WO2011124786A1 - Supercharged combustion engine and method of regulating the said engine - Google Patents

Supercharged combustion engine and method of regulating the said engine Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011124786A1
WO2011124786A1 PCT/FR2011/000191 FR2011000191W WO2011124786A1 WO 2011124786 A1 WO2011124786 A1 WO 2011124786A1 FR 2011000191 W FR2011000191 W FR 2011000191W WO 2011124786 A1 WO2011124786 A1 WO 2011124786A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
exhaust
compressor
engine
turbine
circuit
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FR2011/000191
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Philippe Lutz
Sébastien Potteau
Original Assignee
Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur filed Critical Valeo Systemes De Controle Moteur
Publication of WO2011124786A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011124786A1/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N5/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy
    • F01N5/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus combined or associated with devices profiting by exhaust energy the devices using kinetic energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B37/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps driven at least for part of the time by exhaust
    • F02B37/12—Control of the pumps
    • F02B37/16—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air
    • F02B37/164—Control of the pumps by bypassing charging air the bypassed air being used in an auxiliary apparatus, e.g. in an air turbine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/02—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being a heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B39/00—Component parts, details, or accessories relating to, driven charging or scavenging pumps, not provided for in groups F02B33/00 - F02B37/00
    • F02B39/02—Drives of pumps; Varying pump drive gear ratio
    • F02B39/12—Drives characterised by use of couplings or clutches therein
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a supercharged engine and a method of controlling said engine.
  • the invention will advantageously be applied in the field of automotive transport for the production of gasoline or diesel engines.
  • the present invention may also be used for the production of supercharged engines in other areas of applications.
  • a compressor In a supercharged engine, a compressor is used to increase the pressure of the gases in the combustion chamber to ensure a better filling of the cylinders with gas and consequently to increase the efficiency of the engine.
  • the compressor is driven by an exhaust turbine which, by relaxing the exhaust gas, recovers its kinetic energy and transmits it via a shaft to the compressor.
  • the engine may comprise a recirculation circuit to reintroduce a portion of these exhaust gases into the compressor with fresh air.
  • turbocharger alternates phases of variable loads of the compressor and the turbine. These large amplitude variations generate knocks increasing the wear of the turbocharger components and reducing the efficiency of the compressor and the turbine.
  • transition from a low load to a high compressor load occurs with a delay and therefore limits the reactivity of the engine acceleration solicitations.
  • the present invention aims to provide an engine whose structure improves the use of the energy contained in the exhaust gas.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a motor whose structure allows a better use of the compressor and the exhaust turbine.
  • the invention relates to a supercharged heat engine comprising a combustion chamber, a gas intake circuit comprising a compressor allowing the introduction of a compressed gas mixture into the chamber and an exhaust circuit comprising a combustion turbine.
  • exhaust system for the relaxation of the exhaust gases and such that, according to the invention, the engine comprises:
  • an additional circuit connected to the compressor and receiving a variable part of the gas flow leaving the compressor, a heat exchanger disposed on the exhaust circuit, for transferring heat from the exhaust gases to the flow of gas flowing in the additional circuit,
  • the invention also relates to a method for regulating a heat engine as mentioned above in which the proportion of flows in the additional circuit is varied as a function of the engine speed.
  • FIG. 1 represents a first schematic embodiment of the motor according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a second schematic embodiment of the engine according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a heat engine 1 with a combustion chamber 2, an intake circuit 3 and an exhaust system 4 of the gases from the combustion chamber 2.
  • a compressor 5 on the intake circuit 3 and an exhaust turbine 6 on the exhaust circuit 4.
  • an air or water cooler 7 for cooling the gas mixture at the outlet of the compressor 5 so as to improve engine efficiency 1.
  • the gas introduced into the compressor 5 is only air, however, in other embodiments, a mixture of gases comprising air and a part of the exhaust gases will also be introduced into the compressor 5. These exhaust gases will be previously passed through the heat exchanger and therefore will be introduced into the compressor 5 with temperatures lower than those of previous devices which allows to further promote the efficiency of combustion in the cylinders.
  • the engine 1 further comprises an additional circuit 8.
  • This additional circuit 8 is connected to the output of the compressor 5. It makes it possible to circulate a variable part of the gas flow leaving the compressor 5. This variable part corresponds an additional amount of air mixture introduced into the compressor 5 with respect to the amount necessary for the supercharging of the engine 1.
  • This variable part of the outgoing flow of the compressor 5 is controlled by regulation means 9 arranged in the additional circuit 8.
  • control means 9 will advantageously be made from a valve 10 controlled by a microprocessor, not shown in the accompanying drawings, or by a metering flap also controlled by a microprocessor.
  • the engine 1 further comprises, according to the invention, a heat exchanger 11.
  • This heat exchanger 11 is disposed between the exhaust circuit 4 and the additional circuit 8 so as to allow the heat transfer of the exhaust gases to the engine. additional air flow circulating in the additional circuit 8.
  • a finned heat exchanger 11 may be used to effect heat transfer, however other types of gas / gas exchangers known to those skilled in the art may also be contemplated.
  • the heat exchanger 11 is arranged so as to recover the heat of the exhaust gases on the portion of the exhaust circuit 4 situated downstream of the exhaust turbine 6.
  • the heat exchanger 11 will be arranged to use the exhaust gas on the portion of the exhaust circuit 4 located between the combustion chamber 2 and the exhaust turbine 6, and therefore to use the exhaust gases at their highest temperature.
  • the engine 1 also comprises, according to the invention, means for producing electrical energy 12.
  • the energy production means 12 comprise a turbine 13 coupled to an electric generator 14.
  • the Applicant has established that the recoverable electric power for a 2L petrol engine was in the range of 600 to 1kW to cover a large part of the total operating needs of the vehicle's electrical system and can also be used for air conditioning. when the vehicle stops.
  • the electric generator 14 will be constituted by an alternator.
  • storage means 16 for the electrical energy are advantageously provided in one or more batteries 17.
  • the turbine 13 of the production means 12 is a turbine specifically dedicated to the additional circuit 8.
  • the power generation means 12 use the exhaust turbine 6 to achieve the expansion of the additional air. This structure therefore allows to save a turbine.
  • disengaging means 15 are provided for coupling / decoupling the turbine with the electric generator 14.
  • the operation of the engine 1 is as follows, the compressor 5 compresses the air entering the intake circuit 3 and transfers a first portion into the combustion chamber 2 via the cooler 7 and a second part in the additional circuit 8. After combustion, the exhaust gases enter the exhaust turbine 6 where they undergo an expansion allowing the displacement of the shaft of the exhaust turbine 6 which is coupled to the compressor 5 and ensuring its operation. The exhaust gases then continue their course and pass through the heat exchanger 11 in which they transmit a portion of their calories to the additional air present in the exchanger 11. The exhaust gases are then discharged through the exhausts of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 2 another embodiment of the engine 1 is illustrated.
  • the operation of the engine 1 of FIG. 2 is similar to that of the first embodiment except that the turbine of FIG. 6 exhaust to achieve the relaxation of additional heated air.
  • the additional air is thus introduced into the exhaust turbine 6 which is coupled to the electric generator 14 via the disengaging means 15 allowing the coupling / decoupling of the turbine 13 with the electric generator 14.
  • the structure of the engine 1 according to one or the other of the two embodiments therefore makes it possible to optimize the energy recovery of the exhaust gases.
  • This motor structure 1 also makes it possible to improve the operation of the various components of the engine. Indeed, in a conventional supercharged engine the operation of the exhaust turbine and the compressor varies greatly between low load phases and large load phases. During low loads a large part of the exhaust gas is discharged via a discharge valve commonly known as "waste trash" limiting the power of the exhaust turbine so as to operate the compressor at low load. In the event of a large supercharging demand, the speeds of the compressor 5 and the exhaust turbine 6 increase with, however, a delay between the demand for acceleration and the speed change due to the revving time of the turbine and the compressor. .
  • the proportion of flows in the additional circuit 8 is varied as a function of the engine speed.
  • regulation makes it possible to increase the proportion of flows in the additional circuit 8 in the event of a reduction in the engine load and conversely to reduce the proportion of air flows in the additional circuit 8 in the event of an increase in the load of the engine 1 so as to limit the compressor load variations .
  • the valve 10 in the case where the load demand of the engine is low, the valve 10 is open so as to increase the additional air flow, in this way, the demand in compression remains high and consequently the speed of the compressor turbine torque remains high. In the case where the load demand of the engine 1 is large, the valve 10 closes so as to reduce or eliminate the additional air flow to pass the entire flow of air from the compressor 5 into the combustion chamber 2.
  • the turbine / compressor torque operates less intermittently since the compressor 5 operates at a lower load to compress the additional air.
  • This operation of the compressor 5 makes it possible, on the one hand, to reduce the delay of the turbocharger in the event of high load demand, since the passage is made directly from an average speed to a high speed, and therefore to increase the reactivity of the engine and on the other hand allows to generally increase the efficiency of the turbine / compressor torque.
  • the operating speed is also less subject to strong variations, the engine bodies are also more preserved than on conventional supercharged engines.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Supercharger (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a supercharged combustion engine and to a method of regulating the said engine, the said engine comprising a combustion chamber (2), a gas intake circuit (3) comprising a compressor (5) allowing a compressed gaseous mixture to be admitted to the combustion chamber (2), and an exhaust circuit (4) comprising an exhaust turbine (6) allowing the exhaust gases to be expanded and such that, according to the invention, the engine comprises: an additional circuit (8), connected to the compressor (5) and receiving a variable proportion of the flow of gas leaving the compressor (5); a heat exchanger (11) positioned in the exhaust circuit (4) for transferring heat from the exhaust gases to the flow of gas circulating through the additional circuit (8); and means of producing electrical energy (12) from the heated gases of the additional circuit (8).

Description

Moteur thermique suralimenté et procédé de régulation dudit  Supercharged heat engine and method for regulating said
moteur  engine
La présente invention concerne un moteur thermique suralimenté ainsi qu'un procédé de régulation dudit moteur. The present invention relates to a supercharged engine and a method of controlling said engine.
L' invention trouvera avantageusement application dans le domaine du transport automobile pour la réalisation de moteurs essences ou diesels. Toutefois la présente invention pourra être également utilisée pour la réalisation de moteurs suralimentés dans d'autres domaines d'applications.  The invention will advantageously be applied in the field of automotive transport for the production of gasoline or diesel engines. However, the present invention may also be used for the production of supercharged engines in other areas of applications.
ARRIERE PLAN DE L'INVENTION  BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Dans un moteur thermique suralimenté on utilise un compresseur pour augmenter la pression des gaz dans la chambre de combustion afin d'assurer un meilleur remplissage des cylindres en gaz et par conséquent d'accroître le rendement du moteur.  In a supercharged engine, a compressor is used to increase the pressure of the gases in the combustion chamber to ensure a better filling of the cylinders with gas and consequently to increase the efficiency of the engine.
Le compresseur est entraîné par une turbine d'échappement qui en détendant les gaz d'échappement récupère leur énergie cinétique et la transmet via un arbre au compresseur.  The compressor is driven by an exhaust turbine which, by relaxing the exhaust gas, recovers its kinetic energy and transmits it via a shaft to the compressor.
Cette technique permet de récupérer une partie de l'énergie des gaz d'échappement, toutefois après leur détente dans la turbine, les gaz conservent une énergie thermique importante puisque la température de ces gaz détendus peut atteindre encore des valeurs élevées de l'ordre de 500 à 800 degrés dans les moteurs suralimentés à essence.  This technique makes it possible to recover a portion of the energy of the exhaust gases, however after their expansion in the turbine, the gases retain a significant thermal energy since the temperature of these expanded gases can still reach high values of the order of magnitude. 500 to 800 degrees in supercharged gasoline engines.
Ces gaz d'échappement ne sont pas exploités sur le plan énergétique même si par ailleurs, de manière notamment à réduire la pollution en oxydes d'azote, le moteur peut comprendre un circuit de recirculation permettant de réintroduire une partie de ces gaz d'échappement dans le compresseur avec de l'air frais. These exhaust gases are not exploited in terms of energy, although, moreover, in particular in order to reduce pollution by nitrogen oxides, the engine may comprise a recirculation circuit to reintroduce a portion of these exhaust gases into the compressor with fresh air.
Ainsi l'énergie thermique de ces gaz n'est pas exploitée, les gaz d'échappement chauds étant directement rejetés dans l'environnement.  Thus the thermal energy of these gases is not exploited, the hot exhaust gas being directly discharged into the environment.
Par ailleurs il faut noter que l'utilisation classique d'un turbocompresseur fait alterner des phases de charges variables du compresseur et de la turbine. Ces variations de grandes amplitudes génèrent des à coups augmentant l'usure des composants du turbocompresseur et réduisant l'efficacité du compresseur et de la turbine. De plus sur les moteurs suralimentés, le passage d'une faible charge à une forte charge du compresseur s'effectue avec un retard et donc limite la réactivité du moteur aux sollicitations en accélération.  Moreover, it should be noted that the conventional use of a turbocharger alternates phases of variable loads of the compressor and the turbine. These large amplitude variations generate knocks increasing the wear of the turbocharger components and reducing the efficiency of the compressor and the turbine. In addition to supercharged engines, the transition from a low load to a high compressor load occurs with a delay and therefore limits the reactivity of the engine acceleration solicitations.
OBJET DE L' INVENTION  OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La présente invention a pour objet de proposer un moteur dont la structure permet d'améliorer l'utilisation de l'énergie contenue dans les gaz d'échappements. Un second objectif de l'invention est de proposer un moteur dont la structure permet une meilleure utilisation du compresseur et de la turbine d' échappement .  The present invention aims to provide an engine whose structure improves the use of the energy contained in the exhaust gas. A second object of the invention is to provide a motor whose structure allows a better use of the compressor and the exhaust turbine.
RESUME DE L' INVENTION  SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A cet effet l'invention concerne un moteur thermique suralimenté comportant une chambre de combustion, un circuit d'admission de gaz comportant un compresseur permettant l'introduction d'un mélange gazeux comprimé dans la chambre et un circuit d' échappement comportant une turbine d'échappement permettant la détente des gaz d'échappement et tel que, selon l'invention le moteur comprend :  To this end, the invention relates to a supercharged heat engine comprising a combustion chamber, a gas intake circuit comprising a compressor allowing the introduction of a compressed gas mixture into the chamber and an exhaust circuit comprising a combustion turbine. exhaust system for the relaxation of the exhaust gases and such that, according to the invention, the engine comprises:
- un circuit additionnel, relié au compresseur et recevant une partie variable du flux de gaz sortant du compresseur, - un échangeur de chaleur, disposé sur le circuit d'échappement, permettant le transfert de chaleur des gaz d'échappement vers le flux de gaz circulant dans le circuit additionnel, an additional circuit, connected to the compressor and receiving a variable part of the gas flow leaving the compressor, a heat exchanger disposed on the exhaust circuit, for transferring heat from the exhaust gases to the flow of gas flowing in the additional circuit,
- des moyens de production d'énergie électrique à partir des gaz chauffés, du circuit additionnel.  means for producing electrical energy from the heated gases, the additional circuit.
L'invention vise également un procédé de régulation d'un moteur thermique tel que précité dans lequel on fait varier la proportion de flux dans le circuit additionnel en fonction du régime du moteur.  The invention also relates to a method for regulating a heat engine as mentioned above in which the proportion of flows in the additional circuit is varied as a function of the engine speed.
BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINS  BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
La présente invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de deux exemples de réalisation en référence aux dessins annexés, fournis à titre d'exemple non limitatif, parmi lesquels :  The present invention will be better understood on reading two exemplary embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings, provided by way of non-limiting example, among which:
- la figure 1 représente un premier exemple schématique de réalisation du moteur conforme à l'invention,  FIG. 1 represents a first schematic embodiment of the motor according to the invention,
- la figure 2 représente un second exemple schématique de réalisation du moteur conforme à l'invention.  - Figure 2 shows a second schematic embodiment of the engine according to the invention.
DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTION  DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
En se reportant principalement à la figure 1 on voit représenté un moteur thermique 1 avec une chambre de combustion 2, un circuit d'admission 3 et un circuit d'échappement 4 des gaz issus de la chambre de combustion 2. Classiquement on retrouve également un compresseur 5 sur le circuit d'admission 3 et une turbine d'échappement 6 sur le circuit d'échappement 4.  Referring mainly to Figure 1 there is shown a heat engine 1 with a combustion chamber 2, an intake circuit 3 and an exhaust system 4 of the gases from the combustion chamber 2. Classically also found a compressor 5 on the intake circuit 3 and an exhaust turbine 6 on the exhaust circuit 4.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux on retrouve également sur le circuit d'admission 3 entre le compresseur 5 et la chambre de combustion 2 un refroidisseur 7 à air ou à eau permettant de refroidir le mélange de gaz en sortie de compresseur 5 de manière à améliorer le rendement du moteur 1.  According to an advantageous embodiment, there is also on the intake circuit 3 between the compressor 5 and the combustion chamber 2 an air or water cooler 7 for cooling the gas mixture at the outlet of the compressor 5 so as to improve engine efficiency 1.
Dans les exemples des figures 1 et 2, le gaz introduit dans le compresseur 5 est uniquement de l'air, toutefois dans d'autres modes de réalisation on introduira également dans le compresseur 5 un mélange de gaz comportant de l'air et une partie des gaz d'échappement. Ces gaz d'échappement seront préalablement passés dans l' échangeur de chaleur et par conséquent seront introduits dans le compresseur 5 avec des températures inférieures à celles des dispositifs antérieurs ce qui permet de favoriser la encore l'efficacité de la combustion dans les cylindres. In the examples of FIGS. 1 and 2, the gas introduced into the compressor 5 is only air, however, in other embodiments, a mixture of gases comprising air and a part of the exhaust gases will also be introduced into the compressor 5. These exhaust gases will be previously passed through the heat exchanger and therefore will be introduced into the compressor 5 with temperatures lower than those of previous devices which allows to further promote the efficiency of combustion in the cylinders.
Selon l'invention, le moteur 1 comporte en outre un circuit additionnel 8. Ce circuit additionnel 8 est relié à la sortie du compresseur 5. Il permet de faire circuler une partie variable du flux de gaz sortant du compresseur 5. Cette partie variable correspond à une quantité additionnelle de mélange d'air introduit dans le compresseur 5 par rapport à la quantité nécessaire à la suralimentation du moteur 1.  According to the invention, the engine 1 further comprises an additional circuit 8. This additional circuit 8 is connected to the output of the compressor 5. It makes it possible to circulate a variable part of the gas flow leaving the compressor 5. This variable part corresponds an additional amount of air mixture introduced into the compressor 5 with respect to the amount necessary for the supercharging of the engine 1.
Cette partie variable du flux sortant du compresseur 5 est contrôlée par des moyens de régulation 9 disposés dans le circuit additionnel 8.  This variable part of the outgoing flow of the compressor 5 is controlled by regulation means 9 arranged in the additional circuit 8.
A cette fin ces moyens de régulation 9 seront avantageusement réalisés à partir d'une vanne 10 pilotée par un microprocesseur, non représenté dans les dessins annexés, ou encore par un volet doseur également piloté par un microprocesseur.  For this purpose these control means 9 will advantageously be made from a valve 10 controlled by a microprocessor, not shown in the accompanying drawings, or by a metering flap also controlled by a microprocessor.
Le moteur 1 comporte en outre selon l'invention un échangeur de chaleur 11. Cet échangeur de chaleur 11 est disposé entre le circuit d'échappement 4 et le circuit additionnel 8 de manière à permettre le transfert de chaleur des gaz d'échappement vers le flux d'air additionnel circulant dans le circuit additionnel 8.  The engine 1 further comprises, according to the invention, a heat exchanger 11. This heat exchanger 11 is disposed between the exhaust circuit 4 and the additional circuit 8 so as to allow the heat transfer of the exhaust gases to the engine. additional air flow circulating in the additional circuit 8.
On pourra utiliser un échangeur de chaleur 11 à ailettes pour réaliser le transfert de chaleur, toutefois d'autres types d' échangeurs gaz/gaz, connus de l'homme du métier peuvent également être envisagés. Avantageusement l'échangeur de chaleur 11 est disposé de manière à récupérer la chaleur des gaz d'échappement sur la portion du circuit d'échappement 4 située en aval de la turbine d'échappement 6. A finned heat exchanger 11 may be used to effect heat transfer, however other types of gas / gas exchangers known to those skilled in the art may also be contemplated. Advantageously, the heat exchanger 11 is arranged so as to recover the heat of the exhaust gases on the portion of the exhaust circuit 4 situated downstream of the exhaust turbine 6.
Cela étant, dans une variante de réalisation l'échangeur de chaleur 11 sera disposé de manière à utiliser les gaz d'échappement sur la portion du circuit d'échappement 4 située entre la chambre de combustion 2 et la turbine d'échappement 6, et par conséquent d'utiliser les gaz d'échappement à leur température la plus haute .  That being so, in an alternative embodiment the heat exchanger 11 will be arranged to use the exhaust gas on the portion of the exhaust circuit 4 located between the combustion chamber 2 and the exhaust turbine 6, and therefore to use the exhaust gases at their highest temperature.
Le moteur 1 comporte également, selon 1' invention, des moyens de production d' énergie électrique 12.  The engine 1 also comprises, according to the invention, means for producing electrical energy 12.
Ces moyens de production d'énergie 12 permettent de récupérer l'énergie emmagasinée par l'air additionnel après compression dans le compresseur 5 et chauffage à travers l'échangeur de chaleur 11.  These energy production means 12 make it possible to recover the energy stored by the additional air after compression in the compressor 5 and heating through the heat exchanger 11.
A cet effet les moyens de production d'énergie 12 comportent une turbine 13 couplée à un générateur électrique 14.  For this purpose, the energy production means 12 comprise a turbine 13 coupled to an electric generator 14.
La demanderesse a établie que la puissance électrique récupérable pour un moteur 2L essence était de l'ordre de 600 à lkW permettant de couvrir une grande partie voir la totalité des besoins de fonctionnement du réseau de bord du véhicule et peut également être utilisé pour la climatisation à l'arrêt du véhicule.  The Applicant has established that the recoverable electric power for a 2L petrol engine was in the range of 600 to 1kW to cover a large part of the total operating needs of the vehicle's electrical system and can also be used for air conditioning. when the vehicle stops.
Avantageusement le générateur électrique 14 sera constitué par un alternateur.  Advantageously, the electric generator 14 will be constituted by an alternator.
De manière à stocker l'énergie produite par les moyens de production d'énergie 12 on prévoit des moyens de stockage 16 de l'énergie électrique avantageusement dans une ou plusieurs batteries 17.  In order to store the energy produced by the power generation means 12, storage means 16 for the electrical energy are advantageously provided in one or more batteries 17.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 1, la turbine 13 des moyens de production 12 est une turbine spécifiquement dédiée au circuit additionnel 8. In the example of FIG. 1, the turbine 13 of the production means 12 is a turbine specifically dedicated to the additional circuit 8.
Dans l'exemple de la figure 2, les moyens de production d'énergie 12 utilisent la turbine d'échappement 6 pour réaliser la détente de l'air additionnel. Cette structure permet par conséquent de faire l'économie d'une turbine. Dans ce mode de réalisation on prévoit des moyens de débrayage 15 permettant le couplage/découplage de la turbine avec le générateur électrique 14.  In the example of Figure 2, the power generation means 12 use the exhaust turbine 6 to achieve the expansion of the additional air. This structure therefore allows to save a turbine. In this embodiment, disengaging means 15 are provided for coupling / decoupling the turbine with the electric generator 14.
En se reportant à la figure 1, le fonctionnement du moteur 1 est le suivant, le compresseur 5 vient compresser l'air entrant dans le circuit d'admission 3 et en transfère une première partie dans la chambre de combustion 2 via le refroidisseur 7 et une seconde partie dans le circuit additionnel 8. Après combustion, les gaz d'échappements entrent dans la turbine d'échappement 6 où ils subissent une détente permettant le déplacement de l'arbre de la turbine d'échappement 6 auquel est couplé le compresseur 5 et assurant son fonctionnement. Les gaz d'échappement poursuivent ensuite leur parcours et traversent l'échangeur de chaleur 11 dans lequel ils transmettent une partie de leurs calories à l'air additionnel présent dans l'échangeur 11. Les gaz d'échappement sont ensuite évacués par les échappements du véhicule.  Referring to Figure 1, the operation of the engine 1 is as follows, the compressor 5 compresses the air entering the intake circuit 3 and transfers a first portion into the combustion chamber 2 via the cooler 7 and a second part in the additional circuit 8. After combustion, the exhaust gases enter the exhaust turbine 6 where they undergo an expansion allowing the displacement of the shaft of the exhaust turbine 6 which is coupled to the compressor 5 and ensuring its operation. The exhaust gases then continue their course and pass through the heat exchanger 11 in which they transmit a portion of their calories to the additional air present in the exchanger 11. The exhaust gases are then discharged through the exhausts of the vehicle.
L'air additionnel, chauffé par le transfert de chaleur opéré dans l'échangeur de chaleur 11, est ensuite détendu dans la turbine 13 des moyens de production d'énergie 12 puis évacué vers l'extérieur du véhicule par une conduite 18. Le générateur électrique 14, réalisé dans les exemples des figures 1 et 2 sous la forme d'un alternateur transforme l'énergie mécanique transmise par l'arbre de la turbine 13 en énergie électrique, cette dernière, en fonction des besoins pouvant être consommée directement ou stockée dans la batterie 17. En se reportant cette fois à la figure 2 on voit illustré un autre mode de réalisation du moteur 1. Le fonctionnement du moteur 1 de la figure 2 est similaire à celui du premier mode de réalisation sauf en ce que l'on utilise la turbine d'échappement 6 pour réaliser la détente de l'air additionnel chauffé. Dans cet exemple l'air additionnel est ainsi introduit dans la turbine d'échappement 6 qui est couplée au générateur électrique 14 via les moyens de débrayage 15 permettant le couplage/découplage de la turbine 13 avec le générateur électrique 14. The additional air, heated by the heat transfer operated in the heat exchanger 11, is then expanded in the turbine 13 of the power generation means 12 and then discharged to the outside of the vehicle via a pipe 18. The generator 14, made in the examples of Figures 1 and 2 in the form of an alternator transforms the mechanical energy transmitted by the shaft of the turbine 13 into electrical energy, the latter, depending on the needs can be consumed directly or stored in the battery 17. Referring now to FIG. 2, another embodiment of the engine 1 is illustrated. The operation of the engine 1 of FIG. 2 is similar to that of the first embodiment except that the turbine of FIG. 6 exhaust to achieve the relaxation of additional heated air. In this example, the additional air is thus introduced into the exhaust turbine 6 which is coupled to the electric generator 14 via the disengaging means 15 allowing the coupling / decoupling of the turbine 13 with the electric generator 14.
La structure du moteur 1 selon l'un ou l'autre des deux modes de réalisation permet par conséquent d'optimiser la récupération d'énergie des gaz d'échappement.  The structure of the engine 1 according to one or the other of the two embodiments therefore makes it possible to optimize the energy recovery of the exhaust gases.
Cette structure de moteur 1 permet en outre d'améliorer le fonctionnement des différents organes du moteur. En effet, dans un moteur suralimenté classique le fonctionnement de la turbine d'échappement et du compresseur varie fortement entre des phases de charges faibles à des phases de charge importante. Lors des charges faibles une partie importante des gaz d' échappement est évacuée via une soupape de décharge communément appelée « waste gâte » limitant la puissance de la turbine d'échappement de manière à faire fonctionner le compresseur à faible charge. En cas de demande de suralimentation importante, les régimes du compresseur 5 et de la turbine d'échappement 6 augmentent avec toutefois un retard entre la demande d' accélération et le changement de régime du au temps de montée en régime de la turbine et du compresseur.  This motor structure 1 also makes it possible to improve the operation of the various components of the engine. Indeed, in a conventional supercharged engine the operation of the exhaust turbine and the compressor varies greatly between low load phases and large load phases. During low loads a large part of the exhaust gas is discharged via a discharge valve commonly known as "waste trash" limiting the power of the exhaust turbine so as to operate the compressor at low load. In the event of a large supercharging demand, the speeds of the compressor 5 and the exhaust turbine 6 increase with, however, a delay between the demand for acceleration and the speed change due to the revving time of the turbine and the compressor. .
Dans la présente invention, on fait varier la proportion de flux dans le circuit additionnel 8 en fonction du régime du moteur. De manière avantageuse, la régulation permet d'augmenter la proportion de flux dans le circuit additionnel 8 en cas de diminution de la charge du moteur et inversement de diminuer la proportion de flux d'air dans le circuit additionnel 8 en cas d'augmentation de la charge du moteur 1 de manière à limiter les variations de charge du compresseur. In the present invention, the proportion of flows in the additional circuit 8 is varied as a function of the engine speed. Advantageously, regulation makes it possible to increase the proportion of flows in the additional circuit 8 in the event of a reduction in the engine load and conversely to reduce the proportion of air flows in the additional circuit 8 in the event of an increase in the load of the engine 1 so as to limit the compressor load variations .
Ainsi, dans le cas où la demande de charge du moteur est faible, la vanne 10 est ouverte de manière à augmenter le flux d'air additionnel, de cette manière, la demande en compression reste importante et par conséquent le régime du couple turbine compresseur reste élevé. Dans le cas où la demande de charge du moteur 1 est importante, la vanne 10 se ferme de manière à réduire ou supprimer le flux d'air additionnel permettant de passer la totalité du flux d' air issue du compresseur 5 dans la chambre de combustion 2.  Thus, in the case where the load demand of the engine is low, the valve 10 is open so as to increase the additional air flow, in this way, the demand in compression remains high and consequently the speed of the compressor turbine torque remains high. In the case where the load demand of the engine 1 is large, the valve 10 closes so as to reduce or eliminate the additional air flow to pass the entire flow of air from the compressor 5 into the combustion chamber 2.
Ainsi, cette régulation avantageuse du flux d'air additionnel permet de ne pas avoir à surdimensionner la turbine d'échappement 6 par rapport aux turbines classiquement utilisées, la turbine d'échappement 6 ne travaillant pour la compression de l'air additionnel que lors des périodes de faibles et moyennes charges.  Thus, this advantageous regulation of the additional air flow makes it possible not to have to oversize the exhaust turbine 6 with respect to the turbines conventionally used, the exhaust turbine 6 only working for the compression of the additional air during the periods of low and medium loads.
De plus le couple turbine/compresseur fonctionne moins par à coups puisque le compresseur 5 fonctionne plus à faible charge pour compresser l'air additionnel. Ce fonctionnement du compresseur 5 permet d'une part de réduire le retard du turbocompresseur en cas de demande de forte charge, puisque le passage se fait directement d'un régime moyen à un régime élevé, et donc d'augmenter la réactivité du moteur et d'autre part permet d'augmenter de manière générale le rendement du couple turbine/compresseur. Le régime de fonctionnement étant en outre moins sujet aux fortes variations, les organes du moteur sont également plus préservés que sur les moteurs suralimentés classiques.  In addition, the turbine / compressor torque operates less intermittently since the compressor 5 operates at a lower load to compress the additional air. This operation of the compressor 5 makes it possible, on the one hand, to reduce the delay of the turbocharger in the event of high load demand, since the passage is made directly from an average speed to a high speed, and therefore to increase the reactivity of the engine and on the other hand allows to generally increase the efficiency of the turbine / compressor torque. The operating speed is also less subject to strong variations, the engine bodies are also more preserved than on conventional supercharged engines.
D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention auraient également pu être envisagées sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention définie par les revendications ci- après. Notamment, à titre d'exemples d'autres modes de régulation du moteur 1 sont également envisageables par exemple en fonction de la quantité d'énergie stockée dans les batteries 17 ou encore du besoin en consommation électrique du réseau de bord. Other features of the invention would have could also be envisaged without departing from the scope of the invention defined by the claims below. In particular, by way of examples of other modes of regulation of the engine 1 can also be envisaged for example as a function of the quantity of energy stored in the batteries 17 or the need for electrical consumption of the on-board electrical system.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Moteur thermique suralimenté comportant une chambre de combustion (2), un circuit d'admission de gaz (3) comportant un compresseur (5) permettant l'introduction d'un mélange gazeux comprimé dans la chambre de combustion (2) et un circuit d'échappement (4) comportant une turbine d'échappement (6) permettant la détente des gaz d'échappement caractérisé en ce que le moteur comprend : A supercharged heat engine having a combustion chamber (2), a gas intake circuit (3) having a compressor (5) for introducing a compressed gas mixture into the combustion chamber (2) and a exhaust circuit (4) comprising an exhaust turbine (6) for the expansion of the exhaust gases characterized in that the engine comprises:
un circuit additionnel (8), relié au compresseur (5) et recevant une partie variable du flux de gaz sortant du compresseur (5) ,  an additional circuit (8), connected to the compressor (5) and receiving a variable portion of the gas flow leaving the compressor (5),
- un échangeur de chaleur (11) , disposé sur le circuit d'échappement (4), permettant le transfert de chaleur des gaz d'échappement vers le flux de gaz circulant dans le circuit additionnel (8) ,  - a heat exchanger (11), disposed on the exhaust circuit (4), for the heat transfer of the exhaust gas to the flow of gas flowing in the additional circuit (8),
- des moyens de production d'énergie électrique (12) à partir des gaz chauffés, du circuit additionnel (8) .  means for producing electrical energy (12) from the heated gases, the additional circuit (8).
2. Moteur thermique selon la revendication 1 dans lequel les moyens de production d'électricité (12) comportent une turbine (13) couplée à un générateur électrique ( 14 ) .  2. The thermal engine of claim 1 wherein the power generation means (12) comprise a turbine (13) coupled to an electric generator (14).
3. Moteur thermique selon la revendication 2 dans lequel le générateur électrique (14) est un alternateur relié directement à l'arbre de la turbine (13).  3. Thermal engine according to claim 2 wherein the electric generator (14) is an alternator connected directly to the shaft of the turbine (13).
4. Moteur thermique selon l'une ou l'autre des revendications 2 et 3 dans lequel on utilise la turbine d'échappement (6) pour la production d'énergie électrique, ladite turbine d'échappement (6) comportant des moyens de débrayage (15) permettant le couplage/découplage de la turbine (6) avec le générateur électrique ( 1 ) .  4. Thermal engine according to either of claims 2 and 3 wherein the exhaust turbine (6) for the production of electrical energy is used, said exhaust turbine (6) comprising disengaging means. (15) allowing the coupling / decoupling of the turbine (6) with the electric generator (1).
5. Moteur thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel le circuit additionnel (8) comporte, en sortie de compresseur (5) , des moyens de régulation (9) de la quantité de flux de gaz circulant dans le circuit additionnel (8) . 5. Thermal engine according to any one of preceding claims wherein the additional circuit (8) comprises, at the output of the compressor (5), means (9) for regulating the amount of gas flow flowing in the additional circuit (8).
6. Moteur thermique selon la revendication 5 dans lequel les moyens de régulation (9) sont réalisés par une vanne (10) pilotée par un microprocesseur.  6. Thermal engine according to claim 5 wherein the control means (9) are formed by a valve (10) controlled by a microprocessor.
7. Moteur thermique selon la revendication 6 dans lequel les moyens de régulation (9) sont réalisés par un volet doseur piloté par un microprocesseur.  7. Heat engine according to claim 6 wherein the regulating means (9) are formed by a metering flap controlled by a microprocessor.
8. Moteur thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans l'échangeur de chaleur (11) est disposé de manière à utiliser les gaz d'échappement sur la portion du circuit d'échappement (4) située entre la chambre de combustion (2) et la turbine d'échappement (6).  The heat engine according to any one of the preceding claims in the heat exchanger (11) is arranged to use the exhaust gas on the portion of the exhaust system (4) located between the combustion chamber ( 2) and the exhaust turbine (6).
9. Moteur thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7 dans lequel l'échangeur de chaleur (11) est disposé de manière à récupérer la chaleur des gaz d'échappement sur la portion du circuit d'échappement (4) située en aval de la turbine d'échappement (6).  9. Heat engine according to any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the heat exchanger (11) is arranged to recover the heat of the exhaust gas on the portion of the exhaust system (4) located in downstream of the exhaust turbine (6).
10. Moteur thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel les moyens de production d'énergie électrique (12) sont reliés à des moyens de stockage (16) .  10. Heat engine according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the electric power generating means (12) are connected to storage means (16).
11. Procédé de régulation d'un moteur thermique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes dans lequel on fait varier la proportion de flux de gaz entrant dans le circuit additionnel (8) en fonction du régime du moteur.  11. A method of controlling a heat engine according to any one of the preceding claims wherein the proportion of gas flow entering the additional circuit (8) is varied according to the engine speed.
12. Procédé de régulation selon la revendication 10 dans lequel la proportion de flux dans le circuit additionnel (8) augmente en cas de diminution de la charge du moteur et inversement de manière à limiter les variations de charge du compresseur (5) .  12. Control method according to claim 10 wherein the proportion of flows in the additional circuit (8) increases in the event of a decrease in the engine load and vice versa so as to limit the load variations of the compressor (5).
PCT/FR2011/000191 2010-03-30 2011-03-30 Supercharged combustion engine and method of regulating the said engine WO2011124786A1 (en)

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FR1052349A FR2958325B1 (en) 2010-03-30 2010-03-30 SUPERHEATING THERMAL MOTOR AND METHOD OF CONTROLLING THE SAME
FR1052349 2010-03-30

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FR3014947B1 (en) * 2013-12-13 2017-12-29 Renault Sas INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE EXHAUST LINE AND INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE COMPRISING SUCH AN EXHAUST LINE

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DE19637571A1 (en) * 1996-09-14 1998-03-19 Deutz Ag Internal combustion engine with crankcase and at least one cylinder unit
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FR2958325B1 (en) 2013-10-18

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