WO2011136722A2 - Dispositif de dessalement - Google Patents

Dispositif de dessalement Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011136722A2
WO2011136722A2 PCT/SE2011/050484 SE2011050484W WO2011136722A2 WO 2011136722 A2 WO2011136722 A2 WO 2011136722A2 SE 2011050484 W SE2011050484 W SE 2011050484W WO 2011136722 A2 WO2011136722 A2 WO 2011136722A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pressure
membrane
central compartment
desalination
liquid
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/SE2011/050484
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2011136722A3 (fr
Inventor
Jonas Wamstad
Fredrik EDSTRÖM
Original Assignee
Airwatergreen Ab
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airwatergreen Ab filed Critical Airwatergreen Ab
Publication of WO2011136722A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011136722A2/fr
Publication of WO2011136722A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011136722A3/fr

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/08—Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/58—Multistep processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/445—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by forward osmosis
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/18—Specific valves
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2313/00—Details relating to membrane modules or apparatus
    • B01D2313/24—Specific pressurizing or depressurizing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
    • B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
    • B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/08—Seawater, e.g. for desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/131—Reverse-osmosis

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device and a method for desalination using osmosis and reversed osmosis.
  • a well functioning desalination system is not only interesting for the production of potable water. Many of today's industries have not only obligations to purify their own waste before disposing but also, an efficient way of desalination could also be used for recycling various liquids. Recycling does not only save the environment but also saves money.
  • a forward osmosis is created by having brine on one side of a membrane in a housing and letting sea water pass through said membrane into the housing.
  • the device is placed vertically to facilitate a concentration gradient within the housing.
  • the hydraulic pressure created with sea water that is pulled through the membrane enables reversed osmosis in the upper end of the device resulting in potable water.
  • the invention presented in document '446 is best suited for emergencies since it has to be charged with new osmotic agent after each run and therefore it is not suitable for large scale production of fresh water. Additionally, highly
  • Hicks et al. (Desalination, 73, 1989, 81 -94) studied a wave-powered system for desalination of seawater.
  • the presented product, DELBUOY still discharges saline solution out into the sea.
  • DELBUOY uses the motion of the sea waves to build up the pressure needed for driving the reverse osmosis.
  • Magagna et al. (Desalination, 7, 2009, 47-52) studied a wave-powered system for desalination of seawater.
  • the presented solution still discharges saline solution out into the sea.
  • the presented invention uses the motion of the sea waves to build up the pressure needed for driving the reverse osmosis.
  • WO2009/055884 presents a concept comprising a conventional desalination unit with membrane for reverse osmosis connected to an energy converter that is put into motion by the action of the sea waves.
  • the presented invention uses the motion of the sea waves to build up the pressure needed for driving the reverse osmosis.
  • the object of the present invention is to present a device and a method for desalination that overcome the drawbacks of the prior art, especially the formation of highly concentrated brine solutions that needs to be disposed and the necessity of using pumping systems.
  • the device for desalination comprising a housing, adapted to contain a brine with a higher salt concentration than the liquid to be desalinated, having a first end containing at least one inlet port and at least one semi permeable membrane or filter and a second end containing at least one outlet port and at least one semi permeable membrane or filter, a central
  • the central compartment contains a brine with a higher salt
  • -at least one check valve is located upstream or downstream from the membrane at the first end.
  • the pressure applying device is preferably, but not limited to, a piston.
  • the piston is exerting the pressure via a baffle or a membrane arranged in the wall of the central compartment.
  • the salt concentration of the brine is more than 2 times as high, preferably more than 5 times as high, more preferably more than 10 times as high as the liquid to be desalinated.
  • the pressure applying device is arranged in the wall of or inside the central compartment of the device.
  • At least two check valves there are at least two check valves. In another embodiment of the present invention there are more than one, preferably more than two inlet ports.
  • At least one check valve each of which is located upstream and/or downstream from each membrane.
  • the energy for the pressure applying device comes from wave energy.
  • the central compartment contains a gas.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is a method of desalination using a device according to claim 1 , wherein the method comprises following steps:
  • the salt concentration in the brine is more than 2 times as high, preferably more than 5 times as high, more preferably more than 10 times as high as the liquid to be desalinated or that the brine is a saturated solution.
  • the applied pressure to facilitate the reversed osmosis is added in amount to overcome the pressure potential across the membrane in the second end.
  • FIG. 1 shows schematically in cross-section, one embodiment in accordance with present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows schematically in cross-section, another embodiment in accordance with present invention with a membrane or a baffle together with the pressure applying device.
  • FIG. 3 shows schematically in cross-section, the method of desalination in accordance with the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 shows schematically in cross-section, the method of desalination in accordance with the present invention.
  • the word “desalination” and “desalinate” refer to the process of removing salt and other unwanted products from a liquid. This includes but is not limited to the process of removing salt from sea water to obtain potable water.
  • brine and "brine solution” refer to a solution containing either dissolved and/ or non-dissolved salt or sugar.
  • baffle refers to a non-elastic or an elastic wall separating the pressure applying device and the central part.
  • check valve refers to a device that allows a flow of liquid in one direction but hinders a flow in the opposite direction.
  • the opening and closing of the valve may be manoeuvred by the pressure of the liquid or externally using a control mechanism.
  • the flow of the liquid is defined to go from the first end towards the second end.
  • the present invention provides a device and a method that produces fresh water using a minimal amount of energy and leaves no high concentrated saline solution. Unlike some of the prior art, the present invention does not use the motion of the sea waves to build up a pressure inside the central compartment to facilitate reversed osmosis. Instead, the present invention take advantage of the pressure created from a forward osmosis.
  • a device that can be placed in a any liquid to be desalinated.
  • This liquid could be sea water or any other liquid that contains salt.
  • the present invention could be scaled up and located in the sea.
  • the sea water would be desalinated continuously and the need for a transporting pumping system depends on the amount of potable water produced, the frequency of the
  • the pressure applying device, check valve control mechanisms and optional pumps could be powered by wave energy resulting in a device that uses minimal amount of external power. Due to its construction with the check valves and the pressure applying device, unlike document '446 mentioned above the present invention will desalinate continuously. Document '446 describes a device that needs to be refilled after each cycle. Similarly, the present invention could be placed in a container for solvent waste.
  • the present invention comprises a housing assembly 10 with a first and a second end 20 and 30 respectively and a central compartment between the ends.
  • the first and second end contains a membrane 21 and 31 allowing a flow of liquid into the central compartment. This flow could be forward and reversed osmosis respectively.
  • check valves 22 and 32 are check valves 22 and 32, respectively located adjacent to the membranes 21 and 31 respectively. These valves control the flow direction but they also make sure that the brine concentration remains.
  • the check valves may be provided upstream or downstream of each membrane.
  • the space formed between the membranes 21 and 31 is the central compartment 40.
  • a brine 50 is added to the central part.
  • This brine may contain dissolved or non-dissolved salt or sugar and the concentration is preferably twice as high, or more preferably five times higher or even more preferred ten times higher than the concentration of the liquid 51 to be desalinated.
  • the central compartment 40 may contain a gas in order to pressurise said part.
  • the central compartment is equipped with a pressure applying device 60.
  • Said pressure applying device could be, but is not limited to, a piston that at a given condition, such as at a given pressure, time or salt concentration, applies a pressure to facilitate the liquid in the central compartment to exit through the membrane at the second end.
  • liquid might also flow out of the membrane 21.
  • the space 25 and 35 respectively created between the valves and the membranes should be as small as possible in order to optimize the amount of desalinated liquid produced in each cycle.
  • the central compartment may have a pressure from the start that is higher than the pressure on the other side of the membrane 21.
  • the central compartment 40 may be subdivided into three compartments separated by check valves wherein each compartment has the same or similar initial pressure.
  • the number of inlet ports, or first ends, could be more than one.
  • the water flow and the movements of the water changes all the time. These changes may affect the efficiency of the present invention and therefore it would be preferred to have more than one inlet port.
  • inlet ports could be pointing in different directions to overcome the changes in flow and movement.
  • the check valves could be in the form of partially or fully rotating walls. These walls would not only function as a check valve making sure that the liquid only flows in one direction, but also more efficiently eliminate the difference in salt concentration in the central compartment by the mixing it would cause when rotating.
  • a membrane or a baffle 65 could be provided so as to separate the piston and the central compartment. Additionally, if undertow is an unwanted effect when the pressure is released the membrane or baffle eliminates or reduces that risk. This membrane or baffle could be elastic in order to expand into the central
  • the pressure applying device could be driven by wave energy and thereby would the desalination device be dependent on no or only minimal additional power source.
  • the method of desalination according to the present invention involves a couple of steps. At first the brine 50 within the central compartment 40 has a salt concentration higher than the concentration of the liquid 51 to be desalinated. Due to the osmotic potential across the membrane 21 and / or due to diffusion across the membrane 21 at the first end 20 the liquid will flow through the membrane into the central compartment of the device in order to even out the salt concentration difference. This increase in liquid volume inside the central compartment will cause an increase in pressure in said compartment. The flow across the membrane may continue until equilibrium has been reached. At a given point in time or pressure or salt concentration or any other quantity or at a random point the pressure applying device 60 will apply a pressure on the liquid in the central compartment.
  • the minimal amount of applied pressure is the amount needed to overcome the pressure potential across the membrane 31 at the second end 30.
  • the liquid will then flow through the membrane 31 and be filtered resulting in desalinated liquid, for example potable water.
  • a check valve adjacent to the membrane at the first end will close in order to make sure the water flows towards the membrane at the second end.
  • the applied pressure is removed when a certain amount of water has exited or after a certain time or when a certain pressure has been reached or at a random point. When the applied pressure is removed, the closed valve will open.
  • check valve 22 If the check valve 22 is located in the central compartment between the membranes 21 and 31 and upstream from the pressure applying device 60, said check valve 22 will open when the applied pressure is removed allowing the salt concentration in the central compartment 40 to reach its initial value. This opening may be a result of the decrease in pressure or due to an external control mechanism.
  • the check valves in the central compartment and / or the check valves located upstream from the membrane 21 should be opened after each cycle and thereby facilitating a flow between the different compartments.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Nanotechnology (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif de dessalement comprenant un logement constitué d'une première et d'une deuxième extrémité, d'un compartiment central, d'un clapet de non-retour et de membranes semi-perméables. Le dispositif selon l'invention est respectueux de l'environnement et présente une consommation minimale d'énergie. L'invention concerne également un procédé de dessalement.
PCT/SE2011/050484 2010-04-26 2011-04-20 Dispositif de dessalement WO2011136722A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE1050413 2010-04-26
SE1050413-2 2010-04-26

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011136722A2 true WO2011136722A2 (fr) 2011-11-03
WO2011136722A3 WO2011136722A3 (fr) 2011-12-15

Family

ID=44862099

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/SE2011/050484 WO2011136722A2 (fr) 2010-04-26 2011-04-20 Dispositif de dessalement

Country Status (1)

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WO (1) WO2011136722A2 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR1009109B (el) * 2016-08-10 2017-09-08 Θεοδωρος Γεωργιου Δεσσος Διαταξη ηλιακης αφαλατωσης με τη χρηση χαμηλου κοστους συλλεκτη
CN107892410A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-04-10 李心菊 一种方便拆卸更换滤芯的小型净水器
CN108083471A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-05-29 李心菊 一种具有自动供水功能的家用净水装置

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423310A (en) * 1967-03-06 1969-01-21 Us Agriculture Osmotic processes and apparatus
US3617547A (en) * 1968-03-19 1971-11-02 Albert H Halff Process for osmotically decreasing the concentration of a solute
US5098575A (en) * 1990-07-13 1992-03-24 Joseph Yaeli Method and apparatus for processing liquid solutions of suspensions particularly useful in the desalination of saline water
WO1997018166A2 (fr) * 1995-11-14 1997-05-22 Osmotek, Inc. Traitement d'eaux contaminees par concentration osmotique directe
US6849184B1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2005-02-01 Hydration Technologies Inc. Forward osmosis pressurized device and process for generating potable water
US20060011544A1 (en) * 2004-03-16 2006-01-19 Sunity Sharma Membrane purification system
EP1894612A1 (fr) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-05 Vitens Friesland Procédé et dispositif de purification d'eau au moyen d'une unité de filtration de membrane

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3423310A (en) * 1967-03-06 1969-01-21 Us Agriculture Osmotic processes and apparatus
US3617547A (en) * 1968-03-19 1971-11-02 Albert H Halff Process for osmotically decreasing the concentration of a solute
US5098575A (en) * 1990-07-13 1992-03-24 Joseph Yaeli Method and apparatus for processing liquid solutions of suspensions particularly useful in the desalination of saline water
WO1997018166A2 (fr) * 1995-11-14 1997-05-22 Osmotek, Inc. Traitement d'eaux contaminees par concentration osmotique directe
US6849184B1 (en) * 2001-12-12 2005-02-01 Hydration Technologies Inc. Forward osmosis pressurized device and process for generating potable water
US20060011544A1 (en) * 2004-03-16 2006-01-19 Sunity Sharma Membrane purification system
EP1894612A1 (fr) * 2006-09-01 2008-03-05 Vitens Friesland Procédé et dispositif de purification d'eau au moyen d'une unité de filtration de membrane

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GR1009109B (el) * 2016-08-10 2017-09-08 Θεοδωρος Γεωργιου Δεσσος Διαταξη ηλιακης αφαλατωσης με τη χρηση χαμηλου κοστους συλλεκτη
CN107892410A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-04-10 李心菊 一种方便拆卸更换滤芯的小型净水器
CN108083471A (zh) * 2017-12-18 2018-05-29 李心菊 一种具有自动供水功能的家用净水装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2011136722A3 (fr) 2011-12-15

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