WO2011120279A1 - 智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理系统及方法 - Google Patents

智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理系统及方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011120279A1
WO2011120279A1 PCT/CN2010/076414 CN2010076414W WO2011120279A1 WO 2011120279 A1 WO2011120279 A1 WO 2011120279A1 CN 2010076414 W CN2010076414 W CN 2010076414W WO 2011120279 A1 WO2011120279 A1 WO 2011120279A1
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intelligent
treatment
reactor
heating
main
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PCT/CN2010/076414
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English (en)
French (fr)
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周剑浩
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上海锦泰新能源环保科技有限公司
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Publication of WO2011120279A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011120279A1/zh

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B09—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE; RECLAMATION OF CONTAMINATED SOIL
    • B09B—DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B09B3/00—Destroying solid waste or transforming solid waste into something useful or harmless
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00—Solid fuels
    • C10L5/40—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/46—Solid fuels essentially based on materials of non-mineral origin on sewage, house, or town refuse
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10L—FUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • C10L9/08—Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion by heat treatments, e.g. calcining
    • C10L9/086—Hydrothermal carbonization
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method and a processing apparatus for treating and recycling organic solid waste, and in particular to an intelligent organic solid waste subcritical water resource processing equipment and system.
  • Subcritical water refers to compressed liquid water having a temperature between 180 ° C and 350 Torr.
  • subcritical water has a small enough dielectric constant to dissolve both organic and inorganic substances. Characteristics; At the same time, subcritical water also has the advantages of excellent mass transfer performance and environmental protection.
  • the use of subcritical water technology can decompose cellulose, starch, higher fatty acids, and some plastics in waste, and convert macromolecules into small organic fatty acids and other organic products such as oligosaccharides. Therefore, the use of subcritical water for waste recycling has broad application prospects.
  • the organic solids contain a large amount of wastes of the above-mentioned celluloses, starches, and higher fatty acids, and there are also plastic materials that are difficult to degrade.
  • the organic solid wastes are treated with subcritical water, and they are recycled and reused.
  • this type of technology currently has problems such as poor equipment set, difficulty in selecting a heating system, and limited batch processing.
  • the domestic garbage disposal method described in Chinese Patent Application No. 200710039019. 7 is characterized in that the organic matter is subjected to high temperature and high pressure hydrolysis hydrothermal oxidation treatment, which comprises subjecting the sorted organic matter to acid treatment and preheating. Then heat to 150 ° C - 200 ° C to pressurize
  • the present invention provides an intelligent organic solid waste subcritical water resource treatment complete equipment and system, which can realize remote monitoring and operation of the whole system equipment through intelligent control; according to actual production and equipment operation management
  • the requirements can realize the "four remote" control of remote signaling, telemetry, remote adjustment and remote control of the system; it can realize the batch operation of several groups of reactors, improve the heat utilization efficiency of heating equipment, improve the processing efficiency of the system, and expand Processing mo, energy saving; can realize a wide range of temperature and pressure adjustment, according to the different temperature and pressure requirements of different material reactions, can increase the temperature control of the heat medium heat supply, increase the heating speed, P compete for low energy costs.
  • Intelligent intelligent solid waste subcritical water resource treatment complete equipment and system including pretreatment device, conveying device, main processing reactor, heating device, tail product transportation device, tail product processing device, exhaust gas treatment device and intelligence Automatic control device, containing materials a process connection line, a heating and steam connection line and an electric appliance automatic control line, the material flow connection line: the pretreatment device, the conveying device, the main processing reactor, the tail product transportation device and the tail product processing device are sequentially connected;
  • the electrical automatic control circuit line: the intelligent automatic control device comprises an intelligent control interface, The pretreatment device, the conveying device, the main processing reactor, the tail product transportation device, the exhaust gas treatment device and the exhaust gas treatment device are respectively connected.
  • the main processing reactor may be connected in series and connected to the intelligent organic solid waste subcritical water resources processing equipment and system through a sequence of batch design requirements.
  • the intelligent automatic control device sets the heating device selection and the main batch process of the main processing reactor and the operation of other equipments, and collects the key data of the equipment for safety monitoring.
  • the pretreatment and conveying device are set in the main processing reactor.
  • the pre-processed materials are initially crushed and mixed into the main treatment reactor for treatment.
  • the main treatment reactor is set up according to the need to set up several sets of organic solid waste subcritical water resources treatment.
  • the tail product transportation and treatment device is completed.
  • the sieving and drying process is completed and the exhaust gases produced by the system are disposed of by the exhaust gas treatment unit.
  • a heat jacket is disposed outside the main treatment reactor, and a pressure sensor, a temperature sensor, a feed ball valve actuator, an inlet balloon valve actuator, an exhaust ball valve actuator, and a discharge ball valve actuator are disposed on the kettle body.
  • the heating device comprises a steam generator and a heat medium heat supply.
  • a steam generator When the reaction condition of the material to be treated is lower than 210 ° C and 2 MPa, only steam generator is used for steam heating; when the material to be treated needs reaction
  • the steam generator and The heat medium heater is combined with heat.
  • the intelligent fully automatic control device forms a sequence of reactions in the main treatment reactor by controlling the feed ball valve actuator and the discharge ball valve actuator, the inlet balloon valve actuator and the exhaust ball valve actuator.
  • the reaction; the pressure and temperature in the main treatment reactor are kept normal by the control of the pressure sensor and the temperature sensor, and emergency preparation is made; the remote monitoring and control needs are realized through the intelligent control interface.
  • An intelligent organic solid waste subcritical water resource treatment method is realized by the following steps:
  • the steam generator and the heat medium heater are selected as the heating device of the main processing reactor by intelligent control to achieve the purpose of energy saving;
  • Real-time control realizes the local control of the whole equipment system, including setting the safety pressure and temperature limit of the main treatment reactor, and setting the sequence operation of the main treatment reactor. Set the linkage control process of each device and valve actuator, and realize remote monitoring and control through intelligent control interface;
  • Material pretreatment The organic solid waste to be treated is pulverized and stored in the pretreatment device, and is added to the main treatment reaction tank by adding the ingredients;
  • Sequencing batch type reaction Using intelligent control means and several groups of main processing reactors in parallel to realize the sequential batch process design of input, heating, holding and discharging of each main processing reactor to achieve productivity And the purpose of expanding the throughput;
  • Tail product treatment The fully reacted tail product is transported to the system by a tail product transport unit.
  • the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows: 1.
  • the steam generator and the heat medium heater are used in combination. Can handle a variety of organic solid waste. Short heating time, energy saving and efficient.
  • Subcritical water treatment process It can avoid the "dioxin" produced in the heat treatment of waste.
  • the process has no waste gas and waste water discharge, and the treatment system has high environmental safety. After the reaction, fertilizer, fuel or feed is produced to realize the resource utilization of waste.
  • FIG. 5 is a flow chart of an intelligent organic solid waste subcritical water resource treatment system.
  • FIG. 2 is a flow chart of a sequential batch reaction process using two main processing reactors as an example. The following further describes the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. .
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the intelligent organic solid waste subcritical water resources treatment system.
  • the pretreatment device comprises a crusher 1 and a storage box 2, and the conveying device adopts a screw conveyor 3. After the material to be processed is properly proportioned, the material to be treated by the crusher 1 is crushed and stored, according to the reaction processing requirement, by the spiral
  • the conveyor 3 carries out material transport.
  • the tail product transport device and the tail product processing device including a belt conveyor 6 and a screening machine, After the main treatment reactor is reacted, the raw materials are produced, and the impurities are sieved by the siever 7, and then naturally dried to form a package.
  • the exhaust gas treatment device includes a dust remover 8 and a deodorizing device 9. After the main treatment reactor is processed, the exhaust gas is exhausted, dusted and partially cooled by the dust remover 8, and then discharged by the deodorizing device 9 to reach the standard discharge.
  • the main equipments of intelligent organic solid waste subcritical water resources treatment system include crusher 1, storage tank 2, screw conveyor 3, main processing reactors 4A and 4B, reactor hot jackets 5A and 5B, belt conveyor 6, The sieving machine 7, the dust remover 8, the deodorizing device 9, the steam generator 10, the heat medium heater 11, and the intelligent console 12.
  • the main control signal components of the main treatment reactor 4A are pressure sensor 4A1, temperature sensor 4A2, feed ball valve actuator 4A3, inlet balloon valve actuator 4A4, exhaust ball valve actuator 4A5, and discharge ball valve actuator 4A6.
  • the main treatment reactor 4B is attached to the reaction vessel 4A.
  • Material flow The material and plant waste are crushed by the crusher 1 and then enter the storage tank 2. According to the reaction treatment, the materials to be treated are transported by the screw conveyor 3 to the designated main treatment reactor 4A or 4B, and the materials are executed through the reaction tank feed ball valve.
  • the device 4A3 or 4B3 enters the main processing reactor, and the subcritical water treatment is performed in the main processing reactor 4A or 4B.
  • the material is discharged through the main processing reactor discharge ball valve actuator 4A6 or 4B6, and is conveyed through the belt.
  • the machine 6 is collected and transported, and the tail product is sieved by the sieving machine 7 to become a qualified raw material, and naturally dried to become a product.
  • This process is a thermal reaction, which is mainly performed by the steam generator 10 and the heat medium heater 11. It can be completely reacted at 210 ° C and 2 MPa for kitchen waste. When the material is processed, it is only necessary to use the steam generator 10. There are two cases in which different heating devices are selected. In the first case, the steam generator 10 and the heat medium heater 11 are used in combination: steam heating is performed by the steam generator 10 at the beginning of the reaction heating, and the high temperature and high pressure steam is The inlet balloon valve actuator 4A4 or 4B4 controls access to the main processing reactor. When the temperature is raised to 120-200 °C and the pressure is 0. 198-1.
  • the inlet balloon valve actuator 4A4 or 4B4 is closed, and the main processing reactor hot jacket 5A or 5B valve is opened for organic heat carrier heating.
  • the pressure is 1. 55-8. 59MPa.
  • the temperature and pressure are maintained for a certain period of time within a certain reaction value, and the heat medium heater 11 stops heating after the reaction is completed.
  • the exhaust ball valve actuator 4A5 or 4B5 is opened and deflated.
  • the gas enters the dust collector 8 for dust removal and preliminary cooling, and finally is deodorized by the deodorizing device 9; in the second case, only the steam generator 10 is selected: the steam generator 10 performs heating, and the main processing reactor 4A Or after the temperature pressure in 4B is stable, continue to maintain a reaction time, specifically from the initial set value, until the reaction is completed, the balloon valve actuator 4A4 or 4B4 is closed, and the exhaust ball valve actuator 4A5 or 4B5 is opened for deflation. .
  • the exhaust gas enters the dust collector 8 for dust removal and preliminary cooling, and finally deodorization treatment is performed by the deodorizing device 9.
  • the programming of the overall operational control through the intelligent console 12 allows the system to operate in accordance with predetermined procedures.
  • the reactor pressure sensors 4A1, 4B1 and temperature sensors 4A2, 4B2 provide feedback signals to the smart phone console 12 to signal control of the process, and intelligently control the system equipment through time control and logic control.
  • Feeding stage The crusher 1 is controlled by the intelligent console 12 to crush the materials and ingredients; the material is crushed and then enters the storage tank 2; the intelligent console 12 controls the screw conveyor 3 to transport the material to the main processing reactor 4A.
  • the feed ball valve actuator 4A3 is opened, the main process reactor 4A is turned on, and the main process reactor 4A enters the feed input stage; when the main process reactor 4 A feed time is completed, the smart console 12 closes the feed ball valve actuator 4A3, simultaneously open the feed ball valve actuator 4B3, control the screw conveyor 3 to carry out the material conveying task for the reaction kettle 4B, with the 4 A feeding control, stop the screw conveyor when the two reactors are running; heating control: at the same time intelligent The console 12 controls the steam generator 10 to perform steam delivery, opens the balloon valve actuator 4 A4, closes other valves of the main processing reactor 4A, and enters the balloon valve actuator 4B4 to supply air to the main processing reactor 4A; After a period of time, when the probe signals of the pressure sensor 4A1 and the temperature sensor 4A2 are touched, the intelligent control console 12 controls the main processing reactor 4A to enter the second heating stage of the heating medium heating, and the reaction kettle 4B enters the steam.
  • the intelligent console 12 controls the heat medium heater 11 to maintain a constant temperature to maintain the reaction of the main processing reactor 4A; while the main processing reactor 4B at this time has reached the highest temperature in the first heating stage, the heat is supplied by the heat medium.
  • the heater 11 supplies heat to the main processing reactor 4A, so the main processing reactor 4B maintains heating in the first heating stage, and the intelligent controller 12 starts the main processing reactor 4B after the main processing reactor 4A enters the discharge stage.
  • heating method According to the type of organic solid waste to be treated, different heating methods are selected by intelligent automatic control system. If the reaction requires less than 210 ° C, 2 MPa, then arrange the steam generator for steam heating, if the reaction conditions are higher than 210 °C, 2MPa, then the steam generator and the heat medium heater jointly heat.
  • the specific heating process is that the steam generator is heated and pressurized to 120-200 ° C, and the pressure is 0. 198-1. 55 MPa, and then the high-temperature organic heat carrier at 200 ° C or higher is heated to heat and pressurize the main treatment reactor. Up to 200-300 ° C, pressure 1, 55-8, 59 MPa;
  • Real-time control realizes the local control of the whole equipment system, including setting the safety pressure and temperature limit of the main treatment reactor, and setting the sequence operation of the main treatment reactor. Set the linkage control process of each device and valve actuator, and realize remote monitoring and control through intelligent control interface;
  • Material pretreatment The organic solid waste to be treated is pulverized and stored in the pretreatment device, and is added to the main treatment reaction tank by adding the ingredients;
  • Sequencing batch reaction The control reactor and several groups of main treatment reactors are connected in parallel, and the subcritical water treatment reactions of input, heating, holding and discharging are repeated according to different sequencing batches. Including heating and holding phase, the total reaction time is 30-40min, and the materials to be treated undergo hydrolysis, catalysis, redox reaction, etc. under the conditions, and can be used for cellulose, starch, higher fatty acids, some plastics, etc. Macromolecular substances are converted into other organic products such as small molecule lower fatty acids and oligosaccharides.
  • Tail product treatment The fully reacted tail product is transported to the system by a tail product transport unit. When the reaction is completed, the material is substantially in the form of a powdery or granular material and is discharged. The exhaust gas is discharged into the dust collector and the deodorizing device, and the solid matter is sieved and naturally dried into a product.
  • Example 1 In order to further understand the present invention, the following are application examples of two sets of intelligent organic solid waste subcritical water resources processing equipment and systems for a reactor having a volume of 3 m 3 .
  • Example 1
  • the intelligent console indicates to enter the holding phase; at this time, the intelligent console control feeds the reactor 4B in the screw conveyor 3; after the holding phase is maintained for 30 minutes, the intelligent console controls the inlet valve actuator 4A4 Close, the control inlet balloon valve actuator 4B4 is opened, the steam generator 10 starts heating and heating the main treatment reactor 4B; then the exhaust ball valve actuator 4A5 of the main treatment reactor 4A is opened, and the exhaust gas enters the cyclone 8 and The deodorizing device 9 performs processing; after the exhausting is completed, the material is discharged through the discharge ball valve actuator 4A6, and the exhausting and discharging time is about 10 min; after the main

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  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Description

智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化処理系统及方法
技术领域 本发明涉及一种有机固废的处理和再利用的方法和处理装置，特 别涉及一种智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理成套设备及系统。
说
背景技术 亚临界水是指温度在 180 °C - 350 Ό之间的压缩液态水。 在亚临界 书
水中的 [H30+]和 [0H— ]已接近弱酸或弱碱， 因此自身具有酸催化与碱催 化功能； 亚临界水具有足够小的介电常数， 具有能同时溶解有机物和 无机物的特性； 同时亚临界水还具有优良传质性能和绿色环保等优 点。 利用亚临界水技术可使垃圾中的纤维素类、 淀粉类、 高级脂肪酸 类、 以及部分塑料类物质等进行分解反应，使大分子物质转变为小分 子类低级脂肪酸和低聚糖等其他有机产物，因此利用亚临界水进行废 弃物再资源化方面拥有广阔的应用前景。 有机固廈中含有大量的上述纤维素类、淀粉类、 高级脂肪酸类的 废弃物， 并且还有难以降解的塑料类物质， 将有机固废利用亚临界水 处理， 将其资源化处理再利用， 符合当前的 "低碳经济" 发展。 然而该类技术目前存在着设备成套性差，供热系统难选择，批次 处理量有限等问题。 如中国专利申请号 200710039019. 7所述生活垃 圾处理方法： 其特征在于有机物高温高压水解水热氧化处理， 包括将 分选出的有机物经酸处理， 预热。 然后加热至 150 °C - 200 °C加压至
替换页 (细则第 26条) 8-12Mpa保压 1. 5-2小时， 经膨化处理， 干燥， 破碎、 筛分处理、 制 肥。 该工艺需加酸进行酸化， 对容器材料要求高； 加热和加压系统分 开， 造成设备成本增加； 且热处理效果差， 造成反应时间长， 处理量 有限； 工艺流程冗长， 造成自动化程度低， 不可控污染点多， 以至工 况恶劣。 中国专利申请号 200920050434. 7所述装置特征中主要采用 电加热熔融盐进行反应釜加热 ,该加热方式对于大型反应釜来说力口热 速率较慢，反应时间长， 处理量有限。 日本专利公开号 2008-246300, 2003-306825, 2003-47409都记载有类似的垃圾处理装置, 但都存在 着加热时间长、 成本高、 自动化程度低、 处理量有限的技术问题。 为解决上述技术问题，本发明提供一种智能型有机固废亚临界水 资源化处理成套设备及系统，通过智能化控制， 可实现整套系统设备 的远程监控和操作； 根据实际生产及设备运行管理的要求， 可实现系 统的遥信、 遥测、 遥调、 遥控的 "四遥" 控制； 可实现若干组反应釜 装置序批列式运行， 提高供热设备热利用效率， 提高系统处理效率， 扩大处理 莫， 节能； 可实现大范围温度和压力的调节， 针对不同物 料反应对温度和压力要求的不同， 可增选热媒体供热器进行温度控 制， 提高加热速度， P争低能耗成本。
本发明是通过以下的技术方案实现的：
一种智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理成套设备及系统，包括 预处理装置、输送装置、主处理反应釜、供热装置、尾产物运输装置、 尾产物处理装置、废气处理装置和智能化全自动控制装置， 含有物料 流程连接线路，供热和蒸汽连接线路和电器自动控制线路， 所述物料 流程连接线路： 所述预处理装置、 输送装置、主处理反应釜、 尾产物 运输装置和尾产物处理装置依次连接； 所述供热和蒸汽连接线路： 所 述供热装置连接主处理反应釜， 主处理反应釜连接废气处理装置； 所 述电器自动控制线路线路：所述智能化全自动控制装置含有智能化控 制接口， 分别连接预处理装置、 输送装置、 主处理反应釜、 尾产物运 输装置、 尾气处理装置和废气处理装置。
所述主处理反应釜可以是若干个并联后， 通过序批列式设计要 求， 连接入所述智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理成套设备及系 统。智能化全自动控制装置设定供热装置选择和主处理反应釜的序批 列工序及其他各设备装置的运行，同时采集设备关键数据进行安全监 控，预处理和输送装置设置在主处理反应釜前对待处理物料进行初步 的破碎和混合配料后进入主处理反应釜进行处理 ,主处理反应釜根据 需要设置若干套进行有机固废亚临界水资源化处理，反应完成后由尾 产物运输和处理装置完成筛分和干燥过程，而系统所产生的废气则由 废气处理装置进行处置。
所述主处理反应釜外部设置热夹套， 釜体上设置压力传感器、 温 度传感器、 进料球阀执行器、 进气球阀执行器、 排气球阀执行器、 排 料球阀执行器。
所述供热装置包括蒸汽发生器和热媒体供热器， 当待处理物料所 需反应条件低于 210°C、 2MPa时， 仅使用蒸汽发生器进行蒸汽供热； 当待处理物料所需反应条件高于 210°C、 2MPa时， 进行蒸汽发生器和 热媒体供热器联合供热。
所述智能化全自动控制装置通过对所述进料球阀执行器和排料 球阀执行器、进气球阀执行器和排气球阀执行器的控制使主处理反应 釜中的反应形成序批列式反应；通过对压力传感器和温度传感器的控 制使主处理反应釜中压力和温度保持正常， 并做应急准备； 通过智能 化控制接口实现远程监视和控制需要。
一种智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理方法，通过以下的步骤 实现：
( 1 )加热装置的选定： 通过智能控制方式选择蒸汽发生器和热 媒体供热器作为主处理反应釜的供热装置， 以达到节能的目的；
( 2 )全自动控制： 通过全自动控制实现整套设备系统的就地控 制， 包括设定主处理反应釜的安全压力和温度限值， 设定主处理反应 釜的序批列式反应运行工序，设定各设备和阀门执行器的联动控制工 序， 并通过智能化控制接口实现远程监视控制；
( 3 )物料预处理： 在预处理装置中将待处理的有机固废进行粉 碎储存， 并通过配料添加， 输送到主处理反应釜中；
( 4 )序批列式反应： 利用智能化控制手段和并联的若干组主处 理反应釜， 实现各主处理反应釜投入、 加温、 保持和排出的序批列式 工序设计， 以达到提高生产率和扩大处理量的目的；
( 5 )尾产物处理： 通过尾产物运输装置将反应完全的尾产物运 离系统。
本发明的有益效果为： 1、 蒸汽发生器和热媒体供热器联用选择。 可以处理多种成分的有机固废。 加热时间短， 节能高效。
2、 序批列式反应釜工艺设计。 通过智能化控制技术， 能够保证 在连续供热时 ,两组或多组反应釜交替序批列式运行。提高工作效率， 提高处理量， 同时也便于反应釜的日常维修检修工作。
3、 能够实现系统的全智能化自动监控。 改善处理场工作环境， 体现设备的成套性、 先进性。
4、亚临界水处理工艺。能够避免垃圾热处理中产生的 "二噁英"， 该工艺无废气、废水排放，处理系统环境安全性高。反应后生成肥料、 燃料或飼料， 实现垃圾的资源化利用。
5、 系统实现全设备化。 整体布置紧凑， 占地面积少， 处理场选 址方便， 适应性强， 易形成产业化推广。 图 1是智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理系统的流程图 图 2是以两个主处理反应釜为例的序批列反应流程图 以下结合附图和实施例， 对本发明支进一步说明。
如图 1 , 是智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理系统的流程图， 在图 1中， 将本系统具体设备化， 采用的各个设备组成完整的处理系 统。 所述的预处理装置包括破碎机 1和储存箱 2 , 输送装置采用螺旋 输送机 3 , 待处理物料进行合适配比后由破碎机 1对待处理物料进行 破碎并储存， 根据反应处理需要， 由螺旋输送机 3进行物料输送。 所 述尾产物运输装置和尾产物处理装置，包括皮带输送机 6和分筛机 Ί , 主处理反应釜反应后生产原料， 通过分筛机 7进行杂质筛除后，再经 过自然干燥即可成料打包。所述废气处理装置包括除尘器 8和除臭装 置 9 , 主处理反应釜处理完毕后， 进行排气， 通过除尘器 8进行除尘 和部分冷却， 再通过除臭装置 9处理后即可达标排放。
以下结合图 1 , 将本系统具体工作流程详尽叙述如下。 采用了两 个主处理反应釜。
智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理系统主要设备包括破碎机 1、 储存箱 2、 螺旋输送机 3、 主处理反应釜 4A和 4B、 反应釜热夹套 5A和 5B、 皮带输送机 6、 筛分机 7、 除尘器 8、 除臭装置 9、 蒸汽发 生器 10、 热媒体供热器 11、 智能化控制台 12。 其中主处理反应釜 4A 上主要控制的信号部件有压力传感器 4A1、 温度传感器 4A2、 进料球 阀执行器 4A3、 进气球阀执行器 4A4、 排气球阀执行器 4A5、 排料球 阀执行器 4A6。 主处理反应釜 4B上附件同反应釜 4A。
物料流程： 其中物料和植废经过破碎机 1破碎后进入储存箱 2 , 根据反应处理需要待处理物料由螺旋输送器 3输送到指定主处理反 应釜 4A或 4B, 物料通过反应釜进料球阀执行器 4A3或 4B3进入主处 理反应釜， 在主处理反应釜 4A或 4B中进行亚临界水处理， 待处理过 程完毕后， 物料通过主处理反应釜排料球阀执行器 4A6或 4B6排出， 通过皮带输送机 6的收集输送，尾产物再通过筛分机 7的筛分后成为 合格原料， 自然干燥后即可成为产品。
热能流程： 该工艺为热反应， 主要由蒸汽发生器 10和热媒体供 热器 11进行供热。 针对餐厨垃圾等在 210°C , 2MPa下即可反应完全 的物料进行处理时， 只需选用蒸汽发生器 10即可。 选用不同供热装 置有两种情况，第一种情况，蒸汽发生器 10和热媒体供热器 11联用： 在反应加热之初由蒸汽发生器 10进行蒸汽供热， 此时高温高压蒸汽 由进气球阀执行器 4A4或 4B4控制进入主处理反应釜。等升温加压至 温度 120-200 °C、压力 0. 198-1. 55MPa时，进气球阀执行器 4A4或 4B4 关闭 ,主处理反应釜热夹套 5A或 5B阀门打开，进行有机热载体加热， 可使反应釜内升温加压至 200- 300 °C、压力 1. 55-8. 59MPa。 在一定的 反应值内维持温度和压力一段时间， 待反应完全后热媒体供热器 11 停止供热。 排气球阀执行器 4A5或 4B5打开， 放气。 气体进入除尘器 8中进行除尘并初步冷却， 最后通过除臭装置 9进行除臭处理； 第二 种情况， 仅选用蒸汽发生器 10: 由蒸汽发生器 10进行供热， 待主处 理反应釜 4A或 4B内温度压强稳定后， 再继续保持一段反应时间， 具 体由最初设定值为基准，待反应完全后进气球阀执行器 4A4或 4B4关 闭， 打开排气球阀执行器 4A5或 4B5进行放气。 废气进入除尘器 8中 进行除尘并初步冷却， 最后通过除臭装置 9进行除臭处理。
自动控制流程： 通过智能化控制台 12对整体运行控制的编程安 排， 使得系统按照预定工序进行工作。 反应釜压力传感器 4A1、 4B1 和温度传感器 4A2、 4B2对智能话控制台 12提供反馈信号对工艺进行 信号控制， 通过时间控制和逻辑控制对系统设备进行智能化控制。 例 如： 进料阶段： 由智能化控制台 12控制破碎机 1进行物料和配料破 碎； 物料经过破碎后进入储存箱 2 ; 智能化控制台 12控制螺旋输送 器 3对主处理反应釜 4A进行物料输送任务，同时智能控制台 12控制 进料球阀执行器 4A3打开， 主处理反应釜 4A开启搅拌， 主处理反应 釜 4 A进入进料投入阶段； 当主处理反应釜 4 A进料时间完毕后， 智能 控制台 12关闭进料球阀执行器 4A3 , 同时开启进料球阀执行器 4B3, 控制螺旋输送器 3对反应釜 4B进行物料输送任务， 同 4 A投料控制， 当两反应釜运行时停止螺旋输送器工作； 加热控制： 与此同时智能控 制台 12控制蒸汽发生器 10进行蒸汽输送,打开进气球阀执行器 4 A4 , 关闭主处理反应釜 4A的其他阀门以及进气球阀执行器 4B4 , 对主处 理反应釜 4A进行供气； 当供气一段时间后， 压力传感器 4A1和温度 传感器 4A2的探头信号触动第一加热阶段结束时， 智能化控制台 12 控制主处理反应釜 4A进入热媒加热的第二加热阶段，而反应釜 4B进 入蒸汽发生器加热的第一加热阶段； 当反应釜 4A的压力表探头 4A1 和温度探头 4A2信号触动第二加热阶段结束时， 智能化控制台 12控 制热媒体供热器 11维持恒温， 保持主处理反应釜 4A的反应； 而此时 的主处理反应釜 4B虽然已经达到了第一加热阶段最高温， 但因热媒 体供热器 11在给主处理反应釜 4 A供热 , 因此主处理反应釜 4B维持 第一加热阶段加热， 直至主处理反应釜 4A进入排料阶段后， 智能化 控制台 12才开始主处理反应釜 4B的第二加热阶段。因此采用该智能 化控制台可以根据实际需要进行特定条件和工序的设置。
上述方法可具体总结为：
( 1 )加热方式的选定： 根据待处理的有机固废的种类不同， 通 过智能化全自动控制系统选择不同的加热方式。如反应需要条件低于 210°C、 2MPa , 则安排蒸汽发生器进行蒸汽供热，如反应条件高于 210 °C、 2MPa, 则进行蒸汽发生器和热媒体供热器联合供热。 具体加热过 程为蒸汽发生器升温加压至 120-200°C、 压力为 0. 198-1. 55MPa, 然 后进行 200°C以上的高温有机热载体供热， 使主处理反应釜内升温加 压至 200- 300°C、 压力为 1, 55-8, 59MPa;
( 2 )全自动控制： 通过全自动控制实现整套设备系统的就地控 制， 包括设定主处理反应釜的安全压力和温度限值， 设定主处理反应 釜的序批列式反应运行工序，设定各设备和阀门执行器的联动控制工 序， 并通过智能化控制接口实现远程监视控制；
( 3 )物料预处理： 在预处理装置中将待处理的有机固废进行粉 碎储存， 并通过配料添加， 输送到主处理反应釜中；
( 4 )序批列反应： 利用控制手段和并联的若干组主处理反应釜， 按不同的序批列反复进行投入、加温、保持和排出的亚临界水处理反 应。 包括加温和保持阶段， 总反应时间为 30-40min, 待处理物料在 该条件下发生水解、 催化、 氧化还原等反应， 可以把纤维素类、 淀粉 类、 高级脂肪酸类、部分塑料类物质等大分子物质转变为小分子类低 级脂肪酸和低聚糖等其他有机产物。
( 5 )尾产物处理： 通过尾产物运输装置将反应完全的尾产物运 离系统。 当反应完毕后， 物料基本成为粉末状、 颗粒状物质， 进行排 出。 废气进入除尘器和除臭装置处理后排放， 固体类物质筛分后进行 自然干燥成产品。
为进一步理解本发明， 以下为 2台容积为 3m3的反应釜智能型有 机固废亚临界水资源化处理成套设备及系统的应用实例。 实施例 1
利用 1台 3m3序批列式反应釜， 由 1台蒸汽发生器 （规格蒸汽量 2 t、 2MPa )进行供热， 对 5屹餐厨垃圾和 6吨植物肥料进行处理。 根 间 l Omin, 保持时间 30min, 排出时间 10min。 向智能化控制台 12输 入符合图 2工序要求的控制程序；所有物料经破碎机 1破碎后储存在 储料箱 2内约为 13m3; 智能化控制台 12控制螺旋输送器 3向主处理 反应釜 4A输送物料， 约 lOmin后加满； 智能化控制台 12控制蒸汽发 生器 10对主处理反应釜 4A开始加温；约 lOmin后，压力传感器 4A1、 温度传感器 4A2到达指定值（1. 8MPa, 200°C ), 智能化控制台指示进 入保持阶段； 此时智能化控制台控制在螺旋输送器 3向反应釜 4B进 行投料； 保持阶段维持 30min后， 智能化控制台控制进气球阀执行器 4A4关闭， 控制进气球阀执行器 4B4打开， 蒸汽发生器 10对主处理 反应釜 4B开始加温供热； 随后主处理反应釜 4A的排气球阀执行器 4A5打开， 废气进入旋流除尘器 8和除臭装置 9进行处理； 排气完毕 后物料通过排料球阀执行器 4A6排出， 排气和排出时间约为 l Omin; 待主处理反应釜 4B进入保持时间 20min后，智能化控制台 12对主处 理反应釜 4A继续开始之前动作， 以此往复。 在 5个批次总时间约 3 小时 40分钟时， 所有处理物处理完毕， 进入干燥单元。
处理后可得约 4. 8吨的尾产物，含水率约为 25%。经过相关检测， 其重金属含量低于国家限制性标准，无病菌，有机质含量高，富含氮、 磷， 是很好的有机肥。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理成套设备及系统， 包括预处理装置、 输送装置、 主处理反应釜、供热装置、尾产物运输 装置、 尾产物处理装置、 废气处理装置和智能化全自动控制装置， 其 特征在于含有物料流程连接线路，供热和蒸汽连接线路和电器自动控 制线路，
物料流程连接线路：所述预处理装置、输送装置、主处理反应釜、 尾产物运输装置和尾产物处理装置依次连接；
供热和蒸汽连接线路： 所述供热装置连接主处理反应釜， 主处理 反应釜连接废气处理装置；
电器自动控制线路线路：所述智能化全自动控制装置含有智能化 控制接口， 分别连接预处理装置、 输送装置、 主处理反应釜、 尾产物 运输装置、 尾气处理装置和废气处理装置。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理成 套设备及系统， 其特征在于所述主处理反应釜可以是若干组并联后， 通过序批列式设计要求，连接入所述智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化 处理成套设备及系统。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理成 套设备及系统， 其特征在于所述主处理反应釜外部设置热夹套， 釜体 上设置压力传感器、温度传感器、进料球阀执行器、进气球阀执行器、 排气球阀执行器、 排料球阀执行器。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理成 套设备及系统，其特征在于所述供热装置包括蒸汽发生器和热媒体供 热器， 当待处理物料所需反应条件低于 210°C、 2MPa时， 仅使用蒸汽 发生器进行蒸汽供热； 当待处理物料所需反应条件高于 210 °C、 2MPa 时， 进行蒸汽发生器和热媒体供热器联合供热。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理成 套设备及系统，其特征在于所述智能化全自动控制装置通过对所述进 料球阀执行器和排料球阀执行器、进气球阀执行器和排气球阀执行器 的控制使主处理反应釜中的反应形成序批列式反应；通过对压力传感 器和温度传感器的控制使主处理反应釜中压力和温度保持正常，并做 应急准备； 通过智能化控制接口实现远程监视和控制需要。
6、 一种智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理方法， 其特征在于 通过以下的步骤实现：
( 1 )加热装置的选定： 通过智能控制方式选择蒸汽发生器和热 媒体供热器作为主处理反应釜的供热装置；
( 2 )全自动控制： 通过全自动控制实现整套设备系统的就地控 制， 包括设定主处理反应釜的安全压力和温度限值， 设定主处理反应 釜的序批列式反应运行工序，设定各设备和阀门执行器的联动控制工 序， 并通过智能化控制接口实现远程监视控制；
( 3 )物料预处理： 在预处理装置中将待处理的有机固废进行粉 碎储存， 并通过配料添加， 输送到主处理反应釜中；
( 4 )序批列式反应： 利用智能化控制手段和并联的若干组主处 理反应釜， 实现各主处理反应釜投入、 加温、 保持和排出的序批列式 工序设计；
(5)尾产物处理： 通过尾产物运输装置将尾产物运离系统。
PCT/CN2010/076414 2010-03-29 2010-08-27 智能型有机固废亚临界水资源化处理系统及方法 WO2011120279A1 (zh)

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