WO2011121619A1 - Procédé de traitement d'eaux produites par des champs pétrolifères et gaziers - Google Patents

Procédé de traitement d'eaux produites par des champs pétrolifères et gaziers Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011121619A1
WO2011121619A1 PCT/IT2010/000130 IT2010000130W WO2011121619A1 WO 2011121619 A1 WO2011121619 A1 WO 2011121619A1 IT 2010000130 W IT2010000130 W IT 2010000130W WO 2011121619 A1 WO2011121619 A1 WO 2011121619A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
tank
suspension
activated silica
ppm
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IT2010/000130
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Raimondo Cianfruglia
Original Assignee
Abb S.P.A.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Abb S.P.A. filed Critical Abb S.P.A.
Priority to PCT/IT2010/000130 priority Critical patent/WO2011121619A1/fr
Publication of WO2011121619A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011121619A1/fr

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F9/00—Multistage treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/001—Processes for the treatment of water whereby the filtration technique is of importance
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/24—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flotation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/28—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption
    • C02F1/283—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by sorption using coal, charred products, or inorganic mixtures containing them
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/40—Devices for separating or removing fatty or oily substances or similar floating material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
    • C02F1/444—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by ultrafiltration or microfiltration
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/5236—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using inorganic agents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/52—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities
    • C02F1/54—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by flocculation or precipitation of suspended impurities using organic material
    • C02F1/56—Macromolecular compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2101/00—Nature of the contaminant
    • C02F2101/30—Organic compounds
    • C02F2101/32—Hydrocarbons, e.g. oil

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to waste water treatment for oil and gas fields, and, more specifically, to a process to remove suspended solids, oils and other hydrocarbons from produced water.
  • Oil and gas reservoirs are sub-soil cavities containing crude oil and/or natural gas.
  • Oil and gas reservoirs have a natural water layer, called formation water, that, being denser, lies under the hydrocarbons.
  • Oil reservoirs frequently contain large volumes of water, while gas reservoirs tend to produce only small quantities.
  • additional water is usually injected into the reservoirs to help force the oil/gas to the surface. Both formation and injected water are eventually produced along with the hydrocarbons and, as an oil field becomes depleted, the amount of produced water increases as the reservoir fills with injected water. Such water is called "produced water".
  • Produced water is typically removed from the oil, but still contains a number of undesirable components such as paraffins, oils, other hydrocarbons and organic substances, muds, salts, solids and the like. Oil may be present in different amounts, depending on the type of oilfield and other factors, from a few hundreds parts per million (ppm) to large amounts such as up to 5% by volume .
  • the contaminated produced water must be disposed of in some manner. It can be treated and released as surface water or it can be injected back into the oil or gas reservoir. Recycling produced water by reinjecting it into the oil/gas reservoir is particularly interesting when the oil/gas field is onshore and in a desertic area. However, the processing required to render produced water fit for reinjection is costly.
  • washing water After extraction from reservoirs hydrocarbons are also washed with water to remove or reduce the high content of salts. The amount of such water, called “washing water” may exceed the amount of produced water. Washing water contains hydrocarbons too, and must be disposed of in some manner or treated.
  • US 2007/0095761 Al discloses a method for preparing acidic solutions of activated silica and polyvalent metal salt for water treatment.
  • Use of activated silica is disclosed in connection with sewage treatment plants located in urban areas, particularly to remove disinfection byproducts (DBP) and DBP precursors. Reported amounts of DBP in such water is in the order of hundreds of ppb (parts per billion).
  • US 6,077,439 discloses using activated silica to remove metals from industrial waste streams, in particular heavy metals toxic salts. There is no disclosure on removing oil or other hydrocarbons from water.
  • such an improved process will be capable of cleaning the waste waters constantly and continuously during the oil/gas extraction operations.
  • the present invention is an improved process for treating waste water and/or produced water in oil or gas fields for rendering the water fit for reinjection or for surface release.
  • the method includes:
  • the process according to the invention removes any suspended matters from the produced water, including oils, other hydrocarbons and solids. Typically the final content of oils and hydrocarbons does not exceed 40 ppm, or even 10 ppm.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram of the process of the invention
  • the invention comprises a continuous process for treating waste water and/or produced water from oil and/or gas fields, such that the treated water has a re-use quality for reinjecting it into the reservoir.
  • Water treated according to the process of the invention can also be released as surface water, with or without additional treatments, depending on the quality of the water and of the applicable environmental laws.
  • produced water means any waste water either from sub-soil or from other sources onshore or offshore associated with oil and/or gas fields that needs to be treated for further use or release in the environment.
  • produced water includes also "washing water”.
  • a particular task of the process according to the invention is that of essentially removing all the hydrocarbons contained in produced water, so that the residual hydrocarbons content after treatment is in the order of a few tenths of parts per million (ppm). Also, a task of the process according to the invention is that of essentially removing all the solid particles and suspended matters contained in produced water.
  • Produced water may contain different amounts of oil, depending on the type of oilfield and other factors. Also, it has typically an acidic pH, for example between 5 and 6. Oil content may vary from a few hundreds parts per million (ppm) such as 100-500 ppm, to large amounts such as up to 5% by volume or more.
  • ppm parts per million
  • the produced water is treated according to the process of the invention.
  • the process for treating produced water according to the invention combines essentially physical treatments such as those listed as a) and b) above, with chemical treatment steps such as those listed as c) and d) above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic flow diagram showing the main components of steps from a) to f) in the process of the invention.
  • step a) the produced water, which has a flow rate that is not constant and regular, is fed to a tank 10 of sufficient size, so that the produced water is temporarily stored and homogenized.
  • a produced water with 2% vol. of oil is collected in a 500 m 3 homogenizing tank 10 for a residence time of about 8 hours.
  • Tank 10 allows also to carry out a pre-treatment of the produced water, consisting essentially in a physical separation of suspended matters, namely substances lighter and heavier than water which undergo a first separation by gravity.
  • Lighter substances such as oils and other hydrocarbons form a floating phase 12 on the aqueous phase 14. Suspended matters such solid particles fall and deposit at the bottom of tank 10.
  • Scraping blades 16 rotated by a motor Ml help discharging the deposited mud into a discharge conduit 1 1.
  • the upper floating phase 12 is continuously removed from pre-treatment tank 10 by a pump 13, and pumped to an oil storage tank 15.
  • step b) the produced water is transferred from the pre-treatment tank 10 to a corrugated plate interceptor (CPI) unit 20, as known in the art, in which separation by gravity of oil and other hydrocarbons, solids and water is continued.
  • CPI corrugated plate interceptor
  • an oil phase is formed in the upper part of the CPI unit 20, and is continuously removed by a deoiling device 13', such as a device commercially known as "Discoil”, and pumped to an oil storage tank 15. Solid particles deposit at the bottom of tank 20 and are removed.
  • a water suspension of activated silica is added via line 26 to the treated water in chamber 22, before water is transferred by gravity to a further treatment step.
  • Activated silica is a well-known material which may be described as a highly dispersed polymeric form of silica produced when dilute aqueous solutions of alkali metal silicates are reacted with mineral acids, or with multivalant metal ions such as calcium, iron or aluminum. Descriptions of the chemistry and method of preparation of activated silica are well covered in the literature. The chemistry is to be found in Her (1979, p. 231), J. G. Vail ("Soluble Silicates," Vol II New York: Reinhold, 1960), K. R. Lange and R. W. Spenser (Envir. Sci. and Technology 2: 3 (1968) 212-6), and T. Hasekawa et al.
  • Activated silica may be manufactured and stored using specialized equipment, or can be prepared in situ. The material has been used for many years in the commercial purification of drinking water and has found application in the flocculation of alumina and silver bromide sols, and also as a retention/drainage aid in papermaking. However, no description was found of any special ability of activated silica to remove oils and/or hydrocarbons from water. Therefore it was surprisingly found in the course of the experimentation that led to the to the present invention that activated silica is very effective in the process to treat produced water, even produced water having a high hydrocarbons and salts content.
  • suspension of activated silica means a highly dispersed polymeric form of silica produced when dilute aqueous solutions of alkali metal silicates are reacted with mineral acids, as described above.
  • a water suspension of activated silica to the water that has been treated in chamber 22, it is disclosed that such suspension has a silica content expressed as percentage by weight of Si0 2 of from 0.1 to 10%, preferably from 0.5 to 5%, more preferably from 0,8 to 1.2 %.
  • Such suspension is added to the treated water in an amount such that the silica content is from 50 to 300 ppm, preferably from 80 to 200 ppm, more preferably from 90 to 120 ppm.
  • the separation treatment carried out according to step b) reduces the oil content to about 100- 200 ppm and the content of suspended matters to about 15-50 ppm.
  • step c) the water withdrawn from chamber 22 of he CPI unit 20 via line 28 is introduced into a coagulation and flocculation tank 30, in which mixing is carried out by a stirrer 32 actuated by a motor M2. Average residence time in tank 30 is from 15 to 20 min. A flocculating agent is added via line 34 to the water stream leaving tank 30.
  • the flocculating agent used in step c) of the process according to the invention is a polyelectrolyte selected from linear or branched organic polymers that form complex ions in solution. More preferably the flocculating agent is a polymeric cationic or amphoteric flocculant, such as the flocculants commercialized under the trade name "Kurifix" and available from Kurita Water Industries Ltd.
  • the flocculating agent is added to the water to be treated in an amount of from 2 to 20 ppm, preferably from 5 to 10 ppm.
  • step d) water withdrawn from the coagulation and flocculation tank 30 via line 36 is mixed with a stream of water saturated with air under pressure released from tank 38 into line 37.
  • the pressurized air-saturated water stream is introduced via line 39 into the bottom of an air flotation tank 40.
  • oils and other hydrocarbons are entrained by air bubbles moving upwards and caused to form an upper floating phase, while solids deposit at the bottom of the tank.
  • the air flotation tank 40 is divided into 3 zones:
  • Scraping blades 42 promote discharging mud from the conical bottom of tank 40 via conduit 46.
  • Blades 42 are connected to a shaft rotated by a motor M3.
  • the mud is discharged at predefined time intervals by means of an automatic discharge valve 43.
  • An upper foam and floating floes discharge device 44 is also mounted in tank 40. Both device 44 and conduit 46 transfer the matter removed from the treated water to a mud thickening apparatus 48.
  • Residence time of water in air flocculation tank 40 is of about 30 min, and is such to achieve a residual oil content after treatment of equal to or less than 10 ppm.
  • step e) water clarified in the previous process steps is withdrawn from temporary storage tank 50 and transferred to a filtration step.
  • a suspension of activated silica is added to the water upstream the filtration step.
  • activated silica is added in an amount of from 20 to 100 ppm, more preferably from 30 to 80 ppm, more preferably from 40 to 60 ppm.
  • ultra-filtration step f) is also included in the process.
  • the filtration step e) is carried out through a filtration means that comprises a double layer of quartz sand and hydroanthracite.
  • a filtration means that comprises a double layer of quartz sand and hydroanthracite.
  • the clarified water stream is fed to three filters 60 in parallel, then to two filters 79 to carry out the ultra-filtration step f).
  • the ultrafiltration step f) is carried out through a filtration means that comprises active carbon.
  • the suspension of active silica is the same suspension that is used in step b) above. It has surprising been found that addition of active silica improves the performance of the filtration and ultra-filtration step.
  • the filters 60 and 70 are regularly cleaned by temporarily stopping the introduction of water to be treated in one of the filters and by feeding a counter-current stream of clean water. The finest solid particles deposited on the filters and traces of oil are thus removed.
  • the water discharged from filters 70 is clear and has an oil content typically not greater than
  • the treated, clean water has a pH that is still acidic, it is a water that is fit to be re-injected into the oil or gas reservoir or possibly released as surface water.
  • the oil and hydrocarbons phase separated from the water treated in the process of the invention and collected in the oil storage tank 15 is recycled in the oil extraction installation of the oilfield for further treatment and/or reuse. Muds and solids are sent to mud thickening apparatus 48 for further treatment and final disposal.
  • a produced water treatment process is carried out in a plant as illustrated in FIGS. 1-3, in which the pre-treatment tank 20 had a capacity of collecting 500 m 3 /day of produced water.
  • the water to be treated had an oil content of 2% vol.
  • the flow rate of water delivered from pre-treatment tank 10 was of 100 mVhour.
  • a suspension of activated silica having a Si0 2 content of 1% by wt. was used. It was added to step b) to reach a concentration of Si0 2 in the water to be treated of 100 ppm, and in step e) of 50 ppm.
  • An aqueous solution containing 0.1% by weight of the polyectrolyte flocculating agent commercialized under the trade name "Kurifix" and available from Kurita Water Industries Ltd was prepared. Such solution was added to the water to be treated in step c) in an amount of 8 ppm of polyectrolyte flocculating agent.
  • Example 1 The same water treatment process of Example 1 was performed without use of activated silica.
  • step c) of the process of the invention allows to achieve an almost complete removal of oil and hydrocarbon from produced water, as well as of any suspended matters.
  • Use of flocculating agents only does not allow to achieve a similar result. The process proved to be efficient from an economic point of view.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Separation Of Suspended Particles By Flocculating Agents (AREA)
  • Physical Water Treatments (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de traitement en continu d'eaux usées et/ou d'eaux produites par des champs pétrolifères et/ou gaziers, afin que l'eau traitée puisse être réutilisée et réinjectée dans le réservoir ou rejetée comme eau de surface. Le procédé utilise une suspension comprenant une silice activée et un agent de floculation polymère organique.
PCT/IT2010/000130 2010-03-29 2010-03-29 Procédé de traitement d'eaux produites par des champs pétrolifères et gaziers WO2011121619A1 (fr)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103011445A (zh) * 2012-11-02 2013-04-03 张雅婷 一种生活污水回注装置及方法
CN104192945A (zh) * 2014-09-26 2014-12-10 广州安适易环境科技有限公司 一种油水分离机
CN104556531A (zh) * 2013-10-12 2015-04-29 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种配制采油聚合物溶液的油田污水处理方法
CN104609601A (zh) * 2015-01-27 2015-05-13 中国石油天然气集团公司 微砂循环快速澄清油田采出水处理方法
CN104787925A (zh) * 2015-03-30 2015-07-22 天津大学 一种油井、煤层气井产出高氟水的处理装置及其处理方法
CN105060573A (zh) * 2015-09-16 2015-11-18 成都美富特膜科技有限公司 基于特种膜的气田废水处理工艺
CN105130063A (zh) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-09 广西华锡集团股份有限公司再生资源分公司 一种降低尾矿库外排废水中铜离子含量的方法
CN105174520A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-23 山东智博格瑞环保科技有限公司 一种酸性水除油处理方法
CN106673268A (zh) * 2017-02-27 2017-05-17 华油惠博普科技股份有限公司 油气田污水处理系统及其处理工艺
CN110845031A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-28 浙江不可比喻服饰有限公司 一种处理服装生产产生的污水净化装置
CN112390414A (zh) * 2020-11-13 2021-02-23 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 一种大中型水电站含油污水处理系统
CN112624406A (zh) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-09 华东理工大学 钻井污水的深度净化方法及装置
CN112927594A (zh) * 2021-02-01 2021-06-08 中国石油大学(华东) 教学用自然除油实验装置

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Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103011445A (zh) * 2012-11-02 2013-04-03 张雅婷 一种生活污水回注装置及方法
CN104556531A (zh) * 2013-10-12 2015-04-29 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种配制采油聚合物溶液的油田污水处理方法
CN104556531B (zh) * 2013-10-12 2017-06-30 中国石油化工股份有限公司 一种配制采油聚合物溶液的油田污水处理方法
CN104192945A (zh) * 2014-09-26 2014-12-10 广州安适易环境科技有限公司 一种油水分离机
CN104609601A (zh) * 2015-01-27 2015-05-13 中国石油天然气集团公司 微砂循环快速澄清油田采出水处理方法
CN104787925B (zh) * 2015-03-30 2016-08-24 天津大学 一种油井、煤层气井产出高氟水的处理装置及其处理方法
CN104787925A (zh) * 2015-03-30 2015-07-22 天津大学 一种油井、煤层气井产出高氟水的处理装置及其处理方法
CN105060573A (zh) * 2015-09-16 2015-11-18 成都美富特膜科技有限公司 基于特种膜的气田废水处理工艺
CN105060573B (zh) * 2015-09-16 2017-05-31 成都美富特膜科技有限公司 基于特种膜的气田废水处理工艺
CN105130063A (zh) * 2015-09-28 2015-12-09 广西华锡集团股份有限公司再生资源分公司 一种降低尾矿库外排废水中铜离子含量的方法
CN105174520A (zh) * 2015-09-30 2015-12-23 山东智博格瑞环保科技有限公司 一种酸性水除油处理方法
CN106673268A (zh) * 2017-02-27 2017-05-17 华油惠博普科技股份有限公司 油气田污水处理系统及其处理工艺
CN110845031A (zh) * 2019-11-01 2020-02-28 浙江不可比喻服饰有限公司 一种处理服装生产产生的污水净化装置
CN112390414A (zh) * 2020-11-13 2021-02-23 华能澜沧江水电股份有限公司 一种大中型水电站含油污水处理系统
CN112624406A (zh) * 2020-12-17 2021-04-09 华东理工大学 钻井污水的深度净化方法及装置
CN112927594A (zh) * 2021-02-01 2021-06-08 中国石油大学(华东) 教学用自然除油实验装置

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