WO2011130908A1 - Pyrimidines substituées - Google Patents

Pyrimidines substituées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011130908A1
WO2011130908A1 PCT/CN2010/071974 CN2010071974W WO2011130908A1 WO 2011130908 A1 WO2011130908 A1 WO 2011130908A1 CN 2010071974 W CN2010071974 W CN 2010071974W WO 2011130908 A1 WO2011130908 A1 WO 2011130908A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
pyrazol
hydroxy
pyrimidin
alkyl
acetamide
Prior art date
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PCT/CN2010/071974
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English (en)
Inventor
Changyou Zhou
Wuxin Zou
Yuxia Hua
Qun Dang
Original Assignee
Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
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Publication date
Application filed by Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. filed Critical Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp.
Priority to PCT/CN2010/071974 priority Critical patent/WO2011130908A1/fr
Priority to PCT/US2011/032829 priority patent/WO2011133444A1/fr
Priority to EP11772489.8A priority patent/EP2560655B1/fr
Priority to US13/635,275 priority patent/US9006433B2/en
Publication of WO2011130908A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011130908A1/fr

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings
    • C07D403/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing two hetero rings directly linked by a ring-member-to-ring-member bond
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/435—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having six-membered rings with one nitrogen as the only ring hetero atom
    • A61K31/44—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof
    • A61K31/4427—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems
    • A61K31/4439—Non condensed pyridines; Hydrogenated derivatives thereof containing further heterocyclic ring systems containing a five-membered ring with nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. omeprazole
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P21/00—Drugs for disorders of the muscular or neuromuscular system
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61P—SPECIFIC THERAPEUTIC ACTIVITY OF CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS OR MEDICINAL PREPARATIONS
    • A61P7/00—Drugs for disorders of the blood or the extracellular fluid
    • A61P7/06—Antianaemics
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D401/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom
    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07D—HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07D403/00—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00
    • C07D403/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, not provided for by group C07D401/00 containing three or more hetero rings

Definitions

  • anemia which is defined as a deficiency in the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity, and ischemia, in which restrictions in blood supply are caused by a constriction or blockage of blood vessels.
  • Anemia can be caused by the loss of red blood cells (hemorrhage), excessive red blood cell destruction (hemolysis) or deficiencies in erythropoiesis (production of red blood cells from precursors found in the bone marrow).
  • the symptoms of anemia can include weakness, dizziness, fatigue, pallor, impairment of cognitive function and a general reduction in quality of life. Chronic and/or severe anemia can lead to the exacerbation of myocardial, cerebral or peripheral ischemia and to heart failure.
  • Ischemia is defined as an absolute or relative shortage of oxygen to a tissue or organ and can result from disorders such as atherosclerosis, diabetes, thromboembolisms, hypotension, etc.
  • the heart, brain and kidney are especially sensitive to ischemic stress caused by low blood supply.
  • the primary pharmacological treatment for anemia is administration of some variant of recombinant human erythropoietin (EPO).
  • EPO erythropoietin
  • recombinant EPO is administered to enhance the supply of the hormone, correct the shortage of red blood cells and increase the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity.
  • EPO replacement is not always sufficient to stimulate optimal erythropoiesis (e.g., in patients with iron processing deficiencies) and has associated risks.
  • Hypoxia-inducible factor has been identified as a primary regulator of the cellular response to low oxygen.
  • HIF is a heterodimeric gene transcription factor consisting of a highly regulated a-subunit (HIF-a) and a constitutively expressed ⁇ -subunit (HIF- ⁇ , also known as ARNT, or aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear transporter).
  • HIF target genes are reported to be associated with various aspects of erythropoiesis (e.g., erythropoietin (EPO) and EPO receptor), glycolysis and angiogenesis (e.g., vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)).
  • EPO erythropoietin
  • VEGF vascular endothelial growth factor
  • HIF-a is a substrate in a reaction with molecular oxygen, which is catalyzed by a family of iron(II)-, 2-ketoglutarate- and ascorbate-dependent dioxygenase enzymes called PHD-1 (EGLN2, or egg laying abnormal 9 homolog 2, PHD2 (EGLN1), and PHD3 (EGLN3).
  • PHD-1 family of iron(II)-, 2-ketoglutarate- and ascorbate-dependent dioxygenase enzymes called PHD-1 (EGLN2, or egg laying abnormal 9 homolog 2, PHD2 (EGLN1), and PHD3 (EGLN3).
  • Proline residues of HIF-a are hydroxylated (e.g., Pro-402 and Pro-564 of HIF- ⁇ ) and the resulting product is a target of the tumor suppressor protein von-Hippel Lindau, a component of an E3 ubiquitin ligase multiprotein complex involved in protein ubiquitination.
  • HIF-a hydroxylation reaction is less efficient and HIF- a is available to dimerize with HIF- ⁇ .
  • HIF dimers are translocated to the cell nucleus where they bind to a hypoxia-responsive enhancer element of HIF target genes.
  • HIF HIF prolyl hydroxylases
  • the present invention concerns compounds of formula I
  • the present invention provides compounds of formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof:
  • A is heteroaryl optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents
  • L is chosen from a bond, aryl, heteroaryl, -(Ci-3 alkyl)o-lS(Ci-3 alkyl)o-l-, -(Ci-3 alkyl)o-lNRaCO-, - (Ci-3 alkyl)o-lNRaC0 2 -, -(Ci-3 alkyl)o-lC0 2 -, -(Ci-3 alkyl)o-lNRaS0 2 -, -(Ci-3 alkyl) 0 - iNRaO-, -(Ci-3 alkyl)o-lNRaCSNRb-, -(Ci-3 alkyl)o-lNRaCONRb-, and -(Ci-3 alkyl)o- iNRaCOS-;
  • R2 and R3 are independently selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, Ci-6 alkyl, C3-6
  • Rl is selected from
  • Rl said alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl, perfluoralkyl, perfluoroalkoxy, heterocyclyl, and cycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents; optionally, Rl and L are linked together to form a ring of 5 to 8 atoms optionally substituted with one or more substituents R9; where said ring has 0, 1, or 2 heteroatoms independently selected from -NRb-, -O- and -S(0) n -;
  • R9 is selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, aryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, -Ci-6 alkyl, -Ci-6 alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, -O(0-l )(Ci-io)perfluoroalkyl, -C02R a , -NRbRc -CONRbRc - OC02R a , -OCONRbRc -NRdC02R a , -NRdCONRbRc -SCo-6 alkyl and -S(0) n Rd, wherein said aryl, heteroaryl, heterocycloalkyl, alkoxy, aryloxy, heteroaryloxy, heterocycloalkyloxy are optionally substituted by one or more substituents RlO;
  • RIO is selected from hydroxy, aryl, heterocycloalkyl, heteroaryl, halogen, oxo, -Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkoxy, halogen, CO2H, cyano, alkyl, NO2, trifluoromethoxy, trifluoroethoxy, -O(0- l)(Ci-io)perfluoroalkyl, Co-10 alkylaminocarbonylamino, Co-10 alkyloxycarbonylaminoCo-10 alkyl, Co-10 alkylcarbonylaminoCo-10 alkyl, Co-10 alkylaminosulfonylaminoCo-10 alkyl, Co-10 alkylsulfonylaminoCo-10 alkyl, Co-10 alkylsulfonylaminoCo-10 alkyl, Co-10 alkylsulfonylaminoCo-10 alkyl, Co-10 alkylaminosulfonyl, Co-10 alkyl, Co-10 alkylsulfon
  • n 1 or 2;
  • R a is chosen from hydrogen; -Ci-10 alkyl, -(Ci ⁇ 6 alkyl)C3-8 cycloalkyl;
  • Rb, R c , and Rd are each independently chosen from hydrogen, -Ci-10 alkyl,C3-8 cycloalkyl, aryl, and heterocyclyl.
  • compounds of the invention are the following: N-(4-hydroxy-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)pyrimidin-5-yl)-2,2-diphenylacetamide;
  • naphthalen-2-yl 4-hydroxy-2-( IH-pyrazol- 1 -yl)pyrimidin-5 -yl carbamate;
  • alkyl is intended to include both branched- and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, including all isomers, having the specified number of carbon atoms. Commonly used abbreviations for alkyl groups are used throughout the specification, e.g. methyl may be represented by “Me” or CH 3 , ethyl may be represented by “Et” or CH 2 CH 3 , propyl may be represented by “Pr” or CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , butyl may be represented by "Bu” or CH 2 CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 , etc.
  • Ci-6 alkyl (or “C1-C6 alkyl”) for example, means linear or branched chain alkyl groups, including all isomers, having the specified number of carbon atoms.
  • Ci-6 alkyl includes all of the hexyl alkyl and pentyl alkyl isomers as well as n-, iso-, sec- and t-butyl, n- and isopropyl, ethyl and methyl.
  • Ci-4 alkyl means n-, iso-, sec- and t-butyl, n- and isopropyl, ethyl and methyl.
  • alkylene refers to both branched- and straight-chain saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups, including all isomers, having the specified number of carbons, and having two terminal end chain attachments.
  • unsubstituted A- C4alkylene-B represents A-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-B.
  • alkoxy represents a linear or branched alkyl group of indicated number of carbon atoms attached through an oxygen bridge.
  • alkyl (either as a stand alone radical or as part of a radical such as alkoxy, alkylthio and aralkyl) groups are unsubstituted or substituted with 1 to 3 substituents on each carbon atom, with halo, C1-C20 alkyl, CF3, N3 ⁇ 4, N(Ci-C6 alkyl)2, NO2, oxo, CN, N3, -OH, -0(Ci-C6 alkyl), C3- C10 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, (C 0 -C 6 alkyl) S(O)0-2-, (Co-C 6 alkyl)S(0) 0 -2(Co-C 6 alkyl)-, (C0-C6 alkyl)C(0)NH-, H2
  • heterocyclylalkyl halo-aryl, halo-aralkyl, halo-heterocycle, halo-heterocyclylalkyl, cyano-aryl, cyano- aralkyl, cyano-heterocycle and cyano-heterocyclylalkyl.
  • Co as employed in expressions such as "CQ-6 alkyl” means a direct covalent bond; or when the term appears at the terminus of a substituent, Co-6 alkyl means hydrogen or Cl-6alkyl.
  • Co-6 alkyl means hydrogen or Cl-6alkyl.
  • an integer defining the presence of a certain number of atoms in a group is equal to zero, it atoms adjacent thereto are connected directly by a bond. For example, in the structure wherein s is an integer equal to zero, 1 or 2, the structure is when s is zero.
  • C3-8 cycloalkyl (or “C3-C8 cycloalkyl”) means a cyclic ring of an alkane having three to eight total carbon atoms (i.e., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptyl, or cyclooctyl).
  • C3-7 cycloalkyl "C3-6 cycloalkyl”
  • C5-7 cycloalkyl and the like have analogous meanings.
  • halogen refers to fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine
  • aryl refers to aromatic mono- and poly-carbocyclic ring systems, wherein the individual carbocyclic rings in the polyring systems are fused or attached to each other via a single bond. Suitable aryl groups include phenyl, naphthyl, and biphenylenyl.
  • carbocycle (and variations thereof such as “carbocyclic” or “carbocyclyl”) as used herein, unless otherwise indicated, refers to (i) a C3 to Cs monocyclic, saturated or unsaturated ring or (ii) a C7 to C12 bicyclic saturated or unsaturated ring system. Each ring in (ii) is either independent of, or fused to, the other ring, and each ring is saturated or unsaturated.
  • the carbocycle may be attached to the rest of the molecule at any carbon atom which results in a stable compound.
  • fused bicyclic carbocycles are a subset of the carbocycles; i.e., the term "fused bicyclic carbocycle” generally refers to a C7 to Cio bicyclic ring system in which each ring is saturated or unsaturated and two adjacent carbon atoms are shared by each of the rings in the ring system.
  • a fused bicyclic carbocycle in which one ring is saturated and the other is saturated is a saturated bicyclic ring system.
  • a fused bicyclic carbocycle in which one ring is benzene and the other is saturated is an unsaturated bicyclic ring system.
  • a fused bicyclic carbocycle in which one ring is benzene and the other is unsaturated is an unsaturated ring system.
  • Saturated carbocyclic rings are also referred to as cycloalkyl rings, e.g., cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, etc.
  • carbocycle is unsubstituted or substituted with Ci-6 alkyl, Ci-6 alkenyl, Ci-6 alkynyl, aryl, halogen, NH2 or OH.
  • a subset of the fused bicyclic unsaturated carbocycles are those bicyclic carbocycles in which one ring is a benzene ring and the other ring is saturated or unsaturated, with attachment via any carbon atom that results in a stable compound. Representative examples of this subset include the following:
  • heterocycle broadly refers to (i) a stable 4- to 8-membered, saturated or unsaturated monocyclic ring, or (ii) a stable 7- to 12-membered bicyclic ring system, wherein each ring in (ii) is independent of, or fused to, the other ring or rings and each ring is saturated or unsaturated, and the monocyclic ring or bicyclic ring system contains one or more heteroatoms (e.g., from 1 to 6 heteroatoms, or from 1 to 4 heteroatoms) selected from N, O and S and a balance of carbon atoms (the monocyclic ring typically contains at least one carbon atom and the ring systems typically contain at least two carbon atoms); and wherein any one or more of the nitrogen and sulfur heteroatoms is optionally oxidized, and any one or more of the nitrogen heteroatoms is optionally quaternized.
  • heteroatoms e.g., from 1 to 6 heteroatoms, or from 1 to 4 heteroatoms
  • the heterocyclic ring may be attached at any heteroatom or carbon atom, provided that attachment results in the creation of a stable structure.
  • the heterocyclic ring has substituents, it is understood that the substituents may be attached to any atom in the ring, whether a heteroatom or a carbon atom, provided that a stable chemical structure results.
  • heterocyclylic moieties include, but are not limited to, the following: azepanyl, azabenzimidazole, benzoimidazolyl, benzofuryl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, indolazinyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuryl, isochromanyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthpyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxazolinyl, isooxazolinyl, oxetanyl
  • pyridopyridinyl pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, pyrrolyl, quinazolinyl, quinolyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, azetidinyl, aziridinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, hexahydroazepinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzoimidazolyl, dihydrobenzofuryl,
  • dihydrobenzothiophenyl dihydrobenzoxazolyl, dihydrofuryl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihydroisooxazolyl, dihydroisothiazolyl, dihydrooxadiazolyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydroquinolinyl, dihydrotetrazolyl, dihydrothiadiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrotriazolyl, dihydroazetidinyl, methylenedioxybenzoyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl,
  • saturated heterocyclics form a subset of the heterocycles; i.e., the term “saturated heterocyclic” generally refers to a heterocycle as defined above in which the entire ring system (whether mono- or poly-cyclic) is saturated.
  • saturated heterocyclic ring refers to a 4- to 8-membered saturated monocyclic ring or a stable 7- to 12-membered bicyclic ring system which consists of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
  • Representative examples include piperidinyl, piperazinyl, azepanyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, imidazolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, and tetrahydrofuryl (or tetrahydrofuranyl).
  • Heteroaromatics form another subset of the heterocycles; i.e., the term “heteroaromatic” (alternatively “heteroaryl”) generally refers to a heterocycle as defined above in which the entire ring system (whether mono- or poly-cyclic) is an aromatic ring system.
  • the term “heteroaromatic ring” refers a 5- or 6-membered monocyclic aromatic ring or a 7- to 12-membered bicyclic which consists of carbon atoms and one or more heteroatoms selected from N, O and S.
  • substituted heteroaryl rings containing at least one nitrogen atom e.g., pyridine
  • substitutions can be those resulting in N-oxide formation.
  • heteroaromatic rings include pyridyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, thienyl (or thiophenyl), thiazolyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, pyrazolyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, oxazolyl, isooxazolyl, oxadiazolyl, thiazolyl, isothiazolyl, and thiadiazolyl.
  • bicyclic heterocycles include benzotriazolyl, indolyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, quinoxalinyl, quinazolinyl, cinnolinyl, chromanyl, isochromanyl,
  • arylalkyl and alkylaryl include an alkyl portion where alkyl is as defined above and include an aryl portion where aryl is as defined above.
  • arylalkyl include, but are not limited to, benzyl, phenylethyl, phenylpropyl, naphthylmethyl, and naphthylethyl.
  • alkylaryl include, but are not limited to, toluene, ethylbenzene, propylbenzene, methylpyridine,
  • cycloalkyl, aryl (including phenyl) and heterocycle (including heteroaryl) groups are unsubstituted or substituted.
  • substituted C3-C10 cycloalkyl “substituted aryl (including phenyl)” and “substituted heterocycle” are intended to include the cyclic group containing from 1 to 3 substituents in addition to the point of attachment to the rest of the compound.
  • the substituents are selected from the group which includes, but are not limited to, halo, C1-C20 alkyl, CF3, N3 ⁇ 4, N(Ci-C6 alkyl)2, NO2, oxo, CN, N3, -OH, -0(Ci-C6 alkyl), C3-C10 cycloalkyl, C 2 -C 6 alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 alkynyl, (C 0 -C 6 alkyl) S(O)0-2-, aryl-S(O) 0 -2-, (Co-C 6 alkyl)S(O) 0 - 2(Co-C 6 alkyl)-, (C 0 -C 6 alkyl)C(0)NH-, H 2 N-C(NH)-, -0(Ci-C 6 alkyl)CF 3 , (C 0 -C 6 alkyl)C(O)-, (C 0 - C 6 alkyl)OC
  • an “unsaturated” ring is a partially or fully unsaturated ring.
  • an “unsaturated monocyclic C carbocycle” refers to cyclohexene, cyclohexadiene, and benzene.
  • heterocycle described as containing from “ 1 to 4 heteroatoms” means the heterocycle can contain 1, 2, 3 or 4 heteroatoms.
  • substituted includes mono- and poly-substitution by a named substituent to the extent such single and multiple substitution (including multiple substitution at the same site) is chemically allowed.
  • oxy means an oxygen (O) atom.
  • thio means a sulfur (S) atom.
  • any variable e.g., R2, R3 5 etc.
  • its definition in each occurrence is independent of its definition at every other occurrence.
  • combinations of substituents and/or variables are permissible only if such combinations result in stable compounds.
  • substituents and substitution patterns on the compounds of the instant invention can be selected by one of ordinary skill in the art to provide compounds that are chemically stable and that can be readily synthesized by techniques known in the art, as well as those methods set forth below, from readily available starting materials. If a substituent is itself substituted with more than one group, it is understood that these multiple groups can be on the same carbon or on different carbons, so long as a stable structure results.
  • the phrase "optionally substituted with one or more substituents” should be taken to be equivalent to the phrase “optionally substituted with at least one substituent” and in such cases one embodiment will have from zero to three substituents.
  • A includes, but is not limited to, the following: azabenzimidazole, benzoimidazolyl, benzofuryl, benzofurazanyl, benzopyrazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, carbazolyl, carbolinyl, chromanyl, cinnolinyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indolinyl, indolyl, indolazinyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuryl, isochromanyl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthpyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, oxazoline, isoxazoline, oxetanyl, pyranyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl,
  • quinoxalinyl quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, thienyl, triazolyl, azetidinyl, aziridinyl, 1,4-dioxanyl, hexahydroazepinyl, piperazinyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, thiomorpholinyl, dihydrobenzoimidazolyl, dihydrobenzofuryl, dihydrobenzothiophenyl, dihydrobenzoxazolyl, dihydrofuryl, dihydroimidazolyl, dihydroindolyl, dihydroisooxazolyl,
  • dihydroisothiazolyl dihydrooxadiazolyl, dihydrooxazolyl, dihydropyrazinyl, dihydropyrazolyl, dihydropyridinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, dihydropyrimidinyl, dihydropyrrolyl, dihydroquinolinyl, dihydrotetrazolyl, dihydrothiadiazolyl, dihydrothiazolyl, dihydrothienyl, dihydrotriazolyl, dihydroazetidinyl, methylenedioxybenzoyl, tetrahydrofuryl, tetrahydrothienyl, tetrahidroquinolinyl, 2,3-dihydrobenzofuryl, 2,3-dihydrobenzo-l,4-dioxinyl, imidazo(2, l-b)(l,3)thiazole, and
  • the heterocyclyl moiety in A includes azabenzimidazole, benzoimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuryl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl,
  • A is selected from: benzoimidazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothienyl, benzotriazolyl, benzothiophenyl, benzoxazolyl, furanyl, imidazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isobenzofuryl, isoindolyl, isoquinolyl, isothiazolyl, isoxazolyl, naphthpyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, oxazolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridopyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, and thienyl, wherein A is optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents.
  • A is selected from: pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridopyridinyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, pyrimidyl, tetrazolyl, tetrazolopyridyl, thiadiazolyl, thiazolyl, and thienyl, wherein A is optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents.
  • A is selected from pyrazinyl, pyrazolyl, pyridazinyl, pyridinyl, and pyrimidyl, wherein A is optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents.
  • A is selected from pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridazinyl, and pyrimidyl, wherein A is optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents.
  • A is chosen from pyrazolyl and pyridazinyl, wherein A is optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents.
  • Rl is selected from halogen, C i-io alkyl, -C2. ⁇ Q alkenyl, -C2-10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl Co-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, heterocyclyl Co-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, arylCo-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, C i-io alkoxy (carbonyl)o-lCo-lO alkyl, carboxyl Co-10 alkyl, carboxyl aryl,
  • Rl is selected from halogen, C i-io alkyl, -C2. ⁇ Q alkenyl, -C2-10 alkynyl, cycloalkyl CQ-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, heterocyclyl CQ-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, arylCo-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, C i- 10 alkoxy (carbonyl)o-lCo-lO alkyl, carboxyl Co-10 alkyl, carboxyl aryl, carboxylcycloalkyl, carboxylheterocyclyl, Ci-ioalkyloxy Co-10alkyl, hydroxy Co-10alkyl, hydroxycarbonylCo-lOalkoxy, Ci- 10 alkylthio, Ci-io alkylsulfinyl, aryl Co-10 alkylsulfinyl, heterocyclyl Co-10 alkylsulfinyl, cycloalkyl Co-10 alkylsulffiny
  • Rl is selected from halogen, phenylmethyl, pyridinyl, phenyl, Ci- 10 alkyl, naphtholinyl Ci-6 alkyl, cyclopropyl, phenyl Ci-6 alkyl, cyclohexyl, piperidinyl, pyrrolidinyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalinenyl, 2,3-dihydro-lH-indinyl, benzyl, phenylethyl, cyclopentyl, tertbutyl, wherein in Rl is optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents.
  • Rl is selected from: cycloalkyl Co-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, heterocyclyl Co-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, arylCo-10 alkyl(oxy)0-l, perfluorCi-6 alkyl, perfluoro Ci-6alkoxy, and Ci-io alkoxy (carbonyl)o-lCo-lO alkyl, wherein Rl is optionally substituted with one or more R9 substituents.
  • R2 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, -Ci- 6 alkyl, C3-6 heterocycloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, heterocycloalkyl and cycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: hydroxyl, -SR a , -NR a 2 or -CO2- R a .
  • R3 is selected from hydrogen, halogen, hydroxyl, -Ci-6 alkyl, C3- 6 heterocycloalkyl and C3-6 cycloalkyl wherein said alkyl, heterocycloalkyl and cycloalkyl are each optionally substituted with one or more substituents selected from: hydroxyl, -SR a , -NR a 2 or -C02-R a .
  • L is selected from: is chosen from -(Ci-3 alkyl)o- iNRaCO-, -(Ci-3 alkyl)o-lNRaC0 2 -, -(C1-3 alkyl)o-lC0 2 -, -(C1-3 alkyl)o-lNRaS0 2 -, -(C1-3 alkyl)o-lNRaCSNRb-, and -(Ci-3 alkyl)o-lNRaCONRb-.
  • L is selected from -(CI -3 alkyl)0-lNRaCO
  • L is— (Cl-3 alkyl)0-lNRaCO-.
  • R9 is selected from halogen, hydroxy, oxo, cyano, aryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, -CI -6 alkyl, -CI -6 alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, -O(0-l )(Cl-10)perfluoroalkyl, -C02Ra, - OC02Ra, -OCONRbRc, , -SCO-6 alkyl and -S(0)nRd, wherein R9 is optionally substituted by one or more substituents R10.
  • R9 is selected from halogen, hydroxy, cyano, aryl, heterocyclyl, cycloalkyl, -CI -6 alkyl, -CI -6 alkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, -O(0-l )(Cl-10)perfluoroalkyl, -C02Ra, and -OC02Ra wherein R9 is optionally substituted by one or more substituents R10.
  • Structural representations of compounds having substituents terminating with a methyl group may display the terminal methyl group either using the characters "CH3", e.g. "-CH3" or using a straight line representing the presence of the methyl group, e.g. , i.e.,
  • Ri is a defined variable
  • Rj is a defined variable
  • the value of Ri may differ in each instance in which it occurs, and the value of Rj may differ in each instance in which it occurs.
  • Ri and Rj are independently selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl
  • (CRiRj)2 can be
  • stereoisomers as substantially pure resolved enantiomers, racemic mixtures thereof, as well as mixtures of diastereomers.
  • the above Formula I is shown without a definitive stereochemistry at certain positions.
  • the present invention includes all stereoisomers of Formula I and pharmaceutically acceptable salts and solvates thereof. Unless specifically mentioned otherwise, reference to one isomer applies to any of the possible isomers. Whenever the isomeric composition is unspecified, all possible isomers are included.
  • Diastereoisomeric pairs of enantiomers may be separated by, for example, fractional crystallization from a suitable solvent, and the pair of enantiomers thus obtained may be separated into individual stereoisomers by conventional means, for example by the use of an optically active acid or base as a resolving agent or on a chiral HPLC column. Further, any enantiomer or diastereomer of a compound of the general Formula I may be obtained by stereospecific synthesis using optically pure starting materials or reagents of known configuration. When compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds, unless specified otherwise, such double bonds are meant to include both E and Z geometric isomers.
  • Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include both the metallic (inorganic) salts and organic salts; a list of which is given in Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 17th Edition, pg. 1418 (1985). It is well known to one skilled in the art that an appropriate salt form is chosen based on physical and chemical stability, flowability, hydro-scopicity and solubility.
  • pharmaceutically acceptable salts refers to salts prepared from pharmaceutically acceptable non-toxic bases or acids. When the compound of the present invention is acidic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from inorganic bases or organic bases.
  • Salts derived from such inorganic bases include aluminum, ammonium, calcium, copper (ic and ous), ferric, ferrous, lithium, magnesium, manganese (ic and ous), potassium, sodium, zinc and the like salts. Preferred are the ammonium, calcium, magnesium, potassium and sodium salts.
  • Salts prepared from organic bases include salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines derived from both naturally occurring and synthetic sources.
  • organic non-toxic bases from which salts can be formed include, for example, arginine, betaine, caffeine, choline, N,N -dibenzylethylenediamine, diethylamine, 2-diethylaminoethanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, ethanolamine, ethylenediamine, N-ethyl- morpholine, N-ethylpiperidine, glucamine, glucosamine, histidine, hydrabamine, isopropylamine, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, methylglucamine, morpholine, piperazine, piperidine, polyamine resins, procaine, purines, theobromine, triethylamine, trimethylamine, tripropylamine, tromethamine and the like.
  • the compound of the present invention When the compound of the present invention is basic, its corresponding salt can be conveniently prepared from inorganic or organic acids.
  • Such acids include, for example, acetic, benzenesulfonic, benzoic, camphorsulfonic, citric, ethanesulfonic, fumaric, gluconic, glutamic,
  • solvates of compounds of Formula I.
  • the term "solvate” refers to a complex of variable stoichiometry formed by a solute (i.e., a compound of Formula I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and a solvent that does not interfere with the biological activity of the solute.
  • solvents include, but are not limited to water, ethanol, and acetic acid.
  • the solvent is water, the solvate is known as hydrate; hydrate includes, but is not limited to, hemi-, mono, sesqui-, di- and trihydrates.
  • the present invention includes within its scope the use of prodrugs of the compounds of this invention.
  • prodrugs will be functional derivatives of the compounds of this invention which are readily convertible in vivo into the required compound.
  • the term “administering” shall encompass the treatment of the various conditions described with a compound of formula I or with a compound which may not be a compound of formula I, but which converts to a compound of formula I in vivo after administration to the patient.
  • Conventional procedures for the selection and preparation of suitable prodrug derivatives are described, for example, in "Design of Prodrugs," ed. H. Bundgaard, Elsevier, 1985.
  • the atoms may exhibit their natural isotopic abundances, or one or more of the atoms may be artificially enriched in a particular isotope having the same atomic number, but an atomic mass or mass number different from the atomic mass or mass number predominantly found in nature.
  • the present invention is meant to include all suitable isotopic variations of the compounds of generic Formula I.
  • different isotopic forms of hydrogen (H) include protium (lH) and deuterium (2H).
  • Protium is the predominant hydrogen isotope found in nature. Enriching for deuterium may afford certain therapeutic advantages, such as increasing in vivo half-life or reducing dosage requirements, or may provide a compound useful as a standard for characterization of biological samples.
  • Isotopically-enriched compounds within generic Formula I can be prepared without undue experimentation by conventional techniques well known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Schemes and Examples herein using appropriate isotopically- enriched reagents and/or intermediates.
  • Compounds of the present invention are inhibitors of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) prolyl hydroxylases, and as such are useful in the treatment and prevention of diseases and conditions in which HIF modulation is desirable, such as anemia and ischemia.
  • Compounds of the invention can be used in a selective and controlled manner to induce hypoxia-inducible factor stabilization and to rapidly and reversibly stimulate erythropoietin production and secretion.
  • another aspect of the present invention provides a method of treating or preventing a disease or condition in a mammal, the treatment or prevention of which is effected or facilitated by HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibition, which comprises administering an amount of a compound of Formula I that is effective for inhibiting HIF prolyl hydroxylase.
  • This aspect of the present invention further includes the use of a compound of Formula I in the
  • In one embodiment is a method of enhancing endogenous production of erythropoietin in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal an amount of a compound of Formula I that is effective for enhancing endogenous production of erythropoietin.
  • Another embodiment is a method of treating anemia in a mammal which comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • Anemia includes, but is not limited to, chronic kidney disease anemia, chemotherapy-induced anemia (e.g., anemia resulting from antiviral drug regimens for infectious diseases, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus), anemia of chronic disease, anemia associated with cancer conditions, anemia resulting from radiation treatment for cancer, anemias of chronic immune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis, inflammatory bowel disease, and lupus, and anemias due to menstruation or of senescence or in other individuals with iron processing deficiencies such as those who are iron-replete but unable to utilize iron properly.
  • chemotherapy-induced anemia e.g., anemia resulting from antiviral drug regimens for infectious diseases, such as HIV and hepatitis C virus
  • anemia of chronic disease e.g., anemia resulting from antiviral drug regimens for infectious
  • Another embodiment is a method of treating ischemic diseases in a mammal, which comprises administering to said mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of Formula I.
  • Compounds of Formula I may be used in combination with other drugs that are used in the treatment/prevention/suppression or amelioration of the diseases or conditions for which compounds of Formula I are useful. Such other drugs may be administered, by a route and in an amount commonly used therefor, contemporaneously or sequentially with a compound of Formula I.
  • a pharmaceutical composition containing such other drugs in addition to the compound of Formula I is preferred.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention include those that also contain one or more other active ingredients, in addition to a compound of Formula I.
  • the compounds of this invention can be administered for the treatment or prevention of afflictions, diseases and illnesses according to the invention by any means that effects contact of the active ingredient compound with the site of action in the body of a warm-blooded animal.
  • administration can be oral, topical, including transdermal, ocular, buccal, intranasal, inhalation, intravaginal, rectal, intracisternal and parenteral.
  • parenteral refers to modes of administration which include subcutaneous, intravenous, intramuscular, intraarticular injection or infusion, intrastemal and intraperitoneal.
  • a warm-blooded animal is a member of the animal kingdom possessed of a homeostatic mechanism and includes mammals and birds.
  • the compounds can be administered by any conventional means available for use in conjunction with pharmaceuticals, either as individual therapeutic agents or in a combination of therapeutic agents. They can be administered alone, but are generally administered with a pharmaceutical carrier selected on the basis of the chosen route of administration and standard pharmaceutical practice.
  • the dosage administered will be dependent on the age, health and weight of the recipient, the extent of disease, kind of concurrent treatment, if any, frequency of treatment and the nature of the effect desired.
  • a daily dosage of active ingredient compound will be from about 0.1-2000 milligrams per day. Ordinarily, from 10 to 500 milligrams per day in one or more applications is effective to obtain desired results.
  • These dosages are the effective amounts for the treatment and prevention of afflictions, diseases and illnesses described above, e.g., anemia.
  • compositions which comprises a compound of Formula I and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
  • composition is intended to encompass a product comprising the active ingredient(s), and the inert ingredient(s) (pharmaceutically acceptable excipients) that make up the carrier, as well as any product which results, directly or indirectly, from combination, complexation or aggregation of any two or more of the ingredients, or from dissociation of one or more of the ingredients, or from other types of reactions or interactions of one or more of the ingredients.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the present invention encompass any composition made by admixing a compound of Formula I, additional active ingredient(s), and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients.
  • compositions of the present invention comprise a compound represented by Formula I (or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate thereof) as an active ingredient, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and optionally other therapeutic ingredients or adjuvants.
  • the compositions include compositions suitable for oral, rectal, topical, and parenteral (including subcutaneous, intramuscular, and intravenous) administration, although the most suitable route in any given case will depend on the particular host, and nature and severity of the conditions for which the active ingredient is being administered.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions may be conveniently presented in unit dosage form and prepared by any of the methods well known in the art of pharmacy.
  • the active ingredient can be administered orally in solid dosage forms, such as capsules, tablets, troches, dragees, granules and powders, or in liquid dosage forms, such as elixirs, syrups, emulsions, dispersions, and suspensions.
  • the active ingredient can also be administered parenterally, in sterile liquid dosage forms, such as dispersions, suspensions or solutions.
  • dosages forms that can also be used to administer the active ingredient as an ointment, cream, drops, transdermal patch or powder for topical administration, as an ophthalmic solution or suspension formation, i.e., eye drops, for ocular administration, as an aerosol spray or powder composition for inhalation or intranasal administration, or as a cream, ointment, spray or suppository for rectal or vaginal administration.
  • Gelatin capsules contain the active ingredient and powdered carriers, such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets. Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • powdered carriers such as lactose, starch, cellulose derivatives, magnesium stearate, stearic acid, and the like. Similar diluents can be used to make compressed tablets. Both tablets and capsules can be manufactured as sustained release products to provide for continuous release of medication over a period of hours. Compressed tablets can be sugar coated or film coated to mask any unpleasant taste and protect the tablet from the atmosphere, or enteric coated for selective disintegration in the gastrointestinal tract.
  • Liquid dosage forms for oral administration can contain coloring and flavoring to increase patient acceptance.
  • water a suitable oil, saline, aqueous dextrose (glucose), and related sugar solutions and glycols such as propylene glycol or polyethylene gycols are suitable carriers for parenteral solutions.
  • Solutions for parenteral administration preferably contain a water soluble salt of the active ingredient, suitable stabilizing agents, and if necessary, buffer substances.
  • Antioxidizing agents such as sodium bisulfite, sodium sulfite, or ascorbic acid, either alone or combined, are suitable stabilizing agents.
  • citric acid and its salts and sodium EDTA are also used.
  • parenteral solutions can contain preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, methyl- or propylparaben, and chlorobutanol.
  • Suitable pharmaceutical carriers are described in Remington 's Pharmaceutical Sciences, A. Osol, a standard reference text in this field.
  • the compounds of the present invention may be conveniently delivered in the form of an aerosol spray presentation from pressurized packs or nebulisers.
  • the compounds may also be delivered as powders which may be formulated and the powder composition may be inhaled with the aid of an insufflation powder inhaler device.
  • the preferred delivery system for inhalation is a metered dose inhalation (MDI) aerosol, which may be formulated as a suspension or solution of a compound of Formula I in suitable propellants, such as fluorocarbons or hydrocarbons.
  • MDI metered dose inhalation
  • an ophthalmic preparation may be formulated with an appropriate weight percent solution or suspension of the compounds of Formula I in an appropriate ophthalmic vehicle, such that the compound is maintained in contact with the ocular surface for a sufficient time period to allow the compound to penetrate the corneal and internal regions of the eye.
  • Useful pharmaceutical dosage-forms for administration of the compounds of this invention include, but are not limited to, hard and soft gelatin capsules, tablets, parenteral injectables, and oral suspensions.
  • a large number of unit capsules are prepared by filling standard two-piece hard gelatin capsules each with 100 milligrams of powdered active ingredient, 150 milligrams of lactose, 50 milligrams of cellulose, and 6 milligrams magnesium stearate.
  • a mixture of active ingredient in a digestible oil such as soybean oil, cottonseed oil or olive oil is prepared and injected by means of a positive displacement pump into gelatin to form soft gelatin capsules containing 100 milligrams of the active ingredient.
  • the capsules are washed and dried.
  • a large number of tablets are prepared by conventional procedures so that the dosage unit is 100 milligrams of active ingredient, 0.2 milligrams of colloidal silicon dioxide, 5 milligrams of magnesium stearate, 275 milligrams of microcrystalline cellulose, 11 milligrams of starch and 98.8 milligrams of lactose.
  • Appropriate coatings may be applied to increase palatability or delay absorption.
  • a parenteral composition suitable for administration by injection is prepared by stirring 1.5% by weight of active ingredient in 10% by volume propylene glycol. The solution is made to volume with water for injection and sterilized.
  • An aqueous suspension is prepared for oral administration so that each 5 milliliters contain 100 milligrams of finely divided active ingredient, 100 milligrams of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, 5 milligrams of sodium benzoate, 1.0 grams of sorbitol solution, U.S. P., and 0.025 milliliters of vanillin.
  • the same dosage forms can generally be used when the compounds of this invention are administered stepwise or in conjunction with another therapeutic agent.
  • the dosage form and administration route should be selected depending on the compatibility of the combined drugs.
  • coadministration is understood to include the administration of the two agents concomitantly or sequentially, or alternatively as a fixed dose combination of the two active components.
  • Compounds of the invention can be administered as the sole active ingredient or in combination with a second active ingredient, including other active ingredients known to be useful for improving the level of erythropoietin in a patient.
  • the compounds of this invention may be prepared by employing reactions as shown in the following schemes, in addition to other manipulations that are known in the literature or exemplified in the experimental procedures.
  • Substituent numbering as shown in the schemes does not necessarily correlate to that used in the claims and often, for clarity, a single substituent is shown attached to the compound in place of multiple substituents which are allowed under the definitions of Formula I defined previously.
  • This method involves the initial synthesis of substituted 4-hydroxypyrimidine-5- carboxylates of general formula 1S-4 and 1S-6.
  • the synthesis of 4-hydroxypyrimidine-5-carboxylates exemplified in scheme 1 is based upon reported methods (Dostert, P.; Imbert, T.; Ancher, J.F.; Langlois, M.; Bucher, B.; Mocquet, G. Eur. J. Med. Chem. 1982, 77, 437-44. Juby, P.F.; Hudyma, T.W.; Brown, M.; Essery, J.M.; Partyka, R.A. J. Med. Chem. 1979, 22, 263-9).
  • an amidine or a suitable salt thereof of general formula lS-1 is reacted with an optionally substituted diethyl methylenemalonate of general formula 1S-2.
  • This reaction is usually conducted using a suitable base such as sodium or potassium ethoxide in ethanol, although other reaction conditions may also be applied.
  • the alkoxide base and the alcohol solvent are chosen to correspond to the esters present in reagent 1S-2 to prevent the formation of mixtures of esters in the product of general formula 1S-3.
  • the reaction is conducted at elevated temperature, typically at the reflux temperature of the solvent until reaction is complete (generally within 1-4 hours). It is also convenient to conduct this reaction under microwave heating in sealed reaction vessels. In this instance, the reaction is generally conducted at temperatures between 80 and 120 °C and the reactions are typically completed in 5- 30 minutes.
  • compounds of general formula 1S-3 are useful intermediates to prepare compounds of formula I of the present invention.
  • compounds of general formula 1S-3 may be hydrolyzed using a suitable base (e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide) to give acids of formula 1S-4; alternatively, they are converted to compounds of formula 1S-5, in which the hydroxyl group of the pyrimidine core is protected with a desired protecting group (e.g. PG is benzyl, para-methoxybenzyl, trityl, or tert-butyl- dimethyl silyl).
  • a suitable base e.g. sodium or potassium hydroxide
  • a desired protecting group e.g. PG is benzyl, para-methoxybenzyl, trityl, or tert-butyl- dimethyl silyl.
  • Amidines may also be prepared from esters using the method reported by Gielen et al. (Gielen, H.; Alonso-Alija, C; Hendrix, M.; Nie serveer, U.; Schauss, D. Tetrahedron Lett . 2002, 43, 419-21).
  • the substituent A is selected to be a five-membered heterocyclic ring, it is possible that this heterocyclic group be bonded to the carbon atom at the 2-position of the pyrimidine ring through either a carbon-carbon or a carbon-nitrogen bond.
  • the precursor for the substituent A is an amidine of general formula lS-1 and the method using lS-1 for the synthesis of the title compound of general formula I is as described in the preceding reaction schemes.
  • the precursor for the substituent A is a guanidine of general formula 2S-7.
  • Ester hydrolysis as described above affords compounds of formula 2S-10, which is useful to prepare compounds of general formula I wherein the group A is a five-membered heterocyclic group attached to the pyrimidine 2-position with a carbon-nitrogen bond.
  • the guanidine derivative (2S-7) bearing the desired substituents may be synthesized using reported methods for guanidine synthesis (e.g. the guanidinylation of amines). Numerous methods for the guanidinylation of amines are reported (see Katritzky, A.R.; Rogovoy, B.V. ARKIVOC 2005, 4, 49-87; http://www.arkat- usa.org/ark/journal/2005/I04_Zefirov/1256/1256.pdf).
  • Scheme 3 One general method is shown in Scheme 3, which entails the reaction of compounds of formula 3S-11 with 3, 5 -dimethyl- 1-pyrazolylformamidinium nitrate to afford a guanidine of general formula 3S-12 using the method described by Fletcher et al. (Fletcher, D.I.; Ganellin, C.R.; Piergentili, A.; Dunn, P.M.; Jenkinson, D.H. Bioorg. Med. Chem. 2007, 15, 5457-79).
  • the title compounds of general formula I prepared as described above may be further modified using known methods and that the starting materials selected for use in the reaction schemes above may contain functional groups to enable said further transformation.
  • aromatic rings in the title compounds of general formula I may be subjected to a variety of aromatic substitution reactions such as nitration, halogenation and the like.
  • Aromatic substituent groups in the title compounds of general formula I bearing leaving groups such as halogens, triflates or the like can be employed in a variety of metal-catalyzed cross coupling reactions to incorporate new substitution patterns.
  • palladium-catalyzed cross coupling reactions such as those described by Suzuki, Stille, Buchwald and others, may be used to introduce a variety of new substituent groups.
  • Substituent groups that may be introduced using such cross-coupling methods include, but are not limited to, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and aryl groups as well as acyl groups (e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, amides, or ketones), hydroxyl and amino or substituted amino groups.
  • acyl groups e.g. carboxylic acids, esters, amides, or ketones
  • the esters 4S-14 can be prepared by reaction of esters 4S-13 with a substituted carboxamide dimethyl acetal.
  • reaction Schemes 1 and 2 may be further generalized when it is desired to prepare compounds of general formula I where neither of the R3 or R4 substituents are hydroxyl groups.
  • 5S-18 5S-19 Reaction Scheme 5 illustrates the process beginning with a beta-ketoester of general formula 5S-16 bearing the R3 substituent.
  • the ester of general formula 5S-16 is condensed with a carboxamide dimethyl acetal of general formula 2S-8 to afford the vinylogous amide of general formula 5S-17.
  • the intermediate 5S-17 is then reacted with an amidine derivative of general formula lS-1 using the method of Schenone et al. (Schenone, P.; Sansebastiano, L.; Mosti, L. J. Heterocyclic Chem. 1990, 27, 295) to afford the alkyl pyrimidine-5-carboxylate of general formula 5S-18.
  • compounds of formula I are prepared via pyrimidine ring formation reactions (e.g. Schemes 1, 2, 4, 5) with the desired substituents (e.g. A, R 2 , R 3 and L) at various positions.
  • the desired substituents on the pyrimidine core can be introduced after the pyrimidine ring is formed, which can be achieved using synthetic methods reported in the literature.
  • the hydroxyl group present at the pyrimidine 4-position in compounds of general formulae 1S-3, 1S-4, or 4S- 15 may be converted to a halogen substituent upon reaction with a suitable halogenating reagent (e.g. POCl 3 , BBr 3 , etc.).
  • carboxylic acids such as compounds of formula 5S-19 can be converted to their corresponding acyl azide such as compounds of formula 6S-22, and under suitable thermal rearrangement reaction conditions acyl azides such as 6S-22 can be converted to their corresponding isocyanate, and subsequent reactions of the resulting isocyanate with various nucleophiles such as alcohols, amines and thiols can produce compounds of formula 6S-23 wherein L is a carbamate (-NHCOO-), urea (-NHCONH-), or thiocarbamate (-NHCOS-).
  • HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
  • Agilent 1100 series HPLC on Waters C18 XTerra 3.5 ⁇ 3.0 x50 mm column with gradient 10:90-100 v/v CH 3 CN/H 2 0 + v 0.05 % TFA over 3.75 min then hold at 100 CH 3 CN + v 0.05 % TFA for 1.75 min; flow rate 1.0 mL/min, UV wavelength 254 nm (all HPLC/MS data was generated with this method unless indicated otherwise).
  • Analytical HPLC/MS - Basic Method Mass analysis was performed on a Waters
  • Micromass ® ZQTM with electrospray ionization in positive ion detection mode were conducted on an Agilent 1100 series HPLC on Waters C18 XBridge 3.5 ⁇ 3.0 x 50 mm column with gradient 10:90-98:2 v/v CH 3 CN/H 2 0 + v 0.025 % NH 4 OH over 3.25 min then hold at 98:2 CH 3 CN + v 0.025 % NH 4 OH for 2.25 min; flow rate 1.0 mL/min, UV wavelength 254 nm. Concentration of solutions was carried out on a rotary evaporator under reduced pressure.
  • Flash chromatography was performed using a Biotage Horizon or SP 1 Flash Chromatography apparatus (Dyax Corp.) on silica gel (32-63 ⁇ particle size, KP-Sil 60 A packing material type) in pre-packed cartridges or using an ISCO CombiFlashTM Sq 16x or CombiFlash ® CompanionTM apparatus on silica gel (32-63 ⁇ , 60 A) in pre-packed cartridges.
  • Microwave reactions were carried out on a Biotage InitiatorTM 2.0 or CEM DiscoverTM system.
  • Preparative HPLC/MS - Standard Method Mass analysis was performed on a Waters Micromass ® ZQTM with electrospray ionization in positive ion detection mode.
  • HPLC High performance liquid chromatography
  • Step E 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(pyridazin-3-vDpyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (1-f)
  • Step F 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(pyridazin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (1-g)
  • Step G 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(pyridazin-3-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (1-h)
  • Step B Benzyl 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-vnpyrimidine-5-carboxylate (2-d) To a solution of 4-hydroxy-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, 2-c, (lg,
  • Step D 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-vDpyrimidin-5-amine (2-f) 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid, 2-e, (200mg, 0.68mmol) was dissolved in THF (20ml) and treated with Et 3 N (204mg, 2.02mmol) and DPPA (204mg, 0.74mmol). The mixture was heated at 66°C for 12 hours. Then water was added and the resulting mixture was continued to stir at reflux for 2h. After that the mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was diluted with aq. K 2 C0 3 followed by extraction with ethyl acetate.
  • Step E N-(4-hvdroxy-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-vnpyriniidin-5-vn-2,2-diphenylacetamide (2-1)
  • 2,2-diphenylacetic acid 110 mg, 0.52 mmol was dissolved in DMF (10 mL) and EDC (100 mg, 0.52 mmol) and HOBt (70 mg, 0.52 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at rt for 5 mins before Et 3 N (130 mg, 1.3 mmol) and compound 2-f (115 mg, 0.43 mmol) were added. The resulting mixture was stirred at the ambient temperature for 24 h. The resulting mixture was diluted with water followed by extraction with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with brine, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated under vacuum.
  • Step A Ethyl 4-hvdroxy-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylate (3-a) lH-pyrazole-l-carboximidamide hydrochloride, compound 2-a from Example 2, (22.11 g, 0.15mol) in EtOH (250ml) was added sodium methoxide (12.3g, 0.23mol) and diethyl
  • Step B Ethyl 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-vnpyrimidine-5-carboxylate (3-b)
  • Step D Benzyl 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-vnpyrimidin-5-ylcarbaniate (3-d)
  • Step E 5-amino-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)pyriniidin-4-ol (3-e) Benzyl 4-(benzyloxy)-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylcarbamate, 3-d, (1.96g, 4.9mmol) was hydrogenated with hydrogen ballon in THF(20ml) and Pd/C (200mg) at room temperature for 12 hours. The mixture was filtered through a celite pad and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum to provide the compound, 3-e (0.8g, 93%). l NMR (DMSO-d 6 , 300 ⁇ ,): ⁇ 8.39(s, 1H), 7.80(s, 1H), 7.20(s, 1H), 6.56(m, 1H), 5.00(br, 2H).
  • Step B Preparation of amides (Reversed amide 3-f) 5-amino-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-yl)pyrimidin-4-ol, 3-e, (1 mmol) and Et 3 N (2mmols) were dissolved in dichloromethane(5ml) and cooled to 0 °C.
  • the appropriate concentrated acid chloride (1 mmol) made in Step A was further diluted in dichloromethane(5ml) to form a mixture. This acid chloride mixture was then added dropwise to the solution containing 3-e and Et 3 N to form a reaction mixture. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir at room temperature for additional 3 hours.
  • reaction mixture was concentrated under vacuum and the residue was taken into THF (10ml) and treated with 2N lithium hydroxide (10ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min to 12 hours. For some of the compounds (ca. 20%) a solid precipitated out, thus the solid was collected via filtration to provide the product. For compounds that did not precipitate out, the THF layer was separated and concentrated to afford the crude product, which was further purified by recrystallization using a mixed solvent system of petroleum ether/ethyl acetate/methanol (solvent ratio was optimized for each compound to produce crystallization conditions).
  • Table 1 discloses compounds 3-1 through 3-55 that were made in accordance to the general procedure outlined in Example 3 and by utilizing the appropriate carboxylic acid.
  • Step A Azido(4-(benzyloxy)-2-(lH-pyrazol-l-vnpyrimidin-5-vnmethanone (5-a)
  • Step B The synthesis of the Carbamate/Urea (5-b)
  • Step B(2) De-benzylation(Carbamate/Urea 1)
  • Step B(l) The desired urea or carbamate obtained in Step B(l) was dissolved in THF(lOml) and treated with Pd(OH) 2 (10% amount). The mixture underwent hydrogenation at room temperature and 1 atm (a balloon filled with hydrogen) of hydrogen for 5 hours. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by prep-HPLC to provide the desired product.
  • Table 3 discloses compounds 5-1 through 5-11 that were made in accordance to the general procedure outlined in Example 5 and by utilizing the appropriate urea or carbamate.
  • Step B 4-hvdroxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidine-5-carboxylic acid (10-c)
  • Step C Benzyl 4-hvdroxy-2-(pyridin-2-vDpyrimidin-5-ylcarbamate (10-d)
  • Step D 5-amino-2-(pyridin-2-vDpyrimidin-4-ol (10-e) Benzyl 4-hydroxy-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-5-ylcarbamate (10-d) (lg, 3. lmmol) in methanol (20ml) was hydrogenated under 1 atm of hydrogen in the presence of Pd/C (500mg) overnight. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated to provide the crude product, 10-e (240mg).
  • Step E N-(4-hvdroxy-2-(pyridin-2-vnpyriniidin-5-vn-2,2-diphenylacetamide (10-1)
  • 5-amino-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-ol (10-e) 120mg, 0.64mmol
  • MeCN MeCN
  • HATU 2-amino-2-(pyridin-2-yl)pyrimidin-4-ol
  • Et 3 N 130mg, 1.28mmol
  • 2,2-diphenylacetic acid (135mg, 0.64mmol
  • Table 5 discloses compounds 12-2 and 12-3 that were accordance to the general procedure outlined in Example 13 and by utilizing the appropriate amine.
  • Examples 1 through 13 of the present invention have been found to inhibit the interaction between PHD2 and a HIF peptide and exhibit IC50 values ranging between 0.1 nanomolar to 10 micromolar.
  • assays that may be useful to detect favorable activity are disclosed in the following publications: Oehme, F., et al, Anal. Biochem. 330:74-80 (2004); Hirsila, M, et al, J. Bio. Chem. 278 (33): 30772-30780 (2005); Hyunju, C, et al, Biochem. Biophvs. Res. Comm. 330 (2005) 275-280; and Hewitson, K. S., et al, Methods in Enzymology. (Oxygen Biology and Hypoxia); Elsevier Publisher (2007), pg. 25-42 (ISSN: 0076-6879).
  • the biological activity of the present compounds may be evaluated using assays described herein below:
  • test compound in DMSO and 20 ⁇ of assay buffer (50 mM Tris pH 7.4/0.01% Tween-20/0.1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin/10 ⁇ ferrous sulfate/ 1 mM sodium ascorbate/20 ⁇ g/ml catalase) containing 0.15 ⁇ g/ml FLAG-tagged full length PHD2 expressed in and purified from baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells. After a 30 min preincubation at room temperature, the enzymatic reactions were initiated by the addition of 4 ⁇ ⁇ of substrates (final
  • DLDLEMLAPYIPMDDDFQL (SEQ ID NO: 1)). After 2 hr at room temperature, the reactions were terminated and signals were developed by the addition of a 25 ⁇ ⁇ quench/detection mix to a final concentration of 1 mM ortho-phenanthroline, 0.1 mM EDTA, 0.5 nM anti-(His)6 LANCE reagent (Perkin- Elmer Life Sciences), 100 nM AF647-labeled streptavidin (Invitrogen), and 2 ⁇ g/ml (His)6-VHL complex (S. Tan (2001) Protein Expr. Purif. 21, 224-234). The ratio of time resolved fluorescence signals at 665 and 620 nm was determined, and percent inhibition was calculated relative to an uninhibited control sample run in parallel.
  • Inhibition of the catalytic activity of HIF -PHD 1 and HIF-PHD3 can be determined similarly.
  • Table 6 depicts the inhibition of HIF PHD2 activity expressed as IC 50 (nM), for the exemplified compounds, 1-1, 1-2, 2-1, 3-1 to 3-6, 4-1, and 5-1 of the present invention.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne des pyrimidines substituées utiles comme inhibiteurs de la prolyl hydroxylase HIF pour traiter l'anémie et des états similaires.
PCT/CN2010/071974 2010-04-21 2010-04-21 Pyrimidines substituées WO2011130908A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2010/071974 WO2011130908A1 (fr) 2010-04-21 2010-04-21 Pyrimidines substituées
PCT/US2011/032829 WO2011133444A1 (fr) 2010-04-21 2011-04-18 Pyrimidines substituées
EP11772489.8A EP2560655B1 (fr) 2010-04-21 2011-04-18 Pyrimidines substituées
US13/635,275 US9006433B2 (en) 2010-04-21 2011-04-18 Substituted pyrimidines

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2560655A1 (fr) * 2010-04-21 2013-02-27 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Pyrimidines substituées
WO2016054804A1 (fr) * 2014-10-10 2016-04-14 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Pyrimidines substituées utilisées comme inhibiteurs de la hif prolyl hydroxylase
EP3204385A4 (fr) * 2014-10-10 2018-03-28 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Pyrimidines substituées à utiliser en tant qu'inhibiteurs de hif-prolyl-hydroxylase
CN109232541A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-18 中国医学科学院放射医学研究所 脯氨酰羟化酶与组蛋白去乙酰化酶双重抑制剂及其制备方法和应用

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1942188A (zh) * 2004-02-19 2007-04-04 拜尔农作物科学股份公司 嘧啶衍生物及其作为农业和园艺杀真菌剂的用途
WO2009019656A1 (fr) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-12 Piramal Life Sciences Limited Dérivés de pyridyle, leur préparation et utilisation.
WO2010018458A2 (fr) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Crystalgenomics, Inc. Dérivés de phénol et leurs procédés d'utilisation

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1942188A (zh) * 2004-02-19 2007-04-04 拜尔农作物科学股份公司 嘧啶衍生物及其作为农业和园艺杀真菌剂的用途
WO2009019656A1 (fr) * 2007-08-07 2009-02-12 Piramal Life Sciences Limited Dérivés de pyridyle, leur préparation et utilisation.
WO2010018458A2 (fr) * 2008-08-12 2010-02-18 Crystalgenomics, Inc. Dérivés de phénol et leurs procédés d'utilisation

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP2560655A1 (fr) * 2010-04-21 2013-02-27 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Pyrimidines substituées
EP2560655A4 (fr) * 2010-04-21 2013-09-04 Merck Sharp & Dohme Pyrimidines substituées
WO2016054804A1 (fr) * 2014-10-10 2016-04-14 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Pyrimidines substituées utilisées comme inhibiteurs de la hif prolyl hydroxylase
EP3204385A4 (fr) * 2014-10-10 2018-03-28 Merck Sharp & Dohme Corp. Pyrimidines substituées à utiliser en tant qu'inhibiteurs de hif-prolyl-hydroxylase
CN109232541A (zh) * 2018-09-30 2019-01-18 中国医学科学院放射医学研究所 脯氨酰羟化酶与组蛋白去乙酰化酶双重抑制剂及其制备方法和应用

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