WO2011120459A2 - Procédé, équipement, et dispositif de réseau pour réacheminements de messages - Google Patents

Procédé, équipement, et dispositif de réseau pour réacheminements de messages Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011120459A2
WO2011120459A2 PCT/CN2011/073689 CN2011073689W WO2011120459A2 WO 2011120459 A2 WO2011120459 A2 WO 2011120459A2 CN 2011073689 W CN2011073689 W CN 2011073689W WO 2011120459 A2 WO2011120459 A2 WO 2011120459A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
next hop
address
mac address
identification information
layer
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PCT/CN2011/073689
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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WO2011120459A3 (fr
Inventor
於少峰
任广涛
龙志平
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华为技术有限公司
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/073689 priority Critical patent/WO2011120459A2/fr
Priority to CN201180000590.2A priority patent/CN102217253B/zh
Publication of WO2011120459A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011120459A2/fr
Publication of WO2011120459A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011120459A3/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L45/00—Routing or path finding of packets in data switching networks
    • H04L45/66—Layer 2 routing, e.g. in Ethernet based MAN's

Definitions

  • the embodiments of the present invention relate to network communication technologies, and in particular, to a packet forwarding method, device, and network device. Background technique
  • An existing Layer 3 switch is configured to bind a physical port in the same virtual local area network (VLAN) to a virtual port (VLANIF) and configure an Internet Protocol (IP) address for the virtual port.
  • IP Internet Protocol
  • MAC Media Access Control
  • the VLANIF-based Layer 3 forwarding process is as follows: When receiving a packet, the forwarding module first searches the Layer 3 routing table according to the destination IP address of the packet, and obtains the outbound interface information and the next hop IP address corresponding to the destination IP address. The outbound interface information and the next hop IP address look up the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) table, obtain the corresponding MAC address and the outbound port information, and forward the packet to the physical port corresponding to the outbound port information. The network device corresponding to the MAC address. If the forwarding module searches for the ARP table based on the outbound interface information and the next hop IP address, it does not match the corresponding MAC address and the outbound port information. The ARP loss (MISS) message is reported to the ARP module. The ARP module sends the ARP module to the VLANIF. All the physical ports send ARP request packets for ARP learning.
  • ARP Address Resolution Protocol
  • the Layer 3 switch deletes the ARP table on the primary port.
  • the forwarding module receives the packet, the ARP packet is sent to the ARP module because the ARP table cannot be found.
  • the ARP module broadcasts an ARP request packet to all physical ports in the corresponding VLANIF. Perform ARP learning to establish an ARP table for storing the user's IP address, MAC address, and corresponding outgoing port information for the alternate port.
  • the embodiments of the present invention provide a packet forwarding method, a device, and a network device, which are used to solve the problem that the device is busy and the traffic is interrupted when the primary port and the standby port are switched in the prior art, and the efficiency of packet forwarding is improved.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a packet forwarding method, including:
  • next hop MAC address corresponding to the next hop identification information is composed;
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a message forwarding device, which includes:
  • the first obtaining module is configured to query the Layer 3 routing table according to the destination Internet Protocol IP address of the received packet, and obtain the next hop identification information;
  • a second obtaining module configured to query an address resolution protocol ARP table according to the next hop identifier information, and obtain a next hop media access control MAC address corresponding to the next hop identifier information, where the ARP table is The first hop MAC address is configured by the next hop MAC address, and the third hopping module is configured to query the layer 2 forwarding table according to the next hop MAC address to obtain the next hop MAC address. Corresponding outgoing port information; The forwarding module is configured to forward the packet from the egress port corresponding to the egress port information.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides a network device, which includes the packet forwarding device provided by the embodiment of the invention.
  • the packet forwarding method, the device, and the network device in the embodiment of the present invention use the destination IP address of the received packet to query the Layer 3 routing table to obtain the next hop identification information, and then query the next hop identification information according to the next hop identification information.
  • the ARP table consisting of the next hop MAC address corresponding to the hop information and the next hop identifier information, obtains the corresponding MAC address, and then queries the Layer 2 forwarding table according to the obtained MAC address, and obtains the location from the Layer 2 forwarding table.
  • the technical solution of forwarding the packet from the outbound port of the MAC address, and the ARP table includes only the next hop identification information and the corresponding MAC address, and no longer includes the MAC address corresponding to the MAC address.
  • the ARP learning is not required.
  • the learning of the Layer 2 forwarding table is used to update the correspondence between the MAC address and the outgoing port information. This solves the problem of generating a large number of ARP Miss reports when the port is switched.
  • the message and the ARP request packet cause the device to be busy and the traffic is interrupted in an instant, which improves the forwarding efficiency of the packet.
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a packet forwarding method according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a packet forwarding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a packet forwarding apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. detailed description
  • FIG. 1 is a flowchart of a packet forwarding method according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 1, the method of this embodiment includes:
  • Step 11 Query the Layer 3 routing table according to the destination IP address of the received packet to obtain the next hop identification information.
  • the Layer 3 switch When other devices on the network send packets to the Layer 3 switch, they will carry the IP address information (source IP address and destination IP address) in the packets to be forwarded by the Layer 3 switch.
  • the Layer 3 switch performs Layer 3 forwarding based on the Layer 3 routing table stored therein.
  • the Layer 3 routing table stores the destination IP address and the next hop identification information corresponding to the destination IP address.
  • the next hop identification information in this embodiment is mainly the information of the outbound interface corresponding to the destination IP address and the next hop IP address of the outbound interface of the route.
  • the outbound interface information includes the outbound interface type and the outbound interface index.
  • the outbound interface is the physical port of the VLANIF
  • the outbound interface is VLANIF
  • the outbound interface index is the VLANIF ID of the VLANIF. For example, if the VLANIF corresponding to VLAN 100 is created, the outbound interface index corresponding to VLANIF is VLAN 100.
  • the Layer 3 switch parses the packet and obtains the destination IP address of the packet.
  • the Layer 3 routing table is queried with the destination IP address of the packet. If the IP address of the same IP address is found in the Layer 3 routing table, The next hop identification information corresponding to the IP address with the same destination IP address.
  • the local Layer 3 switch is the last hop of the received packet, that is, the destination IP address of the packet is the IP address of a physical port of the Layer 3 switch, the next hop identification information is obtained.
  • the lieutenant will not include the next hop IP address, but only the routing outbound interface information. If the local Layer 3 switch is not the last hop, the obtained next hop identification information includes both the outbound interface information and the next hop IP address.
  • the physical interface of the outbound interface is the VLANIF identifier, which is the VLAN ID corresponding to the VLANIF.
  • Step 12 Query the ARP table according to the next hop identification information, and obtain the information corresponding to the next hop identification information. a next hop MAC address, where the ARP table is composed of the next hop identification information and the next if mega MAC address corresponding to the next hop identification information;
  • the next hop MAC address refers to the MAC address of the physical device corresponding to the next hop IP address.
  • the ARP table is composed of the next hop identification information and a corresponding next hop MAC address. That is, when the next hop identification information includes the next hop IP address, the ARP table includes only the corresponding information of the outbound interface information, the next hop IP address, and the next hop MAC address; and the next hop identification information does not include the next hop IP address.
  • the ARP table only includes the outbound interface information, the IP address of a physical port on the Layer 3 switch (that is, the destination IP address of the port), and the MAC address of the device directly connected to the physical port.
  • the Layer 3 switch specifically searches for the ARP table by using the outbound interface identifier (and the next hop IP address).
  • the MAC address (that is, the next hop MAC address) of the entry in the ARP table that matches the route outbound interface identifier and the next hop IP address.
  • the next hop MAC address can uniquely identify the next message received.
  • the Layer 3 switch queries the ARP table with the outgoing interface identifier and the destination IP address in the packet, and obtains the route and the route in the ARP table.
  • the MAC address (that is, the next hop MAC address) in the entry that matches the destination IP address and the destination IP address in the packet.
  • the physical device corresponding to the next hop MAC address is directly connected to the Layer 3 switch through the physical port corresponding to the outbound interface identifier, and is the final receiver of the packet.
  • Step 13 Query the Layer 2 forwarding table according to the next hop MAC address, and obtain the outbound port corresponding to the next hop MAC address.
  • the Layer 3 switch obtains the next hop MAC address after querying the ARP table.
  • the Layer 2 forwarding table is further queried according to the obtained next hop MAC address, to obtain the port information corresponding to the next hop MAC address (that is, the outbound port information).
  • a Layer 2 forwarding table is also stored on the Layer 3 switch, and the Layer 2 forwarding table stores three layers.
  • the port information of the switch and the MAC address of the network device connected to each physical port are used by the Layer 3 switch for Layer 2 forwarding.
  • the Layer 3 switch uses the obtained next hop MAC address as an input to query the Layer 2 forwarding table, and obtains the port information corresponding to the MAC address of the Layer 2 forwarding table that is the same as the next hop MAC address.
  • Step 14 Forward the packet from the egress port corresponding to the egress port information.
  • the Layer 3 switch After obtaining the egress port corresponding to the next hop MAC address, the Layer 3 switch forwards the packet from the egress port, that is, forwards the packet to the network device corresponding to the next hop MAC address.
  • the Layer 3 switch first searches the Layer 3 routing table according to the destination IP address of the packet, obtains the next hop identification information, and then queries the ARP table according to the next hop identification information to obtain the next hop MAC address. Then, the device searches for the Layer 2 forwarding table according to the obtained next hop MAC address, obtains the egress port, and forwards the packet through the egress port, so that the ARP table can include only the next hop identification information and the corresponding MAC address, and no longer includes The port information corresponding to the MAC address. Therefore, when intra-VLAN port switching occurs, ARP learning is not required. The learning of the MAC address and port information can be updated by learning the Layer 2 forwarding table.
  • the switch has a large number of ARP Miss packets and ARP request packets, which causes the Layer 3 switch to be busy and interrupted. This improves the forwarding efficiency of packets.
  • the primary port and the backup port are switched, and the network device connected to the primary port is connected to the Layer 3 switch through another physical port (backup port).
  • the switch between the switch and the network device has been switched.
  • the outbound interface before and after the switch belongs to the same VLAN. Therefore, the mapping between the VLANIF identifier and the MAC address does not change.
  • the ARP table in this embodiment only includes the VLANIF identifier, the next hop IP address, and the next hop.
  • the correspondence between the MAC addresses and the port information is not included. Therefore, the information in the ARP table does not change when the egress port is switched.
  • the ARP Miss message and the large number of ARP requests are not generated.
  • the packet is used to reduce the load on the Layer 3 switch.
  • the ARP learning does not cause traffic interruption caused by ARP learning, which improves the efficiency and quality of forwarding packets.
  • the Layer 3 switch when receiving a packet, the Layer 3 switch establishes a physical port by obtaining the physical MAC address used to receive the packet and parsing the received packet to obtain the source MAC address. The correspondence between the MAC addresses of the network devices connected to the physical ports to form a Layer 2 forwarding table.
  • the Layer 3 switch dynamically updates the Layer 2 forwarding table according to the actual usage of its physical ports. The update process is the same as the process of forming the Layer 2 forwarding table.
  • the Layer 3 switch learns that the physical port is switched according to the received packet, and updates the Layer 2 forwarding table according to the switched physical port, that is, the MAC address corresponding to the original port.
  • the corresponding port information is updated to the outbound port after the switch; the updated Layer 2 forwarding table stores the correspondence between the information of the outbound port and the MAC address corresponding to the original port. Since the Layer 2 forwarding table on the Layer 3 switch is usually maintained by a dedicated hardware module, its update speed is relatively fast.
  • the Layer 3 switch when the port is switched, when the Layer 3 switch queries the Layer 2 forwarding table to perform Layer 2 forwarding according to the MAC address obtained by querying the ARP table, the Layer 3 switch can obtain the correct outgoing port.
  • the outbound port ensures that packets are forwarded through the correct outbound interface, which ensures that packets are successfully forwarded.
  • the method before the next hop MAC address corresponding to the next hop identification information is obtained by querying the ARP table according to the next hop identification information, the method further includes: generating an ARP table according to the received ARP response message. .
  • the Layer 3 switch when receiving the first packet, the Layer 3 switch generates an ARP request packet according to the destination IP address of the first packet, and broadcasts on the physical port of the corresponding VLANIF according to the VLAN value carried in the packet.
  • the ARP request packet after receiving the ARP request packet, the other network device in the same VLAN that is connected to the Layer 3 switch in the network determines whether the IP address of the device is the same as the IP address used for the MAC address in the ARP request packet. If they are not the same, they do not respond.
  • the ARP response packet carries the IP address and MAC address of the network device.
  • the Layer 3 switch After receiving the ARP response packet, the Layer 3 switch receives the information of the outgoing interface of the ARP response packet, that is, the VLAN ID and VLANIF type of the VLANIF, and the IP address and MAC address of the network device in the ARP response packet. Store to form ARP table. The information of the outbound interface and the IP address of the network device are used as the next hop identification information, and the MAC address of the network device is used as the next hop MAC address.
  • the Layer 3 switch learns only the information of the egress port to the VLANIF layer, instead of learning the specific physical port, and realizes the separation between the ARP table and the physical port.
  • the device does not need to perform ARP learning when the intra-VLAN port is switched.
  • the queried ARP is used to obtain the next hop MAC address.
  • the Layer 2 forwarding table is used to find the egress port according to the obtained next hop MAC address.
  • the packet forwarding method in this embodiment first searches for the Layer 3 routing table to obtain the next hop identification information, queries the ARP table according to the next hop identification information, and obtains the next hop MAC address, and then searches for the second layer according to the next hop MAC address.
  • the message is forwarded to the Layer 2 forwarding module by the Layer 3 forwarding module.
  • the Layer 2 forwarding module forwards the packet based on the obtained egress port.
  • the Layer 3 forwarding and Layer 2 forwarding are combined to successfully forward the packet.
  • the ARP table is separated from the physical port information, and ARP learning is not required when the intra-VLAN port is switched. This solves the problem that a large number of ARP Miss messages and a large number of ARP request packets are generated due to intra-VLAN port switching.
  • the three-layer switch is very busy and the traffic is interrupted, which improves the success rate of packet forwarding.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a packet forwarding apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 2, the apparatus in this embodiment includes: a first acquiring module 21, a second obtaining module 22, a third obtaining module 23, and a forwarding module 24.
  • the first obtaining module 21 is configured to query the Layer 3 routing table according to the destination IP address of the received packet to obtain the next hop identification information.
  • the destination IP address and destination are stored in the Layer 3 routing table in this embodiment.
  • the next hop identification information corresponding to the IP address; the next hop identification information is the information of the outbound interface corresponding to the destination IP address and the next hop IP address of the outbound interface of the route.
  • the information of the outbound interface includes the outbound interface type and Outbound interface index.
  • the second hop block 22 is connected to the first hop module 21, and is configured to query the ARP table according to the next hop identification information acquired by the first obtaining module 21, and obtain a next hop MAC corresponding to the next hop identifier information.
  • the ARP table in this embodiment is composed of the next hop identification information and the next hop MAC address corresponding to the next hop identification information.
  • the third obtaining module 23 is connected to the second obtaining module 22,
  • the second layer forwarding table is used to query the second-layer forwarding table according to the next hop MAC address obtained by the second obtaining module 22, and obtain the outbound port information corresponding to the next hop MAC address.
  • the forwarding module 24 is connected to the third obtaining module 23, and is configured to forward the outbound port corresponding to the outbound port information obtained by the third obtaining block 23 from the packet.
  • the foregoing function module of the packet forwarding device in this embodiment can be used to perform the process of the packet forwarding method provided in the foregoing embodiment.
  • the working principle is not described here. For details, refer to the description of the method embodiment.
  • the packet forwarding device of the present embodiment obtains the next hop identification information by using the first acquiring module to query the Layer 3 routing table, and the second obtaining module queries the AP table to obtain the next hop MAC address, and then queries the second layer through the third obtaining module.
  • the forwarding table obtains the egress port, and the forwarding module forwards the packet from the egress port, so that the ARP table can include only the next hop identification information and the corresponding MAC address, and no longer includes the port information corresponding to the MAC address, therefore,
  • the packet forwarding device in this embodiment does not need to perform ARP learning when forwarding packets.
  • the learning of the Layer 2 forwarding table can be used to update the correspondence between the MAC address and the port information.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a packet forwarding apparatus according to another embodiment of the present invention. The embodiment is implemented based on the embodiment shown in FIG. 2. As shown in FIG. 3, the apparatus of this embodiment further includes: a generating module 31.
  • the generating module 31 is configured to generate an ARP table according to the received ARP response packet before the second obtaining module 22 queries the ARP table.
  • the packet forwarding device generates an ARP request packet according to the first packet received, and broadcasts the generated ARP request packet to all the physical ports in the VLAN where the packet is sent.
  • the ARP request packet is received.
  • the network device determines whether the IP address of the requesting MAC address in the ARP request packet is the same as the IP address of the ARP request packet, and determines that the same network device generates an ARP response packet including the IP address and the MAC address and sends the packet to the packet forwarding.
  • the device is specifically sent to the generating module 31 in the message forwarding device.
  • the generating module 31 is configured to receive the information of the routing interface of the ARP response packet.
  • the outbound interface information mainly refers to the VLAN value corresponding to the VALNIF (that is, the VLANIF identifier) and the VLANIF type.
  • the IP address and MAC address of the device are stored to form an ARP table.
  • the message forwarding device of this embodiment further includes: an update module 32.
  • the update module 32 is configured to update the port information corresponding to the next hop MAC address in the Layer 2 forwarding table to be the switched out port when the egress port is switched.
  • the update module 32 can obtain the physical port connected to the physical port and the physical port by obtaining the physical port used to receive the packet and parsing the source MAC address in the received packet when receiving the packet.
  • the correspondence between the MAC addresses is generated or updated according to the obtained correspondence. If the physical port corresponding to the obtained MAC address is different from that stored in the Layer 2 forwarding table, the port information corresponding to the MAC address in the Layer 2 forwarding table is changed to the information of the newly acquired physical port.
  • the packet forwarding device in this embodiment may be the last hop or not the last hop of the received packet. If the packet forwarding device in this embodiment is the last hop of the packet, the next hop identification information acquired by the first obtaining module 21 does not include the next hop IP address, but only the routing outbound interface information (mainly If the packet forwarding device of the present embodiment is not the last hop of the packet, the next hop identification information acquired by the first obtaining module 21 includes the outbound interface information (mainly The route outbound interface identifier and the next hop IP address.
  • the embodiment provides an implementation structure of the second obtaining module 22.
  • Second acquisition module 22 Second acquisition module
  • the second obtaining module 22 includes: a first acquisition unit 221 and a second acquisition unit 222. If the outbound interface is the VLANIF as an example, the second obtaining module 22 works as follows: When the next hop identification information acquired by the first obtaining module 21 includes the VLANIF identifier and the next hop IP address, the first acquiring unit 221 The VLANIF identifier and the next hop IP address are used as input parameters to query the ARP table to obtain the next hop MAC address. When the next hop identification information acquired by the first obtaining module 21 does not include the next hop IP address, the second acquisition is performed. The unit 222 uses the VLANIF identifier and the destination IP address in the packet as input parameters to query the ARP table to obtain the next hop MAC address.
  • the packet forwarding device in this embodiment may be a network device having a packet forwarding function, such as a Layer 3 switch.
  • the first obtaining module 21, the second obtaining module 22, and the generating module in the packet forwarding device of this embodiment The block 31 is mainly processed based on the layer 3 routing table, and can be divided into three layers of function modules; and the third obtaining module 23, the forwarding module 24, and the updating module 32 are mainly processed based on the layer 2 forwarding table, which can be divided into The second layer of functional modules.
  • the packet forwarding device of the present embodiment first searches for the Layer 3 routing table to obtain the next hop identification information by using the foregoing function module or unit, and queries the ARP table according to the next hop identification information to obtain the next hop MAC address.
  • the Layer 2 forwarding table is searched according to the next hop MAC address, and the packet is forwarded by the Layer 3 function module to the Layer 2 function module, and then the Layer 2 function module forwards the packet according to the obtained egress port, and forwards the Layer 3 packet.
  • Layer 2 forwarding is combined.
  • the ARP table is separated from the physical port information. ARP learning is not required when the intra-VLAN port is switched. This solves the problem of VLAN switching in the prior art. A large number of ARP Miss messages and a large number of ARP request packets cause the Layer 3 switch to be busy and interrupted. This improves the success rate of packet forwarding.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a network device, where the network device includes a packet forwarding device.
  • the network device includes a packet forwarding device.
  • the description of the working process of the packet forwarding device refer to the description of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1.
  • the structure refer to the description of the embodiment shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, and details are not described herein again.
  • the network device in this embodiment may be a Layer 3 switch, etc., and may use the process of the packet forwarding method provided by the foregoing method to forward the packet, which solves the problem that a large number of ARP Miss messages are generated due to port switching in the VLAN.
  • the problem that the Layer 3 switch is busy and the traffic is interrupted due to a large number of ARP request packets improves the success rate of packet forwarding.

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  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne, par ses différents modes de réalisation, un procédé, un équipement, et un dispositif de réseau, utilisés pour le réacheminement de messages. Ce procédé de réacheminement de messages comporte les différentes étapes suivantes. On demande d'abord à une table d'acheminement de couche 3 d'acquérir l'information d'identification de saut suivant, conformément à l'adresse IP de destination d'un message reçu. On demande ensuite à une table ARP de protocole de résolution d'adresses (Address Resolution Protocol) d'acquérir l'adresse MAC de commande d'accès aux supports (Media Access Control) du saut suivant correspondant à l'information l'identification de saut suivant. Cette table ARP est constituée de l'information d'identification de saut suivant et de l'adresse MAC de saut suivant correspondant à l'information d'identification de saut suivant. Dès lors, on demande à une table de réacheminement de couche 2 d'acquérir l'information de port de sortie correspondant à l'adresse MAC de saut suivant, conformément à l'adresse MAC de saut suivant. Enfin, on conclut par le réacheminement définitif du message via le port de sortie correspondant à l'information de port de sortie. La solution technique proposée par la présente invention pour réacheminer le message permet de résoudre le problème de l'occupation instantanée du dispositif et le problème de l'interruption du trafic lorsque ces problèmes sont causés par un grand nombre de messages "ARP Miss" et que la génération des messages de demande d'ARP utilise encore l'état de la technique actuelle pour la commutation de port dans un réseau local virtuel VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network). L'invention permet ainsi d'améliorer l'efficacité de réacheminement du message.
PCT/CN2011/073689 2011-05-05 2011-05-05 Procédé, équipement, et dispositif de réseau pour réacheminements de messages WO2011120459A2 (fr)

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CN201180000590.2A CN102217253B (zh) 2011-05-05 2011-05-05 报文转发方法、装置及网络设备

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