WO2011117422A1

WO2011117422A1 - Method for climate control in buildings

Info

Publication number: WO2011117422A1
Application number: PCT/EP2011/054745
Authority: WO
Inventors: Lothar Moll
Original assignee: Biologische Insel Lothar Moll Gmbh & Co. Kg
Priority date: 2010-03-26
Filing date: 2011-03-28
Publication date: 2011-09-29
Also published as: CN102906507A; AU2011231509A1; AU2011231509B2; DE102010013085A1; KR20130014560A; JP2013524143A; UA102798C2; CA2794557A1; US20130193220A1; NZ603203A; EP2553347A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for climate control in buildings 1, having a ventilation system 2 with at least a control and regulation unit 6 and an air-guide unit, wherein the ventilation system 2 generates, by means of a separate building opening 10, at least one regulated inflow stream 4 which flows into the building 1 and/or at least one regulated outflow stream 5 which flows out of the building. The insulation and structure of the building 1 should be kept free of condensate. To this end, provision is made for at least one current value for a temperature Ti and/or a corresponding absolute internal atmospheric moisture level ʃil and/or a relative atmospheric moisture level φi or a partial steam pressure Wi in the interior of the building 1 and at least one current value for a temperature Ta and/or a corresponding absolute external atmospheric moisture level ʃal and/or a relative atmospheric moisture level φa or a partial steam pressure Wa outside the building 1 to be ascertained. The respectively measured values are supplied to the control and regulation unit 6. An overpressure or an underpressure or no pressure is generated by the air-guide unit in the building 1 as a function of the magnitude of the difference between the values.

Description

Method for air conditioning buildings

The invention relates to a measurement and control method for ventilating a building with at least one ventilation system and at least one control and regulating unit, wherein the ventilation system via at least one separate building opening at least one flowing into the building regulated supply air and / or at least one of the Buildings discharged regulated exhaust air flow generated. Such processes are usually coupled with heat recovery.

In DE 20 2007 018 549 Ul a heat recovery module for central ventilation of buildings and apartments is described. To this technique, the principle of application is further explained as follows.

Energy-saving targets for the building sector and growing demands on increased tightness of the outer shell of the building are leading to an increase in the use of building-technical measures for controlled, automated home ventilation. Here, the exhausted room air is withdrawn as so-called exhaust air via ventilation ducts from the various living and working spaces, directed to a central blower and blown outward as exhaust air. With regard to the supply of fresh air, a distinction is made between centralized and decentralized supply. In the decentralized supply of fresh air, outside air flows into the building due to the pressure gradient imposed by the fan through a large number of supply air valves in the outer walls and replaces the extracted exhaust air. In the case of the central fresh air supply, on the other hand, a central blower draws in outside air and distributes it as so-called supply air via ventilation ducts to the rooms. In summer, exhaust air and outside air or supply air are warm. With both methods of fresh air supply, a sufficient air change is achieved, which ensures a hygienic indoor air quality that is free of odors, pollutants and air humidity.

In winter, during the heating season, the exhaust air is heated and the outside air is cold. The energy saving targets are achieved by recycling the heat contained in the exhaust air into the building. Heat recovery modules whose core is an air / air heat exchanger are used for this purpose. The heat contained in the warm exhaust air is transferred in the heat exchanger to the incoming colder outside air and fed back to the building with the supply air, while the now cooled exhaust air leaves the building as cold exhaust air.

In such heat recovery devices, it is also known to set only supply or exhaust air operation as so-called summer ventilation. In this mode, the heat recovery is turned off and only vented to bring the cool air into the building in the morning and blow off the stuffy air in the evening. Open windows support these modes.

DE 20 2007 012 044 Ul describes a Zulufteinrichtung for a room of a building, which ensures a pressure equalization to the negative pressure generated by an exhaust fan in space. The Zulufteinrichtung has a heat exchanger, which transfers heat energy from the exhaust air to the incoming air into the Zulufteinrichtung outside air for heating the supply air, wherein the exhaust fan is fluidically connected or connected to the heat exchanger of the Zulufteinrichtung. Air changes in the building are also accomplished by fans, for example in the basement, in the attic or on the terrace of a building. See also wet ^¬ regulated air supply elements in a corresponding building opening are known, which are able to distribute the inflowing air supply depending on the actual needs of the respective areas.

In DE 10 2008 057 787 B3 a control device for air conditioning systems is described which has a variety of inlet and exhaust ducts, and fans, and steu ^¬ newable supply and exhaust throttle valve. In this case, a pressure sensor is provided as a replacement for a volumetric flow controller, which detects the room pressure in the room to be conditioned, wherein the room pressure forms the direct reference variable for the opening position of the supply and exhaust throttle valves.

The invention has for its object to form a ventilation system for buildings and arrange that structural damage to the construction and insulation are excluded by moisture and mold.

The object is achieved in that at least a first current value for a temperature Til and / or a corresponding absolute inner air humidity fil and / or a corresponding relative humidity (pil and / or a corresponding steam pressure Wil the indoor air inside the building and at the same time Temperature Tal and / or a corresponding absolute outside air humidity al and / or a corresponding relative humidity cpal and / or a corresponding water vapor pressure Wal of the outside air outside the building determined and supplied to the control and regulation unit Depending on the size of the differences of at least one pair the respective Values is then a relative overpressure or a relati ^¬ ver negative pressure including a non-pressurized state with the ventilation system in the building regulated. Measured means measured and / or calculated based on measured parameters with the control unit. "1" is a first of several values to be determined.

The core cause of structural damage is the leakage of the building envelope, in particular the inner building envelope, which is also called air seal. The leaks cause a flow of air from the inside to the outside or from outside to inside, even after climatic conditions and depending on the thermally induced pressure difference in and on the building. No building is completely airtight, as shown by the blower door measurements. Especially older buildings suffer from a bad air seal and here the intelligent control is particularly advantageous and helpful to create a healthy indoor climate.

When warm, moist air flows through the more or less, but always existing leaks in a building construction of a building and cools down in the course of the construction, the relative humidity increases. An increase in humidity within the con ^¬ constructive tion over 80% humidity promotes Schimmelpil ^¬ growth and thus the burden on health and start wood-destroying processes. This risk of Feuchteerhö ^¬ hung in the construction is the greater, the more slowly the air flows. The ventilation system thus fulfills two functions: it conveys air, as far as it is necessary to build up a differential pressure opposite to the thermal and wind, and it is controlled in the conveying direction so that the construction and insulation are flowed through with air of a lower humidity. By the method can be achieved with appropriate control that the indoor or outdoor air, which is colder when passing through the insulation and construction, only through the insulation and construction occurs when it does not increase so much relative humidity that a critical humidity value is reached. If on the basis of the determined values a critical moisture value calculation ^¬ net, is achieved by the control and the pressure level possibly generated that always a ^¬ through the insulation and construction in or flowing out of the building air by the direction into the insulation and construction flows, with which the air gets warmer and thus inevitably becomes drier with respect to the relative humidity.

In an inside-outside comparison, the air at a lower temperature or with a lower partial pressure of steam and thus the air with the lower relative humidity or the air with an abso ^¬ lut lower moisture active by appropriate pressure control the natural temperature and steam pressure drop pressed against by the insulation and construction. It is used to generate the over- or

Underpressure necessary air flow into the building or out of the building through a separately planned building opening, such as an air duct. As a control variable for the pressure can also serve the air flow. The insulation and construction is therefore always so moist that no critical moisture levels and certainly no saturation can be achieved. Regardless of a general need for ventilation, the insulation and construction of the building is protected from the entry of moist air from inside and outside. Whether the difference of one or more of the measured parameters is decisive for the pressure regulation may be relevant before or even after the determination and evaluation. The partial pressure of water vapor depends on the physical condition as a function of the respective temperature and the relative humidity. At a 100% saturation, ie 100% humidity, it is referred to water vapor saturation pressure. In the event that in two separated by a shell rooms different water vapor partial pressures prevail due to different temperatures and / or due to different relative humidities, the water molecules will follow the natural vapor pressure gradient in the direction of the lower vapor pressure area, until it comes to a vapor pressure compensation possibly. This also applies to a building shell that separates the interior space from the atmosphere, ie the exterior space.

This uniform distribution is supported by the mostly equal temperature gradient from warm to cold, since the higher steam partial pressure is usually coupled to a higher and the lower steam partial pressure is usually coupled to a lower temperature, which, however, does not exclude the exception that a relatively lower steam partial pressure at relatively higher Temperature prevails.

The water vapor partial pressure is determined on the basis of the values according to DIN 4108-3 and by measuring the respective temperature and the respective relative humidity.

In, for example, temperate climates, according to the invention, during the warm season the relatively cool and thus relatively dry inside air is forced out of the building through the insulation and construction to the outside, so that the relatively warm moist outside air can not penetrate into the insulation and construction inward. For this, the inside air can be dehumidified. In the cold season, however, the relatively cool and dry outside air drawn into the building through negative pressure into the building through the insulation and construction, so that the relatively warm moist interior air can not penetrate into the insulation to the outside. For this, the inside air can be moistened.

Depending on the climatic zone, a change of direction may also be necessary between day and night or several times within 24 hours, depending on how the respective parameters for the temperatures and steam partial pressures change. Particularly in the case of rapid weather changes at the borders of high and low pressure areas, changes of direction of the temperature and vapor pressure gradient are frequently observed. But also the heating and living space climate, which the inhabitants consciously or unconsciously create according to their usage behavior, contributes to an increase and a change of the temperature and steam pressure gradient.

Depending on the size of the leaks or leaks, the moisture input can be so great that several liters of water are introduced into the insulation of a building in a 24-hour cycle in which the entire building volume of air is exchanged four or more times due to natural leakage. if the natural temperature and vapor pressure gradient is not counteracted.

An essential feature is that in the method the respectively determined values for a calculation are fed to at least the following values of the control and regulation unit: a) starting from Til and cpil assuming a constant absolute humidity Jil a corresponding temperature temperature Τίΐ, χ at which the relative humidity φίΐ, χ has a value of X and / or b) assuming a constant absolute humidity fal and valley cp assuming a constant absolute temperature, y, where the relative humidity cpal, y a Value of Y and c) depending on the size of the differences of the values Tal and Til, x or the values Til and Tal, y the relative overpressure (P +) or the relative negative pressure (P-) are controlled. In that, starting from the first calculated actual situation of the air inside and outside, which state had the air as it would pass in Rich ^¬ tung the colder temperature by the insulation and construction is achieved. In the event that the air in this way would reach a critical relative humidity X or Y, the passage is prevented by the pressure control. The change between positive and negative pressure can be delayed or immediate.

It is also advantageous here for the values X and / or Y to be between 0.6 and 1.0, preferably 0.8. With a value less than 0.8, mildew is prevented even over a long period of time.

For the method, it is advantageous that a relative overpressure is generated when the respective difference D formed from at least one of the following value pairs exceeds a certain maximum positive amount B:

Dl: valley minus Til = Bl;

D2: fal minus fil = B2

D3: whale minus Wil = B3;

D4: valley, y minus Til = B4. After Bl to B3 it is warmer outside, the absolute humidity and the relative humidity are larger. According to B4, the critical temperature at which the outside air would have reached a relative humidity of Y is greater than the temperature inside, so that on the way through the insulation and construction reaches the critical temperature and the relative humidity is greater than Y (for example, 0.8) would become. All cases can be treated with over-pressure to the outside air units not tight to the inside through the Daem ^¬ tion and construction in the building envelope by the UN to let penetrate. Below the maximum value, pressure regulation does not necessarily have to be carried out.

In particular, when overpressure is to be generated in the building, the relatively humid outside air can be dried, for example via an air conditioner before it is passed to generate overpressure in the building.

It is advantageous in the opposite situation, that a relative negative pressure is generated when the difference D per ^¬ stays awhile formed from at least one of the following pairs of values exceeds a certain maximum positive value B:

D5: Til minus valley = B5;

D6: il minus fal = B6

D7: Wil minus Wal = B7;

D8: Til, x minus valley = B8.

After B5 to B7 it is warmer inside, the absolute humidity and the relative humidity are larger. According to B8, the critical temperature at which the inside air would have reached a relative humidity of X is greater than the outside temperature, so that the critical temperature can be reached on the way through the insulation and construction. chet and the relative humidity would be greater than X (for example 0.8). All cases can be counteracted by negative pressure so that the interior air can not penetrate through the insulation and construction due to the leaks in the building envelope. Below the maximum value, pressure regulation does not necessarily have to be carried out. In particular, when vacuum is to be generated in the building, it may be advantageous to humidify the indoor air, for example via the ventilation system to counteract a drop in the relative humidity in the room.

It is also advantageous that in the event that the differences Dl to D8 are smaller than the maximum amounts Bl to B8, the difference values are compared quantitatively and an overpressure or a negative pressure or a pressure balance is set by the ventilation system. With a pressure balance, the supply air flow and the exhaust air flow are the same.

It is also advantageous that the degree of overpressure or underpressure is regulated as a function of one or more currently prevailing atmospheric pressure values around the building and / or the internal building pressure in the building, the atmospheric pressure being dynamic pressures prevailing at the building and the internal pressure of the building resulting from static pressures prevailing in the building.

The static pressure is, for example, temperature-dependent and results from the upward decreasing density of the upwardly warmer air and thus from the temperature difference. The dynamic pressure is generated, for example, by the wind flowing past the outside of the building, so that on the side facing the wind, dynamic pressure and suction on the sides facing away from the wind are to be exerted. whereas dynamic pressure is usually negligible inside because there are no relevant air movements inside.

The building opening relevant for the overpressure or underpressure to be set in the building according to the invention can be positioned with respect to the static and dynamic pressure situation, which may vary depending on the pressure conditions. In cold outdoor climate in the roof area would be a static overpressure, which changes over the non-pressurized center of the building to the very bottom to the static and absolute same negative pressure. Where there is overpressure inside, it may of course be easier to extract air from the building to the outside and vice versa.

From the outside, the dynamic pressure conditions prevail, so that an overpressure through a building opening on the windward side of the building can be adjusted more easily and vice versa.

For the calculation of the degree of positive or negative pressure and the tightness of the building may be relevant, which can be measured for example with a differential pressure measuring method (Blower Door Test). The leak is a measure of the design of the air flow or an air flow difference, with the required pressure level can be achieved.

Regardless of an overpressure or underpressure in the building, a constant air exchange through differently sized supply airflows and exhaust airflows may be expedient, for which purpose a second building opening would be provided, which is also connected to the ventilation system.

A first building opening may advantageously be in the roof area and the second building opening may be as low as possible on the roof. Depending on the distribution of the internal building pressure, each of the two building openings can be used for the supply air flow and / or for the exhaust air flow.

This method provides a very low-cost way to avoid structural damage to buildings that are not airtight insulated. In such buildings, especially old buildings, the humid air can freely enter the construction and insulation. Such an intelligent ventilation system is cheaper than an old building renovation to avoid critical moisture levels and mold.

But even for modern airtight sealed building method of the invention is advantageous because a 100-percent seal can never be achieved and it can come in such buildings with well-designed air seals locally structural damage in the construction and insulation, especially in the outside diffusion-tight component layers as in green or gravel roofs, which are extremely problematic even in temperate climates in terms of mold growth.

The moisture-variable air seals used in these designs also no longer provide protection when moisture enters the structure through minute leakages and natural static pressure differences, especially in the case of external shading or diffusion-inhibiting internal component layers, both of which are backdiffused in the design Prevent moisture through the moisture-variable vapor barriers or air seals. The advantage that modern buildings offer is that the measure of the air flow does not have to be as large as in old buildings, because the leaks in the building envelope and also the modern window is much lower. Therefore, a system consisting of a diffusion-tight or vapor-permeable, moisture-variable air seal for inside and outside on buildings with a ventilation system is advantageous.

Further advantages and details of the invention are explained in the patent claims and in the description and illustrated in the figures. It shows:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a natural gradient of the temperature to the outside with negative pressure inside as a countermeasure for a flow to the outside;

Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of a natural gradient of the steam partial pressure inside with positive pressure inside as a countermeasure for a flow inwards;

Figure 3 is a schematic diagram for a critical relative

Humidity with negative pressure inside as a countermeasure for a flow to the outside;

Figure 4 is a schematic diagram for a balanced gradient of the steam partial pressure and the temperature without a countermeasure by pressure;

FIG. 5 shows a temperature profile in a moderate climatic zone in one month;

FIG. 6 shows a profile of the relative humidity in the moderate climatic zone according to FIG. 3;

FIG. 7 shows a temperature profile in a tropical climate zone in one month; FIG. 8 shows a profile of the relative humidity in the tropical climate zone according to FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 shows a temperature profile in a hot climate zone in one month;

FIG. 10 shows a profile of the relative humidity in the hot climatic zone according to FIG. 7.

In practice, several of the variables described above on a building 1 are measured directly with corresponding sensors or calculated by a corresponding logic in the control.

The following example illustrates this. Assumption: Ta = 12 ° C cpa = 0.8 Ti = 18 ° C φί = 0.5

Building height = 5m Wind speed = 3 m / s

This results:

1) A water vapor pressure difference from the outside to in ^¬ nen of 91 Pascal.

2) A pressure gradient of the building internal pressure Pi of 1.2 Pascal and a building internal pressure Pi in the lower area of -0.6 Pascal. The wind results in an overpressure P + of 5.6 Pascal.

3) A temperature gradient of 6 Kelvin from inside to outside.

Now it is necessary to determine how the air flow through the ventilation system 2 is to be forced. If one considers only the critical relative humidity of 0.8, then it is to be noted that the internal air would reach a critical humidity value when passing through the insulation and construction, ie negative pressure P- would be necessary to prevent this. Due to the However, it would be overpressure P + necessary because the gradient is directed inwards. The influences of the dynamic atmospheric pressure Pa (wind) and the static building internal pressure Pi are also oppositely directed. Thereafter, an optimum determination as to whether and how much pressure P + or P- suppressing generated or if no pressure must be generated, depending on the loading of the support ^¬ respectively determined sizes and a relativity of sizes to one another. This results in the order after the determine and check the pressure control at the end.

FIGS. 1 to 4 show, by way of example, further different situations without quantitative details of the parameters, in which ultimately only part of the variables are decisive for pressure regulation. 1, the slope of the temperature Tal, Til, in Fig. 2, the slope of the water vapor partial pressure whale, Wil in combination with the atmospheric pressure Pa, in Fig. 3 is a critical relative humidity cpil and in Fig. 4 opposite and critical with respect Moisture in the insulation and construction repealing slope of tempera ^¬ ture and the steam ^partial pressure shown.

In Fig. 1, a higher temperature Til prevails in the building 1 than outside the building envelope. This will result in a flow of air in the direction of the temperature gradient from the inside to the outside, which is represented by a dashed arrow. The countermeasure in the form of a negative pressure P in the building 1 required to prevent this flow to the outside through the construction and insulation leads to an exhaust air flow 5 through the building opening 10, so that the moist air does not flow through the building envelope. By the negative pressure P- is the cold air from the outside with the lower humidity pulled into the building 1 through the insulation and construction. The exhaust air stream 5 is shown by an arrow with a full line. The effect of the countermeasure is represented by the small arrows pointing to the surface. The outside air penetrates through the construction and insulation in the building 1.

Due to the temperature differences across the height of the building 1 is from top to bottom, a pressure gradient of the static internal building pressure Pi, which changes in value equivalent to positive to negative. Depending on the temperature difference and depending on the height of the building 1, the pressure difference from top to bottom between 0.5 and 15 Pascal amount. This pressure gradient is considered when generating negative pressure P-, in which the exhaust air stream 5 is discharged in the region of the roof, which is not considered in the schematic drawing of FIG.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 2, the gradient of the water vapor partial pressure and also that of the absolute humidity are directed from outside to inside, so that due to the difference between the relative and absolute humidities, a flow of moisture will enter the building 1 from outside through the insulation and construction , In addition, the building 1 is exposed to a wind load, ie a dynamic atmospheric pressure Pa. The inventive countermeasure for avoiding this flow inwardly through the construction and insulation is a supply air 4 through the building opening 10, with which an overpressure P + is generated in the building 1, so that the outside air can not penetrate into the structure and the insulation. The supply air stream 4 can be at least partially dried via an aggregate 3 such as an air conditioner. The air squeezes from within the Building 1 through the insulation and construction and is represented by the small, directed to the surface arrows. At the same time, the dynamic atmospheric pressure Pa must be taken into account on the side facing the wind and on the side facing away from the wind of the building 1, which can reach significantly more than 10 Pascal depending on the wind force. For reasons of clarity, the internal building pressure Pi was not taken into account in this example.

3, the theoretically determined critical temperature Til80 at which the inside air would reach a relative humidity <pil, 80 of 80, would be greater than the temperature outside the valley, so that the relative humidity cpil would become greater than 0.8 when the inside air penetrate through the insulation and construction towards the outside and would cool down. Accordingly, a negative pressure P- to produce, which prevents the internal air flows into the insulation and construction.

In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, a situation is shown in which the water vapor pressure values Wal and Wil and the temperature Til and temperature Tal are decisive for the control and because of the difference values there is no need to generate an overpressure P + or negative pressure P- so that the building 1 is balanced. In this case, forced through the ventilation system 2 or unconstrained by leaks on the building envelope as much air from the inside outwards as vice versa. Also, the atmospheric pressure Pa with its resulting dynamic size gives no reason to build overpressure P + or negative pressure P-. The pressure gradient of the internal pressure of the building Pi equals the height of the building 1. Compared with the embodiment of FIG. 1 here is the outside temperature valley greater than the internal temperature Til, so that there is a static negative pressure P at the top and a static overpressure P + at the bottom.

The method described can be realized with an intelligent ventilation system 2, which determines the external and internal values of the respective current parameters such as temperature, relative humidity and / or partial pressure of water vapor and regulates the supply air flow 4 and / or the exhaust air flow 5 via a building opening 10. Basically, the method can be combined with a heat recovery module described above, in which simultaneously with a steady change of air, an overpressure P + or a negative pressure P- can be generated.

In the case of such a combination, the supply air stream 4 and the exhaust air stream 5 could be conditioned via the unit 3, so that the desired temperature and humidity level in the building 1 is maintained by the constant air exchange even when generating negative pressure P-.

Table 1 below shows the values of the temperatures Ti, TA and the relative humidities cpi, cpa and the water vapor partial pressures Wa, Wi determined for the measuring points Kl, K2, Li and L2 marked in FIGS. 5 to 8. The index A is valid for outside of building 1, the index I for within building 1. The values were calculated within one month.

The two values of the measuring points K1 and K2 which are valid for the moderate climate show a change of sign at the difference Dw of the two parts of the steam part Wa and Wi for outside and inside. Here, the pressure gradient changes from outward to inward toward within 4 to 5 days. Wasserdampf¬

Temperature saturation pressure relative water steam (T) 100% humidity φ partial pressure

Kl a 12 1403 88% 1234.64

Cl i 22 2645 57% 1507.65

Difference Wa-Wi -273.01

K2 a 33 4519 35% 1581.65

K2 i 22 2645 57% 1507.65

Difference Wa-Wi (Dw) 74

Difference Wa-Wi (Dw) 1277,15

Difference Wa-Wi (Dw) 907.42

Table 1

The measured values LI and L2 show that, although the direction of the pressure gradient remains the same within one month, the degree of the pressure gradient and the difference Dw with which the relative humidity φ presses from outside to inside the building 1 changes. According to the vapor pressure change, the overpressure P + can be controlled with regard to further parameters, which are not described in greater detail in this embodiment, in the building 1.

In the following Table 2, the measured values of the temperatures Ta, Ti of the relative humidity cpa, cpi and the resulting partial water pressure Wa, Wi for the measurement points M1 to M4 marked in Figs. 9 and 10 are for a hot climate in the course of 72 hours shown. In the process, a temperature Ti of 20 ° C. and a relative atmospheric humidity cpi of 50% were assumed to be constant for the climate in building 1, resulting in a water vapor partial pressure Wi of 1170. Water vapor temperature saturation pressure relative water vapor (T) 100% humidity φ partial pressure

Ml a 30 4244 33% ^r 1400.52

Ml i 20 2340 50% "1170

Difference Wa-Wi (Dw) 230.52 2 a 1073 858.4

M2 i 2340 1170

Difference Wa-Wi (Dw)

4 a 1148 85% 975.8

M4 i 2340 50% 1170

Difference Wa-Wi (Dw)

Table 2

It will be appreciated that within 72 hours, a change of sign for the difference Dw of the respective water vapor partial pressures Wa, Wi occurs three times, so that three times vacuum P- gewech ^¬ rare must be in order to avoid structural damage between positive pressure P + and. The climatic conditions change every 24 hours, which changes the basis for deciding whether overpressure P + or negative pressure P- must be generated in building 1.

The advantages of a dependent from the outer air timely exchange of positive and negative pressure in any frequency significantly to several times a day if you ^¬ taken into into account that depending on the situation and depending on the quantity and quality of leaks in the building envelope several liters of condensate per day Insulation and construc ^¬ tion can fail. A dependence on the outside climate can be assumed because the interior climate is usually relatively stable with values between 20 and 23 ° C and 50 to 58% humidity. As well as the differences in the steam partial pressure, the differences of various temperature and humidity values are also determined and included in the control as described above. Pure temperature difference diagrams are not shown, but a temperature gradient from inside to outside, or vice versa, is a daily world-wide condition.

Claims

claims

1. Measurement and control method for aerating a Ge ^¬ buildings (1) with at least one ventilation system (2) and at least one control and regulating unit (6), where ^¬ in the ventilation system (2) (over at least a sepa ^¬ rate building opening at least inflowing 10) a (in the building 1) regulated supply air flow (4) and / or at least one effluent (from the building 1) controlled exhaust air flow (5) is generated and at least ^¬ a first current value for

al) a temperature Til and / or a corresponding absolute internal humidity fil and / or a corresponding relative humidity cpil and / or a corresponding steam pressure Wil of the room air in the interior of the building (1) determined and

a2) a temperature Tal and / or a corresponding absolute outside air humidity fal and / or a corresponding relative humidity (pal and / or a corresponding water vapor pressure Wal of the outside air outside the building (1) determined and the control and regulation unit (6) are supplied ;

b) depending on the size of the differences of at least one pair T, φ, W of the respective values, a relative overpressure (P +) or a relative negative pressure (P-) with the ventilation system (2) in the building (1) is controlled.

2. Method according to claim 1, in which the respectively determined values Til, cpil, Wil, valley, cpal, whale are supplied to the control and regulation unit (6) for a calculation of at least the following values:

a) starting from Til and CPIL assuming a constant absolute humidity ii a corresponding temperature Til, x in which the relative ^moisture-¬ ness φίΐ, χ a value of X has and / or

b) fal in which the relative humidity CPAL, y having from valley and CPAL assuming a constant absolute humidity a korrespondie ^¬ Rende temperature Tal, y has a value of Y and

c) (depending on the size of the differences of the ^¬ te valley and Til, x or the values Til and valley, y is the relative pressure (P +) or the relative negative pressure P) to be controlled.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the values X

and / or Y is between 0.6 and 1.0.

4. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein a relative overpressure (P +) is generated when the respective difference Dl, D2, D3, D4, formed from at least one of the following value pairs a certain maximum positive amount Bl, B2, B3, B4 exceeds: Dl: valley minus Til = Bl;

D2: fal minus il = B2

D3: whale minus Wil = B3;

D4: valley, y minus Til = B.

5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 1 to 3, wherein a relative negative pressure (P-) is generated when the respective difference D5, D6, D7, D8, formed from at least one of the following value pairs has a certain maximum positive amount B5, B6, B7, B8 exceeds:

D5: Til minus valley = B5;

D6: fil minus fal = B6

D7: Wil minus Wal = B7;

D8: Til, x minus valley = B8.

6. The method according to any one of claims 4 and 5, wherein in the case that the differences Dl to D8 are smaller than the maximum amounts Bl to B8, the Difference ^¬ values are compared quantitatively and

a) an overpressure (P +) or

b) a negative pressure (P-) or

c) a pressure balance through the ventilation system (2) is set.

7. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the measure of the overpressure (P +) or the negative pressure (P-) in dependence on egg ^¬ nem or more currently prevailing values a) of the atmospheric pressure Pa around the building (1) and or

b) the building internal pressure Pi in the building (1)

is controlled, wherein the atmospheric pressure Pa in ^¬ We sentlichen from prevailing on the building (1) Dynami ^¬ rule pressures and the building internal pressure Pi in Wesent ^¬ union results from prevailing in the building (1) static pressures. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the degree of the overpressure (P +) or the negative pressure (P-) is also adjusted depending on the tightness of the building (1).

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the supply air flow (4) by an aggregate (3) with respect to its temperature and / or its relative humidity konditio ^¬ ned.

Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that, regardless of an overpressure (P +) or a negative pressure (P-) in the building (1), a steady change of air through differently sized supply air flows (4) and exhaust air flows (5), in which case a second building opening is provided, which is also connected to the ventilation system (2).

A method according to claim 10, characterized in that the building opening (10) in the roof area and the second building opening is provided as deep as possible on the building (1) and depending on the distribution of Gebäudein ^¬ nendrucks Pi each of the two building openings (10) for the supply air flow (4 ) and / or for the

Exhaust air flow (5) is used.

Ventilation system (2) with a control and regulation ^¬ unit (6) for operating a method according to one of claims 1 to 11.

System consisting of a diffusion-tight or vapor-permeable, moisture-variable air seal for inside and outside of buildings (1) with a ventilation system (2) according to claim 12.