y, a and M.) - 前記原料調合物中に含まれる原子Aが、Aの炭酸塩、Aの炭酸水素塩、Aの水酸化物、Aのホウ酸塩、Aの硝酸塩、Aの塩化物、Aの硫酸塩、Aの酢酸塩、およびAのシュウ酸塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種(ただし、これらの化合物は、それぞれ水和塩を形成していてもよい。)として含まれ、
原子Mが、Mの酸化物、Mのオキシ水酸化物、Mの金属、Mのホウ酸塩、Mの塩化物、Mの硝酸塩、Mの硫酸塩、およびMの有機塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Siが、酸化ケイ素、A2SiO3およびA4SiO4からなる群から選ばれるAのケイ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、ならびにMSiO3およびM2SiO4からなる群から選ばれるMのケイ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Bが、酸化ホウ素、ホウ酸、Aのホウ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、およびMのホウ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれる、請求項1または2に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。 Atoms A contained in the raw material formulation are A carbonate, A bicarbonate, A hydroxide, A borate, A nitrate, A chloride, A sulfate, A And at least one selected from the group consisting of A oxalate (however, these compounds may each form a hydrate salt),
Atom M is selected from the group consisting of M oxide, M oxyhydroxide, M metal, M borate, M chloride, M nitrate, M sulfate, and M organic salt Included as at least one
Si is a silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and MSiO 3 and M 2 SiO 4 M silicate selected from the group consisting of (wherein M is the same kind of atom as described above), and included as at least one selected from the group consisting of:
B is boron oxide, boric acid, A borate (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and M borate (where M is the same kind of atom as described above). 3) The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound according to claim 1 or 2, which is contained as at least one selected from the group consisting of: - Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Aと、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Mと、Si、BおよびPと、を含み(ただし、原子A、原子M、Si、BおよびPからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種は酸化物として含まれる。)、溶融物になったときの各元素の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、
15%<A2O<30%、
35%<MO<55%、
3%<SiO2<50%、
1%<B2O3<20%、
1%<P2O5<18%、であり、
1%<(B2O3+P2O5)<25%、
0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3+P2O5)<1.2、
0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2
である原料調合物を加熱して溶融物を得る工程、
前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、および、
前記粉砕物を加熱して下式(2)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
AxMySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (2)
(式中、AおよびMは、それぞれ前記と同じ種類の原子であり、x、y、aおよびbは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7、0.03≦b≦0.65、0.05≦(a+b)≦0.95であり、zはx、y、a、bおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。) And at least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and Si, B and P ( However, at least one selected from the group consisting of atom A, atom M, Si, B and P is included as an oxide.), Oxide equivalent amount (unit) of content of each element when it becomes a melt : Mol%)
15% <A 2 O <30%,
35% <MO <55%,
3% <SiO 2 <50%,
1% <B 2 O 3 <20%,
1% <P 2 O 5 <18%,
1% <(B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <25%,
0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <1.2,
0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2
Heating the raw material formulation to obtain a melt,
Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and
Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (2):
A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
A x M y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (2)
(In the formula, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y, a and b are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0. 05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, 0.03 ≦ b ≦ 0.65, 0.05 ≦ (a + b) ≦ 0.95, and z depends on the valence N of x, y, a, b, and M Number.) - Li、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Aと、Fe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子Mと、Si、BおよびP(ただし、原子A、原子M、Si、B、およびPからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種は酸化物として含まれる。)と、を含む原料調合物を加熱して、各元素の含有量の酸化物換算量(単位:モル%)が、
15%<A2O<30%、
35%<MO<55%、
3%<SiO2<50%、
1%<B2O3<20%、
1%<P2O5<18%、であり、
1%<(B2O3+P2O5)<25%、
0.8<A2O/(0.5SiO2+B2O3+P2O5)<1.2、
0.8<A2O/0.5MO<1.2
である溶融物を得る工程、
前記溶融物を冷却し固化物を得る工程、
前記固化物を粉砕し粉砕物を得る工程、および、
前記粉砕物を加熱して下式(2)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を得る工程、
を含むことを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
AxMySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (2)
(式中、AおよびMは、それぞれ前記と同じ種類の原子であり、x、y、aおよびbは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7、0.03≦b≦0.65、0.05≦(a+b)≦0.95であり、zはx、y、a、bおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。) At least one atom A selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K; at least one atom M selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni; and Si, B and P (provided that the atom A And at least one selected from the group consisting of atoms M, Si, B, and P is included as an oxide.), And an oxide equivalent amount of each element content ( Unit: mol%)
15% <A 2 O <30%,
35% <MO <55%,
3% <SiO 2 <50%,
1% <B 2 O 3 <20%,
1% <P 2 O 5 <18%,
1% <(B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <25%,
0.8 <A 2 O / (0.5SiO 2 + B 2 O 3 + P 2 O 5 ) <1.2,
0.8 <A 2 O / 0.5MO <1.2
Obtaining a melt which is
Cooling the melt to obtain a solidified product,
Pulverizing the solidified product to obtain a pulverized product; and
Heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (2):
A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound.
A x M y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (2)
(In the formula, A and M are the same kind of atoms as described above, and x, y, a and b are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0. 05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, 0.03 ≦ b ≦ 0.65, 0.05 ≦ (a + b) ≦ 0.95, and z depends on the valence N of x, y, a, b, and M Number.) - 前記原料調合物中に含まれる原子Aが、Aの炭酸塩、Aの炭酸水素塩、Aの水酸化物、Aのホウ酸塩、Aのリン酸塩およびリン酸水素塩、Aの硝酸塩、Aの塩化物、Aの硫酸塩、Aの酢酸塩、およびAのシュウ酸塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種(ただし、これらの化合物は、それぞれ水和塩を形成していてもよい。)として含まれ、
原子Mが、Mの酸化物、Mのオキシ水酸化物、Mの金属、Mのホウ酸塩、Mの塩化物、Mの硝酸塩、Mの硫酸塩、およびMの有機塩からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Siが、酸化ケイ素、A2SiO3およびA4SiO4からなる群から選ばれるAのケイ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、ならびにMSiO3およびM2SiO4からなる群から選ばれるMのケイ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Bが、酸化ホウ素、ホウ酸、Aのホウ酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、およびMのホウ酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれ、
Pが、酸化リン、リン酸アンモニウム、リン酸水素アンモニウム、リン酸、ポリリン酸、亜リン酸、次亜リン酸、Aのリン酸塩(ただし、Aは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、およびMのリン酸塩(ただし、Mは前記と同じ種類の原子である。)、からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種として含まれる、請求項4または5に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。 Atoms A contained in the raw material formulation are A carbonate, A bicarbonate, A hydroxide, A borate, A phosphate and hydrogen phosphate, A nitrate, At least one selected from the group consisting of A chloride, A sulfate, A acetate, and A oxalate (however, these compounds may each form a hydrate salt). Included)
Atom M is selected from the group consisting of M oxide, M oxyhydroxide, M metal, M borate, M chloride, M nitrate, M sulfate, and M organic salt Included as at least one
Si is a silicate of A selected from the group consisting of silicon oxide, A 2 SiO 3 and A 4 SiO 4 (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and MSiO 3 and M 2 SiO 4 M silicate selected from the group consisting of (wherein M is the same kind of atom as described above), and included as at least one selected from
B is boron oxide, boric acid, A borate (where A is the same kind of atom as described above), and M borate (where M is the same kind of atom as described above). ), At least one selected from the group consisting of:
P is phosphorus oxide, ammonium phosphate, ammonium hydrogen phosphate, phosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, A phosphate (wherein A is the same kind of atom as described above). And the phosphoric acid salt of M (wherein M is an atom of the same kind as described above), at least one selected from the group consisting of silicic acid-boric acid- A method for producing a phosphoric acid compound. - 前記原子AがLi、原子MがFeおよびMnからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。 The silicic acid-boric acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid- according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the atom A is at least one selected from the group consisting of Li and the atom M is selected from the group consisting of Fe and Mn. A method for producing a phosphoric acid compound.
- 前記式(1)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物が、下式(3)で表される組成を有する化合物であり、かつ結晶粒子である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
Lix(FemMn1-m)ySi1-aBaOz (3)
(式中、x、y、zおよびaは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値であり、mは0≦m≦1である。) The silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by the formula (1) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (3), and is a crystal particle: The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound according to one item.
Li x (Fe m Mn 1-m ) y Si 1-a B a O z (3)
(In the formula, x, y, z and a are respectively the same numerical values as described above, and m is 0 ≦ m ≦ 1.) - 前記式(3)で表される組成を有する化合物が、下式(4)で表される組成を有する化合物である、請求項8に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の製造方法。
LiFemMn1-mSi1-aBaOz (4)
(式中、z、aおよびmは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。) The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound according to claim 8, wherein the compound having the composition represented by the formula (3) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (4).
LiFe m Mn 1-m Si 1-a B a O z (4)
(In the formula, z, a and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.) - 前記式(2)で表される組成を有するケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物が、下式(5)で表される組成を有する化合物であり、かつ結晶粒子である、請求項4~6のいずれか一項に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
Lix(FemMn1-m)ySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (5)
(式中、x、y、z、a、bおよびmは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。) The silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having the composition represented by the formula (2) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (5) and is a crystal particle. The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to any one of the above.
Li x (Fe m Mn 1-m ) y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (5)
(In the formula, x, y, z, a, b and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.) - 前記式(5)で表される組成を有する化合物が、下式(6)で表される組成を有する化合物である、請求項10に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。
LiFemMn1-mSi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (6)
(式中、z、a、bおよびmは、それぞれ前記と同じ数値である。) The method for producing a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to claim 10, wherein the compound having the composition represented by the formula (5) is a compound having a composition represented by the following formula (6).
LiFe m Mn 1-m Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (6)
(In the formula, z, a, b and m are respectively the same numerical values as described above.) - 前記粉砕物を得る工程において、前記固化物に、有機化合物および炭素系導電活物質から選択される少なくとも1種の炭素源を含ませ、該炭素源の量は、固化物と炭素源中の炭素換算量(質量)との合計質量に対する該炭素換算量(質量)の割合が0.1~20質量%となる量である、請求項1~11のいずれか一項に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。 In the step of obtaining the pulverized product, the solidified product contains at least one carbon source selected from an organic compound and a carbon-based conductive active material, and the amount of the carbon source is determined based on the solidified product and the carbon in the carbon source. The silicic acid-boron according to any one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the ratio of the carbon equivalent (mass) to the total mass with the equivalent (mass) is 0.1 to 20 mass%. Method for producing acid compound and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound
- 前記粉砕物を加熱してケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物を得る工程を不活性ガス中または還元ガス中で、500℃~1,000℃で行う、請求項1~12のいずれか一項に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の製造方法。 2. The step of heating the pulverized product to obtain a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound is performed at 500 ° C. to 1,000 ° C. in an inert gas or a reducing gas. 13. A process for producing a silicic acid-boric acid compound and a silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to any one of .about.12.
- 下式(1)で表される組成を有することを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物。
AxMySi1-aBaOz (1)
(式中、AはLi、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子、MはFe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子であり、x、yおよびaは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.7であり、zは、x、y、aおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。) A silicic acid-boric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (1):
A x M y Si 1-a B a O z (1)
Wherein A is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, M is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and x, y and a is 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.7, and z is the valence N of x, y, a, and M. Depends on the number.) - 下式(2)で表される組成を有することを特徴とするケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物。
AxMySi1-(a+b)BaPbOz (2)
(式中、AはLi、NaおよびKからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子、MはFe、Mn、CoおよびNiからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の原子であり、x、y、aおよびbは、0.8<x<1.2、0.8<y<1.2、0.05≦a≦0.70、0.03≦b≦0.65、および0.05≦(a+b)≦0.95であり、zは、x、y、a、bおよびMの価数Nに依存する数である。) A silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound having a composition represented by the following formula (2):
A x M y Si 1- (a + b) B a P b O z (2)
(Wherein, A is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Li, Na and K, M is at least one atom selected from the group consisting of Fe, Mn, Co and Ni, and x, y, a and b are 0.8 <x <1.2, 0.8 <y <1.2, 0.05 ≦ a ≦ 0.70, 0.03 ≦ b ≦ 0.65, and 0.05 ≦ (A + b) ≦ 0.95, and z is a number depending on the valence N of x, y, a, b, and M.) - 前記ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物の粒子が、該ケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物と導電性炭素質層との合計質量に対して、0.1~20質量%の導電性炭素質層を、該粒子の表面または粒子間界面に含有する、請求項14に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物。 The particles of the silicic acid-boric acid compound comprise 0.1 to 20% by mass of the conductive carbonaceous layer based on the total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer. The silicic acid-boric acid compound according to claim 14, which is contained on a surface or an interparticle interface.
- 前記ケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物の粒子が、該ケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物と導電性炭素質層との合計質量に対して、0.1~20質量%の導電性炭素質層を、該粒子の表面または粒子間界面に含有する、請求項15に記載のケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物。 The particles of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound are 0.1 to 20% by mass of conductive carbonaceous matter based on the total mass of the silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound and the conductive carbonaceous layer. The silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compound according to claim 15, wherein the layer is contained on the surface of the particles or on the interface between the particles.
- 請求項1~13のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法でケイ酸-ホウ酸化合物およびケイ酸-ホウ酸-リン酸化合物からなる群から選ばれる複合酸化物を得て、次に、該複合酸化物を二次電池用正極材料として用いて、二次電池用正極を製造することを特徴とする二次電池用正極の製造方法。 A composite oxide selected from the group consisting of silicic acid-boric acid compounds and silicic acid-boric acid-phosphoric acid compounds is obtained by the production method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, and then the composite A method for producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery, comprising producing a positive electrode for a secondary battery using an oxide as a positive electrode material for a secondary battery.
- 請求項18に記載の製造方法で二次電池用正極を得て、次に、該二次電池用正極を用いて二次電池を製造することを特徴とする二次電池の製造方法。 A method for producing a secondary battery, comprising: obtaining a positive electrode for a secondary battery by the production method according to claim 18, and then producing a secondary battery using the positive electrode for the secondary battery.
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KR100309773B1 (en) * | 1999-06-17 | 2001-11-01 | 김순택 | Positive active material for lithium secondary battery and method of preparing the same |
CN100470894C (en) * | 2005-12-23 | 2009-03-18 | 清华大学 | Preparation method of phosphorus position partly substituted iron lithium phosphate powder |
CN101339994B (en) * | 2008-09-01 | 2010-12-01 | 甘肃大象能源科技有限公司 | Preparation of multi-position doped lithium iron phosphate positive electrode material and application thereof |
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JP2000306583A (en) * | 1994-08-04 | 2000-11-02 | Seiko Instruments Inc | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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JP2002033103A (en) * | 2000-07-17 | 2002-01-31 | Yuasa Corp | Lithium secondary battery |
JP2008293661A (en) * | 2007-05-22 | 2008-12-04 | Nec Tokin Corp | Positive electrode for lithium secondary battery, and lithium secondary battery using it |
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