WO2011135145A1 - Hydropneumatic system for transforming discontinuous wave energy into continuous energy - Google Patents

Hydropneumatic system for transforming discontinuous wave energy into continuous energy Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011135145A1
WO2011135145A1 PCT/ES2011/070300 ES2011070300W WO2011135145A1 WO 2011135145 A1 WO2011135145 A1 WO 2011135145A1 ES 2011070300 W ES2011070300 W ES 2011070300W WO 2011135145 A1 WO2011135145 A1 WO 2011135145A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
hydropneumatic
energy
tank
waves
water
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PCT/ES2011/070300
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Spanish (es)
French (fr)
Inventor
Diego Martinez Boudes
Original Assignee
Diseña, S.L.
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Publication date
Application filed by Diseña, S.L. filed Critical Diseña, S.L.
Publication of WO2011135145A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011135145A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F03B13/144—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which lifts water above sea level
    • F03B13/145—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which lifts water above sea level for immediate use in an energy converter
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B9/00—Water-power plants; Layout, construction or equipment, methods of, or apparatus for, making same
    • E02B9/08—Tide or wave power plants
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F03B13/142—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which creates an oscillating water column
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/141—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector
    • F03B13/144—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy with a static energy collector which lifts water above sea level
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention falls within the field of the use of discontinuous wave energy, in a coastal area or in front of a factory dike, for its transformation into continuous and manageable energy, whose main uses are the use of that energy in a coastal zone or the reduction of efforts on the levees.
  • the ES339502 background discloses a system that is fundamentally based on the creation of an air current, which even with waves of small magnitude, reach extremely high velocity values and therefore suitable for the operation of a turbine that by means of timely transmission mechanical, transmits a power provided to the system application installation.
  • This invention uses air as a fluid that drives a propeller and not water by driving a turbine like the present invention.
  • the background JP6101 ⁇ 468 discloses a power generation system from waves on the coast and ports that generates electricity through a plant which allows a wave near the shore to enter narrow ports arranged between the slope of a concrete floor and the concrete walls of the device, with rotating thrusters within said ports.
  • the performance is low and the energy difficult to harness.
  • EP0892889 refers to a submerged hydropneumatic wave energy converter that takes advantage of the difference in hydrostatic pressure of the crests and valleys of the waves by means of fixed units on the seabed comprising a piston coupled to a second piston with a smaller diameter movable in a hydraulic cylinder. The maintenance of the complex system is of great difficulty.
  • the invention comprises a hydropneumatic device that laminates the tips of incident energy (by reflection or breakage) and which allows the temporary tips to be absorbed in a pressurized air reservoir connected to the hydraulic circuit.
  • the pressurized air tank returns continuously, although variable in its intensity with the height and frequency of the absorbed wave energy tips, the average energy captured in these waves, when transmitting its pressure to the water contained in the hydropneumatic circuit .
  • This laminated energy can be used to generate electricity by means of a turbine and a turbined water delivery device at a depth level not affected by the movement of surface waves (in case of energy use), or returned to the sea at sufficient depth so as not to create navigation problems, (case of docks).
  • the invention allows:
  • the mass of water collected is channeled from the mouth through a collection and orientation duct of the decreasing section flow, with sectional variations along its path that guarantee low load losses in the duct.
  • each collection conduit the section of said conduit allows the installation of a unidirectional opening valve or clapper, preceded by a deaeration valve.
  • the seafront of the dike has a set of openings that constitute mouths of cells of decreasing section, thus forming a set of Capture elements and flow orientation.
  • the sectional variations along the cell path are designed to guarantee low losses of load in the duct, which translates into a high energy efficiency for the use of energy, and a low effort on the structure in the use of the invention 'for dissipating dikes.
  • each collection duct its section is suitable for the installation of a unidirectional valve or clapper, which prevents the return to the sea side of the water received by the cell: the kinetic energy of the water body opens the valve against the pressure energy of the water contained in the hydropneumatic cargo tank into which it flows. Once the kinetic energy of the incoming wave is consumed, the valve is closed against the internal hydropneumatic pressure energy, whereby much of the energy of the captured wave is incorporated into the hydropneumatic circuit.
  • the discontinuous energy transforming hydropneumatic system of waves in continuous energy comprises:
  • the openings can have various geometric shapes and variable dimensions, conditioned downstream of the hydraulic circuit by the dimensions of the flow control elements (valves, pipes and gates) and the permissible speed in them.
  • the total surface of the set of openings covers the total of the expected wave attack front.
  • the partitions that limit the openings chosen have in the attack front of the wave the structurally necessary width to resist the efforts that the maximum expected wave generates.
  • the dimensions of the mouth of the cells may not be uniform if the specific conditions of the project advise it, depending on the tidal race and the expected energy density linked to the height of the wave at different levels of the. catchment front.
  • An adjustable deaeration valve connected to the end of each convergent duct followed by a unidirectional opening valve. Due to maintenance needs or eventual replacement, the valves or clappers must be protected by upstream and downstream gates, and conservation access such as a galena must be provided.
  • the deaeration valve is both sensitive and quick to open or close depending on the magnitude of the forces that both sides request it alternately, and resistant and durable against repeated long-term efforts with the period of the train of waves they capture, and the opening of the unidirectional valve is conditioned by the maintenance of the desired pressure in the hydropneumatic circuit.
  • a pressure integrating balance tank composed of a closed hydropneumatic system, or alternatively an equilibrium chimney, which receives water from the collector or collectors.
  • the hydropneumatic system can be constituted by a large diameter load pipe that runs along the dike to its extremity in the sea, to a suitable depth so as not to disturb the navigation (case of the port dike), or so that at the elevation
  • variations in hydrostatic pressure may be considered void, linked to a pressurized air reservoir disposed on it, or split the large diameter pipe section between water and air, both under pressure.
  • the cargo pipe is wrapped in structural concrete and its axis is arranged at a lower level than the minimum expected tide level.
  • the air fraction of the hydropneumatic reservoir can be arranged in a variable way, depending on the conditions of the location of the specific use. Depending on the case, it may consist of the upper part of the horizontal pipe, another upper horizontal pipe linked to it, or a vertical tank that starts from the first.
  • a Francis or Bulb turbine located at the end of the load pipe is added to the system.
  • the turbine zone is equipped with guard gates, access well, and other devices necessary for maintenance.
  • the front of reception (facing the sea) of the system is prolonged depending on the physical conditions of the stretch of coast in which it is implanted and the expected wave energy until the desired final power in turbine is achieved.
  • the plant of the front of reception can be straight or gently curved to adjust to the coast: so much by the capture by openings as by the circuits of load of the cells, there is margin for curves of wide radius.
  • the operation of the system is as follows:
  • the water from the breaking wave which is mixed with air, penetrates through the mouth.
  • the incoming wave compresses that air that can be derived, through a deaeration valve, into the atmosphere.
  • the deaeration circuit is blocked if the hydropneumatic tank requires additional air (for example by dilution in the water of the air it contains).
  • the collection line empties the water that has not passed the intake valve into the sea.
  • the kinetic energy of the water body opens the unidirectional opening valve against the water pressure energy contained in the link pipe with the collector of the hydropneumatic circuit.
  • the hydropneumatic charging system collects the kinetic energy of all wave capture mouths as pressure energy. Once the kinetic energy of the incoming wave is captured, the unidirectional opening valve is closed. In this way, kinetic energy is transformed into pressure energy in the hydropneumatic reservoir.
  • Each mouthpiece can provide energy at different times and in different amounts to the tank: the hydropneumatic configuration of the tank allows the integration of partial energies to be integrated, and at the same time standardizes the total water pressure thanks to the air reservoir.
  • the water pressure energy can be transformed into mechanical energy in the turbine chamber, height variable load, which is located at one end of the cargo line of the hydropneumatic tank that runs parallel to the coast.
  • the turbine drains into the sea through a drain pipe whose outlet is deep enough to be able to consider that the hydrostatic load at the exit corresponds to the average sea level at all times.
  • this mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy in the associated alternator.
  • the horizontal stresses generated by the waves on the dike perpendicularly to its waterfront have mostly been transformed into internal pressures in the hydropneumatic reservoir, and the incident energy, originally discontinuous, of the waves, in energy delivered substantially uniformly at the downstream end of the device.
  • the proposed device in accordance with the above considerations, has been designed using solid, simple and known elements of its composition in other types of energy uses, to reduce its construction and maintenance cost.
  • control manometers and adjustable valves at different points of the circuit.
  • Adjustable electromechanical valves or clappers that allow the amount of energy captured to be optimized according to the energy of the wave.
  • Figure 1 shows an elevation view of the system of the invention
  • Figure 2 shows a section through ll-ll system of Figure 1
  • Figure 3 shows an ill-lll section of the system of figure 1
  • Figure 4 shows a detail of one of the galleries of Figure 3
  • FIGS 1-4 depict a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the continuous discontinuous energy transforming hydropneumatic system can be seen as an energy generator comprising:
  • a deaeration valve (4) connected to the end of the convergent duct (3) followed by a unidirectional opening valve (5),
  • an equilibrium reservoir that is a hydropneumatic reservoir (7) consisting of a large diameter load pipe (8) that runs along the dike to its end in the sea hydraulically connected through the collectors to a reservoir (11 ), which acts as an air / water zone of the hydropneumatic tank, arranged about her.
  • a bulb turbine (9) located in the lower area of the hydro-pneumatic tank (7).
  • the turbine zone is equipped with guard gates, access well (10), and other devices necessary for its maintenance.

Abstract

Hydropneumatic system for transforming discontinuous wave energy into continuous energy, comprising: a front with a plurality of openings (1) for collecting water from breaking waves, a plurality of converging water-collection conduits (3) related to the inlets (1), an adjustable vent valve (4) attached to the end of each converging conduit (3), followed by a one-way valve (5), both being protected by compartments upstream and downstream for maintenance thereof, at least one collector (6) that collects the fluid from each one-way valve (5), a pressure-integrating balance tank that receives the water from the collector (6), such that the horizontal forces generated by the waves are transformed into internal pressure in the hydropneumatic tank (7), and the incident discontinuous energy of the waves is transformed into uniform continuous energy.

Description

SISTEMA HIDRONEUMATICO TRANSFORMADOR DE LA ENERGÍA DISCONTINUA DISCONTINUOUS ENERGY TRANSFORMING HYDRONEUMATIC SYSTEM
DE LAS OLAS EN ENERGÍA CONTINUA OF THE WAVES IN CONTINUOUS ENERGY
Campo de la invención Field of the Invention
La presente invención se engloba dentro del campo del aprovechamiento de la energía discontinua de las olas, en zona costera o frente a un dique de fábrica, para su transformación en energía continua y manejable, cuyas utilizaciones principales son el aprovechamiento de esa energía en zona costera o la reducción de esfuerzos sobre los diques.  The present invention falls within the field of the use of discontinuous wave energy, in a coastal area or in front of a factory dike, for its transformation into continuous and manageable energy, whose main uses are the use of that energy in a coastal zone or the reduction of efforts on the levees.
Antecedentes de la invención Background of the invention
Los sistemas de aprovechamiento de l energía de las olas en la misma costa conocidos hasta la fecha son pocos, y, los que hay, suelen aprovechar la energía a través de la generación de aire comprimido por el movimiento de las olas.  The systems for harnessing the energy of the waves on the same coast known to date are few, and, those that exist, tend to take advantage of the energy through the generation of compressed air by the movement of the waves.
En lo que se refiere a. la utilización de la invención para disipar la energía sobre diques portuarios de fábrica, los modelos existentes confían la disipación al movimiento desordenado del flujo de agua incidente en eí propio dique, sin devolución ordenada de esa energía incidente al mar en una zona donde no pueda dañar ni al dique ni a la navegación próxima a él, como hace la invención que se presenta.  What concerns to. the use of the invention to dissipate energy on factory docks, existing models entrust dissipation to the disorderly movement of the incident water flow in the dike itself, without orderly return of that incident energy to the sea in an area where it cannot damage neither to the dike nor to the navigation next to it, as does the invention presented.
El antecedente ES339502 divulga un sistema que se basa fundamentalmente en la creación de una corriente de aire, que incluso con oleajes de pequeña magnitud, alcanzan valores, de velocidad sumamente elevados y por lo tanto adecuados para el accionamiento de una turbina que mediante la oportuna transmisión mecánica, transmite una potencia proporcionada a la instalación de aplicación del sistema. Esta invención utiliza el aire como fluido que acciona una hélice y no el agua accionando una turbina como la presente invención.  The ES339502 background discloses a system that is fundamentally based on the creation of an air current, which even with waves of small magnitude, reach extremely high velocity values and therefore suitable for the operation of a turbine that by means of timely transmission mechanical, transmits a power provided to the system application installation. This invention uses air as a fluid that drives a propeller and not water by driving a turbine like the present invention.
Por otro iado el antecedente JP6101 Í468 divulga un sistema de generación de energía a partir de las olas en la costa y puertos que genera electricidad por medio de una planta qué permite que una ola cerca de la orilla entre en puertos estrechos dispuestos entre la pendiente de un suelo de hormigón y las paredes de hormigón del dispositivo, con propulsores giratorios dentro de dichos puertos. El rendimiento es bajo y la energía difícil de aprovechar.  On the other hand, the background JP6101 Í468 discloses a power generation system from waves on the coast and ports that generates electricity through a plant which allows a wave near the shore to enter narrow ports arranged between the slope of a concrete floor and the concrete walls of the device, with rotating thrusters within said ports. The performance is low and the energy difficult to harness.
El documento EP0892889 se refiere a un convertidor de energía de las olas hidroneumático sumergido que aprovecha la diferencia de presión hidrostática de las crestas y valles de las olas mediante unidades fijas en el fondo marino que comprenden un pistón acoplado a un segundo pistón con un diámetro menor movible en un cilindro hidráulico. El mantenimiento del complejo sistema es de gran dificultad.EP0892889 refers to a submerged hydropneumatic wave energy converter that takes advantage of the difference in hydrostatic pressure of the crests and valleys of the waves by means of fixed units on the seabed comprising a piston coupled to a second piston with a smaller diameter movable in a hydraulic cylinder. The maintenance of the complex system is of great difficulty.
Ninguno de los antecedentes citados es capaz de derivar directamente la energía discontinua de las olas y al mismo tiempo aprovechar esa energía, y ninguno de ellos utiliza, o deriva, la energía del agua en rotura de ola o próxima a la rotura. Descripción de la invención None of the aforementioned antecedents is able to directly derive the discontinuous energy of the waves and at the same time take advantage of that energy, and none of them uses, or drifts, the energy of the water at wave break or near breakage. Description of the invention
La invención comprende un dispositivo hidroneumático que lamina las puntas de energía incidente (por reflexión o en rotura) y que permite absorber las puntas temporales en un depósito dé aire a presión conectado con el circuito hidráulico. El depósito de aire a presión devuelve de modo continuo, aunque variable en su intensidad con la altura y la frecuencia de las puntas de energía de ola absorbidas, la energía media captada en esas olas, al transmitir su presión al agua contenida en el circuito hidroneumático.  The invention comprises a hydropneumatic device that laminates the tips of incident energy (by reflection or breakage) and which allows the temporary tips to be absorbed in a pressurized air reservoir connected to the hydraulic circuit. The pressurized air tank returns continuously, although variable in its intensity with the height and frequency of the absorbed wave energy tips, the average energy captured in these waves, when transmitting its pressure to the water contained in the hydropneumatic circuit .
Esta energía laminada puede ser utilizada para generar energía eléctrica mediante una turbina y un dispositivo de entrega del agua turbinada a un nivel de profundidad no afectado por el movimiento de las olas en superficie (caso del aprovechamiento energético), o devolverse al mar a profundidad suficiente para no crear problemas de navegación, (caso de diques portuarios).  This laminated energy can be used to generate electricity by means of a turbine and a turbined water delivery device at a depth level not affected by the movement of surface waves (in case of energy use), or returned to the sea at sufficient depth so as not to create navigation problems, (case of docks).
La invención permite:  The invention allows:
El aprovechamiento maremotriz costero y  The coastal tidal exploitation and
- La construcción de diques verticales que deriven la energía de las olas incidentes evitando daños en la estructura resistente aligerada.  - The construction of vertical dikes that derive the energy of the incident waves avoiding damage to the lightened resistant structure.
En la zona costera- con rotura de ola, buena parte de la energía se manifiesta en forma de energía cinética, sensiblemente horizontal, de la masa de agua de la ola. En costas donde la disposición de fondos no da lugar a rotura de ola en la zona próxima a la estructura de recepción, puede corregirse la altura e inclinación del fondo mediante escollera, o dispositivos móviles, sólidos o líquidos, en el caso del uso del sistema para el aprovechamiento de la energía.  In the coastal zone - with wave breakage, a good part of the energy manifests itself in the form of kinetic energy, substantially horizontal, of the water mass of the wave. On coasts where the provision of funds does not give rise to wave breakage in the area near the reception structure, the height and inclination of the bottom can be corrected by means of a breakwater, or mobile devices, solid or liquid, in the case of using the system for the use of energy.
La masa de agua captada se canaliza desde la embocadura por un conducto de captación y orientación del flujo de sección decreciente, con variaciones de sección a lo largo de su recorrido que garantizan escasas pérdidas de carga en el conducto.  The mass of water collected is channeled from the mouth through a collection and orientation duct of the decreasing section flow, with sectional variations along its path that guarantee low load losses in the duct.
En el final de cada conducto de captación, la sección de dicho conducto permite la instalación de una válvula o clapeta de apertura unidireccional, precedida por una válvula de desaireación.  At the end of each collection conduit, the section of said conduit allows the installation of a unidirectional opening valve or clapper, preceded by a deaeration valve.
El frente al mar del dique dispone de un conjunto de aberturas que constituyen embocaduras de células de sección decreciente, formando así un conjunto de elementos de captación y orientación del flujo. Las variaciones de sección a lo largo del recorrido de la célula están concebidas para garantizar escasas pérdidas dé carga en el conducto, lo que se traduce en un alto rendimiento energético para el aprovechamiento de la energía, y en un bajo esfuerzo sobre la estructura en la utilización de la invención' para diques disipadores. The seafront of the dike has a set of openings that constitute mouths of cells of decreasing section, thus forming a set of Capture elements and flow orientation. The sectional variations along the cell path are designed to guarantee low losses of load in the duct, which translates into a high energy efficiency for the use of energy, and a low effort on the structure in the use of the invention 'for dissipating dikes.
En el final de cada conducto de captación, su sección es la adecuada para la instalación de una válvula o clapeta de apertura unidireccional, que evite el retorno hacia el lado mar del agua recibida por la célula: la energía cinética de la masa de agua abre la válvula contra la energía de presión del agua contenida en el depósito hidroneumático de carga en el que desemboca. Consumida la energía cinética de la ola entrante se cierra la válvula contra la energía de presión hidroneumática interna, con lo que gran parte de la energía de la ola captada queda incorporada al circuito hidroneumático.  At the end of each collection duct, its section is suitable for the installation of a unidirectional valve or clapper, which prevents the return to the sea side of the water received by the cell: the kinetic energy of the water body opens the valve against the pressure energy of the water contained in the hydropneumatic cargo tank into which it flows. Once the kinetic energy of the incoming wave is consumed, the valve is closed against the internal hydropneumatic pressure energy, whereby much of the energy of the captured wave is incorporated into the hydropneumatic circuit.
El sistema hidroneumático transformador de energía discontinua de las olas en energía continua comprende:  The discontinuous energy transforming hydropneumatic system of waves in continuous energy comprises:
-Un frente con una pluralidad de embocaduras de captación de agua de la ola en rotura.  -A front with a plurality of mouths for collecting water from the breaking wave.
- Una pluralidad de conductos convergentes de 'captación asociados a las embocaduras. Las embocaduras pueden tener diversas formas geométricas y dimensiones variables, condicionadas aguas abajo del circuito hidráulico por las dimensiones de los elementos de control del flujo (válvulas, tuberías y compuertas) y la velocidad admisible en ellos. La superficie total del conjunto de embocaduras cubre el total del frente previsto de ataque de las olas. Los tabiques que limitan las embocaduras elegidas, tienen en el frente de ataque de la ola la anchura estructuralmente necesaria para resistir los esfuerzos que la ola máxima prevista genere. Las dimensiones de embocadura de las células pueden no ser uniformes si las condiciones específicas del proyecto lo aconsejaran, en función de la carrera de marea y de la densidad de energía esperada ligada a la altura de la ola en los distintos niveles del. frente de captación.  - A plurality of convergent 'uptake' ducts associated with the openings. The openings can have various geometric shapes and variable dimensions, conditioned downstream of the hydraulic circuit by the dimensions of the flow control elements (valves, pipes and gates) and the permissible speed in them. The total surface of the set of openings covers the total of the expected wave attack front. The partitions that limit the openings chosen, have in the attack front of the wave the structurally necessary width to resist the efforts that the maximum expected wave generates. The dimensions of the mouth of the cells may not be uniform if the specific conditions of the project advise it, depending on the tidal race and the expected energy density linked to the height of the wave at different levels of the. catchment front.
- Una válvula de desaireación graduable conectada al extremo de cada conducto convergente seguida de una válvula de apertura unidireccional. Por necesidades de mantenimiento o eventual substitución, las válvulas o clapetas deben estar protegidas por compuertas aguas arriba y aguas abajo, y hay que prever un acceso de conservación como una galena. La válvula de desaireación es a la vez sensible y rápida a la apertura o cierre en función de la magnitud de las fuerzas que a ambos lados la solicitan alternativamente, y resistente y duradera frente a esfuerzos por largo tiempo repetidos con el periodo del tren de olas que captan, y |a apertura de la válvula unidireccional está condicionada por el mantenimiento de la presión deseada en el circuito hidroneumático. - An adjustable deaeration valve connected to the end of each convergent duct followed by a unidirectional opening valve. Due to maintenance needs or eventual replacement, the valves or clappers must be protected by upstream and downstream gates, and conservation access such as a galena must be provided. The deaeration valve is both sensitive and quick to open or close depending on the magnitude of the forces that both sides request it alternately, and resistant and durable against repeated long-term efforts with the period of the train of waves they capture, and the opening of the unidirectional valve is conditioned by the maintenance of the desired pressure in the hydropneumatic circuit.
- Al menos un colector que recoge los flujos de provenientes de cada válvula de apertura unidireccional.  - At least one manifold that collects the flows from each unidirectional opening valve.
- Un depósito de equilibrio integrador de presiones compuesto por un sistema hidroneumático cerrado, o alternativamente por una chimenea de equilibrio, que recibe el agua del colector o colectores. El sistema hidroneumático puede estar constituido por una tubería de carga de gran diámetro que corra a lo largo del dique hasta su extremidad en el mar, hasta una profundidad adecuada para no perturbar la navegación (caso del dique portuario), o para que a la cota de entrega ai mar, las variaciones de presión hidrostática puedan considerarse nulas, enlazada con un depósito de aire a presión dispuesto sobre ella, o repartir la sección de la tubería de gran diámetro entre agua y aire, ambos a presión. La tubería de carga se envuelve en hormigón estructural y su eje se dispone en cota inferior al nivel de la marea mínima esperada. La fracción aire del depósito hidroneumático, puede estar dispuesta de modo variable, dependiendo de las condiciones del emplazamiento del aprovechamiento concreto. Según los casos puede estar constituida por la parte superior de la tubería horizontal, por otra tubería horizontal superior enlazada con ella, o por un depósito vertical que arranque de la primera.  - A pressure integrating balance tank composed of a closed hydropneumatic system, or alternatively an equilibrium chimney, which receives water from the collector or collectors. The hydropneumatic system can be constituted by a large diameter load pipe that runs along the dike to its extremity in the sea, to a suitable depth so as not to disturb the navigation (case of the port dike), or so that at the elevation When delivered to the sea, variations in hydrostatic pressure may be considered void, linked to a pressurized air reservoir disposed on it, or split the large diameter pipe section between water and air, both under pressure. The cargo pipe is wrapped in structural concrete and its axis is arranged at a lower level than the minimum expected tide level. The air fraction of the hydropneumatic reservoir can be arranged in a variable way, depending on the conditions of the location of the specific use. Depending on the case, it may consist of the upper part of the horizontal pipe, another upper horizontal pipe linked to it, or a vertical tank that starts from the first.
Configurado así e! sistema, los esfuerzos horizontales generados por las olas sobre la zona costera, se transforman en su mayor parte en presiones internas en el depósito hidroneumático, y la energía incidente de las olas, originalmente discontinua, se transforma en una energía uniforme.  Configured like this e! system, the horizontal stresses generated by the waves on the coastal zone, are mostly transformed into internal pressures in the hydropneumatic reservoir, and the incident energy of the waves, originally discontinuous, is transformed into a uniform energy.
Opcionalmente, para el uso del sistema para el aprovechamiento de la energía continua obtenida, se adiciona al sistema una turbina Francis o Bulbo situada en el extremo de la tubería de carga. La zona de turbina está equipada con compuertas de guarda, pozo de acceso, y demás dispositivos necesarios para su mantenimiento.  Optionally, for the use of the system for the use of the continuous energy obtained, a Francis or Bulb turbine located at the end of the load pipe is added to the system. The turbine zone is equipped with guard gates, access well, and other devices necessary for maintenance.
El frente de recepción (cara al mar) del sistema se prolonga dependiendo de las condiciones físicas del tramo de costa en que se implanta y de la energía del oleaje previsto hasta conseguir la potencia final deseada en turbina. La planta del frente de recepción puede ser recta o suavemente curvada para ajustarse a la costa: tanto por la captación por embocaduras como por los circuitos de carga de las células, hay margen para curvas de amplio radio. El funcionamiento del sistema es el siguiente: The front of reception (facing the sea) of the system is prolonged depending on the physical conditions of the stretch of coast in which it is implanted and the expected wave energy until the desired final power in turbine is achieved. The plant of the front of reception can be straight or gently curved to adjust to the coast: so much by the capture by openings as by the circuits of load of the cells, there is margin for curves of wide radius. The operation of the system is as follows:
En una primera etapa de admisión, el agua de !a ola en rotura, que está mezclada con aire, penetra por la embocadura. En esta fase de admisión, la ola entrante comprime ese aire que puede ser derivado, mediante una válvula de desaireación, a la atmósfera. El circuito de desaireación se bloquea si el depósito hidroneumático requiere aire adicional (por ejemplo por dilución en el agua del aire que contiene). En el intervalo entre olas, el conducto de captación vacía hacia el mar el agua que no ha traspasado la válvula de admisión.  In a first stage of admission, the water from the breaking wave, which is mixed with air, penetrates through the mouth. In this admission phase, the incoming wave compresses that air that can be derived, through a deaeration valve, into the atmosphere. The deaeration circuit is blocked if the hydropneumatic tank requires additional air (for example by dilution in the water of the air it contains). In the interval between waves, the collection line empties the water that has not passed the intake valve into the sea.
En una segunda etapa, la energía cinética de la masa de agua abre la válvula de apertura unidireccional contra ia energía de presión del agua contenida en la tubería de enlace con el colector del circuito hidroneumático.  In a second stage, the kinetic energy of the water body opens the unidirectional opening valve against the water pressure energy contained in the link pipe with the collector of the hydropneumatic circuit.
En una tercera etapa, el sistema de carga hidroneumático recoge como energía de presión la energía cinética de todas las embocaduras captadoras de olas. Captada la energía cinética de la ola entrante, se cierra la válvula de apertura unidireccional. De esta manera, la energía cinética se transforma en energía de presión en el depósito hidroneumático. Cada embocadura puede aportar energía en momentos distintos y en cuantías diversas al depósito: la configuración hidroneumática del depósito permite integrar la aportación de energías parciales, y a la vez uniformizar la presión total del agua gracias al depósito de aire.  In a third stage, the hydropneumatic charging system collects the kinetic energy of all wave capture mouths as pressure energy. Once the kinetic energy of the incoming wave is captured, the unidirectional opening valve is closed. In this way, kinetic energy is transformed into pressure energy in the hydropneumatic reservoir. Each mouthpiece can provide energy at different times and in different amounts to the tank: the hydropneumatic configuration of the tank allows the integration of partial energies to be integrated, and at the same time standardizes the total water pressure thanks to the air reservoir.
En una cuarta etapa adicional y opcional, en el caso del aprovechamiento de la energía continua obtenida para su transformación en energía mecánica y/o eléctrica, se puede transformar la energía de presión del agua en energía mecánica en la cámara de la turbina, de altura de carga variable, que se encuentra localizada en uno de los extremos de la tubería de carga del depósito hidroneumático que corre en paralelo a la costa. La turbina desagua en el mar mediante una tubería de desagüe cuya boca de salida está a profundidad suficiente para poder considerar que la carga hidrostática a la salida corresponde al nivel medio del mar en cada momento.  In an additional and optional fourth stage, in the case of the use of the continuous energy obtained for its transformation into mechanical and / or electrical energy, the water pressure energy can be transformed into mechanical energy in the turbine chamber, height variable load, which is located at one end of the cargo line of the hydropneumatic tank that runs parallel to the coast. The turbine drains into the sea through a drain pipe whose outlet is deep enough to be able to consider that the hydrostatic load at the exit corresponds to the average sea level at all times.
En una quinta etapa, esta energía mecánica se transforma en energía eléctrica en el alternador asociado.  In a fifth stage, this mechanical energy is transformed into electrical energy in the associated alternator.
De esta manera, los esfuerzos horizontales generados por las olas sobre el dique perpendicularmente a su frente al mar, se han transformado en su mayor parte en presiones internas en el depósito hidroneumático, y la energía incidente, originalmente discontinua, , de las olas, en una energía entregada de modo- sensiblemente uniforme en el extremo aguas abajo del dispositivo. El dispositivo que se propone, de acuerdo con las consideraciones anteriormente expuestas, se ha concebido utilizando elementos de su composición sólidos, sencillos y conocidos en otro tipo de aprovechamientos energéticos, para abaratar su coste de construcción y mantenimiento. In this way, the horizontal stresses generated by the waves on the dike perpendicularly to its waterfront have mostly been transformed into internal pressures in the hydropneumatic reservoir, and the incident energy, originally discontinuous, of the waves, in energy delivered substantially uniformly at the downstream end of the device. The proposed device, in accordance with the above considerations, has been designed using solid, simple and known elements of its composition in other types of energy uses, to reduce its construction and maintenance cost.
Cabe incrementar el rendimiento energético o la protección de funcionamiento ' de la invención con elementos o sistemas adicionales, alguno de los cuales se mencionan a continuación: It should increase energy efficiency or protection operation 'of the invention with additional elements or systems, some of which are mentioned below:
Como elemento de protección de embocaduras y circuito hidráulico: reja, rejilla o red de protección contra cuerpos flotantes, a distancia aguas arriba suficiente para permitir la inspección de embocaduras y células.  As a protection element for openings and hydraulic circuit: grid, grid or net for protection against floating bodies, upstream enough to allow inspection of openings and cells.
Como elemento de protección de turbinas: tubería de purga de arenas en la tubería de carga antes de entrada en turbina.  As a turbine protection element: sand purge pipe in the load pipe before turbine entry.
Como elementos de control y eventual limitación de presiones: manómetros de control y válvulas graduables en distintos puntos del circuito.  As control elements and eventual pressure limitation: control manometers and adjustable valves at different points of the circuit.
Para la mejora de rendimientos energéticos se incluyen al sistema:  For the improvement of energy yields the system is included:
- Medios de control de altura de ola aguas arriba del frente receptor del dispositivo, asociado a las medidas siguientes:  - Wave height control means upstream of the receiving front of the device, associated with the following measures:
- Medios de control y mantenimiento de la cámara de aire y su presión. - Control and maintenance means of the air chamber and its pressure.
- Válvulas o clapetas electromecánicas regulables que permitan optimizar en función de la energía de la ola, la cantidad de energía captada. - Adjustable electromechanical valves or clappers that allow the amount of energy captured to be optimized according to the energy of the wave.
- Medios de graduación, automática o controlable externamente, del sistema de desaireación en función de la cantidad deseada de aire en el depósito hidroneumático.  - Graduation means, automatically or externally controllable, of the deaeration system depending on the desired amount of air in the hydropneumatic tank.
La conveniencia de utilización de ios anteriores complementos al dispositivo dependerá de la situación específica de cada instalación según se utilice e! dispositivo como disipador de energía o generador de energía y de las condiciones de la fuente primaria de energía (características del oleaje) en el emplazamiento.  The convenience of using the previous add-ons to the device will depend on the specific situation of each installation as e! device as a power sink or power generator and the conditions of the primary source of energy (wave characteristics) at the site.
Breve descripción de los dibujos Brief description of the drawings
A continuación se pasa a describir de manera muy breve una serie de dibujos que ayudan a comprender mejor la invención y que se relacionan expresamente con una realización de dicha invención que se presenta como un ejemplo no limitativo de ésta.  A series of drawings that help to better understand the invention and that expressly relate to an embodiment of said invention which is presented as a non-limiting example thereof is described very briefly below.
La Figura 1 muestra una vista en alzado del sistema de la invención  Figure 1 shows an elevation view of the system of the invention
,La Figura 2 muestra una sección por ll-ll sistema de la figura 1 La Figura 3 muestra una sección por ill-lll del sistema de la figura 1 , Figure 2 shows a section through ll-ll system of Figure 1 Figure 3 shows an ill-lll section of the system of figure 1
La figura 4 muestra un detalle de una de las galerías de la-figura 3  Figure 4 shows a detail of one of the galleries of Figure 3
En las figuras anteriormente citadas se identifican una serie de referencias que corresponden a los elementos indicados a continuación,' sin que ello suponga carácter limitativo alguno: In the aforementioned figures, a series of references are identified that correspond to the elements indicated below, ' without implying any limiting character:
I . -Embocadura  I. -Mouthpiece
, 2 - Galería de válvula , 2 - Valve Gallery
3. - Conducto convergente  3. - Converging duct
4. - Válvula de desaireación  4. - Deaeration valve
5. - Válvula de apertura unidireccional  5. - Unidirectional opening valve
6. - Colector  6. - Collector
7. - Depósito hidroneumático  7. - Hydropneumatic tank
8. - Tubería de carga  8. - Load pipe
9. - Turbina  9. - Turbine
10. - Pozo de acceso  10. - Access well
I I . - Depósito de aire/agua  I I. - Air / water tank
12.- Salida de desaireación  12.- Deaeration output
Descripción detallada de un modo de realización  Detailed description of one embodiment
Las figuras 1-4 representan una realización preferida de la invención, en las que se puede ver el sistema hidroneumático transformador de energía discontinua en continua como generador de energía que comprende:  Figures 1-4 depict a preferred embodiment of the invention, in which the continuous discontinuous energy transforming hydropneumatic system can be seen as an energy generator comprising:
- un frente con una pluralidad de embocaduras (1 ) de captación de agua de la ola en rotura.  - a front with a plurality of openings (1) for collecting water from the breaking wave.
- un conducto convergente (3) de captación de agua asociado a cada embocadura (1)  - a convergent conduit (3) for collecting water associated with each mouth (1)
- una válvula de desaireación (4) conectada al extremo dei conducto convergente (3) seguida de una válvula de apertura unidireccional (5),  - a deaeration valve (4) connected to the end of the convergent duct (3) followed by a unidirectional opening valve (5),
- una galería (2) de acceso a la válvula de desaireación (4), con una salida de desaireación (12) y la válvula unidireccional (5) para su mantenimiento.  - a gallery (2) for access to the deaeration valve (4), with a deaeration outlet (12) and the unidirectional valve (5) for maintenance.
- un colector (6), al que se conectan una pluralidad de colectores que recogen los flujos de agua a la salida de la válvula de apertura unidireccional (5),  - a manifold (6), to which a plurality of manifolds that collect water flows are connected to the outlet of the unidirectional opening valve (5),
- un depósito de equilibrio que es un depósito hidroneumático (7) constituido por una tubería de carga (8) de gran diámetro que corre a lo largo del dique hasta su extremidad en el mar conectada hidráulicamente a través de los colectores a un depósito (11 ), que actúa como zona aire/agua del depósito hidroneumático, dispuesto sobre ella. - an equilibrium reservoir that is a hydropneumatic reservoir (7) consisting of a large diameter load pipe (8) that runs along the dike to its end in the sea hydraulically connected through the collectors to a reservoir (11 ), which acts as an air / water zone of the hydropneumatic tank, arranged about her.
- Una turbina bulbo (9) situada en la zona baja del depósito hidróneumático (7). La zona de turbina está equipada con compuertas de guarda, pozo de acceso (10), y demás dispositivos necesarios para su mantenimiento.  - A bulb turbine (9) located in the lower area of the hydro-pneumatic tank (7). The turbine zone is equipped with guard gates, access well (10), and other devices necessary for its maintenance.

Claims

REIVINDICACIONES
1- Sistema hidroneumático transformador de la energía discontinua de las olas en energía continua caracterizado por comprender:  1- Hydropneumatic system transforming the discontinuous energy of the waves into continuous energy characterized by comprising:
- un frente con una pluralidad de embocaduras (1.) d captación de agua de la ola en rotura,  - a front with a plurality of openings (1.) d water withdrawal from the breaking wave,
■ - una pluralidad de conductos convergentes (3) de captación de agua asociados a las embocaduras (1),  ■ - a plurality of convergent water collection conduits (3) associated with the openings (1),
- una válvula de desaireación (4) graduable conectada al extremo de cada conducto convergente (3), seguida de una válvula de apertura unidireccional (5), ambas protegidas por compuertas aguas arriba y abajo para su mantenimiento,  - an adjustable deaeration valve (4) connected to the end of each convergent duct (3), followed by a unidirectional opening valve (5), both protected by upstream and downstream gates for maintenance,
- al menos un colector (6) que recoge el flujo proveniente de cada válvula de apertura unidireccional (5),  - at least one manifold (6) that collects the flow from each unidirectional opening valve (5),
- un depósito de equilibrio integrador de presiones .que recibe el agua del colector (6),  - a pressure integrating balance tank that receives water from the manifold (6),
de tal manera que los esfuerzos horizontales generados por las olas, se transforman en su mayor parte en presiones internas en el depósito hidroneumático (7), y la energía incidente de las olas, originalmente discontinua, se transforma en una energía continua uniforme. in such a way that the horizontal stresses generated by the waves are mostly transformed into internal pressures in the hydropneumatic reservoir (7), and the incident energy of the waves, originally discontinuous, is transformed into a uniform continuous energy.
2.- Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicación 1 caracterizado porque comprende una galería {2) de acceso a la válvula de desaireación (4) y a la válvula unidireccional para su mantenimiento. 2. Hydropneumatic system according to claim 1 characterized in that it comprises a gallery {2) for access to the deaeration valve (4) and the unidirectional valve for maintenance.
3. - Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicaciones 1 y 2 caracterizado porque el depósito de equilibrio es un depósito hidroneumático (7) que comprende un depósito (11 ) aire/agua dispuesto sobre una tubería de carga (8) conectados hidráulicamente. 3. - Hydropneumatic system according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the balance tank is a hydropneumatic tank (7) comprising an air / water tank (11) arranged on a hydraulically connected load pipe (8).
4. - Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicaciones 1 y 2 caracterizado porque el depósito de equilibrio es una chimenea de equilibrio. 4. - Hydropneumatic system according to claims 1 and 2 characterized in that the balance tank is an equilibrium chimney.
5- Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende una turbina (9) situada en la zona baja del depósito hidroneumático (7).  5- Hydropneumatic system according to previous claims characterized in that it comprises a turbine (9) located in the lower area of the hydropneumatic tank (7).
6.- Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende en cada embocadura (1) medios de protección contra cuerpos flotantes seleccionados entre reja, rejilla o red. 6. Hydropneumatic system according to previous claims characterized in that it comprises in each mouth (1) means of protection against floating bodies selected between grid, grid or net.
7.- Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende una tubería de purga de arenas en la tubería de carga antes de entrada en turbina. 7. Hydropneumatic system according to previous claims characterized in that it comprises a sand purge pipe in the load pipe before entering the turbine.
8. - .Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende medios de control y eventual limitación de presiones. 8. - Hydropneumatic system according to previous claims characterized in that it comprises control means and eventual pressure limitation.
9. - Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende medios de control de altura de ola aguas arriba del frente receptor del dispositivo, asociado a las medidas de control y mantenimiento de la cámara de aire del depósito hidroneumático y su presión y a las válvulas o clapetas electromecánicas regulables  9. - Hydropneumatic system according to previous claims characterized in that it comprises wave height control means upstream of the receiving front of the device, associated with the control and maintenance measures of the air chamber of the hydropneumatic tank and its pressure and valves or clappers adjustable electromechanics
10. - Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicaciones anteriores caracterizado porque comprende medios de graduación del sistema de desaireación en función de la cantidad deseada de aire en el depósito hidroneumático  10. - Hydropneumatic system according to previous claims characterized in that it comprises means of graduation of the deaeration system according to the desired amount of air in the hydropneumatic tank
1 1. - Sistema hidroneumático según reivindicación 10 caracterizado porque los medios de graduación son automáticos o controlables externamente.  1 1. - Hydropneumatic system according to claim 10 characterized in that the graduation means are automatic or externally controllable.
PCT/ES2011/070300 2010-04-28 2011-04-27 Hydropneumatic system for transforming discontinuous wave energy into continuous energy WO2011135145A1 (en)

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