WO2011124025A1 - 信道状态信息反馈方法和系统 - Google Patents

信道状态信息反馈方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011124025A1
WO2011124025A1 PCT/CN2010/071597 CN2010071597W WO2011124025A1 WO 2011124025 A1 WO2011124025 A1 WO 2011124025A1 CN 2010071597 W CN2010071597 W CN 2010071597W WO 2011124025 A1 WO2011124025 A1 WO 2011124025A1
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Prior art keywords
codebook
layered
layer
codewords
generating
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PCT/CN2010/071597
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
杨红卫
吕荻
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上海贝尔股份有限公司
阿尔卡特朗讯
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Priority to CN201080062508.4A priority Critical patent/CN102742204B/zh
Priority to KR1020127029128A priority patent/KR101481391B1/ko
Priority to JP2013502982A priority patent/JP5551823B2/ja
Priority to US13/639,227 priority patent/US8792571B2/en
Priority to PCT/CN2010/071597 priority patent/WO2011124025A1/zh
Priority to BR112012025324A priority patent/BR112012025324A2/pt
Priority to EP10849262.0A priority patent/EP2557723B1/en
Publication of WO2011124025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011124025A1/zh

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Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
    • H04B7/0626Channel coefficients, e.g. channel state information [CSI]
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/0413MIMO systems
    • H04B7/0417Feedback systems
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0621Feedback content
    • H04B7/0623Auxiliary parameters, e.g. power control [PCB] or not acknowledged commands [NACK], used as feedback information
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04BTRANSMISSION
    • H04B7/00Radio transmission systems, i.e. using radiation field
    • H04B7/02Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas
    • H04B7/04Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas
    • H04B7/06Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station
    • H04B7/0613Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission
    • H04B7/0615Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal
    • H04B7/0619Diversity systems; Multi-antenna system, i.e. transmission or reception using multiple antennas using two or more spaced independent antennas at the transmitting station using simultaneous transmission of weighted versions of same signal using feedback from receiving side
    • H04B7/0636Feedback format
    • H04B7/0639Using selective indices, e.g. of a codebook, e.g. pre-distortion matrix index [PMI] or for beam selection
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H04ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04LTRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L25/00Baseband systems
    • H04L25/02Details ; arrangements for supplying electrical power along data transmission lines
    • H04L25/03Shaping networks in transmitter or receiver, e.g. adaptive shaping networks
    • H04L25/03891Spatial equalizers
    • H04L25/03898Spatial equalizers codebook-based design

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to improvement of channel feedback in MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) technology, and in particular to an improvement of a codebook generation method for channel feedback in MIMO technology and a related PMI (Precoding Matrix Indicator) feedback signaling mechanism.
  • MIMO Multiple Input Multiple Output
  • PMI Precoding Matrix Indicator
  • MIMO is a well-known and important technology in today's wireless systems. It creates multiple spatial channels by providing multiple transmitting and receiving antennas at the transmitting end and the receiving end, thereby improving the capacity of the uplink and downlink channels and further improving the transmission of wireless signals. .
  • channel state information needs to be obtained at the transmitting end in order to achieve spatial multiplexing.
  • FDD Frequency Division Multiplexing
  • the acquisition of such channel state information by the base station (eNB) must depend on feedback from the user terminal (UE) side. It has been recognized that the accuracy of the quantization and feedback of channels from the user terminal side should be improved to enhance the downlink MIMO technology of LTE-A.
  • the basic idea of the hierarchical feedback method is that if the channel is changed slowly enough, the mobile channel direction indication (CDI) feedback can be accumulated over multiple feedback time intervals in order to index a larger codebook with the accumulated bits.
  • CDI mobile channel direction indication
  • a larger codebook means more accurate description of the MIMO channel state, which is certainly more helpful for more optimized precoding at the base station side to improve system performance such as resource utilization, data throughput, etc. .
  • the binary process generated by the layered codebook can be represented by a hierarchical binary tree, and the codeword of the iH codebook on the i-th layer has elements.
  • the generated process arranges the codewords into the structure of the hierarchical codeword tree. It can be understood that, for the hierarchical feedback described above, by accumulating feedback bits over a plurality of time intervals, the codeword indexed by the feedback on a given time interval is usually the associated node of the codeword indexed by the feedback on the previous time interval. .
  • the maximum number of bits B of the layered codebook tree is the largest, and the codewords in the codebook can be generated in the hierarchical tree structure as shown in FIG. 1 by the following steps:
  • the total number of codewords in this layer is 2 L , including M orthogonal unit modulo vectors derived from the DFT (Discrete Fourier Transform) codebook, where M is the number of transmit antennas ;
  • DFT Discrete Fourier Transform
  • the optimal codebook is calculated using, for example, the LBG algorithm, each subset has 2 vectors, and each subset is further divided into two subsets.
  • Figure 1 shows a hierarchical tree (binary tree) structure representing the codeword arrangement of a layered codebook.
  • Each dashed line in the figure represents a layer, and the point where the solid line intersects the dashed line represents the code word on the layer.
  • the first layer There are two codewords, there are four codewords on the second layer, the third layer has eight yards words, having 2 L L codewords on the first layer, and so on. From the binary tree in the figure, you can visually see the hierarchical division of the layered codebook space.
  • an improved channel state information feedback scheme including an improved hierarchical codebook generation method, such that the generated codebook not only inherits good existing codebook attributes, but also has a layered code.
  • the benefit of this is to improve channel feedback accuracy; accordingly, an improved feedback signaling mechanism is also included to provide subsequent application of the codebook to obtain a layered feedback scheme supported by LTE R10. Summary of the invention
  • a first aspect of the present invention provides a method of channel state information feedback using a layered codebook.
  • the method of understanding includes the steps:
  • the step of generating the layered codebook in the above method further comprises the following steps:
  • each layer codeword in the layered codebook i) dividing each layer codeword in the layered codebook to be generated into a plurality of segments according to the basic codebook; ii) generating each layer of codewords of the first segment, wherein each layer of codewords is selected from the basic codebook; as well as
  • each layer codeword is selected from a matrix of training samples provided in advance.
  • the step of feeding back channel state information from the receiving end to the forcing transmitting end based on the layered codebook in the above method further comprises the following steps:
  • the first and second bits of the feedback bits are used to represent the signaling of the tree search for the layered codebook.
  • a second aspect of the present invention provides a system for channel state information feedback using a layered codebook.
  • the system includes: Means for generating a layered codebook;
  • the apparatus for generating a layered codebook in the above system further comprises: i) means for dividing each layer codeword in the layered codebook to be generated into a plurality of segments according to the basic codebook;
  • Ii means for generating each layer of codewords of the first segment, wherein each layer of codewords is selected from the group consisting of: a basic codebook;
  • Iii) means for generating layers of code words for other segments, wherein each layer of codewords is selected from a matrix of training samples provided in advance.
  • the apparatus for feeding back channel state information from the receiving end to the transmitting end based on the layered codebook further includes:
  • the means for using the 1st and 2nd bits of the feedback bit for signaling indicating a tree search of the layered codebook is not limited.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides a computer program product.
  • the computer program product comprises a computer usable medium storing computer program instructions, wherein the computer program instructions, when run on a computing device, cause the computing device to implement the method described above.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides a communication system.
  • the communication system includes the above-described system for channel state information feedback using a layered codebook.
  • FIG. 3 is a flow chart showing a method of generating a hierarchical layered codebook according to the present invention
  • FIG. 4 is a flow chart showing a method of channel state information feedback according to the present invention
  • Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a MIMO communication system in which the channel state information feedback method of the present invention can be implemented. detailed description
  • the channel state information feedback method proposed by the present invention is improved from two aspects of codebook generation and signaling feedback.
  • constraints are generated for separate segment pre-defined codebooks, respectively.
  • the first segment of the codeword in the layered codeword tree is generated to satisfy certain generation constraints, such as good codebook attributes: constant modulus, ⁇ matrix property, nested structure, and finite symbols;
  • the other segments of the codeword in the layer codeword tree are generated to give other generation constraints, such as an optimal performance gain.
  • PMI feedback methods used at multiple feedback time intervals should be carefully designed to take advantage of the different codebook attributes in each stage.
  • the layered codebook is generated in sections by the following steps.
  • the generation constraints for the two segments are predefined.
  • the goal of the first paragraph is good codebook attributes and backward compatibility
  • the goal of the second paragraph is the optimization of performance gain. It should be understood that, depending on the specific performance requirements, the codebook to be generated may be divided into more segments, and different codebook generation constraints are predefined for different segments.
  • the codebook generation is divided into two segments, with layers 1-4 being the first segment and layers 5-12 being the second segment.
  • Table 1 4Tx and rank 1 LTE R8 codebook a) At the i 1 layer, select a codeword pair ⁇ v 2 ⁇ as the first layer from the codebook ⁇ u k ⁇ in Table 1 based on some performance metric Two codewords in .
  • the performance metrics are, for example, capacity maximization, minimum mean square error (MMSE), minimum distance, maximum signal to noise ratio, maximum signal to interference and noise ratio, maximum signal to interference ratio, and the like.
  • MMSE minimum mean square error
  • the LBG algorithm refers to an algorithm that approximates an optimal codebook by training a vector set and a certain iterative algorithm. It should be noted that if the LBG algorithm is used, a certain number of channel matrix training samples should be given in advance.
  • step b) Calculate the partitioning area of the training sample relative to each codeword selected in step a) and obtain 2 subsets of the training samples.
  • the codewords are all selected from the LTER8 codebook, Ten on the above mentioned M. Trivellato, F. Boccardi and H. Huang, "On transceiver design and channel quantization for downlink multiuser MIMO systems with limited feedback" (IEEE Journal on selected Areas in communications, Vol.26, no. 8, the layered codebook in October), the resulting codebook may not be optimal, because the codeword is not arbitrarily chosen according to the performance objectives to be pursued, and the scope of its choice is limited.
  • a basic codebook ie the codebook of LTE R8.
  • the result of this is that the resulting codebook is compatible with the LTE R8 codebook, and thus has good codebook attributes such as constant modulus, ⁇ matrix characteristics, nested structure, and finite symbols.
  • codebook generation constraints such as good codebook properties such as constant modulo, ⁇ matrix properties, finite symbols, etc.
  • the optimal codeword is selected in a larger codebook space.
  • the other layers of the codebook are generated based, at least in part, on the hierarchical codebook generation method of the prior art described above, so that the obtained codebook has the advantage of enhanced feedback accuracy of the layered codebook.
  • the segmented layered codebook generation method according to the present invention achieves the best compromise between the advantages of the layered codebook and the compatibility with the LTE R8 codebook. At this stage, such a generation scheme is undoubtedly more Practical and more preferred.
  • codebook generation with a tree structure can be used for time-dependent MIMO channels to substantially reduce feedback overhead. That is, using a hierarchical tree structure to generate a codebook, a system for a terminal with low speed movement can improve system swallowing with a given number of feedback bits. The amount of spit.
  • the transmitting end obtains channel state feedback by using a limited (limited bandwidth) feedback bit of a set of precoding vectors included in the index pre-defined codebook from the receiving end.
  • the present invention also provides flexible feedback signaling generation to make full use of redundant signaling bits for PMI data transmission.
  • This modification not only improves the performance of hierarchical feedback due to improved allocation of signaling bits and the format of signaling, but also makes full use of the different codebooks in the segmented hierarchical codebook structure introduced in the first part. Attributes.
  • the base station and the user terminal share the quantized reconstructed vector - 1), represented by a binary word of variable length.
  • time interval n the user terminal uses a linear or tree
  • the best codeword searched to select the B most bits is used for the current channel matrix.
  • the first bit of the binary representation of the ") is compared.
  • There are three cases of comparison results, which correspond to the match between the two sequences (down case), partial match (upward case 1), and mismatch (upward case 2).
  • the format of the feedback bits is defined as follows: Let ⁇ ") be the B-bit binary word that the user terminal feeds back at time interval n.
  • the first or second bit or f ») is used for signaling and is defined in Table 2.
  • Signaling format As shown in the table, signaling is indicated only when "" ⁇ l, otherwise it is the data of the index codeword.
  • the second bit is used to represent two cases, and the other is to update the previous feedback by ⁇ -2 bits, that is, Feedback back to the location of the associated codeword
  • the first and second bits of the feedback bit are used to search for the signalling representation of the best codeword on the binary tree of the layered codebook.
  • the two signaling bits can be utilized to represent the matching relationship between the bit sequences fed back and forth. For example, taking a six-layer binary tree and feeding back 3 bits per time interval as an example. Starting from the current fourth layer codeword 0001, all codewords of the previous layer or layers and the following codeword of the next codeword 0001 are candidate codewords for the next time interval.
  • ⁇ 0000 is the best codeword, it is represented by feedback 100, where the first bit represents Perform an upward search on the binary tree, the second bit indicates that the feedback bit is used to update the codeword of the previous time interval, and the third bit is used to update the last bit of the previous time interval codeword, indicating that the 0001 same layer code Word; if 0010 is the best codeword, it is represented by feedback 1 10, where the first bit indicates an upward search on the binary tree, and the second bit indicates that the feedback bit is used to replace the code of the previous time interval.
  • the third bit is used to replace the previous time code word; if 0001 10 is the best code word, it is represented by feedback 010, where the first bit represents a downward search on the binary tree, the second sum The third bit 10 represents the selected codeword in the candidate codeword in the next layer.
  • step S301 the generation process begins.
  • step S302 the codebook generation is divided into a plurality of segments, and a constraint is generated for each segment of the predefined codebook.
  • the generation constraint that needs to be satisfied is a well-inherited codebook attribute and backward compatibility with the base codebook.
  • the generation constraint that needs to be met is that there is an optimized performance gain.
  • the basic codebook is an LTE R8 codebook.
  • a codebook codeword of the first segment is generated.
  • the first segment needs to generate a codebook codeword of the fourth layer.
  • the optimal codeword of each layer is selected from the basic codebook LTE R8 4TX codebook ⁇ u k ⁇ to ensure backward compatibility with the LTE R8 codebook.
  • step S304 a codebook codeword of the second segment is generated. As described above, the remaining layers 5-12 are generated, wherein the optimal codeword for each layer is selected based on a matrix of all training samples specified in advance.
  • codewords for each layer may be selected from the base codebook or training samples based on a particular performance metric.
  • specific performance metrics include, but are not limited to, capacity maximization, minimum mean square error, minimum distance, maximum signal to noise ratio, maximum signal to interference and noise ratio, maximum signal to interference ratio, and the like.
  • the codeword for each layer may be selected from the basic codebook or the training samples using the LBG algorithm.
  • step S305 the codebook generation is completed.
  • step S401 the channel state information feedback process begins.
  • step S402 an LTE R8 layered codebook compatible with LTE R8 is generated according to the segmented hierarchical codebook generation method shown in FIG. As described above, the layered codebook inherits good codebook attributes and provides optimized system performance gains.
  • step S403 the generated LTE R10 layered codebooks are respectively configured to a transmitting end such as a base station and a receiving end such as a user terminal.
  • the limited upstream bandwidth only allows a small number of feedback bits to be returned per time interval.
  • the feedback bits are used to index a set of vectors (i.e., codewords) in the codebook (known to the transmitter and all receivers).
  • codewords i.e., codewords
  • B bits can be used to index a codebook with 2B vectors.
  • each codeword in the codebook is an M-dimensional vector that can be characterized by a MIMO channel.
  • a good codebook will contain a combination of codewords for the channels that effectively cover the experience.
  • the beamforming functions are derived from these vectors, for example, as some linear combination of these vectors. Codebook generation is generated offline for a wide variety of channel environments.
  • the base station and the user terminal can index the same codebook with limited feedback bits and share channel state information.
  • the generated codebook can be configured to the base station and the user terminal using various codebook sharing methods known in the art to implement initial configuration of the layered codebook.
  • step S404 based on the configured codebook, the feedback bit of the specific codeword in the index codebook is transmitted from the receiving end, such as the user terminal, to the transmitting end, such as the base station, by using the feedback signaling mechanism described above.
  • the limited upstream bandwidth only allows a small number of feedback bits to be returned per time interval.
  • the feedback bits are used to index a set of vectors (i.e., codewords) in the codebook (known to the transmitter and all receivers).
  • B bits can be used to index a codebook with 2B vectors.
  • each codeword in the codebook is an M-dimensional vector that can characterize the MIMO channel of the user terminal.
  • a well-generated codebook will contain a combination of codewords that effectively cover the channel experienced by the user terminal.
  • the beamforming functions are derived from these vectors, for example, as some linear combination of these vectors.
  • step S405 the channel state information feedback process ends.
  • FIG. 5 shows a schematic diagram of a MIMO communication system 500 in which the channel state feedback method of the present invention can be implemented.
  • the communication system 500 includes a plurality of base stations 501 and a plurality of user terminals 502. For the sake of convenience, only one base station and one user terminal are shown. In the context of the present invention, both base station 501 and user terminal 502 can be used to generate a layered codebook and transmit the generated codebook to the other party to the communication. After the transmitting and receiving parties simultaneously hold the same code, the user terminal 502 transmits the PMI data to the base station 501 using the feedback on the uplink, that is, the index of the specific codeword in the codebook. After receiving the relevant channel state information feedback, the base station 501 performs channel reconstruction based on the feedback.
  • the layered codebook is improved in accordance with this novel and efficient method of the present invention.
  • the segmented codebook generation has different codebook generation constraints for each segment, and the resulting layered codebook can achieve a good compromise between good codebook properties and performance.
  • This codebook attribute is often important to reduce the PMI/CDI computational complexity of the user terminal and base station, robust interference measurements, efficient utilization of power amplifiers, and rank adaptation.
  • the LTE R8 codebook is a mandatory feature of LTE R10, and the segmented layered codebook of the present invention provides good backward compatibility, so that hierarchical feedback obtained on the basis of the LTE can be more easily and practically obtained. R10 support.
  • the first segment of the layered codebook has good codebook attributes, such as constant modulo, finite symbols, ⁇ matrix properties, nested structures, and the like.
  • the generation of the first segment ensures backward compatibility with the LTE R8 codebook. This is because the LTE R8 codebook is the basis for R10 codebook generation, and the method of the present invention provides flexible but effective backward compatibility for layered codebooks.
  • the improved signaling mechanism can improve the ⁇ feedback method in certain situations, such as the height correlation between time slots.
  • 3GPP LTE-A One of the most important features in 3GPP LTE-A is to improve the feedback accuracy of DL MU-MIMO (Downlink Multi-User Terminal Multiple Input Multiple Output).
  • the layered feedback method is for this main Preferred candidate for the problem. Considering the efficiency of the method of the invention, it will be very suitable for future LTE-A wireless systems.
  • the downlink scenario of the base station to the user terminal has been described as an example in the description of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings. But the road scene should be understood. That is, the present invention can be applied to any scenario in which the channel state information is fed back from the receiving end to the transmitting end, wherein the transmitting end can be a base station, a relay station, and a user terminal; and the receiving end can be a base station, a relay station, and a user terminal.
  • channel state information feedback scheme of the present invention including an improved segmented layered codebook generation method and associated PMI feedback method.

Description

信道状态信息反馈方法和系统 技术领域
本发明涉及 MIMO (多入多出)技术中信道反馈的改进, 尤其涉 及用于 MIMO技术中信道反馈的码本生成方法及相关 PMI (预编码 矩阵指示) 反馈信令机制的改进。 背景技术
MIMO是当今无线系统中一种公知的重要技术, 其通过在发射端 和接收端设置多个发射和接收天线来创建多个空间信道, 从而可以提 高上下行信道的容量, 进一步改善无线信号的传输。 对于 MIMO技 术来说, 需要在发射端获得信道状态信息以便实现空间复用。 其中在 FDD (频分复用) 的情况下, 基站 (eNB ) 获取此类信道状态信息必 须依赖于来自用户终端 (UE ) 侧的反馈。 已经认识到, 应当改进来 自用户终端侧的信道的量化和反馈的精确性, 以增强 LTE-A的下行 链路 MIMO技术。
F.Boccardi, H.Huang, A.Alexiou在 2007年 5月 29日提交的文献 "A Closed-Loop Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Scheme For Wireless Communication Based On Hierarchical Feedback" 中描述的分层反馈 ( hierachical feedback ) 是一种颇有前景的候选方案。 铱分层反馈方 法的基本思想是, 如杲信道足够緩慢地变化, 则移动信道方向指示 ( CDI ) 反馈可以在多个反馈时间间隔上累积, 以便利用累积的比特 索引一个较大的码本。 通常, 较大的码本意味着更精确地描述 MIMO 信道状态, 这对于基站侧进行更优化的预编码从而提高诸如资源利用 率、 数据吞吐量之类的系统性能来说无疑是更有帮助的。
基于这种分层反馈方案, 首先需要生成能够准确地刻画用户终端 所经历的信道的分层码本,其次需要利用基于谅分层码本的 PMI反馈 信令进行如 CDI之类的信道状态信息传输。
I 在 M.Trivellato, F.Boccardi和 H.Huang的论文 "On transceiver design and channel quantization for downlink multiuser MIMO systems with limited feedback" ( IEEE Journal on selected Areas in
communications, Vol.26, no.8, 2008年 10月 ) 中已经提出了一种分 层码本生成方法, 在此通过引用的方式包含读文献的全部内容。 分层 码本生成的二进制过程可以利用分层二叉树表示, 在第 i层上 i亥码本 的码字具有 个元素。生成的过程即将码字安排到分层码字树的结构 中。 可以理解, 针对上述的分层反馈, 通过在多个时间间隔上累积反 馈比特, 给定时间间隔上的反馈所索引的码字通常是前一时间间隔上 的反馈所索引的码字的关联节点。
根据该参考文献, 给定发射天线数目 M, 分层码本树的最大比特 数目 B 最大, 可以通过以下步骤将谅码本中的码字生成在如图 1所示 的分层树结构中:
1) 在第 L = log2M层, 该层中的码字总数 M为 2L, 包括从 DFT (离散傅立叶变换) 码本得出的 M个正交单位模矢量, 其中 M是发 送天线数;
2) 计算相对于每个码字的划分区域, 并获得训练样本的 L个子 集;
3) 对于第 L + l、 L+2,〜 ,B 层, 使用例如 LBG算法计算最优 码本, 每个子集具有 2个矢量, 并将每个子集进一步分为两个子集。
图 1示出了一个表示分层码本的码字安排的分层树(二叉树)结 构。图中每条虚线代表一层,实线与虛线相交的点代表该层上的码字。 可以看到, 第一层上有两个码字, 第二层上有四个码字, 第三层上有 八个码字, 第 L层上具有 2L个码字, 依此类推。 从图中的二叉树, 可以直观地看到分层码本空间的层次划分。
然而,上述这种全新生成的分层码本将很难为如 LTE R10这样的 标准所接受。 一方面, 这种分层码本没有继承良好的码本属性, 诸如 恒定的模、 酉矩阵特性、 嵌套结构、 有限的符号等, 而从很多公司的 角度来看这些属性都是非常期望的 (参见 3GPP Tdoc 1 -101674, " Views on Codebook Design for Downlink 8Tx MIMO " , NTT Docomo ) 。 另一方面, LTE RI O将在 2010年底完成, 剩下的时间对 于以充分的努力来定义这样一种新的码本来说十分困难 (定义 LTE R8码本大约用了两年的时间) 。
针对这种情况, 需要提出改进的信道状态信息反馈方案, 包括改 进的分层码本生成方法, 使得所生成出来的码本不仅仅继承了良好的 现有码本属性, 并且还具有分层码本的益处以便改善信道反馈精确 性; 相应地, 还包括改进的反馈信令机制以提供该码本的后续应用, 获得为 LTE R10所支持的分层反馈方案。 发明内容
本发明的第一个方面提供了一种利用分层码本进行信道状态信 息反馈的方法。 谅方法包括步骤:
生成分层码本;
将生成的分层码本分别配置到发射端和接收端; 以及
基于谅分层码本将信道状态信息从该接收端反馈给该发射端。 优选地, 上述方法中该生成分层码本的步骤进一步包括如下步 骤:
i ) 根据基本码本将待生成分层码本中的各层码字分为多个段, ; ii ) 生成第一段的各层码字, 其中各层码字选自读基本码本; 以 及
iii ) 生成其他段的各层码字, 其中各层码字选自预先提供的训练 样本矩阵。
优选地, 上述方法中基于谅分层码本将信道状态信息从钹接收端 反馈给谅发射端的步骤进一步包括如下步骤:
将反馈比特的第 1和第 2个比特用于表示对兹分层码本进行树搜 索的信令。
本发明的第二个方面提供了一种利用分层码本进行信道状态信 息反馈的系统。 该系统包括: 用于生成分层码本的装置;
用于将生成的分层码本分别配置到发射端和接收端的装置; 以及 用于基于谅分层码本将信道状态信息从该接收端反馈给谅发射 端的装置。
优选地, 上述系统中该用于生成分层码本的装置进一步包括: i ) 用于根据基本码本将待生成分层码本中的各层码字分为多个 段的装置, ;
ii ) 用于生成第一段的各层码字的装置, 其中各层码字选自铉基 本码本; 以及
iii ) 用于生成其他段的各层码字的装置, 其中各层码字选自预先 提供的训练样本矩阵。
优选地, 上述系统中该用于基于该分层码本将信道状态信息从该 接收端反馈给该发射端的装置进一步包括:
用于将反馈比特的第 1和第 2个比特用于表示对该分层码本进行 树搜索的信令的装置。
本发明的第三个方面提供了一种计算机程序产品。 该计算机程序 产品包括存储计算机程序指令的计算机可用介质, 其中该计算机程序 指令当运行于计算装置上时使得所述计算装置实现上述方法。
本发明的第四个方面提供了一种通信系统。 该通信系统包括上述 的利用分层码本进行信道状态信息反馈的系统。
利用本发明的信道状态信息反馈方法, 不但利用了分层码本的改 进反馈精确性的益处, 而且可以使分层码本与现有的 LTE R8码本兼 容, 继承良好的码本属性, 此外, 还通过改进的反馈信令实现利用有 限的反馈比特来索引较大码本的效果。 附图说明
结合附图考虑下面的详细描述, 可以容易地理解本发明实施方式 的特征和优点, 其中:
图 1示出了现有技术的分层码本生成方法的二叉树结构表示; ψ i, i&
用二叉树来表示的二进制构建过程;
图 3示出了根据本发明的分段分层码本生成方法的流程图; 图 4示出了根据本发明的信道状态信息反馈的方法的流程图; 以 及
图 5示出了其中可以实现本发明的信道状态信息反馈方法的 MIMO通信系统的示意图。 具体实施方式
这些附图和后续描述涉及的是仅作为例证的本发明的优选实施 方式。 应读指出的是, 从后续论述中很容易即可将这里公开的结构和 方法的替换实施方式认定成可行的替换方式, 并且这些替换方式是可 以在不脱离要求保护的发明的原理的情况下使用的。
现在将详细参考本发明的若干实施方式, 其示例则是在附图中示 出的。 应该指出的是, 只要可行, 则可以在附图中使用相似或相同的 参考数字, 并且这些参考数字可以指示相似或相同的功能。 这些附图 人员很容易从后续描述中认识到, 在不脱离这里描述的发明原理的情 况下, 这里描述的结构和方法的备选实施例同样是可以使用的。
本发明提出的信道状态信息反馈方法从码本生成和信令反馈两 个方面作出了改进。
在本发明的分段分层码本生成方法中, 分别针对单独的段预定义 码本生成约束。 具体而言, 分层码字树中码字的第一段被生成为满足 某些生成约束, 例如良好的码本属性: 恒定的模、 ^矩阵特性、 嵌套 结构和有限符号等; 而分层码字树中码字的其他段生成为给出其他的 生成约束, 例如最优的性能增益。 可以理解, 相应地, 在多个反馈时 间间隔使用的 PMI反馈方法应当被精心地设计以便充分利用各阶段 中的不同码本属性。 分段分层码本生成
现在针对 LTE RIO 4Tx (即, 4个发射天线) Rank 1 (秩 1 ) 的 码本描述本发明的分段分层码本生成的一个具体实施方式。 从该实施 方式可以明确地了解到, 分段分层码本不仅仅具有良好的码本属性和 反馈精确性, 还具有与 LTER8码本的良好后向兼容性。
在本例中, 假设发射天线数目 M = 4, 分层码本树的最大比特数 目 B = 12。 通过下述步骤来分段地生成分层码本。
( 1 ) 预定义分段的码本生成约束
在本例中, 预定义两个段的生成约束。 其中, 第一段的目标是良 好的码本属性和后向兼容性, 第二段的目标是性能增益的优化。 应当 理解, 根据具体的性能需求, 也可以将待生成码本分成更多的段, 而 针对不同的段预定义不同的码本生成约束。
如图 2所示, 在本例中, 码本生成分为两个段, 其中第 1-4层为 第一段, 第 5-12层为第二段。
(2)第一段包括生成与 LTE R8码本相应的 4层码字。可以理解, 也可以直接扩展到更多的层。 用 来标记在第 i层中的第 j个码字, 其中 i= l,..., 12, j= l,...2i。 为了获得良好的码本属性和对 LTE R8 码本的后向兼容性, 这一段的码本生成将基于 LTER8码本(参考 3GPP TS36.211 ) , 例如表 1 中的码本 {uk, k= l,..., 16} 。 当然, 可以理解, 还有可能基于其他的码本来获得不同的码本属性。
Figure imgf000009_0001
表 1 4Tx和秩 1的 LTE R8码本 a)在第 i= 1层, 基于某种性能度量从表 1 中的码本 {uk} 中 选择一个码字对 {v 2}作为第一层中的两个码字。 该性能度量例 如是容量最大化、 最小均方误差(MMSE)、 最小距离、 最大信噪比、 最大信号干扰噪声比、 最大信干比等。 当然, 可以使用 LBG算法进 行这种选择。 LBG算法是指通过训练矢量集和一定的迭代算法来逼近 最优码本的一种算法。 应当注意, 如果使用 LBG算法, 应当预先给 出一定数目的信道矩阵训练样本。
b) 相对于在步骤 a)中选出的每个码字计算训练样本的划分 区域, 并获得训练样本的 2个子集。
c) 对于第一段中的其他层即第 i = 2, 3或者 4层,使用 LBG 算法继续从基本码本 { 1^}中选择最优码字对{ , +1, = 2,...,4, ' = 1,3,...,2'-1}, 每个子集两个矢量, 并且将每个子集进一步分为两个子集。
在这一段的生成中, 由于码字都是从 LTER8的码本中选出, 相 十于前面述及的 M.Trivellato, F.Boccardi和 H.Huang的论文 "On transceiver design and channel quantization for downlink multiuser MIMO systems with limited feedback" ( IEEE Journal on selected Areas in communications, Vol.26, no.8, 2008年 10月 ) 中的分层码本来说, 所得到的码本可能并非是最优的, 原因是码字并非仅仅根据所要追求 的性能目标而任意选择的, 其选择的范围被限定为了一个基本码本即 LTE R8的码本。 但是, 这样做的结果是所得到的码本能够与 LTE R8 码本兼容, 从而具有诸如恒定的模、 酉矩阵特性、 嵌套结构、 有限符 号之类的良好码本属性。
( 3 ) 第二段包括生成剩余的层, 例如第 i = 5, ..., 12层。 在这一 段不是应用如良好的码本属性如恒定的模、 酉矩阵特性、 有限符号等 的码本生成约束, 而是需要最大限度地优化系统的性能增益。 为此, 不再基于基本码本如 LTE R8码本, 而是在更大的码本空间中选择最 优码字。
d ) 在第 i = 5层中, 计算相对于该层中的每个码字的划分区 域, 并且获得训练样本的 25个子集。
e )对于第 i = 6, ..., 12层, 使用 LBG算法基于与第一段中的 性能度量相同或者不同的性能度量(例如, 容量最大化、 最小均方误 差、 最小距离、 最大信噪比、 最大信号干扰噪声比、 最大信干比等) 来计算最优码本, 每个子集两个矢量, 并将每个子集进一步分为两个 子集。
根据第二段的生成, 至少部分地基于上述现有技术的分层码本生 成方法生成码本的其他层, 从而得到的码本同时具有了分层码本的增 强反馈精确度的优势。 至此, 根据本发明的分段分层码本生成方法取 得了分层码本的优势和与 LTE R8码本的兼容之间的最佳折中, 在现 阶段来说这样的生成方案无疑是更切合实际和更优选的。
前面描述了,具有树结构的码本生成可以用于时间相关的 MIMO 信道以大量减少反馈开销。 也即, 利用分层树结构来生成码本, 针对 具有低速移动的终端的系统可以以给定数量的反馈比特改进系统吞 吐量。 在进行预编码时, 发射端通过来自接收端的索引预定义码本中 包含的一组预编码矢量的有限(有限带宽)反馈比特来获得信道状态 反馈。
PMI反馈
本发明还提供了灵活的反馈信令生成来充分地利用冗余信令比 特来进行 PMI数据传输。这种修改不仅仅由于改善了信令比特数目的 分配和信令的格式而改善了分层反馈的性能, 而且充分地利用了第一 部分中介绍的分段分层码本结构中的不同码本属性。
假定在反馈的时间间隔 n-1 中, 基站和用户终端共享经量化的重 构的矢量 - 1) , 用可变长度" 的二进制字来表示。 在时间间隔 n 中, 用户终端使用线性或树搜索来选择 B 最 个比特的最好码字 用 于当前信道矩阵。 将 ") 和 的二进制表示的前 — 个比特进 行比较。 比较结果有三种情况, 分别对应于两个序列之间匹配(向下 情况) 、 部分匹配 (向上情况 1 ) 和不匹配 (向上情况 2 ) 。
反馈比特的格式如下定义: 设^")是用户终端在时间间隔 n反馈 回来的 B比特的二进制字。第 1或第 2个比特 或 f» )用于信令, 并且在表 2中定义了信令格式。如表中所示, 只有当 ""^l时, 才 表示信令, 否则其是索引码字的数据。
Figure imgf000011_0001
表 2 信令格式
对应于上述的三种情况, 通过如下步骤来确定后面的比特: 1. 向下情况: "ΐ亥情况当与 相关联的 ' ("一1) ΜΙΒ比特等于与 1〕相关联的 Α·(" -ΐ) ΜΙΒ比特时发生。 在此情况下, 通过反馈回 Β 最大比特码字的另外 B-1个比特来提炼信道状悉信息。这些额外的比特 是通过在量化树中向下进行 B- 1层而获得的。这通过反馈回在与 相 关联的码字的位置 + U^U "上的比特来执行。 而且, Lx(n) = LXn - \) + B - l
2. 向上情况 1 : 该情况当与 相关联的 W"— 1)— (52) MIB比 特等于与 相关联的41) _ (S2)MIB比特时发生。 在此情况下, 利用 B-2比特来更新前一反馈。 如果信道在时间间隔 n-1和 n之间高 度相关, 这将是很有益处的。 该额外的比特是通过在量化树中向上进 行 B-2层而获得的。 这通过反馈回在与 相关联的码字的位置
-i) - (i? - 2) + i'''.,4("- 1)上的比特来执行。 而且, 根据表 2, 将附加额 外的 2比特 [1 0]作为信令。
3. 向上情况 2: 谅情况当与 相关联的^("— 12) ΜΙΒ比 特不等于与 相关联的 1) - ΜΙΒ比特时发生。 在此情况 下, 利用 Β- 2比特来代替前一反馈。 读额外的比特是通过在量化树中 向下进行 Β-2层而获得的。 这通过反馈回在与 相关联的码字的位 置 1,„.,(3 - 2)上的比特来执行。 而且, 根据表 2, 将附加额外的 2比特 [1
1]作为信令。
进一步地, 在反馈中第一个比特等于 1 , 即对二叉树进行向上搜 索的情况下, 利用第二个比特表示两种情况, 一种对应于以 Β-2个比 特来更新前一反馈, 即反馈回在与 相关联的码字的位置
^(" )— ^— 2) ,…, ^— )上的比特的情况, 另一种则对应于以 B-2个 比特来代替前一反馈,即反馈回在与 相关联的码字的位置 '^-2) 上的比特的情况。
如前所述, 反馈比特的第 1和第 2个比特用于在分层码本的二叉 树上如何搜索最好码字的信令表示。 在前后时隙高度相关的情况下, 可以利用这两个信令比特来表示前后反馈的比特序列之间的匹配关 系。 例如, 以一个六层的二叉树, 每时间间隔反馈 3个比特为例。 从 当前第四层的码字 0001开始, 其上一层或若干层的所有码字和下一 层的该码字 0001的后代码字均为下一时间间隔的候选码字。 如杲 0000是最好的码字, 则利用反馈 100来表示, 其中, 第一个比特表示 在二叉树上进行向上搜索, 第二个比特表示反馈的比特用于更新前一 时间间隔的码字, 第三个比特用于更新前一时间间隔码字的最后一 位,表示 0001 同层的码字;如果 0010是最好的码字,则利用反馈 1 10 来表示, 其中, 第一个比特表示在二叉树上进行向上搜索, 第二个比 特表示反馈的比特用于替换前一时间间隔的码字, 第三个比特用于替 换前一时刻码字; 如果 0001 10是最好的码字, 则利用反馈 010来表 示, 其中, 第一个比特表示在二叉树上进行向下搜索, 第二和第三个 比特 10表示在读下一层中的候选码字中的选定码字。
图 3示出了根据本发明的分段分层码本生成方法的流程图。 在步 驟 S301 , 生成过程开始。
在步驟 S302, 将码本生成分为多个段, 并为每个段预定义码本 生成约束。 例如, 对于第一段, 需要满足的生成约束是, 继承良好的 码本属性以及与基本码本的后向兼容。 对于第二段, 需要满足的生成 约束是, 具有优化的性能增益。 优选地, 该基本码本为 LTE R8码本。
在步骤 S303 , 生成第一段的码本码字。 如上所述, 假设发射天 线数目为 4, 且反馈比特的最大数目为 12, 第一段需要生成第 4层 的码本码字。 其中, 每一层的最优码字从基本码本 LTE R8 4TX码本 { uk } 中选出, 以确保与 LTE R8码本的后向兼容性。
在步骤 S304, 生成第二段的码本码字。 如上所述, 生成其余的 第 5-12层, 其中, 每一层的最优码字基于预先给定的全部训练样本 的矩阵选出。
作为一个示例, 在步骤 S303和步骤 S304中, 可以基于特定的性 能度量从基本码本或训练样本中选择用于各层的码字。 优选地, 特定 性能度量包括但不限于: 容量最大化、 最小均方误差、 最小距离、 最 大信噪比、 最大信号干扰噪声比、 最大信干比等。
作为又一个示例, 在步骤 S303和步 S304中, 可以利用 LBG 算法从基本码本或训练样本中选择用于各层的码字。
在步骤 S305, 码本生成完成。
现在参考图 4,其示出了根据本发明的信道状态信息反馈方法 400 的流程图。
在步骤 S401 中, 信道状态信息反馈过程开始。
在步骤 S402中, 根据图 3所示的分段分层码本生成方法生成与 LTE R8兼容的 LTE R10分层码本。 如上所述, 该分层码本继承了良 好的码本属性, 并且能够提供优化的系统性能增益。
在步骤 S403中, 将所生成的 LTE R10分层码本分别配置到发射 端如基站和接收端如用户终端。
如上所述, 有限的上行带宽仅允许每个时间间隔返回少量的反馈 比特。 典型地, 反馈比特用于索引码本(发射机和所有接收机都知道 的) 中的一组矢量 (即, 码字) 。 例如, B个比特可以用于索引具有 2B个矢量的码本。 对于具有 M个天线的发射机, 码本中的每个码字 是一个 M维的矢量, 其可以刻画的 MIMO信道。 一个良好的码本将 包含有效覆盖经历的信道的码字组合。 而波束赋形函数就从这些矢量 中导出, 例如, 作为这些矢量的某种线性组合。 码本生成是针对各种 大量的信道环境离线生成的。 通过将离线生成的码本配置到基站和用 户终端, 可以使基站和用户终端以有限的反馈比特来索引同一码本, 共享信道状态信息。 可以使用本领域公知的各种码本共享方法将所生 成的码本配置给基站和用户终端, 实现分层码本的初始配置。
在步骤 S404中, 基于所配置的码本以上述的反馈信令机制从接 收端如用户终端向发射端如基站传送索引谅码本中特定码字的反馈 比特。 如上所述, 有限的上行带宽仅允许每个时间间隔返回少量的反 馈比特。 典型地, 反馈比特用于索引码本(发射机和所有接收机都知 道的) 中的一组矢量 (即, 码字) 。 例如, B个比特可以用于索引具 有 2B个矢量的码本。 对于具有 M个天线的发射机, 码本中的每个码 字是一个 M维的矢量, 其可以刻画用户终端的 MIMO信道。 一个良 好生成的码本将包含有效覆盖用户终端经历的信道的码字组合。 而波 束赋形函数就从这些矢量中导出, 例如, 作为这些矢量的某种线性组 合。 当用户终端将与当前信道状态相对应的 PMI数据反馈给基站,基 站即可利用该数据进行后续的预编码以及下行数据发送。 步骤 403的 具体实现可以基于上文中所描述的本发明的改进的 PMI反馈信令机 制进行。
在步骤 S405中, 信道状态信息反馈过程结束。
图 5示出了其中可以实现本发明的信道状态反馈方法的 MIMO 通信系统 500的示意图。 该通信系统 500包括多个基站 501和多个用 户终端 502, 为了筒便起见, 图中仅示出了一个基站和一个用户终端。 在本发明的上下文中, 基站 501和用户终端 502均可用于生成分层码 本, 并将生成的码本传送给通信的对方。 当发收双方同时持有同一码 本之后, 用户终端 502利用上行链路上的反馈向基站 501传送 PMI 数据, 即对码本中特定码字的索引。 基站 501在接收到相关信道状态 信息反馈后, 基于 ΐ玄反馈进行信道重建。
根据通过本发明这种新颖有效的方法来改进分层码本。 分段的码 本生成具有每段不同的码本生成约束, 得到的分层码本可以获得良好 码本属性和性能之间的良好折中。 这种码本属性通常对于降低用户终 端和基站的 PMI/CDI计算复杂度、 鲁棒干扰测量、 功率放大器的有 效利用以及秩自适应等来说非常重要。另外, LTE R8码本是 LTE R10 的强制特征, 而本发明的分段分层码本提供了良好的后向兼容性, 以 便在其基础上得到的分层反馈能够更容易和实际地得到 LTE R10的 支持。
本发明的信道状态信息反馈方法具有以下优势:
( 1 )在分层码本的第一段具有良好的码本属性, 例如恒定的模、 有限符号、 酉矩阵特性、 嵌套结构等。
( 2 )第一段的生成确保了与 LTE R8码本的后向兼容性。这是因 为 LTE R8码本是 R10码本生成的基础, 并且本发明方法为分层码本 提供了灵活但有效的后向兼容性。
( 3 ) 改进的信令机制可在某些情况 (如前后时隙之间的高度相 关) 下改进 ΡΜΙ反馈方法。
3GPP LTE-A中最重要的特征之一是改进 DL MU-MIMO(下行链 路多用户终端多入多出)的反馈精确性。 分层反馈方法是针对这一主 题的优选候选方案。 考虑到本发明方法的高效性, 其将非常适用于未 来的 LTE - A无线系統。
需要说明的是, 在上述参考附图对本发明进行的说明中利用基站 到用户终端的下行链路场景作为示例进行了说明。 但是应该理解的 路场景。 也就是说, 本发明可以应用于任何从接收端向发射端反馈信 道状态信息的场景, 其中发射端可以是基站、 中继站、 用户终端; 接 收端可以是基站、 中继站、 用户终端。
通过阅读此公开内容, 本领域中的技术人员将领会本发明的包括 改进的分段分层码本生成方法以及相关的 PMI反馈方法的信道状态 信息反馈方案。 虽然在这里例证并描述了本发明的特定实施方式和应 用, 但是应该理解, 本发明并不局限于这里公开的精确步骤和功能, 并且对本领域技术人员来说, 在没有脱离所附权利要求所限定的发明 实质和范围的情况下, 对在这里公开的本发明的方法步驟和功能装置 可以进行的各种修改、 变更和改变都是显而易见的。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1. 一种利用分层码本进行信道状态信息反馈的方法,所述方法包 括步骤:
生成分层码本;
将生成的分层码本分别配置到发射端和接收端; 以及
基于所述分层码本将信道状态信息从所述接收端反馈给所述发 射端。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法,其中所述生成分层码本的步骤进 一步包括如下步骤:
i )根据基本码本将待生成分层码本中的各层码字分为多个段, ; ii ) 生成第一段的各层码字, 其中各层码字选自所述基本码本; 以及
iii ) 生成其他段的各层码字, 其中各层码字选自预先提供的训练 样本矩阵。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其中在所述步骤 i ) 与步骤 Π ) 之间还包括步骤: 针对所分的每段, 预定义适用于该段的码本生成约 束。
4. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法,其中针对第一段的码本生成约束 包括与基本码本的兼容性或继承良好码本属性。
5. 根据权利要求 3所述的方法,其中针对其他段的码本生成约束 包括优化系统性能。
6. 根据权利要求 2所述的方法,其中基于特定性能度量从所述基 本码本或所述训练样本中选择用于各层的码字。
7. 根据权利要求 6所述的方法,其中所述特定性能度量包括以下 项之一: 容量最大化、 最小均方误差、 最小距离、 最大信噪比、 最大 信号干扰噪声比、 最大信干比。
8. 根据权利要求 2所述的方法, 其中利用 LBG算法从所述基本 码本或所述训练样本中选择用于各层的码字。
9. 根据权利要求 2-8中任一项所述的方法,其中所述基本码本是 LTE R8码本。
10. 根据权利要求 1所述的方法, 其中基于所述分层码本将信道 状悉信息从所述接收端反馈给所述发射端的步骤进一步包括如下步 骤:
将反馈比特的第 1和第 2个比特用于表示对所述分层码本进行树 搜索的信令。
1 1. 根据权利要求 10所述的方法,其中所述基于所述分层码本将 信道状态信息从所述接收端反馈给所述发射端的步骤进一步包括如 下步骤:
将当前反馈时间间隔 n的矢量与前一时间间隔 n-1的矢量的二进 制字进行比较;
基于所述比较结果确定所述反馈比特。
12. —种利用分层码本进行信道状态信息反馈的系统, 所述系统 包括:
用于生成分层码本的装置;
用于将生成的分层码本分别配置到发射端和接收端的装置; 以及 用于基于所述分层码本将信道状态信息从所述接收端反馈给所 述发射端的装置。
13. 根据权利要求 12所述的系统,其中所述用于生成分层码本的 装置进一步包括:
i ) 用于根据基本码本将待生成分层码本中的各层码字分为多个 段的装置, ;
ii ) 用于生成第一段的各层码字的装置, 其中各层码字选自所述 基本码本; 以及
Hi ) 用于生成其他段的各层码字的装置, 其中各层码字选自预先 提供的训练样本矩阵。
14. 根据权利要求 13所述的系统, 还包括用于针对所分的每段, 预定义适用于谅段的码本生成约束的装置。
15. 根据权利要求 14所述的系统,其中针对第一段的码本生成约 束包括与基本码本的兼容性或继承良好码本属性。
16. 根据权利要求 14所述的系统,其中针对其他段的码本生成约 束包括优化系统性能。
17. 根据权利要求 13所述的系统,其中所述用于生成第一段的各 层码字的装置和所述用于生成其他段的各层码字的装置基于特定性 能度量从所述基本码本或所述训练样本中选择用于各层的码字。
18. 根据权利要求 17所述的系统,其中所述特定性能度量包括以 下项之一: 容量最大化、 最小均方误差、 最小距离、 最大信噪比、 最 大信号干扰噪声比、 最大信干比。
19. 根据权利要求 13所述的系统,其中所述用于生成第一段的各 层码字的装置和所述用于生成其他段的各层码字的装置利用 LBG算 法从所述基本码本或所述训练样本中选择用于各层的码字。
20. 根据权利要求 13- 19中任一项所述的系统, 其中所述基本码 本是 LTE R8码本。
21. 根据权利要求 12所述的系统,其中所述用于基于所述分层码 本将信道状态信息从所述接收端反馈给所述发射端的装置进一步包 括:
用于将反馈比特的第 1和第 2个比特用于表示对所述分层码本进 行树搜索的信令的装置。
22. 根据权利要求 21所述的系统,其中所述用于基于所述分层码 本将信道状态信息从所述接收端反馈给所述发射端的装置进一步包 括:
用于将当前反馈时间间隔 n的矢量与前一时间间隔 η- 1的矢量的 二进制字进行比较的装置;
用于基于所述比较结果确定所述反馈比特的装置。
23. —种计算机程序产品, 包括存储计算机程序指令的计算机可 用介盾, 其中该计算机程序指令当运行于计算装置上时使得所述计算 装置实现权利要求 1-1 1中任一项所述方法。
24. 一种通信系统, 包括根据权利要求 12-22中任一项所述的利 用分层码本进行信道状态信息反馈的系统。
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