WO2011121119A2 - Jeu de tuyaux d'orgues - Google Patents
Jeu de tuyaux d'orgues Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011121119A2 WO2011121119A2 PCT/EP2011/055121 EP2011055121W WO2011121119A2 WO 2011121119 A2 WO2011121119 A2 WO 2011121119A2 EP 2011055121 W EP2011055121 W EP 2011055121W WO 2011121119 A2 WO2011121119 A2 WO 2011121119A2
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- pipes
- organ
- pipe
- assembly
- harmonic
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10B—ORGANS, HARMONIUMS OR SIMILAR WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ASSOCIATED BLOWING APPARATUS
- G10B1/00—General design of organs, harmoniums or similar wind musical instruments with associated blowing apparatus
- G10B1/02—General design of organs, harmoniums or similar wind musical instruments with associated blowing apparatus of organs, i.e. pipe organs
- G10B1/04—General design of organs, harmoniums or similar wind musical instruments with associated blowing apparatus of organs, i.e. pipe organs with electric action
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
- G10B—ORGANS, HARMONIUMS OR SIMILAR WIND MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS WITH ASSOCIATED BLOWING APPARATUS
- G10B3/00—Details or accessories
- G10B3/08—Pipes, e.g. open pipes, reed pipes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to organ pipe games and musical instruments comprising such games.
- the organ is a musical instrument played using one or more keyboards, producing sounds using sets of sound pipes powered by a wind tunnel. Each set of pipes is called "game”.
- the keyboards can possibly be completed by a pedal.
- Each set of pipes generally consists of as many pipes as keys on a keyboard or pedal.
- the pipes of the same game are generally all of the same type and produce a similar tone.
- the last pipe of the game is then a pipe of half a foot, producing a frequency corresponding to a Ut 5.
- each pipe type In order to benefit from the richness of the stamps offered by each type of pipe, it is necessary to have a complete set of each pipe type. This is not without problems of congestion: typically an average organ comprises about 20 games, about 1200 pipes, having dimensions of 16 '(or 32') to / 32. This complexity excludes the installation of this type of instrument in single-family homes or apartments. Examples of such constructions can be found in Miller's recent "Revolution in Organ Bill", George Laing, translated from English and annotated by G. Bédart, published in 1914.
- the document FR 748.970 proposes to individually adapt the parameters of pipe diameter, and height and mouth width to adapt each pipe to the particular acoustics of the place in which the organ is used. This document proposes to vary these parameters in any way within the same game. Finally, the variability of these parameters is insufficient to produce variations of stamps generally corresponding to different registers.
- the present invention aims to provide a set of compact organ pipes with a variety of important stamps.
- the present invention seeks to combine harmonic poor pipes for the lowest frequencies with harmonic-rich pipes for medium frequencies without presenting an audible discontinuity at the level of the patch between two adjacent notes.
- the present invention also aims to propose combinations of particular sounds.
- the present invention discloses a set of organ pipes comprising at least 54 pipes characterized in that said game has a variation of the richness of the harmonics generated, in use, by said pipes, and in that the intensity of the first harmonic relative to the intensity of the fundamental has a maximum at a frequency between 150 and 500 Hz, preferably between 200 and 300 Hz and the maximum having a difference of at least 20 dB (preferably 30 dB) relative to at the intensity of the first harmonic relative to the intensity of the root of the pipe producing the note at the lowest frequency.
- organ pipe set we mean a set of pipes distributed according to a predetermined range, each pipe producing a separate note.
- the set of organ pipes comprises one or a suitable combination of the following features:
- the game has pipes producing scores distributed from at least ut 1 (66 Hz) to at least ut5 (1 kHz) and in that the intensity ratio of the first harmonic relative to the fundamental frequency has a difference between the ut 3 (about 260 Hz) and ut 1 (about 66 Hz) greater than about 30 dB;
- the pipes are mouth pipes
- the variation of the harmonics is obtained by the use of at least three types of pipes selected from the group consisting of drone, flute, spindle, cone flute, flutes, main broad, main, salicional, gambe and piccolo;
- harmonics is obtained by the use, from the lowest frequencies to the highest frequencies, of drones, followed by flutes, followed by principal followed by gambes;
- the organ pipe set consists of drums with chimneys or half-baked flutes with chimneys;
- the organ pipe set includes double-mouth pipes
- the pipes producing the lowest tones are made of wood, followed by Pb / Sn alloys, the alloy pipes producing the lowest tones comprising more Pb than pipes producing the highest tones;
- the variation of the richness of the harmonics is obtained by varying the ratio of their length on their circumference.
- Bourdon type pipes, mouthpiece flute, flute, conical flute, flutes, main broad, main, salicional, gambe, piccolo, bumblebee fireplaces and chimney flutes are described in more detail in the reference work.
- Dom Bedos de Celles "the art of the organ builder" published in 1766 which we incorporate here by reference.
- pages 37 to 57 describe the traditional games
- pages 58 to 84 describe the tuning forks and the plate XVI still specifies the different forms.
- a particular preferred form of the invention relates to a set of pipe organ comprising more than 84 pipes spread over at least 7 octaves, the lowest octave or octaves being produced by clogged mouth pipes, the octave next by conical metal pipes, the first pipes of this octave comprising two mouths, the following pipes being less conical, to metal cylindrical pipes for the last octave or octaves.
- the invention relates to a set of pipe organ comprising at least 84 pipes distributed over at least 7 octaves, the lowest octave or octaves being produced by drones, the following pipes being flutes, followed by principal, the last notes being produced by legs.
- a second aspect of the invention relates to a wind instrument comprising a single set of organ pipes according to the invention and further comprising electrovalves for activating each pipe. individually, and a control unit controlling the activation of said solenoid valves.
- the wind instrument of the invention comprises one or a suitable combination of the following characteristics:
- control unit comprises at least one midi interface for connecting at least one keyboard to said control unit;
- control unit further comprises means for synthesizing sounds, preferably in the lowest frequencies (first octave);
- control unit makes it possible to split said single set into at least two sections
- control unit makes it possible to associate several pipes with a particular note according to harmonic mixtures
- a third aspect of the invention relates to a particular assembly of organ pipes, to reduce the space requirement of said assembly and to facilitate manufacture.
- This assembly of organ pipes comprises at least two mouth pipes formed of a front face, a rear face, side walls and partitions separating the individual pipes, the front face being pierced with mouths having a upper lip and a lower lip in the space defined between the partitions and bevels being disposed inside the pipes defining a light between the lower lips of the mouths and the bevels, the cavities defined under the bevels comprising means for individually feeding them in wind, and the cavities located above the bevels defining the resonator of each pipe.
- the organ pipe assembly according to the third aspect of the invention comprises one or a suitable combination of the following features:
- front and rear faces of the assembly are located in intersecting planes, so as to allow appropriate progression of the depth of the resonators relative to their heights;
- each pipe is adapted to the height of the corresponding resonators so as to allow appropriate progression of width of the resonators relative to their height;
- the front and / or rear face of the assembly has a stepped profile so as to define the individual height of each resonator
- the vertical position of the mouths and the bevels is varied so as to adapt the height of the resonators
- the pipes are plugged by means of movable buffers making it possible to adjust the height of the resonators;
- the front face is formed in two parts, a lower part comprising the lower lip of the mouths, and an upper part comprising the upper lip of the mouths
- partitions and walls are assembled to the front and rear faces by means of so-called dovetail joints.
- a fourth aspect of the invention relates to a method for determining a set of organ pipes in harmonic progression according to the invention comprising the following steps:
- procuring an organ of the prior art comprising a wide variety of separate pipe sets, preferably at least ten sets;
- the hoses composing the set of organ hoses in harmonic progression as a function of the harmonic components measured so that the intensity of the first harmonic relative to the intensity of the fundamental has a maximum at a frequency of between 150 and 500 Hz, preferably between 200 and 300 Hz and the maximum having a difference of at least 20 dB (preferably 30 dB) with respect to the intensity of the first harmonic relative to the intensity of the root of the pipe producing the note. at the lowest frequency.
- Figure 1 shows an organ pipe
- Figure 2 shows the first pipes of each octave of a set organ according to the invention.
- Figures 3a, b and c show an example of assembly of organ pipes according to the third aspect of the invention in front, side and top view.
- Figure 4 shows a front view of another example of assembly of organ pipes according to the third aspect of the invention.
- Figure 5 shows a front view of another example of assembly of organ pipes according to the third aspect of the invention, where the pipes are bumblebees.
- Figure 6 shows a prototype set of pipes according to the invention, comprising at the rear, a bumblebee assembly according to the third aspect of the invention.
- d diameter of the resonator at its open end or at the buffer.
- H height of the resonator.
- the present invention discloses a set of organ pipes comprising various types of pipes producing an almost continuous variation of the timbres between two pipes producing adjacent notes.
- the set of pipes of the present invention will therefore have a deliberately audible variation of one octave to another, while preserving the continuity between two adjacent notes.
- This progression of the stamps within the same game makes it possible to reduce the number of plays necessary for a given richness of stamp, and thus opens the possibility of producing mobile devices and little bulky.
- This small footprint opens the possibility to use this type of instruments in tight spaces, such as single-family homes or small concert halls.
- the pipes producing the brightest sonorities will be the pipes producing the medium frequency sounds (ie, the octaves from Ut 2 to Ut 4, or frequencies between 200Hz and 1kHz).
- This frequency range corresponds to the mezzo vocal soprano or soprano. These are usually the frequencies at which the human ear is most sensitive.
- the intensity of the first harmonic relative to the intensity of the fundamental frequency will vary from one pipe to the other monotonically increasing from the pipes producing the lowest notes to a maximum towards a frequency of between 150 and 500 Hz, preferably between 200 and 300 Hz, advantageously around 250 Hz.
- the difference in intensity of the first harmonic relative to the fundamental intensity will not vary by more than 20 dB on an octave.
- the difference in intensity of second and third harmonics relative to the fundamental intensity will not vary by more than 25 dB on an octave.
- the present invention takes advantage of the gradual variations of tone offered by the wide variety of shapes and materials available for the manufacture of organ pipes, particularly mouth pipes.
- the richness of the harmonics can be varied by changing the conicity of the resonator 1: plus the diameter d of the open end is small compared to the diameter D of the resonator 1 at the height of the mouth, minus the high harmonics will be present.
- the presence of a second mouth can further reduce the transition between clogged pipes and conical flutes.
- this transition between clogged pipes and open flutes poses an additional problem: the clogged pipes have the particularity of practically producing only odd harmonics, whereas the flutes have a monotonic reduction of the intensities of the successive harmonics, even and odd. .
- the second harmonic (3fo) is sometimes more intense than the fundamental one, and the fourth harmonic (5fo) is also very intense.
- the double-tapered conical pipe reduces this difference, presenting a second harmonic (3fo) more intense than the single-mouth pipe and a slightly reduced first harmonic (2fo).
- the first open conical pipes will have a double mouth, so as to soften the transition between clogged pipes and open pipes.
- the second parameter for varying the timbre of a pipe is the rigidity of the material used for its manufacture.
- the more rigid the material the more it will tend to generate high harmonics.
- a quasi-continuous gradation may for example be obtained using a Pb / Sn alloy which varies the proportions of Pb from one pipe to another (or from one octave to another).
- the present invention is not limited to mouth pipes but could easily be transposed to other types of pipes such as reed pipes.
- This assembly of organ pipes comprises at least two mouth pipes formed of a front face, a rear face, side walls and partitions separating the individual pipes.
- the rear face is advantageously produced in one piece, while the front face is optionally composed of two parts extending laterally on all the pipes.
- the front face is also produced in one piece.
- the front face is pierced with mouths having an upper lip and a lower lip in the space defined between the partitions.
- Bevels are arranged inside the pipes defining a light between the lower lips of the mouths and the bevels.
- the lower part comprises the lower lip of the mouths
- the upper part comprises the upper lip of the mouths
- the cavities defined under the bevels comprise means for individually feeding them in wind, and the cavities located above the bevels define the resonator of each pipe.
- the front and rear faces of the assembly are located in intersecting planes, so as to allow appropriate progression of the depth of the resonators relative to their heights.
- the width of each pipe is adapted to the height of the corresponding resonators so as to allow appropriate progression of width of the resonators relative to their height.
- the front and / or rear face of the assembly has a stepped profile so as to define the individual height of each resonator, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the vertical position of the mouths and bevels is varied to adapt the height of the resonators as shown in Figure 4.
- the pipes are plugged by means of movable pads for adjusting the height of the resonators as shown in Figure 5.
- the partitions and the walls are assembled to the front and rear faces by means of assemblies called dovetail.
- the front and rear faces will preferably be parallel.
- This type of assembly can be obtained for example from the construction set "bwatakoulys" described in document EP1022968.
- the set of pipes of the invention may be used as additional games in a conventional organ, but will preferably be used in a similar wind instrument, but physically presenting a single set of pipes.
- the pipes are fed through a bed base fed with wind by means of an electric blower.
- the wind supply of each pipe is controlled individually by solenoid valves controlled by a control unit, or combiner.
- the control unit will preferably include one or more interfaces of the MIDI type, in order to connect one or more MIDI compatible keyboards.
- the correspondence between the keys of the keyboard and the pipes can be made according to many divisions: either so-called fundamental divisions, according to which the first key of the keyboard corresponds to a C of one of the octaves previously defined, or so-called divisions of mutations for which the first key of the keyboard corresponds to another pipe, such as that corresponding to a flute of 10 feet 2/3 (fifth), 5 feet 1/3 (fifth) ,! foot 1/3/5 (third), ...
- the mutations will be associated with a fundamental division by means of separate keyboards.
- the combiner can also propose mixtures, in which several pipes correspond to a single key on the keyboard, according to predetermined harmonies. These mixtures typically associate a fundamental and one or more harmonics, or other harmonic combinations.
- a 32-foot set can be simulated by using a mixture simultaneously operating a fundamental frequency and its fifth (at the respective frequencies fo and 1.5 * fo, producing a resultant at fo / 2).
- the first octave can also be produced by a synthesizer, to reduce the clutter induced by the presence of clogged pipes 8 '(producing sounds corresponding to 16' open flutes).
- the set of pipes of the present invention can advantageously be associated with a synthesizer, including the entire range.
- the progression of the different pipes will be adapted according to the desired progression of the synthesizer.
- This association of the set of pipes of the invention with a synthesizer makes it possible to associate the "live" sounds of the real organ pipes with the synthetic sounds of the synthesizer.
- Example A prototype musical instrument according to a preferred form of the invention has been produced according to the specifications below.
- the organ of the embodiment of the invention comprises a single set of 109 pipes, distributed over 9 octaves, from Ut 0, corresponding to a flute of 16 feet to Ut 8 plus a pipe for Ut 9, corresponding to a flute of 1/32 foot, each octave comprising 12 halftones.
- the first twelve pipes, forming the first octave consist of wood pipes 4 comprising a buffer 3 at the end of the resonator, thus reducing the footprint for a given note.
- These clogged pipes correspond to the classic name of drones.
- the first pipe is a clogged pipe of 8 ', thus producing a sound corresponding to an open pipe of 16', that is an UtO at about 32 Hz.
- the square section has a side of 25cm.
- the second octave (Ut 1) 5 is also made up of twelve clogged wood pipes. These clogged pipes correspond to flutes plugged according to the classic name.
- the first pipe is a 4 'blocked pipe, thus producing a sound corresponding to an 8' open pipe, ie a Utl at around 64 Hz.
- the square section has a 13.5cm side.
- (Ut2) are conical pipes 6 of a Pb / Sn alloy rich in Pb.
- the Sn concentration of this alloy in the first pipe of this octave is 15%.
- the diameter at the mouth of this first pipe is 12cm, while the diameter of its free end is 2 cm.
- the first pipes of this octave also have the distinction of being “double-mouthed”. Out of the particularity "double mouth”, these pipes correspond to flutes with spindle.
- the fourth octave consists of twelve conical pipes 7 of the alloy Pb / Sn, whose Sn content is this time 35%.
- the UT3 of this octave has a diameter at the mouth of 4.6 cm, for a diameter at its free end of 3 cm. These pipes correspond to the traditional name of conical flutes.
- the fifth octave consists of twelve cylindrical pipes 8 whose lead content is 50%.
- the diameter of Ut4 is 2.6cm. These pipes correspond to large heads.
- the sixth octave consists of twelve cylindrical pipes 9 whose Sn content is 60%.
- the diameter of the Ut5 is 1.8cm. They correspond to piccolo according to the traditional name.
- the set of pipes following 1 'Ut 6 have a tin content of 70% and correspond to Piccolos according to the traditional denomination.
- the diameter of the Ut 6 is 1.3 cm.
- a single pipe 12 closes the eighth octave by a Ut9 pipe whose composition and shape is identical to that of the pipes of the ninth octave.
- FIG. 6 A prototype instrument according to this example is shown in Figure 6 (the octave starting UtO is not shown).
- the pipes corresponding to the octave starting at Utl consist of a pipe assembly 40.
- the sounds were recorded by means of two AudioTechnica AT-3032 mic, connected to a PCM D50 digital recorder, using a Sony XLR-1 adapter.
- the sounds obtained were then processed by Fourier transform (FFT) in order to extract the spectral components.
- FFT Fourier transform
- the intensity of the fundamental component and different harmonics was calculated and reported to the most intense component (OdB for the most intense component). The results are shown in Table 1.
- the progression of shapes and material will be determined by measuring the harmonic components of different games of the same organ to deduce which type of pipe to use to obtain a progression of the stamps according to the invention. 'invention. In this way, if you have access to an organ with enough different games, we will have available a large number of different types of pipes to determine which to use.
- Frequency Relative harmonic levels (dB) the harmonic
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/638,995 US20130036892A1 (en) | 2010-04-02 | 2011-04-01 | Set of organ pipes |
JP2013501864A JP2013524269A (ja) | 2010-04-02 | 2011-04-01 | オルガンパイプの列 |
CA2791835A CA2791835A1 (fr) | 2010-04-02 | 2011-04-01 | Jeu de tuyaux d'orgues |
EP11712246A EP2553678A2 (fr) | 2010-04-02 | 2011-04-01 | Jeu de tuyaux d'orgues |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
BE2010/0215A BE1019274A3 (fr) | 2010-04-02 | 2010-04-02 | Jeu de tuyaux d'orgues. |
BE2010/0215 | 2010-04-02 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011121119A2 true WO2011121119A2 (fr) | 2011-10-06 |
WO2011121119A3 WO2011121119A3 (fr) | 2011-12-01 |
Family
ID=43030735
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2011/055121 WO2011121119A2 (fr) | 2010-04-02 | 2011-04-01 | Jeu de tuyaux d'orgues |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20130036892A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2553678A2 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2013524269A (fr) |
BE (1) | BE1019274A3 (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2791835A1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011121119A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR101568015B1 (ko) | 2014-07-28 | 2015-11-10 | 유한회사 빅벨악기 | 대나무를 이용한 플루 파이프 및 이를 사용한 파이프 오르간 |
DE102019001664B3 (de) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-02-20 | Christoph Obst | Orgelpfeife |
JP2024045052A (ja) * | 2022-09-21 | 2024-04-02 | フェラーリ エッセ.ピー.アー. | 空力音生成システムを備えた道路車両 |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR748970A (fr) | 1933-01-12 | 1933-07-13 | Gonzalez Ets | Procédé de fabrication de jeux de tuyaux d'orgues et jeux d'orgues conformes à ceux obtenus par ce procédé |
EP1022968A1 (fr) | 1997-10-17 | 2000-08-02 | Christian Huyghe | Ensemble de construction |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3410947A (en) * | 1965-06-24 | 1968-11-12 | Conn Ltd C G | Sound reproducing system |
WO1997042621A1 (fr) * | 1996-05-02 | 1997-11-13 | Andrea Pach | Orgue |
US20100147133A1 (en) * | 2008-12-16 | 2010-06-17 | Paul Humphreys | Adaptable pipe instrument & methods of use thereof |
-
2010
- 2010-04-02 BE BE2010/0215A patent/BE1019274A3/fr active
-
2011
- 2011-04-01 EP EP11712246A patent/EP2553678A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-01 CA CA2791835A patent/CA2791835A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2011-04-01 US US13/638,995 patent/US20130036892A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2011-04-01 JP JP2013501864A patent/JP2013524269A/ja not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-04-01 WO PCT/EP2011/055121 patent/WO2011121119A2/fr active Application Filing
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR748970A (fr) | 1933-01-12 | 1933-07-13 | Gonzalez Ets | Procédé de fabrication de jeux de tuyaux d'orgues et jeux d'orgues conformes à ceux obtenus par ce procédé |
EP1022968A1 (fr) | 1997-10-17 | 2000-08-02 | Christian Huyghe | Ensemble de construction |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2791835A1 (fr) | 2011-10-06 |
EP2553678A2 (fr) | 2013-02-06 |
BE1019274A3 (fr) | 2012-05-08 |
US20130036892A1 (en) | 2013-02-14 |
JP2013524269A (ja) | 2013-06-17 |
WO2011121119A3 (fr) | 2011-12-01 |
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