WO2011116708A1 - 一种改变植物性状的方法 - Google Patents

一种改变植物性状的方法 Download PDF

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WO2011116708A1
WO2011116708A1 PCT/CN2011/072213 CN2011072213W WO2011116708A1 WO 2011116708 A1 WO2011116708 A1 WO 2011116708A1 CN 2011072213 W CN2011072213 W CN 2011072213W WO 2011116708 A1 WO2011116708 A1 WO 2011116708A1
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gene
rhizobium
plant
recombinant
plants
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PCT/CN2011/072213
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French (fr)
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罗利
徐霁
李晓琳
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中国科学院上海生命科学研究院
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Publication of WO2011116708A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011116708A1/zh

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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01HNEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H3/00Processes for modifying phenotypes, e.g. symbiosis with bacteria

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  • the present invention is in the field of biotechnology and botany; more specifically, the present invention relates to a method of altering plant traits. Background technique
  • transgenic technology is commonly used to alter the traits or phenotypes of plants, and to obtain new varieties of plants.
  • classical methods such as using Agrobacterium to carry a gene of interest and transforming it into plant callus are useful for many kinds of plants, such as patterns.
  • Plant Arabidopsis, cash crop rice, wheat, cotton, tobacco, etc. It has been found that it is very difficult to obtain transgenic plants by using conventional transgenic techniques (such as Agrobacterium) for other plants such as legumes.
  • transgenic techniques such as Agrobacterium
  • There is currently no particularly efficient transgenic technology for legumes which greatly limits the variety improvement of legumes.
  • some transgenic plants are currently not accepted by many people due to possible health effects.
  • legume crops are a large family of seed plants that are widely distributed.
  • alfalfa is a widely distributed leguminous forage, which can also be used as feed and green manure as well as vegetables that people eat on a daily basis.
  • Drought is one of the main factors affecting the normal growth and yield of legumes. Therefore, there is an urgent need to improve the drought resistance of legumes, thereby expanding the planting area of legumes and increasing production.
  • a method of altering a plant or crop trait or phenotype comprising:
  • Providing a recombinant Rhizobium cell wherein the recombinant Rhizobium cell contains an expression cassette of a foreign gene (outside the genome, and can also be integrated into the genome;); the foreign gene is a plant a trait-related gene, or a gene that is expressed to form a component that alters plant traits; and
  • the starting strain of the recombinant Rhizobium is selected from (but not limited to): ⁇ ⁇ 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ Sinorhizobium meliloti) ⁇ f# ⁇ ⁇ S. 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ Bradyrhizobium japonicum), Sinorhizobium fredii, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae ⁇ ⁇ L ⁇ M ⁇ Brady Rhizobium sp.
  • the plant is a plant that is symbiotic with Rhizobium.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of: legumes (legumes).
  • the leguminous plant is selected from the group consisting of: alfalfa, soybean, pea, peanut, kidney bean, mung bean, red bean, broad bean, cowpea, milk vetch, licorice or scutellaria.
  • the exogenous gene is selected from the group consisting of: an isopentenyltransferase gene, a Y-aminobutyric acid synthase gene, a gibberellin 3 synthase gene, a Cuban pyrophosphate synthase gene, an internal root - Kauriene synthase gene, endo-kaurene 19-oxidase gene, endo-kaurene 7 beta hydroxylase gene, GA12-aldehyde synthase gene, GA-7-oxidase gene, GA - 13-hydroxylase gene, GA20-oxidase gene, GA3 ⁇ -hydroxylase gene, GA2-oxidase gene or cytochrome ⁇ 450 monooxygenase gene.
  • the exogenous gene is selected from the group consisting of: an isopentenyltransferase gene, a ⁇ -aminobutyric acid synthase gene.
  • a recombinant Rhizobium bacterium having an expression cassette containing a foreign gene; the foreign gene is a gene related to a change in a plant trait, or is expressed to be associated with a change in a plant trait A gene (such as a plant cytokinin;).
  • the exogenous gene is selected from the group consisting of: an isopentenyltransferase gene, a ⁇ -aminobutyric acid synthase gene, and a gibberellin 3 synthase gene, a Cuban pyrophosphate synthase gene, an internal root - Kauriene synthase gene, endo-kaurene 19-oxidase gene, endo-kaurene 7 beta hydroxylase gene, GA12-aldehyde synthase gene, GA-7-oxidase gene, GA - 13-hydroxylase gene, GA20-oxidase gene, GA3 ⁇ -hydroxylase gene, GA2-oxidase gene or cytochrome ⁇ 450 monooxygenase gene.
  • the recombinant Rhizobium expresses a prenyltransferase, and the isopentenyl transferase is capable of synthesizing a plant cytokinin.
  • the plant cytokinin is trans-zeatin.
  • the recombinant Rhizobium expresses Y-aminobutyric acid synthase, and the Y-aminobutyric acid synthase is capable of synthesizing Y-aminobutyric acid.
  • the method for producing the recombinant Rhizobium comprising: transferring an expression vector into Rhizobium; wherein the expression vector contains an expression cassette of a foreign gene,
  • the exogenous gene is a gene that changes a plant trait-related gene or is expressed to form a plant trait-related component.
  • helper bacteria preferably selected from Escherichia coli MT616/pRK600 and MM294/pRK2013
  • the helper bacteria are used for assisted ligation to transfer the expression vector into Rhizobium.
  • the expression vector is selected from (but not limited to): pSRK-km, pMB393 and pPHU23 1.
  • Rhizobium for altering plant (or crop) traits.
  • the recombinant Rhizobium expresses an isopentenyl transferase or a Y-aminobutyric acid synthase, and the recombinant Rhizobium is used for improving drought resistance of a plant, preferably a legume, and improving the plant Nitrogenase activity, promote plant growth, increase plant biomass, increase cytokinin content in plant tissues, increase water content of plant tissues, reduce peroxide content in plant tissues (such as leaves), and improve plant tissues ( The expression of antioxidant enzymes in leaves, such as leaves, or the ability to increase plant resistance to pests and diseases (Chlorata, Moss, and Tomato leaf mold).
  • composition for altering a plant (or crop) trait comprising:
  • the composition is a fertilizer.
  • the composition is a dosage form selected from the group consisting of wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous solutions, emulsions, sprayable solutions, oily or aqueous dispersions, suspending agents, powders, granules. , or microcapsules.
  • the composition further comprises a material selected from the group consisting of a surfactant, a spreading agent, a filling material, or a Rhizobium activity promoter.
  • a method of preparing a composition that alters a plant (or crop) trait comprises: mixing an effective amount of the recombinant Rhizobium with an effective amount of a pesticidally acceptable carrier.
  • FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the construction process of the Rhizobium engineering strain.
  • A Shoot, biomass of the aerial part of the alfalfa inoculated with rhizobium (stems and leaves growing to the fourth week, ordinates in grams;); plant, total biomass of alfalfa inoculated with rhizobium (ordinate unit) For gram;);
  • Rhizobium inoculated with Rhizobium unit: [nmol ethylene] / nmol [acetylene] / g total biomass of plants).
  • WT inoculated with an empty vector of Rhizobium (S/ «or/»zob/w meliloti Rm l 021/pvector) ;
  • LMG202 inoculated with Rhizobium engineering strain.
  • D Alfalfa inoculated with Rhizobium on the second day after re-watering after 6 days of drought treatment.
  • WT carrying the empty vector Rhizobium (S/ «or/2/zob/w e///ot/ Rm l 021/pvector);
  • LMG202 inoculated with Rhizobium engineering strain.
  • Figure 4 Schematic diagram of the construction process of the engineered strain of soybean rhizobium.
  • FIG. 1 Inoculation engineering soybean rhizobium LMG102 enhances the drought resistance of cultivated soybeans.
  • the left plant is a soybean plant that is inoculated with soybean rhizobium LMG102; the right plant is a large plant inoculated with wild-type soybean rhizobium (slow-type Bradyrhizobium _ opo «/cw /pvector).
  • CK refers to the control plant, i.e., the alfalfa plant carrying the empty vector Rhizobium.
  • FIG. 8 PCR detection of ⁇ gene expression in Rhizobium.
  • the expression of r; ⁇ F (; S. sinensis ribosomal protein S6 gene) was used as a positive control.
  • CK refers to the wild-type S. meliloti carrying an empty vector.
  • Rhizobium in its own state A. Rhizobium in its own state
  • Rhizobium in a symbiotic state B. Rhizobium in a symbiotic state.
  • FIG. 9 Peroxide DAB staining of drought-treated alfalfa leaves.
  • the peroxide content in the leaves of alfalfa was significantly reduced in the inoculation project S. meliloti LMG202.
  • the inventors have extensively studied and unexpectedly found that some plants can be used to form a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium, and a foreign gene (such as an isopentenyltransferase gene) is expressed in Rhizobium colonized in plant nodule cells. It can synthesize a plant cytokinin (such as trans-zeatin; and then transport the expression product of the foreign gene or the component formed by the expression of the foreign gene to other tissues of the plant or through a transport system already existing in the plant or An organ that changes the trait or phenotype of the plant.
  • a foreign gene such as an isopentenyltransferase gene
  • a "plant” is a plant that is symbiotic with Rhizobium. Those skilled in the art are aware of which plants are capable of symbiotic with Rhizobium. A variety of plants can form a nodule structure that is identical or similar and can be symbiotic with Rhizobium.
  • the plant is selected from the group consisting of: a leguminous plant (legume crop).
  • a leguminous plant legume crop
  • the method of the present invention is applicable to any legume crop having a nodule structure or a nodule structure and capable of forming a symbiotic relationship with Rhizobium.
  • the legumes include the following: edibles such as soybeans, broad beans, peas, mung beans, red beans, kidney beans, kidney beans, cowpeas, pigeon peas, groundnuts, etc.; feeds such as milk vetch, medlar, broad beans, and stalks Shake, etc.; materials such as acacia, Dalbergia, saponin, Gemu, red beans, alfalfa, etc.; dyes such as horse spines, silk flowers, wood blue, sapwood, etc.; gums; resin such as gum arabic, wood jaundice Glue, Kebo gum, etc.; fiber such as Indian hemp, kudzu, etc.; oils such as soybeans, groundnuts, etc.
  • edibles such as soybeans, broad beans, peas, mung beans, red beans, kidney beans, kidney beans, cowpeas, pigeon peas, groundnuts, etc.
  • feeds such as milk vetch, medlar, broad beans, and stalks
  • the present invention is not particularly limited to a foreign gene as long as it can be expressed by Rhizobium and can change the trait or phenotype of the plant itself, or can form a plant trait-related component after expression.
  • the foreign gene may be a structural gene.
  • Suitable exogenous genes are, for example but not limited to, an isopentenyltransferase gene, a Y-aminobutyric acid synthase gene, and a gibberellin 3 synthetase gene.
  • the exogenous gene also includes variants thereof, the protein expressed by the variant having the same function as the protein expressed by the exogenous gene. It is obtained by inserting or deleting a part of bases, performing random or site-directed mutagenesis or the like.
  • the expression cassette of the foreign gene may further include an element such as a promoter operably linked to the foreign gene.
  • the source gene is an isopentenyltransferase gene.
  • Isopentenyl transferase is a catalytic enzyme that directs the synthesis of cytokinins and is involved in the regulation of plant development, morphology and physiological processes, and plays an important role in regulating cytokinin levels in plant tissues.
  • the amino acid sequence thereof is shown, for example, in GenBank Accession No. AAK90970.2; the sequence encoding the gene is shown, for example, in GenBank Accession No. AE007871.2.
  • the isopentenyl transferase can synthesize a plant cytokinin, particularly trans-zeatin, in Rhizobium, the trans-zeatin (which is a small molecule;) is a cytokinin, a regulatable cell Splitting and affecting a variety of developmental events, such as shoot development, coercion, branching of branches, control of shoot apical dominance, leaf development, chloroplast development, and leaf senescence.
  • Other useful foreign genes include, but are not limited to, Y-aminobutyric acid synthase, gibberellin 3 synthase, Cuba pyrophosphate synthase, endo-kaurene synthetase, endo-kaurene 19-oxidase , Neigen-Kauriic acid 7 ⁇ -hydroxylase, GA12-aldehyde synthase, GA-7-oxidase, GA-13-hydroxylase, GA20-oxidase, GA3 i hydroxylase, GA2-oxidase Or a gene encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase or the like.
  • Y-aminobutyric acid synthase is a glutamic acid decarboxylase, which is a key enzyme for the synthesis of Y-aminobutyric acid with glutamate as a substrate, and participates in the exchange of information between plants and the environment.
  • the amino acid sequence thereof is shown, for example, in GenBank Accession No. AAB 18493.1; the sequence encoding the gene is shown, for example, in GenBank Accession No. M84024.1.
  • Gibberellin 3 synthase is a key enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of the plant growth regulator gibberellin.
  • the amino acid sequence thereof is shown, for example, in GenBank Accession No. AAC39506.1; the sequence encoding the gene is shown, for example, in GenBank Accession No. AF047720.
  • Cuban pyrophosphate synthase (CPS) and ent-kaurene synthase (KS) are also key enzymes in gibberellin biosynthesis.
  • CPS and KS are bifunctional in Gibberella a protein complex exists in its amino acid sequence such as the GenBank accession number CAA75244.1, Q9UVY5.1 or ABC46413.1; in higher plants, its amino acid sequence such as GenBank accession number AAA73960.1, Q0E088.1, BAH56558.1, BAH56559.1, BAH56560.1, BAD91286.1 or Q947C4.1 and so on.
  • endo-kaurene 19-oxidase, endo-kaurene 7 beta hydroxylase, GA12-aldehyde synthase, GA-7-oxidase, GA-13-hydroxylase, GA20-oxidation Enzymes, GA3 P hydroxylase, GA2-oxidase or cytochrome P450 monooxygenase are also enzymes in the biosynthesis of gibberellin (Journal of Applied and Environmental Biology 2008, 14 ( 4 ): 571-577, Gibberellium Advances in biosynthetic pathways and their related research; Botanical Bulletin 2002, 19 (2): 137-149 Phytochemicals of gibberellin biosynthesis and signaling, can also be used in the present invention.
  • Cytokinins, Y-aminobutyric acid, and gibberellin are small molecular compounds and are plant growth mediators. Unlike the mechanism by which 3-indoleacetic acid is actively transported in plants, they are passively transported in plants. Moreover, Rhizobium itself cannot synthesize cytokinins, Y-aminobutyric acid and gibberellins.
  • a gene encoding each of the above proteins can be used in the present invention.
  • the protein includes a full length protein or a biologically active fragment thereof (also referred to as an active fragment;).
  • the amino acid sequence of the isopentenyl transferase can be substantially identical to the sequence shown by GenBank Accession No. AAK90970.2.
  • Proteins formed by substitution, deletion or addition of one or more amino acid residues are also included in the present invention.
  • the above proteins or their biologically active fragments include a substitution sequence for a portion of conserved amino acids that do not affect their activity or retain the activity of their moieties. Proper replacement of amino acids is well known in the art and can be readily implemented and ensures that the biological activity of the resulting molecule is not altered. These techniques have led one in the art to recognize that, in general, altering a single amino acid in a non-essential region of a polypeptide does not substantially alter biological activity.
  • Bioactive fragments of any one or more of the proteins can be used in the present invention.
  • the meaning of a biologically active fragment of a protein refers to a polypeptide which still retains all or part of the function of the full length protein.
  • the biologically active fragment retains at least 50% of the activity of the full length protein.
  • the active fragment is capable of maintaining 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, 95%, 99%, or 100% activity of the full length protein.
  • the above proteins which have been modified or modified may also be employed in the present invention, for example, proteins which are modified or modified to promote their half-life, effectiveness, metabolism and/or potency of the protein.
  • the modified or modified protein may be a conjugate of a protein, or it may comprise a substituted or artificial amino acid.
  • the modified or modified protein may have a small commonality with a naturally occurring protein, but may also synthesize a plant trait-related component (such as a cytokinin) in Rhizobium without causing other defects. Influence or poison Sex. That is, any variation that does not affect the biological activity of the above proteins can be used in the present invention.
  • the invention also encompasses an isolated nucleic acid encoding a biologically active fragment of the above protein, or a complementary strand thereof.
  • the DNA sequence encoding the biologically active fragment can be synthesized synthetically in whole sequence or by PCR amplification.
  • the invention also encompasses vectors comprising a nucleic acid molecule encoding the protein or biologically active fragment thereof.
  • the vector may further comprise an expression control sequence operably linked to the sequence of the nucleic acid molecule to facilitate expression of the protein.
  • operably linked or “operably linked” is meant a condition in which portions of a linear DNA sequence are capable of modulating or controlling the activity of other portions of the same linear DNA sequence. For example, if a promoter controls the transcription of a sequence, then it is operably linked to the coding sequence.
  • Rhizobia is a type of rod-shaped bacterium that is symbiotic with plants that can form nodule structures, forms nodules and fixes nitrogen in the air for plant nutrition. This symbiotic system has a strong ability to fix nitrogen. Rhizobium is invaded by plant root hair, lateral root sputum (such as peanuts) or other parts, forms an invasion line, enters the root cortex, stimulates the host cortical cells to divide, forms nodules, and Rhizobium enters the nodule cells from the invasion line. Continue to multiply, and the cell population containing rhizobium in the nodule constitutes a bacterium-containing tissue.
  • rhizobium capable of nitrogen fixation is symbiotic with it.
  • Rhizobium converts nitrogen in the air into nitrogen-containing substances that plants can absorb, such as ammonia, while plants provide organic matter for rhizobia.
  • Rhizobium is symbiotic with plants by invading the tissues of plants, it is not as good as Agrobacterium to convert any foreign genes carried into plants.
  • people in the field have no way of knowing whether Rhizobium can express foreign genes (such as the isopentenyltransferase gene;) and whether it can form an effect on plants (such as synthesizing plant cytokinins and transferring plant cytokinins into plants).
  • the present inventors have for the first time revealed that Rhizobium can express a foreign gene after symbiosis with a plant and efficiently synthesize and deliver a foreign gene expression product or component into a tissue or organ of the plant.
  • the present invention provides a recombinant Rhizobium strain which contains an expression cassette of a foreign gene (e.g., a prenyltransferase gene), thereby enabling expression of a foreign gene.
  • a foreign gene e.g., a prenyltransferase gene
  • the exogenous gene is an isopentenyltransferase gene
  • the isopentenyl transferase is capable of synthesizing a cytokinin such as zeatin (especially trans-zeatin;), zeatin in Rhizobium It can be transported by rhizobium to plants that are symbiotic with it, and can change plant traits, especially enhanced plant stress resistance.
  • the exogenous gene is a Y-aminobutyric acid synthase gene
  • the Y-aminobutyric acid synthase is capable of synthesizing Y-aminobutyric acid in Rhizobium, which enhances the disease resistance of the plant.
  • the "recombinant Rhizobium” may be used interchangeably with “Rhizobium engineered strain” or “engineered Rhizobium”, and refers to Rhizobium which contains an expression cassette of a foreign gene in a cell.
  • the starting strain of the recombinant Rhizobium may be a plurality of Rhizobium, for example, selected from: but not limited to: S. sinensis (S/"o w'zob/ww meliloti , ⁇ CS acfyr z/zob/ww japonicum), Beans of Rhizobium (R » 'zob/w leguminosarum bv. viciae) ⁇ ⁇ L ⁇ (Bradyrhizobium sp. arachis), Azorhizobium cauUnoda, Escherichia coli Slow-growing soybean rhizobium)
  • Suitable rhizobial bacteria can also be selected depending on the particular species of plant, as is known to those skilled in the art.
  • the invention also provides the use of the recombinant Rhizobium for altering the trait or phenotype of a plant.
  • the present invention also provides the use of the recombinant Rhizobium comprising an exogenous isopentenyltransferase gene, which can be used for improving drought resistance, nitrogenase activity, plant growth, and plant growth.
  • the biomass increase the cytokinin content in plant tissues, increase the moisture content of plant tissues, reduce the content of peroxides in plant tissues (such as leaves), and increase the expression of antioxidant enzymes in plant tissues (such as leaves). Or improve the ability of plants to resist pests and diseases (such as the genus Moss, Moss, and tomato leaf mold);
  • a method for producing a recombinant Rhizobium is usually: transferring an expression vector into a Rhizobium, the expression vector containing an expression cassette of a foreign gene.
  • the helper bacteria are used for assisted ligation to transfer the expression vector into the rhizobium.
  • the auxiliary bacteria may be selected from the group consisting of Escherichia coli C3 ⁇ 4c1 ⁇ 2r/c/2/a coli) MT616 and MM294/pRK2013, and the like.
  • Methods well known to those skilled in the art can be used to construct expression vectors containing expression cassettes for foreign genes. These methods include in vitro recombinant DNA techniques, DNA synthesis techniques, in vivo recombinant techniques, and the like.
  • the transcript of the foreign gene can be operably linked to a suitable promoter in the vector.
  • the expression vector preferably comprises one or more selectable marker genes to provide phenotypic traits for selection of transformed host cells, such as dihydrofolate reductase for eukaryotic cell culture, neomycin resistance, and green Fluorescent protein (GFP), or kanamycin or ampicillin resistance for E. coli. It will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art how to select an appropriate vector, promoter or enhancer. Method of changing plant traits
  • the present invention provides a method of altering a plant trait comprising contacting a recombinant Rhizobium with a plant for symbiosis, such that the foreign gene is expressed and transported into a cell, tissue or organ of the plant; or the exogenous The gene is expressed and forms a component that alters the trait of the plant, which component is transported into the cells, tissues or organs of the plant.
  • a method for improving drought resistance, nitrogenase activity or growth of a leguminous crop of a legume comprising: a legume crop with an effective amount of an isopentenyl transferase capable of expressing The recombinant Rhizobium is contacted such that the plant cytokinin (especially trans-zeatin;) is transported into the cells, tissues or organs of the legume crop.
  • Various tissues and cells of the plant can be contacted with the recombinant Rhizobium (so that the Rhizobium is inoculated), such as the seeds and roots of the plant.
  • the recombinant Rhizobium is formulated into a bacterial liquid (physiological saline on a medium;) and inoculated onto the seeds of the plant by soaking.
  • Fertilizer preparation a bacterial liquid (physiological saline on a medium;) and inoculated onto the seeds of the plant by soaking.
  • the present invention provides a composition for altering plant traits comprising an effective amount of said recombinant Rhizobium, and a balance of a pesticidally acceptable carrier.
  • the composition is a fertilizer.
  • the term "containing” means that the various components can be used together in the mixture or composition of the present invention. Therefore, the terms “consisting mainly of” and “consisting of” are included in the term “contains”.
  • the "pesticide-acceptable" component is suitable for agricultural use without excessive adverse side effects (such as toxicity, irritability, and allergic reaction) on humans or other animals or plants, that is, has reasonable benefits. / risk ratio substance.
  • agrochemically acceptable carrier is an acceptable solvent, suspending agent or excipient for transferring the recombinant Rhizobium of the present invention to a plant.
  • the carrier may be a liquid or a solid, preferably a carrier capable of maintaining the biological activity of the recombinant Rhizobium to a high degree.
  • the dosage form of the composition may be varied, including but not limited to: wettable powders, emulsifiable concentrates, aqueous solutions, emulsions, sprayable solutions, oily or aqueous dispersions, suspending agents, powders, granules, or Microcapsules. It will be appreciated that it is desirable to be able to deliver the recombinant Rhizobium of the present invention to a plant plant or seed on the premise of maintaining full or partial activity. Preferred are those which are easy to deliver, and as a preferred mode of the invention, the composition is a solution, a liquid spray, or a spray.
  • the agrochemically acceptable carrier may further comprise an adjuvant.
  • the adjuvant is an auxiliary ingredient which functions as an auxiliary conditioning function in the composition, for example it may be a surfactant, an adhesion aid or other type of adjuvant.
  • the concentrated composition has a higher content of active ingredient, e.g., 20-90% by weight, while the diluted composition and the actually used composition have a lower active ingredient content, usually 0.00005-0.5% by weight.
  • active ingredient e.g., 20-90% by weight
  • other suitable chemical agents synergists, trace elements, stabilizers, binders, wetting agents, dispersants, emulsifiers, penetrants, solvents, fillers and the like may be included.
  • Other active ingredients such as insecticides or other fertilizers may also be included in the compositions of the present invention.
  • composition of the present invention may contain 10 4 - 10 12 recombinant Rhizobium / gram (mL) composition; more preferably, 10 6 - 10 1 Q recombinant Rhizobium / gram (mL) composition.
  • Suitable solid diluents in the preparation of the compositions include, but are not limited to, diatomaceous earth, corn hulls, tricalcium phosphate, softwood flour, clays such as kaolin, bentonite or attapulgite, and water soluble polymers.
  • the solid compositions may contain one or more compatible wetting agents, dispersing agents, emulsifying agents or pigments which may also act as diluents in the solid state.
  • Such a solid composition may be in the form of a powder, granule or wettable powder.
  • Granules are usually obtained by grinding, and granules, tablets or bricks are obtained by granulation or tableting.
  • the liquid composition may be in the form of a solution, a suspension or an emulsion, or it may be enclosed in a natural or synthetic polymer, and may contain a wetting agent, a dispersing agent or an emulsifier.
  • emulsions, suspensions or solutions can be prepared from aqueous, organic or water-organic diluents to form water soluble polymers (and mixtures of the above diluents).
  • the diluent may contain, for example, the above-mentioned ionic or nonionic wetting agent, dispersing agent or emulsifier or a mixture thereof.
  • the wettable powder can be uniformly dispersed in water.
  • the wettable powder may further contain a non-environmentally damaging substance such as a wetting agent, a dispersing agent, and a diluent.
  • the powder may be prepared by grinding the active material together with a solid material such as finely pulverized talc, kaolin, bentonite or the like, or a solid material such as diatomaceous earth.
  • the granules may be prepared by spraying the active substance particles onto the inert substance particles, or applying the active substance solution to a carrier (for example, sand, kaolin or inert) through a binder (for example, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, or mineral oil; Material particles ;) surface. If it is intended to be mixed with a fertilizer, a suitable active substance can be prepared into granules as in the preparation of fertilizer granules.
  • a carrier for example, sand, kaolin or inert
  • a binder for example, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium polyacrylate, or mineral oil; Material particles ;
  • the present invention firstly proposes that symbiotic bacteria can be used to coexist with rhizobium-producing plants, and recombinantly expressed foreign gene expression products or components formed by expression of foreign genes are transported to tissues or organs of plants, thereby changing plants. Character or phenotype.
  • Rhizobium can express isopentenyltransferase after symbiosis with plants and efficiently synthesize and transport plant cytokinins, especially trans-zeatin (small molecule compounds) into plant tissues. Or in an organ.
  • cytokinins especially trans-zeatin (small molecule compounds) into plant tissues. Or in an organ.
  • the present invention provides a new method for cultivating plant traits or phenotypes (e.g., improving plant drought resistance) without the need to prepare transgenic plants, meeting environmental and food safety requirements.
  • Rhizobium of the invention is convenient for breeding and low in cost, and can be made into a biological fertilizer, especially a seed coating agent, and is applied to agricultural production in a large scale.
  • the recombinant Rhizobium of the present invention is capable of specifically coexisting with a nodule-forming plant, and has no visible toxicity to other animals or plants, and is a safe and environmentally friendly product.
  • the invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the examples are merely illustrative of the invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
  • the experimental methods in the following examples which do not specify the specific conditions are usually carried out according to the conditions described in conventional conditions such as Sambrook et al., Molecular Cloning: Laboratory Guide (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1989), or according to the manufacturer. The suggested conditions. Unless otherwise defined, all professional and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as those skilled in the art.
  • Example 1 Construction of an engineered strain of Rhizobium meliloti expressing isopentenyl transferase
  • Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 pTiC58 see Danhorn T, Hentzer M, Givskov M, Parsek MR, Fuqua C. Phosphorus discrimination enhances biofilm formation of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens through the PhoR-PhoB regulatory system. J Bacteriol. 2004, 186( 14) :4492-501 (provided by Dr.
  • the recombinant plasmid pSSJ003 was obtained; it was ligated by the triple parent (the auxiliary bacteria were MT616/pRK600 (see Exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of Rhizobium meliloti that form ineffective nodules. Leigh JA, Signer ER, Walker GC. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 1985, 82(18): 623 1-5; provided by Dr. Walker), transferred to the wild type Rhizobium meliloti Rml 021 (see Leigh et al., 1985) to obtain the engineering strain LMG202.
  • Example 2 Effect of Rhizobium Engineering Bacteria LMG202 on the Formation of Nitrogen Roots in Alfalfa
  • Rhizobium LMG202 containing 10 8 Rhizobium/ml resuspended with physiological saline (0.85% ( W / v) Soaked together for 0.5 hours, then sown in the sterilized vermiculite perlite artificial soil, placed in artificial climate chamber to grow to the 4th week, pour off the artificial soil, wash the plants, observe and count the number of nodules, determine Nitrogenase activity.
  • the alfalfa carrying the empty vector Rhizobium meliloti Rm 1021 /p vector) was used as a control.
  • the nitrogenase activity was determined as follows: 10 roots of alfalfa (below cotyledons;) were collected, placed in a 10 ml glass bottle, tightly stoppered, and 1 ml of acetylene was injected with a syringe at 28 ° C for 30 minutes to absorb 100
  • the gas composition was analyzed by a gas chromatograph (Gc961), wherein the carrier gas was nitrogen, the column pressure was 0.1 MPa, the column temperature was 60 ° C, and a hydrogen ion flame monitor was used.
  • the nitrogenase activity was determined by calculating the average ethylene content.
  • Rhizobium engineered strain LMG202 can induce the formation of less nitrogen-fixing nodules in alfalfa, and the nitrogenase activity is significantly improved.
  • Example 3 Rhizobium engineered bacteria LMG2 promotes alfalfa growth
  • the alfalfa seeds were surface-sterilized, they were mixed with physiological saline (0.85% (w/ V ; resuspended Rhizobium LMG202 (containing 10 8 Rhizobium/ml) and soaked for 0.5 hours, and then sown.
  • the alfalfa of the carrier Rhizobium (S/ «or/» ob/w meliloti Rml021/pvector, WT) was used as a control.
  • the Rhizobium engineered strain LMG202 was inoculated and the empty carrier Rhizobium was inoculated (WT). The fresh weight of the stems and roots of alfalfa was weighed and counted separately.
  • the alfalfa inoculated with the Rhizobium engineered strain LMG202 had a significantly higher biomass after 4 weeks than the inoculation of alfalfa carrying the empty vector Rhizobium.
  • Example 4 Alfalfa inoculated with Rhizobium engineered strain LMG202 The drought resistance of alfalfa was significantly enhanced after surface disinfection of alfalfa seeds with physiological saline (0.85% (w/ V ; resuspended rhizobium)
  • LMG202 (containing 10 8 Rhizobium/ml) was mixed and soaked for 0.5 hours and then sown.
  • the alfalfa was not inoculated with Rhizobium as a control.
  • Jenson nutrient solution was poured twice a week, 80 ml each time. From the third week onwards, the drought tolerance test was conducted. After the drought tolerance test begins, no water or nutrient solution is given until the plants are found to wither.
  • the present inventors also obtained a similar drought-resistant effect by using the constitutive lac promoter (Ptrp) to drive the expression of the IPT gene.
  • Ptrp constitutive lac promoter
  • Recombinant plasmid pSSJ003 was obtained as in Example 1 above; transferred to slow-growing soybean rhizobium Bmdyrhizobium japonicum by electroporation (see Mesa S, Reutimann L, Fischer HM, Hennecke H. Posttranslational control of transcription factor FixK2, a key regulator for the Bradyrhizobium japonicum-soybean symbiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci US A. 2009, 106(5 1):21860-5; provided by Dr. Hennecke) Engineering strain LMG102 ( Figure 4). The Rhizobium was brought into contact with soybean seeds as described in Example 4 above, and the inoculated soybean seeds were planted in the soil for drought tolerance test.
  • the drought tolerance test is carried out under the following conditions: watering once a week, watering 80 ml per pot of plants, no watering from the fourth week, and continuous extreme drought treatment.
  • the temperature in the greenhouse is 23 ⁇ 1 °C, 16 hours of light per day, and 8 hours of darkness.
  • the effects of drought resistance on plants were observed after 5 days of drought treatment.
  • the LMG102 strain is similar to the Rhizobium sinensis engineered bacteria, and has an effect of promoting drought resistance of the host plant.
  • Example 6 Changes of cytokinin (CK, maize) content in alfalfa leaves inoculated with Rhizobium engineered strain LMG202
  • the alfalfa seeds After the surface of the alfalfa seeds was disinfected, it was mixed with physiological saline (0.85% (w/ V ; resuspended Rhizobium LMG202 (containing 10 8 Rhizobium/ml) for 0.5 hours, and then sown in the sterilized
  • physiological saline 0.85% (w/ V ; resuspended Rhizobium LMG202 (containing 10 8 Rhizobium/ml) for 0.5 hours, and then sown in the sterilized
  • the artificial soil of vermiculite perlite it is placed in the artificial climate chamber to grow to the 4th week, the artificial soil is drained, and the plant is washed.
  • the inoculating empty carrier Rhizobium is carried out (S/ «or/ ⁇ ob/wm meliloti Rml021 /pvector) Alfalfa as a control.
  • the CK extraction method is as follows:
  • Detection wavelength 210, 254, 280, 320, 360, 226nm ;
  • Mass spectrometry scanning range 50-400;
  • Electrospray ion source parameters Nebulizer pressure 40 psig, drying gas N2 350C 9L/min, ESI;
  • Capillary voltage fragmentor 160v, skimmer 65V, Oct RF Vpp750V;
  • Figure 6 shows that alfalfa leaves inoculated with S. meliloti LMG202 were inoculated with respect to the control (inoculated with alfalfa nodules carrying S. cerevisiae (S/ «or/ ⁇ ob/wm meliloti Rml021/p VeC t O r)) The content of cytokinin increased by 18%.
  • Example 7 Changes in water content of alfalfa inoculated with Rhizobium engineering strain LMG202
  • Alfalfa inoculated with Rhizobium engineered strain LMG202 was prepared as in Example 6 to inoculate alfalfa carrying the empty vector Rhizobium (S/ «or/ ⁇ ob/wm meliloti Rml021/pvector) as a control.
  • the drought treatment process is: after the surface of the alfalfa seed is disinfected, it is mixed with physiological saline (0.85% (w/ V ; resuspended Rhizobium LMG202 (containing 10 8 Rhizobium/ml) for 0.5 hour, and then sowed. Using alfalfa without inoculation with Rhizobium as a control. During the growth of alfalfa, Jenson nutrient solution was poured weekly.
  • the fresh weight of the plants was weighed first, then the plants were wrapped in kraft paper bags and dried at 65 °C overnight, the dry weight was weighed, and the fresh weight was reduced. The weight is the water content of the plant.
  • Rhizobium inoculated with Rhizobium Sinorhizobium meliloti Rml021 was obtained in a self-culture state, cultured in a liquid medium at 28 ° C overnight, and collected after centrifugation; and the genetically engineered Rhizobium LMG202 of the present invention.
  • RNA was extracted, reverse transcribed into cDNA, and the expression of the introduced foreign gene IPT was detected by PCR (priming primer: IPT ⁇ TTCGGACGCCTTTCTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 1), GCCGCCCTGCATCAATAT (SEQ ID NO: 2); rpsF: CCTCGCTCGGCAGGACAT (SEQ ID NO: 3), GCCTTGCGGTTCTTCTTGAT (SEQ ID NO: 4)).
  • the alfalfa seeds were surface-sterilized with 25% sodium hypochlorite solution for 10 min. After soaking seeds and germination, they were soaked in rhizobium bacteria for 10 min, sowed in sterile nitrogen-free vermiculite perlite, and placed in an artificial climate chamber for growth.
  • the drought-treated alfalfa leaves were stained with peroxide DAB, specifically: watering once every 5 days in the growing period, and stopping to water after 3 weeks of growth, observing the phenotype of the plants.
  • DAB staining was used to detect endogenous reactive oxygen species (3 ⁇ 40 2 ). After cessation of watering for 5 days in the third week, when the wilting occurred, the 3-4 leaves from the top of the plant were incubated for 12 h at 0 °C in 0.1% DAB solution (pH 5.8, now). Transfer the leaves to 95% ethanol, boil for 5 min, repeat 3 times until the background is clean and microscopically examined.
  • the alfalfa was cultured as described in Example 9 above, inoculated with Rhizobium, and treated with drought.
  • the expression of the introduced antioxidant enzyme gene was detected by PCR by extracting total RNA from the leaves and reverse transcription into cDNA.
  • SOD superoxide dismutase AATGTCACCGTCGGTGATGATG (SEQ ID NO: 5), GTTCATCCTTGCAAACCAATAATACC (SEQ ID NO: 6);
  • CAT catalase CCTATTTGATGATGTGGGTGTCC (SEQ ID NO: 7), GTCTTGAGTAGCATGGCTGTGGT (SEQ ID NO: 8);
  • sAPX chloroplast matrix ascorbate peroxidase ACCAACCTCGTTCAGTGTCCAT (SEQ ID NO: 9), AGAGCGCTGTCTGCGTTCTATT (SEQ ID NO: 10);
  • thylAPX thylakoid membrane ascorbate peroxidase TCATCCTCTTTTGATTCGTTTGG (SEQ ID NO: 1 1), CTTTGATTGGCTGGAG AAGTTTC (SEQ ID NO: 12);
  • DEAR dehydroascorbate reductase GATTGGAGACTGCCCTTTTAGC (SEQ ID NO: 13), CTGTAGCCTTTTCAGGTGGTGT (SEQ ID NO: 14);
  • MDH R monodehydroascorbic acid reductase AGCGTTCGTTTACGTGATTCTTG (SEQ ID NO: 15), CATTTGGGAGTTAGCCTTTCCTC (SEQ ID NO: 16);
  • GR glutathione reductase TTTGAACAAAGGTGCAGAAGAAGG (SEQ ID NO: 17), TGGGAACACAACCACGAATGAC (SEQ ID NO: 18);
  • GPX glutathione peroxidase TGGACAGGAGCCAGGATCTAGT (SEQ ID NO: 19), ATTTTCAGAGGAGCGGTGGTAG (SEQ ID NO: 20);
  • Actin2 actin (internal reference): TGGCATCACTCAGTACCTTTCAAG (SEQ ID NO: 21), ACCCAAAGCATCAAATAATAAGTCAACC (SEQ ID NO: 22);
  • the ⁇ -aminobutyric acid synthase gene in E. coli was obtained as Nde.
  • I/Xba I was digested, it was inserted into the corresponding site of the expression vector pSRK-Km to obtain a recombinant plasmid.
  • the recombinant plasmid was transformed into S.

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Description

一种改变植物性状的方法
技术领域
本发明属于生物技术和植物学领域; 更具体地, 本发明涉及一种改变植物性状 的方法。 背景技术
现有技术中, 普遍采用转基因技术来改变植物的性状或表型, 获得植物的新品 种。 尽管现有技术中植物的转基因技术已经被广泛地研究和应用, 经典的例如利 用农杆菌携带目的基因, 将之转化植物的愈伤组织, 该技术对于许多种类的植物 均是有用的, 例如模式植物拟南芥、 经济作物水稻、 小麦、 棉花、 烟草等等。 人 们却发现, 对豆科作物等其它一些植物采用常规的转基因技术 (如农杆菌法)以获 得转基因植物非常困难。 目前还没有特别高效的针对豆科作物的转基因技术, 这 大大限制了豆科作物的品种改良。 此外, 由于可能存在对健康的影响, 一些转基 因植物目前还不能被很多人接受。
豆科作物为种子植物中很大的一个科,分布很广。例如,作为豆科作物的一种, 紫花苜蓿是一种分布广泛的豆科牧草, 还可以作为饲料和绿肥以及人们日常食用 的蔬菜。 干旱是影响豆科作物正常生长以及产量的主要因素之一。 因此, 目前迫 切需要提高豆科作物的抗旱能力, 从而扩大豆科作物的种植面积, 提高产量。
因此, 本领域迫切需要研究一种可方便、 有效地改变植物性状或表型的方法。 发明内容
本发明的目的在于提供一种改变植物性状的方法。
一种改变植物或作物性状或表型的方法, 所述方法包括:
(1) 提供一种重组根瘤菌, 所述的重组根瘤菌细胞中含有外源基因的表达盒 (游 离于基因组之外, 也可以整合到基因组中;); 所述的外源基因是改变植物性状相关 基因, 或是被表达后能形成改变植物性状相关成分的基因; 和
(2) 将重组根瘤菌与植物接触共生, 从而所述的外源基因(在植物体内, 特别是 根瘤内)被表达并被转运到植物的细胞、 组织或器官内; 或者所述的外源基因(在 植物体内, 特别是根瘤内)被表达并形成改变植物性状相关成分 (如激素, 生长素, 细胞分裂素等;), 该成分被转运到植物的细胞、 组织或器官内。
在一个优选例中, 所述的重组根瘤菌的出发菌株选自 (但不限于;): 苜蓿中华根 ^ ¾ {Sinorhizobium meliloti) ^ f# ^ λ S. ¾ {Bradyrhizobium japonicum)、费氏 中华申艮瘤菌 (Sinorhizobium fredii )、 豌显申艮瘤菌 (Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae) ^ ~ L^M ^ Brady rhizobium sp. arachis) ^ 莲瘤固氮根瘤菌 (田菁 (莲瘤) 根瘤菌) {Azorhizobium caulinodans) , 埃氏慢生根瘤菌 (慢生大豆根瘤菌) {Bradyrhizobium elkanii)、 辽宁†曼生 ¾ ^ ¾ (5 radyrh izo b ium liaoningense)、 华努中 生申艮瘤菌 (紫云英) {Mesorhizobium huakuif)、 Φ ^^ {Mesorhizobium loti) ,埃特里根瘤菌(菜豆) CR 7 zo / etW>、豌豆根瘤菌(菜豆生物型)(^ zo^/ leguminosarum biovar phase oli)、 婉显†艮瘤菌 (三口十草生物型 ) {Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii) ^ 甘草†艮瘤菌 {Mesorhizobium glycyrrhiza )或黄 本艮 瘤菌 {Mesorhizobium astragalus ) 。
在另一优选例中, 所述的植物是能与根瘤菌共生的植物。
在另一优选例中, 所述的植物选自: 豆科植物 (豆科作物)。
在另一优选例中, 所述的豆科植物选自: 苜蓿、 大豆、 豌豆、 花生、 菜豆、 绿 豆、 赤豆、 蚕豆、 豇豆、 紫云英、 甘草或黄芪。
在另一优选例中, 所述的外源基因选自: 异戊烯基转移酶基因、 Y -氨基丁酸 合成酶基因、 赤霉素 3合成酶基因、 古巴焦磷酸合成酶基因, 内根-贝壳杉烯合成 酶基因, 内根-贝壳杉烯 19-氧化酶基因, 内根 -贝壳杉烯酸 7 β羟化酶基因, GA12- 醛合成酶基因, GA-7-氧化酶基因, GA- 13-羟化酶基因, GA20-氧化酶基因, GA3 β羟化酶基因, GA2-氧化酶基因或细胞色素 Ρ450单加氧酶基因。
在另一优选例中, 所述的外源基因选自: 异戊烯基转移酶基因、 Υ -氨基丁酸 合成酶基因。
在本发明的另一方面,提供一种重组根瘤菌,其细胞中含有外源基因的表达盒; 所述的外源基因是改变植物性状相关基因, 或是被表达后能形成改变植物性状相 关成分 (如植物细胞分裂素;)的基因。
在另一优选例中, 所述的外源基因选自: 异戊烯基转移酶基因、 Υ -氨基丁酸 合成酶基因和赤霉素 3合成酶基因、 古巴焦磷酸合成酶基因, 内根-贝壳杉烯合成 酶基因, 内根-贝壳杉烯 19-氧化酶基因, 内根 -贝壳杉烯酸 7 β羟化酶基因, GA12- 醛合成酶基因, GA-7-氧化酶基因, GA- 13-羟化酶基因, GA20-氧化酶基因, GA3 β羟化酶基因, GA2-氧化酶基因或细胞色素 Ρ450单加氧酶基因。
在另一优选例中, 所述的重组根瘤菌表达异戊烯基转移酶, 所述的异戊烯基转 移酶能合成植物细胞分裂素。 在另一优选例中, 所述的植物细胞分裂素是反式玉米素。
在另一优选例中, 所述的重组根瘤菌表达 Y -氨基丁酸合成酶, 所述的 Y -氨基 丁酸合成酶能合成 Y -氨基丁酸。
在本发明的另一方面, 提供所述的重组根瘤菌的制备方法, 所述方法包括: 将表达载体转移入根瘤菌中; 其中, 所述的表达载体中含有外源基因的表达盒, 所述的外源基因是改变植物性状相关基因或是被表达后能形成改变植物性状相关 成分的基因。
在一个优选例中, 采用辅助菌(优选选自大肠杆菌 (Escherichia coli) MT616/pRK600禾卩 MM294/pRK2013)进行辅助接合, 从而将表达载体转移入根瘤 菌中。
在另一优选例中, 所述的表达载体选自 (;但不限于;): pSRK-km , pMB393 和 pPHU23 1。
在本发明的另一方面, 提供一种所述的重组根瘤菌的用途, 用于改变植物 (或 作物)性状。
在另一优选例中, 所述的重组根瘤菌表达异戊烯基转移酶或 Y -氨基丁酸合成 酶, 该重组根瘤菌用于提高植物 (优选豆科作物)的抗旱能力, 提高植物的固氮酶 活力, 促进植物的生长, 提高植物的生物量, 提高植物组织中细胞分裂素含量, 提高植物组织的水份含量, 降低植物组织 (如叶片)中过氧化物的含量, 提高植物 组织 (如叶片)中抗氧化酶类基因的表达或提高植物抗病虫害 (铃夜蛾、 沙柳木蠹蛾 和番茄叶霉菌)能力。
在本发明的另一方面, 提供一种改变植物 (或作物)性状的组合物, 包括:
(1) 有效量的所述的重组根瘤菌; 和
(2) 农药学上可接受的载体。
在一个优选例中, 所述的组合物是肥料。
在另一优选例中,所述的组合物为选自下组的剂型:可湿粉剂, 可乳化浓缩物, 水溶液, 乳液, 可喷洒溶液, 油性或水性分散系, 悬浮剂, 粉剂, 颗粒剂, 或微 胶囊。
在另一优选例中, 所述组合物还含有选自下组的物质: 表面活性剂、 展着剂、 填充物质、 或根瘤菌活性促进剂。 在本发明的另一方面, 提供一种制备改变植物 (或作物)性状的组合物的方法, 所述方法包括: 将有效量的所述的重组根瘤菌与有效量的农药学上可接受的载体 混合。
本发明的其它方面由于本文的公开内容, 对本领域的技术人员而言是显而易见 的。 附图说明
图 1 . 苜蓿根瘤菌工程菌株的构建流程示意图。
图 2. 接种工程根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿的生物量与结瘤固氮能力。
A, Shoot , 接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿地上部分的生物量 (生长至第四周的茎和叶, 纵坐标单位为克;); plant , 接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿总的生物量 (纵坐标单位为克;);
B, 接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿上形成的总瘤数;
C, 接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿上形成的根瘤的固氮酶活性 (单位为 [ nmol 乙烯] /nmol [乙炔] /g植物的总生物量)。 WT,接种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤菌 (S/«or/»zob/w meliloti Rm l 021/pvector) ; LMG202 , 接种苜蓿根瘤菌工程菌株。
图 3 . 接种工程根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿对干旱的耐受能力测试。
A, 未经干旱处理接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿 (生长至第 4周;);
B, 经过干旱处理 4天接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿;
C, 经过干旱处理 6天接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿;
D, 经过干旱处理 6天再重新浇水后第 2天的接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿。 WT, 接 种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤菌 (S/«or/2/zob/w e///ot/ Rm l 021/pvector) ; LMG202 , 接 种苜蓿根瘤菌工程菌株。
图 4. 大豆根瘤菌工程菌株的构建流程示意图。
图 5. 接种工程大豆根瘤菌 LMG102增强了栽培大豆的抗旱性。 左侧植株为接 种工程大豆根瘤菌 LMG102的大豆植株;右侧植株为接种野生型大豆根瘤菌 (慢生 型大 艮瘤菌 Bradyrhizobium _ opo«/cw /pvector)的大显植株。
图 6. 苜蓿中华根瘤菌处理的紫花苜蓿叶片中细胞分裂素 (CK)含量。 接种工程 苜蓿中华根瘤菌 LMG202的紫花苜蓿叶片中 CK含量较接种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤 菌的 CK含量明显增加。
图 7. 接种工程苜蓿根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿的水分含量。
A. 干旱处理前没有明显差异;
B. 干旱处理后, 产生差异。
Shoot, 紫花苜蓿地上部分的水份含量; whole , 接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿总的水 份含量; root, 紫花苜蓿根的水份含量。 纵坐标单位: 百分数(%;)。 图中 CK指对 照植株即接种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿植株。
图 8. PCR检测 ΖΡΓ基因在根瘤菌中表达情况。 以 r;^F (;苜蓿中华根瘤菌核糖体 蛋白 S6基因)的表达作为阳性对照。 图中 CK指携带空载体的野生型苜蓿中华根 瘤菌。
A. 自生状态下的根瘤菌;
B. 共生状态下的根瘤菌。
图 9. 经干旱处理的紫花苜蓿叶片的过氧化物 DAB染色。接种工程苜蓿中华根 瘤菌 LMG202的紫花苜蓿叶片中过氧化物含量明显降低。
图 10、 紫花苜蓿叶片的抗氧化酶的表达。 具体实施方式
本发明人经过广泛的研究,意外地发现可应用一些植物与根瘤菌形成共生关系 的特殊性质, 在植物根瘤细胞内部定殖的根瘤菌中表达外源基因 (如异戊烯基转移 酶基因, 其可合成植物细胞分裂素 (如反式玉米素; , 然后通过植物体内已经存在 的运输系统将外源基因的表达产物或由该外源基因的表达而形成的成分转运到植 物的其它组织或器官, 从而改变植物的性状或表型。 植物
如本文所用, 所述的 "植物" 是能与根瘤菌共生的植物。 本领域人员清楚哪 些植物是能够与根瘤菌共生的。 多种植物都可形成根瘤结构, 这种根瘤结构是相 同或相似的, 并且都能与根瘤菌共生。
作为本发明的一种实施方式, 所述的植物选自: 豆科植物 (豆科作物)。 其中 豆科植物种类很多, 本发明的方法适用于任何具有根瘤结构或可形成根瘤结构且 能够与根瘤菌形成共生关系的豆科作物。 例如, 所述的豆科植物包括如下: 食用 类如大豆、 蚕豆、 豌豆、 绿豆、 赤豆、 豇豆、 菜豆、 藕豆、 木豆、 落花生等; 饲 料类如紫云英、 苜蓿、 蚕豆、 翘摇等; 材用类如合欢、 黄檀、 皂角、 格木、 红豆、 槐等; 染料类如马棘、 槐花、 木蓝、 苏木等; 树胶等; 树脂类如阿拉伯胶、 木黄 芪胶、 柯伯胶等; 纤维类如印度麻、 葛藤等; 油料类如大豆、 落花生等。 应理解, 在本发明的技术方案的提示下, 本领域人员易于想到变换各种豆科作物的种类而 实现相同或相似的技术效果, 这些变换形式也包含于本发明。 外源基因
本发明对于外源基因没有特别的限制, 只要其能够被根瘤菌表达, 并且自身 能够改变植物的性状或表型, 或表达后能够形成改变植物性状相关成分。 所述的 外源基因可以是结构基因。合适的外源基因例如但不限于: 异戊烯基转移酶基因、 Y -氨基丁酸合成酶基因和赤霉素 3合成酶基因等。
此外, 外源基因还包括其变体, 该变体表达的蛋白与该外源基因表达的蛋白 具有相同的功能。 其通过插入或删除部分碱基, 进行随机或定点突变等来获得。
所述的外源基因的表达盒还可包括操作性与所述外源基因相连的启动子等元 件。
作为本发明的一种实施方式, 所述的源基因是异戊烯基转移酶基因。 异戊烯 基转移酶 (IPT)是一种可指导细胞分裂素合成的催化酶, 参与调控植物发育、 形态 和生理过程, 在调控植物组织中细胞分裂素水平方面具有重要作用。 其氨基酸序 列例如 GenBank登录号 AAK90970.2所示;其编码基因的序列例如 GenBank登录 号 AE007871.2所示。
所述的异戊烯基转移酶可在根瘤菌中合成植物细胞分裂素, 特别是反式玉米 素, 所述的反式玉米素 (为小分子;)是一种细胞分裂素, 可调控细胞分裂及影响多 种发育事件, 例如枝条 (shoot)的发育、 库强、 根的分支、 枝条顶端优势的控制、 叶的发育、 叶绿体发育和叶片衰老等。
其它可用的外源基因包括但不限于: Y -氨基丁酸合成酶, 赤霉素 3合成酶古 巴焦磷酸合成酶, 内根 -贝壳杉烯合成酶, 内根-贝壳杉烯 19-氧化酶, 内根 -贝壳 杉烯酸 7 β羟化酶, GA12-醛合成酶, GA-7-氧化酶, GA-13-羟化酶, GA20-氧化 酶, GA3 i 羟化酶, GA2-氧化酶或细胞色素 P450单加氧酶等的编码基因。
Y -氨基丁酸合成酶是一种谷氨酸脱羧酶, 是以谷氨酸为底物, 合成 Y -氨基 丁酸的关键酶, 参与植物与环境之间的信息交流。 其氨基酸序列例如 GenBank登 录号 AAB 18493.1所示; 其编码基因的序列例如 GenBank登录号 M84024.1所示。
赤霉素 3合成酶是一种参与植物生长调节剂 赤霉素生物合成的关键酶。 其氨基酸序列例如 GenBank登录号 AAC39506.1所示; 其编码基因的序列例如如 GenBank登录号 AF047720. 1所示。
古巴焦磷酸合酶 (entcopalyl pyrophosphate synthase, CPS)和内根 -贝壳杉烯合 酶 (ent- kaurene synthase , KS ) 也是赤霉素生物合成的关键酶,在赤霉菌中 CPS 和 KS 是以双功能蛋白复合体形式存在, 其氨基酸序列例如 GenBank 登录号 CAA75244.1 , Q9UVY5.1或 ABC46413.1所示; 在高等植物中, 其氨基酸序列例 如 GenBank 登录号 AAA73960.1, Q0E088.1 , BAH56558.1 , BAH56559.1, BAH56560.1 , BAD91286.1或 Q947C4.1等所示。
另外, 内根-贝壳杉烯 19-氧化酶, 内根 -贝壳杉烯酸 7 β羟化酶, GA12-醛合 成酶, GA-7-氧化酶, GA-13-羟化酶, GA20-氧化酶, GA3 P羟化酶, GA2-氧化 酶或细胞色素 P450单加氧酶等也是赤霉素生物合成过程中的酶(应用与环境生物 学报 2008, 14 ( 4 ): 571-577, 赤霉素生物合成途径及其相关研究进展; 植物学通 报 2002 , 19 (2) : 137〜149植物赤霉素生物合成和信号传导的分子生物学) , 也 可以用于本发明。
细胞分裂素、 Y -氨基丁酸、 赤霉素均为小分子化合物, 为植物生长调解剂。 与 3-吲哚乙酸在植物中主动运输的机制不同,它们在植物中是被动运输的。而且, 根瘤菌本身无法合成细胞分裂素、 Y -氨基丁酸和赤霉素。
编码以上各蛋白 (酶)的基因均可用于本发明。 所述的蛋白包括全长的蛋白或其 生物活性片段 (或称为活性片段;)。 例如, 所述的异戊烯基转移酶的氨基酸序列可 以与 GenBank登录号 AAK90970.2所示的序列基本上相同。
经过一个或多个氨基酸残基的取代、缺失或添加而形成的蛋白也包括在本发明 中。 以上蛋白或它们的生物活性片段包括一部分保守氨基酸的替代序列, 所述经 氨基酸替换的序列并不影响它们的活性或保留了它们的部分的活性。 适当替换氨 基酸是本领域公知的技术, 所述技术可以很容易地被实施, 并且确保不改变所得 分子的生物活性。 这些技术使本领域人员认识到, 一般来说, 在一种多肽的非必 要区域改变单个氨基酸基本上不会改变生物活性。
任何一种以上蛋白的生物活性片段都可以应用到本发明中。在这里, 蛋白的生 物活性片段的含义是指作为一种多肽,其仍然能保持全长蛋白的全部或部分功能。 通常情况下, 所述的生物活性片段至少保持 50%的全长蛋白的活性。 在更优选的 条件下, 所述活性片段能够保持全长蛋白的 60%、 70%、 80%、 90%、 95%、 99%、 或 100%的活性。
本发明也可采用经修饰或改良的上述蛋白, 比如, 可采用为了促进其半衰期、 有效性、 代谢和 /或蛋白的效力而加以修饰或改良的蛋白。 所述经过修饰或改良的 蛋白可以是一种蛋白的共轭物, 或其可包含被取代的或人工的氨基酸。 所述经过 修饰或改良的蛋白可以是与天然存在的蛋白具有较小的共同点, 但也能在根瘤菌 中合成改变植物性状相关的成分(如细胞分裂素), 且不会带来其它不良影响或毒 性。 也就是说, 任何不影响上述蛋白的生物活性的变化形式都可用于本发明中。 本发明还包括了编码上述蛋白的生物活性片段的分离的核酸, 也可以是其互 补链。 编码生物活性片段的 DNA序列, 可以全序列人工合成, 也可用 PCR扩增 的方法获得。
本发明还包括了包含编码所述蛋白或其生物活性片段的核酸分子的载体。 所 述的载体还可包含与所述核酸分子的序列操作性相连的表达调控序列, 以便于蛋 白的表达。 所述的 "操作性相连" 或 "可操作地连于" 指这样一种状况, 即线性 DNA序列的某些部分能够调节或控制同一线性 DNA序列其它部分的活性。例如, 如果启动子控制序列的转录, 那么它就是可操作地连于编码序列。 根瘤菌
根瘤菌 (rhizobia)是与可形成根瘤结构的植物共生, 形成根瘤并固定空气中的 氮气供植物营养的一类杆状细菌。 这种共生体系具有很强的固氮能力。 根瘤菌是 通过植物根毛、 侧根杈口 (如花生;)或其他部位侵入, 形成侵入线, 进到根的皮层, 剌激宿主皮层细胞分裂, 形成根瘤, 根瘤菌从侵入线进到根瘤细胞, 继续繁殖, 根瘤中含有根瘤菌的细胞群构成含菌组织。 例如, 豆科作物的根瘤中, 有能固氮 的根瘤菌与之共生。 根瘤菌将空气中的氮转化为植物能吸收的含氮物质, 如氨, 而植物为根瘤菌提供有机物。
尽管根瘤菌通过侵入植物的组织, 与植物共生, 然而其并非如农杆菌那样, 可将携带的任意外源基因良好地转化入植物中。 目前本领域人员也无从了解根 瘤菌是否可表达外源基因(如异戊烯基转移酶基因;)以及是否可形成对于植物的 影响(如合成植物细胞分裂素并将植物细胞分裂素转移入植物的组织或器官 中;)。 而本发明人第一次揭示了根瘤菌在与植物共生后, 可表达外源基因并有效 合成和输送外源基因表达产物或成分进入植物的组织或器官中。
基于本发明人的新发现, 本发明提供了一种重组根瘤菌, 其细胞中含有外源 基因 (如异戊烯基转移酶基因;)的表达盒, 从而能表达外源基因。 当所述的外源 基因是异戊烯基转移酶基因时, 所述的异戊烯基转移酶能够在根瘤菌内合成细 胞分裂素如玉米素 (特别是反式玉米素;), 玉米素能够被根瘤菌输送给与之共生 的植物, 并改变植物性状, 特别是增强的植物抗逆性。 当所述的外源基因是 Y - 氨基丁酸合成酶基因时, 所述的 Y -氨基丁酸合成酶能够在根瘤菌内合成 Y -氨基 丁酸, 能够增强植物的抗病能力。 如本文所用, 所述的 "重组根瘤菌"可与 "根瘤菌工程菌株"或 "工程根瘤菌" 互换使用, 均是指细胞中含有外源基因的表达盒的根瘤菌。 所述的重组根瘤菌的 出发菌株 (即重组操作前的原始菌株;)可以是多种根瘤菌, 例如选自但不限于: 苜 中华 t艮瘤菌 (S/"o w'zob/ww meliloti、 †曼生型大豆 t艮瘤菌 CS acfyr z/zob/ww japonicum)、
Figure imgf000010_0001
碗豆卞艮瘤菌 (R »'zob/w leguminosarum bv. viciae) ^ ^^L^ (Bradyrhizobium sp. arachis) 、 莲瘤固氣 t艮 瘤菌 (Azorhizobium cauUnoda ) , 埃氏慢生根瘤菌 (慢生大豆根瘤菌)
(Bradyrhizobium elkanif}、 辽宁卞曼生卞艮瘤菌 ( racfyr z/zobz'MW liaoningense) ^ 华突中 生卞艮瘤菌 (Mesorhizobium huakuii、 百脉卞艮中生卞艮瘤菌 (Me or w'zob/ww /ot/), 埃特 里卞艮瘤菌 (Rhizobium etlf)、 豌显卞艮瘤菌 (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phase oli) ^ 豌显卞艮瘤菌 (Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolif)、 甘草卞艮瘤菌
(Mesorhizobium glycyrrhiza ) 或黄 卞艮瘤菌 .Mesorhizobium astragalus ) 。 也可 根据植物的具体种类来选择合适的根瘤菌, 这是本领域技术人员所已知的。
本发明还提供了所述的重组根瘤菌的用途, 用于改变植物的性状或表型。
本发明还提供了所述的一种重组根瘤菌的用途,该重组根瘤菌含有外源的异戊 烯基转移酶基因, 其可用于提高植物抗旱能力、 固氮酶活力, 促进植物生长, 提 高植物的生物量, 提高植物组织中细胞分裂素含量, 提高植物组织的水份含量, 降低植物组织 (如叶片)中过氧化物的含量,提高植物组织 (如叶片)中抗氧化酶类基 因的表达或提高植物抗病虫害 (如铃夜蛾、 沙柳木蠹蛾和番茄叶霉菌;)能力。
在参考了本发明的方法后, 本领域技术人员可以通过常规的细胞生物学技术 大量地生产或培养出所述的重组根瘤菌。 生产重组根瘤菌的方法通常是: 将表达 载体转移入根瘤菌中, 所述的表达载体中含有外源基因的表达盒。 较佳地, 为了 提高转移的效率, 采用辅助菌进行辅助接合, 从而将表达载体转移入根瘤菌中。 所述的辅助菌可选自大肠杆菌 C¾c½r/c/2/a coli) MT616和 MM294/pRK2013等。
本领域的技术人员熟知的方法能用于构建含有外源基因的表达盒的表达载体。 这些方法包括体外重组 DNA技术、 DNA合成技术、 体内重组技术等。 所述的外 源基因的转录本可有效连接到载体中的适当启动子上。
此外, 表达载体优选地包含一个或多个选择性标记基因, 以提供用于选择转 化的宿主细胞的表型性状, 如真核细胞培养用的二氢叶酸还原酶、 新霉素抗性 以及绿色荧光蛋白 (GFP), 或用于大肠杆菌的卡那霉素或氨苄青霉素抗性。本领 域一般技术人员都清楚如何选择适当的载体、 启动子或增强子。 改变植物性状的方法
本发明提供了一种改变植物性状的方法,包括将重组根瘤菌与植物接触共生, 从而所述的外源基因被表达并被转运到植物的细胞、 组织或器官内; 或者所述的 外源基因被表达并形成改变植物性状相关成分, 该成分被转运到植物的细胞、 组 织或器官内。
作为本发明的一个实施方式, 提供了一种提高豆科作物抗旱能力、 固氮酶活力 或促进豆科作物生长的方法, 包括: 将豆科作物与有效量的可表达异戊烯基转移 酶的重组根瘤菌接触, 从而植物细胞分裂素 (特别是反式玉米素;)被转运到豆科作 物的细胞、 组织或器官内。
植物的各种组织和细胞均可与所述的重组根瘤菌接触(从而根瘤菌被接种上 去), 例如植物的种子和根系。
在本发明的一个优选例中, 将所述的重组根瘤菌配制成菌液 (介质上生理盐水;) 形式, 通过浸泡的方法接种到植物的种子上。 肥料制剂
本发明提供了一种改变植物性状的组合物, 其中含有有效量的所述的重组 根瘤菌, 以及余量的农药学上可接受的载体。 较佳地, 所述的组合物是肥料。
本发明中, 术语 "含有" 表示各种成分可一起应用于本发明的混合物或组 合物中。 因此, 术语 "主要由…组成" 和 "由…组成" 包含在术语 "含有" 中。
本发明中, "农药学上可接受的" 的成分是适用于农业用途而对人或其它动 物、 植物没有过度不良副反应 (如毒性、 剌激和变态反应;)的, 即有合理的效益 /风 险比的物质。
本发明中, "农药学上可接受的载体" 是用于将本发明的重组根瘤菌传送给 植物的可接受的溶剂、 悬浮剂或赋形剂等。 载体可以是液体或固体, 较佳的是能 够较高程度保持重组根瘤菌生物活性的载体。
所述组合物的剂型可以是多种多样的, 包括但不限于: 可湿粉剂, 可乳化浓缩 物, 水溶液, 乳液, 可喷洒溶液, 油性或水性分散系, 悬浮剂, 粉剂, 颗粒剂, 或微胶囊。 应理解, 只要能够将本发明所述的重组根瘤菌在保持全部或部分活性 的前提递送到植物植株或种子上的剂型都是可取的。 优选那些易于递送的剂型, 作为本发明的优选方式, 所述组合物是溶液、 液体喷洒剂、 或喷雾剂。 在本发明中, 所述的农药学上可接受的载体还可包括辅剂。所述的辅剂是一种 辅助成分, 在组合物中起辅助调节功能, 比如其可以是一种表面活性剂、 附着助 剂或其它类型助剂。
浓缩型的组合物中活性成分的含量较高, 如 20-90wt%, 而稀释型组合物和实 际使用的组合物中活性成分含量较低, 通常为 0.00005-0.5wt%。 此外, 还可以包 含其他合适的化学剂、 增效剂、 微量元素、 稳定剂、 粘合剂、 润湿剂、 分散剂、 乳化剂、 渗透剂、 溶剂、 充填剂等常用组分。 本发明组合物中还可以含有其它活 性成分, 如杀虫剂或其它肥料。
本发明的组合物可含有 104-1012个重组根瘤菌 /克 (mL)组合物; 更优选的, 含 有 106-101 Q个重组根瘤菌 /克 (mL)组合物。
在制备组合物时, 合适的固体稀释剂包括但不限于: 硅藻土, 玉米壳, 磷酸 三钙, 软木粉, 高岭土、 膨润土或硅镁土等粘土, 和水溶性聚合物。
此外, 固体组合物还可以含有一种或多种相容性润湿剂, 分散剂, 乳化剂或 色素, 这些成分在固态时也可起稀释剂的作用。
这样的固体组合物可以是粉剂, 颗粒剂或可湿粉剂的形式。 通常通过研磨获 得粉剂, 通过造粒或压片获得颗粒剂、 片剂或砖型剂。
液体组合物的形式可以是溶液, 悬浮液和乳液, 也可以将其包在天然或合成聚 合物中, 并可以包含润湿剂、 分散剂或乳化剂。 这样的乳液、 悬浮液或溶液可用 水性、 有机或水 -有机稀释剂来制备水溶性聚合物 (以及上述稀释剂的混合物)。 此 外, 所述稀释剂中可含有例如以上所述离子型或非离子型的润湿剂、 分散剂或乳 化剂或它们的混合物。
各种制剂的原理都是已知的, 并在例如以下文献中有所描述:
Winnacker-Kuchler , " Chemische Technologie"化学技术, Vol.7, C.Hauser Verlag Munich, 第 4版, 1986 ; van Valkenburg, "农药剂型", Marcel Dekker N. Y., 第 2版, 1972-73 ; K. Martens , "喷雾干燥手册", 第 3版, G. Goodwin Ltd. London 0 用于本发明组合物的所需的配制辅剂, (例如惰性物质, 表面活性剂, 溶剂和 其他添加剂;), 也是已知的, 其描述例如: Watkins "杀虫粉剂稀释剂和载体手册" 第 2版, Darland Books, Caldwell N. J. ; H.v.Olphen, "粘土胶体化学导引 " 第 2 版, J. Wiley & Sons, N.Y., Marsden, "溶剂指南"第 2版, Interscience, N.Y. 1950; McCutcheon's, "除垢剂和乳化剂年刊", MC Publ. Corp., Ridgewood N.J.; Sisley 和 Wood, "表面活性剂百科全书" , Chem.Publ. Co. Inc. , N.Y.1964 ; Schonfelt, " Grenzflachenaktive Athylenoxidaddukte "表面活性环氧乙焼加成产物,
Wiss. Verlagsgesell. , Stuttgart 1976; Winnacker-Kuchler , " Chemische Technologie" 化学技术, Vol.7, C.Hauser Verlag Munich, 第 4版, 1986。
可湿粉剂可均匀分散于水。 除活性物质之外, 可湿粉剂还可包含润湿剂, 分散 剂, 稀释剂等无环境公害的物质。 粉剂的制备可以是: 将活性物质与精细粉碎后 的滑石、 高岭土、 膨润土之类天然粘土或硅藻土等固体物质一同研磨。 颗粒剂的 制备可以是用活性物质喷涂吸附于惰性物质颗粒, 或将活性物质溶液通过粘合剂 (例如聚乙烯醇、 聚丙烯酸钠, 或矿物油;)施加于载体 (例如砂、 高岭土或惰性物质 颗粒;)表面。 如果欲与化肥混合施用, 则可将合适的活性物质象制备化肥颗粒那样 制备成颗粒。 本发明的主要优点:
(1) 本发明首次提出可以利用根瘤菌与可形成根瘤的植物共生, 将重组表达 的外源基因表达产物或因外源基因表达而形成的成分输送到植物的组织或器官 中, 从而改变植物的性状或表型。
(2) 本发明第一次揭示根瘤菌在与植物共生后, 可表达异戊烯基转移酶并有 效合成和输送植物细胞分裂素, 特别是反式玉米素 (小分子化合物)进入植物的组 织或器官中。 克服了常规的植物转基因技术难以应用于豆科作物的技术难题。
(3) 由于可能存在对健康的影响, 转基因植物目前还不能被很多人接受。 而 本发明提供了一种无需制备转基因植物即可该便植物性状或表型 (如提高植物抗 旱能力;)的新方法, 满足了人们对于环保以及食品安全的要求。
(4) 发明的重组根瘤菌繁殖方便, 成本低廉, 可以制成生物肥料, 特别是种 衣剂, 大规模地应用到农牧业生产中。
(5) 本发明的重组根瘤菌能够特异性与可形成根瘤的植物共生, 而对其它动物 或植物都没有可见的毒害, 是一种安全环保的产品。 下面结合具体实施例, 进一步阐述本发明。 应理解, 这些实施例仅用于说明 本发明而不用于限制本发明的范围。 下列实施例中未注明具体条件的实验方法, 通常按照常规条件如 Sambrook等人, 分子克隆: 实验室指南 (New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press , 1989)中所述的条件, 或按照制造厂商所建议的条 件。 除非另行定义,文中所使用的所有专业与科学用语与本领域熟练人员所熟悉的 意义相同。 此外, 任何与所记载内容相似或均等的方法及材料皆可应用于本发明 中。 文中所述的较佳实施方法与材料仅作示范之用。 实施例 1、 表达异戊烯基转移酶的苜蓿根瘤菌工程菌的构建
设计一对靶向根癌农杆菌异戊烯基转移酶基因阅读框架的寡聚核苷酸引物, 序列如下: 正向: 5,-GCTCATATGTTACTCCATCTCATCTACGG-3,, 和反向: 5,-CAGTCTAGAGTGCAATACTTGTAACAGGATCCGTAG-3,。
以 Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 pTiC58 (参见 Danhorn T, Hentzer M, Givskov M, Parsek MR, Fuqua C. Phosphorus limitation enhances biofilm formation of the plant pathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens through the PhoR-PhoB regulatory system. J Bacteriol. 2004, 186( 14):4492-501 ,由 Fuqua博士 提供) 为模板, 通过 PCR扩增, 获得目标 DNA片段; 经过限制性内切酶 Xbal 禾口 Ndel处理后, 克隆至表达载体 pSRK-Km (参见 Khan SR, Gaines J, Roop RM 2nd, Farrand SK. Broad-host-range expression vectors with tightly regulated promoters and their use to examine the influence of TraR and TraM expression on Ti plasmid quorum sensing. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2008, 74( 16):5053-62; 由 Farrand博士提供) 的 /ac启动子下游, 获得重组质粒 pSSJ003 ; 通过三亲本接 合(辅助菌为 MT616/pRK600 (参见 Exopolysaccharide-deficient mutants of Rhizobium meliloti that form ineffective nodules. Leigh J A, Signer ER, Walker GC. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1985, 82( 18):623 1-5; 由 Walker博士提供), 转移至野 生型苜蓿根瘤菌 Sinorhizobium meliloti Rml 021 (参见 Leigh等, 1985)中, 获得 工程菌株 LMG202。 构建过程见图 1。 实施例 2、 根瘤菌工程菌 LMG202对紫花苜蓿固氮根瘤形成的影响
将紫花苜蓿 (Medicago sativa Shangdong , 购自山东农科院)种子进行表面消毒 以后,与生理盐水 (浓度 0.85%(W/v))重悬的根瘤菌 LMG202 (含有 108个根瘤菌 /ml) 混合在一起浸泡 0.5 小时, 再播种于经过消毒的砒石珍珠岩人工土壤中, 置于人 工气候室中发芽生长至第 4周, 倒掉人工土壤, 洗净植株, 观察并统计根瘤数目, 测定固氮酶活性。 以接种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤菌 Si匿 hizobium meliloti Rm 1021 /p vector)的紫花苜蓿为对照。 固氮酶活性测定方法如下: 收集 10棵紫花苜蓿根系 (子叶以下;), 置于一个 10 毫升的玻璃瓶, 盖紧瓶塞, 用注射器注入 1毫升乙炔, 28°C, 反应 30分钟, 吸取 100微升气体, 通过气相色谱仪(Gc961)分析气体的组成成分, 其中载气为氮气, 柱压为 0. 1兆帕, 柱温为 60°C, 使用氢离子火焰监测器。 通过计算乙烯的平均含 量, 来确定固氮酶活性大小。
结果发现, 接种根瘤菌工程菌株 LMG202的紫花苜蓿, 形成的有效 (红色;)或 者固氮)根瘤数明显减少 (下降了 18.9%, 图 2B), 红色根瘤比接种携带空载体苜蓿 根瘤菌所诱导的略为增大, 根瘤的固氮酶活力明显提高 (工程菌是 WT的 2.2倍, 图 2C)。
因此, 根瘤菌工程菌 LMG202可以诱导紫花苜蓿形成较少的固氮根瘤, 固氮 酶活力明显提高。 实施例 3、 根瘤菌工程菌 LMG2促进紫花苜蓿生长
将紫花苜蓿种子进行表面消毒以后, 与生理盐水 (0.85%(w/V; 重悬的根瘤菌 LMG202 (含有 108个根瘤菌 /ml) 混合在一起浸泡 0.5小时, 再播种。 以接种携带 空载体苜蓿根瘤菌 (S/«or/» ob/w meliloti Rml021/pvector, WT)的紫花苜蓿为对 照。 在种植 28天后, 分别对接种根瘤菌工程菌 LMG202和接种携带空载体苜蓿 根瘤菌 (WT)的紫花苜蓿的茎叶和根系的鲜重, 分别进行了称量和统计, 发现 LMG202处理的植株生物量高于 WT株 (;茎叶和总的鲜重分别增加了 5.8禾 Π 10.9%, 图 2A;)。 因此, 工程菌株 LMG202具有促进紫花苜蓿生长的能力。
因此, 接种根瘤菌工程菌 LMG202的紫花苜蓿, 4周后的生物量比接种携带 空载体苜蓿根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿显著提高。 实施例 4、 接种根瘤菌工程菌 LMG202的紫花苜蓿抗旱能力显著增强 将紫花苜蓿种子进行表面消毒以后, 与生理盐水 (0.85%(w/V; 重悬的根瘤菌
LMG202 (含有 108个根瘤菌 /ml) 混合在一起浸泡 0.5小时, 再播种。 以未接种根 瘤菌的紫花苜蓿为对照。 在紫花苜蓿生长过程, 每周浇 Jenson营养液 2次, 每次 80ml。 从第 3周开始, 进行干旱耐受试验。 干旱耐受试验开始以后, 不再浇水或 者营养液, 直至发现植株枯萎为止。 在试验开始后的第 3天, 接种携带空载体苜 蓿根瘤菌 (WT)的植株开始枯萎, 第 4天就全部枯萎; 而接种工程菌株 LMG202的 紫花苜蓿, 到 4天才出现轻微的枯萎现象, 直到第 6天才大部分枯萎。 重新浇水 后第 2天, 接种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤菌的植株仍全部枯萎, 无法恢复, 而接种工 程根瘤菌的植株则全部或者大部分恢复生长 (见图 3)。
以上实验均有两个平行并重复 3次以上。 实施例 5、 接种根瘤菌工程菌 LMG102的大豆的抗旱能力验证
本发明人应用组成型 lac启动子 (Ptrp) 驱动 IPT基因的表达也获得类似的抗 旱效果。
表达异戊烯基转移酶的大豆根瘤菌工程菌的构建: 如前述实施例 1的方法获 得重组质粒 pSSJ003 ; 通过电转, 转移至慢生型大豆根瘤菌 Bmdyrhizobium japonicum (参见 Mesa S, Reutimann L, Fischer HM, Hennecke H.Posttranslational control of transcription factor FixK2, a key regulator for the Bradyrhizobium japonicum-soybean symbiosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2009, 106(5 1):21860-5 ; 由 Hennecke 博士提供) 中, 获得工程菌株 LMG102 (图 4)。 如前述实施例 4所述的 方法将该根瘤菌与大豆种子接触, 并将接种后的大豆种子种植于土壤中, 进行干 旱耐受试验。
干旱耐受试验的处理条件是: 每周浇水一次, 每次每盆植物浇水 80ml, 从第 四周开始不再浇水, 进行持续的极端干旱处理。 温室的温度 23士 1 °C, 每天光照 16小时, 黑暗 8小时。 至干旱处理 5天后观察植物抗旱的效果。
结果如图 5, LMG102菌株与苜蓿根瘤菌工程菌类似, 具有促进宿主植物抗 旱的效果。 实施例 6、接种根瘤菌工程菌 LMG202的紫花苜蓿叶片中细胞分裂素 (CK, 玉 米素)含量变化
将紫花苜蓿种子进行表面消毒以后, 与生理盐水 (0.85%(w/V; 重悬的根瘤菌 LMG202 (;含有 108个根瘤菌 /ml) 混合在一起浸泡 0.5小时, 再播种于经过消毒的 砒石珍珠岩人工土壤中, 置于人工气候室中发芽生长至第 4周, 倒掉人工土壤, 洗净植株。以接种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤菌 (S/«or/^ob/wm meliloti Rml021/pvector) 的紫花苜蓿为对照。
CK提取方法如下:
取 0.4g植物鲜样于液氮中研磨成粉末, 加提取液 (甲醇:水:甲酸 = 15 :4: 1, 色谱 纯, 于 -20 °C预冷) 继续研磨成匀浆, 转移至离心管中, 置于 -20 °C浸提过夜, 次日 离心,收集上清,用提取液定容至 2mL。经 0.22μηι滤膜过滤后,用于色谱分析 (参 考 Journal of Chromatography A, 2002, (950): 21-29; nature protocols, 2010, 5(6): 986-992)。
CK测定:
色谱柱: Zorbax extend -C18 4.6*50mm 1.8um;
进样量: 5ul;
流速: 0.2 ml/min;
流动相: A= 0.1%FA H2O B=0.1%FA MeOH, from 0-2 min B 30% >20 min 100% >22 min 100%, >25 min 30%, 在 35min结束;
检测波长: 210 , 254 , 280, 320 , 360 , 226nm;
质谱扫描范围: 50-400;
电喷雾离子源参数: Nebulizer pressure 40 psig, drying gas N2 350C 9L/min, ESI;
Vcap 3500V;
毛细管电压: fragmentor 160v, skimmer 65V, Oct RF Vpp750V;
扫描模式: with negative ms scan mode 2GHzExt Dyn(1700)。
图 6 显示, 相对于对照(接种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤菌 (S/«or/^ob/wm meliloti Rml021/pVeCtOr)的紫花苜蓿), 接种了苜蓿中华根瘤菌 LMG202 的紫花苜蓿叶片 中细胞分裂素的含量增加 18%。 实施例 7、 接种根瘤菌工程菌 LMG202的紫花苜蓿水份含量变化
如实施例 6的方法制备接种根瘤菌工程菌 LMG202的紫花苜蓿, 以接种携带 空载体苜蓿根瘤菌 (S/«or/^ob/wm meliloti Rml021/pvector)的紫花苜蓿为对照。
干旱处理过程为:将紫花苜蓿种子进行表面消毒以后,与生理盐水 (0.85%(w/V; 重悬的根瘤菌 LMG202 (含有 108个根瘤菌 /ml) 混合在一起浸泡 0.5小时,再播种。 以未接种根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿为对照。 在紫花苜蓿生长过程, 每周浇 Jenson营养液
2次, 每次 80ml。 从第 3周开始, 不再浇水或者营养液, 直至植物叶片出现萎蔫。
对没有进行干旱处理的接种植株以及干旱处理 5天的接种植物,先分别称量植 株鲜重, 然后将植株包裹在牛皮纸袋中 65 °C过夜烘干, 称量干重, 鲜重减去干重 即是植株的含水量。
接种工程苜蓿根瘤菌的紫花苜蓿的水分含量与接种携带空载体苜蓿根瘤菌的 植株的区别请见图 7。 干旱处理前没有明显差异; 干旱处理后, 接种工程菌的植 物,水分含量较对照植物高 40%;其中,地上部分的含水量差异很明显,达到 70% 以上, 地下部分仅相差 20%左右。 实施例 8、 /ΡΓ在根瘤菌中表达
获取自生状态下的根瘤菌 (接种根瘤菌 Sinorhizobium meliloti Rml021 ) 于液 体培养基中, 28 °C过夜培养, 离心后收集菌体;), 以及本发明的基因工程根瘤菌 LMG202。 通过提取总 RNA, 反转录成 cDNA, PCR检测导入的外源基因 IPT的 表达 (;采用的引物: IPT ·· TTCGGACGCCTTTCTCAC (SEQ ID NO: 1), GCCGCCCTGCATCAATAT (SEQ ID NO: 2); rpsF : CCTCGCTCGGCAGGACAT (SEQ ID NO: 3), GCCTTGCGGTTCTTCTTGAT (SEQ ID NO: 4))。
结果如图 8, 发现/ 基因在本发明的基因工程根瘤菌 LMG202中自生 (图 8Α) 还是共生 (图 8Β ) 状态下均表达, 而野生型根瘤菌中不论在自生 (图 8Α ) 还是共生 (图 8Β ) 状态下均无任何表达。 实施例 9、 紫花苜蓿叶片的过氧化物 DAB的变化
苜蓿种子用 25%次氯酸钠溶液表面消毒 10min, 浸种催芽后, 于根瘤菌菌液中 浸泡 lOmin, 播于无菌无氮的蛭石珍珠岩中, 置于人工气候室生长。
将经干旱处理的紫花苜蓿叶片的过氧化物 DAB染色, 具体为: 生长期每 5天 浇水一次, 待生长至 3周后停止浇水, 观察植株表型。
DAB染色用于检测内源活性氧 (¾02 ) 含量。 第 3周停止浇水 5天后, 出现 萎蔫现象时, 取植株上从上往下第 3-4片叶片, 于 0. 1%DAB溶液(pH 5.8, 现配) 中 22 °C孵育 12h, 然后将叶片转移至 95%乙醇中, 沸水浴 5min, 重复 3次至背景 干净, 镜检。
结果如图 9, 对照植株 (接种携带空载体的野生型苜蓿中华根瘤菌;)的植物叶片 中含有较多的过氧化物, 接种工程根瘤菌 LMG202的植物则明显较少。 实施例 10、 紫花苜蓿叶片的抗氧化酶的表达变化
如前述实施例 9方法培养紫花苜蓿, 接种根瘤菌, 以及干旱处理。
通过提取叶片总 RNA, 反转录成 cDNA, PCR检测导入的抗氧化酶类基因的 表达。
采用的 PCR引物:
SOD 超氧化物歧化酶: AATGTCACCGTCGGTGATGATG(SEQ ID NO: 5), GTTCATCCTTGCAAACCAATAATACC(SEQ ID NO: 6);
CAT 过氧化氢酶: CCTATTTGATGATGTGGGTGTCC(SEQ ID NO: 7), GTCTTGAGTAGCATGGCTGTGGT(SEQ ID NO: 8);
sAPX 叶绿体基质抗坏血酸过氧化物酶: ACCAACCTCGTTCAGTGTCCAT (SEQ ID NO: 9), AGAGCGCTGTCTGCGTTCTATT(SEQ ID NO: 10);
thylAPX类囊体膜抗坏血酸过氧化物酶: TCATCCTCTTTTGATTCGTTTGG (SEQ ID NO: 1 1), CTTTGATTGGCTGGAG AAGTTTC (SEQ ID NO: 12);
DEAR 脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶: GATTGGAGACTGCCCTTTTAGC(SEQ ID NO: 13), CTGTAGCCTTTTCAGGTGGTGT(SEQ ID NO: 14);
MDH R 单脱氢抗坏血酸还原酶: AGCGTTCGTTTACGTGATTCTTG(SEQ ID NO: 15), CATTTGGGAGTTAGCCTTTCCTC(SEQ ID NO: 16);
GR 谷胱甘肽还原酶: TTTGAACAAAGGTGCAGAAGAAGG(SEQ ID NO: 17), TGGGAACACAACCACGAATGAC(SEQ ID NO: 18);
GPX谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶: TGGACAGGAGCCAGGATCTAGT(SEQ ID NO: 19), ATTTTCAGAGGAGCGGTGGTAG(SEQ ID NO: 20);
actin2 肌动蛋白 (内参) : TGGCATCACTCAGTACCTTTCAAG(SEQ ID NO: 21), ACCCAAAGCATCAAATAATAAGTCAACC(SEQ ID NO: 22);
结果如图 10, 干旱处理前, 植物叶片中抗氧化酶类的表达量区别不明显; 干 旱处理后, 对照植株 (接种携带空载体的野生型苜蓿中华根瘤菌;)的植物叶片中多 数抗氧化酶基因的表达明显少于接种工程根瘤菌 LMG202的植物。 实施例 11、 工程根瘤菌对紫花苜蓿抗病性的影响
以 大 肠 杆 菌 E. coli 基 因 组 序 列 为 模 板 , 以 gctcatATGGACCAGAAGCTGTTAACGG(SEQ ID NO: 23) 和 gcatctagaTCAGGTGTGTTTAAAGCTGTTCTGC(SEQ ID NO: 24)为引物,获得大肠 杆菌 E. coli中的 γ-氨基丁酸合成酶基因 以 Nde I /Xba I酶切后插入到表达 载体 pSRK-Km 的相应位点中, 获得重组质粒。 将该重组质粒转化苜蓿中华根瘤 菌 Rml021, 获得工程根瘤菌 LMG206 , 如前述接种工程菌 LMG202相同的方法 将工程根瘤菌 LMG206接种紫花苜蓿。
试验的结果显示, 接种工程根瘤菌 LMG206能够增强苜蓿抗铃夜蛾的能力。 在本发明提及的所有文献都在本申请中引用作为参考, 就如同每一篇文献被 单独引用作为参考那样。 此外应理解, 在阅读了本发明的上述讲授内容之后, 本 领域技术人员可以对本发明作各种改动或修改, 这些等价形式同样落于本申请所 附权利要求书所限定的范围。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种改变植物性状的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括:
( 1) 提供一种重组根瘤菌, 所述的重组根瘤菌细胞中含有外源基因的表达盒; 所述的外源基因是改变植物性状相关基因, 或是被表达后能形成改变植物性状相 关成分的基因; 和
(2) 将重组根瘤菌与植物接触共生, 从而所述的外源基因被表达并被转运到植 物的细胞、 组织或器官内; 或者所述的外源基因被表达并形成改变植物性状相关 成分, 该成分被转运到植物的细胞、 组织或器官内。
2. 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的重组根瘤菌的出发菌株选 自: 苜猜中华根瘤菌 (S/«or w'zob/w melilotf)、 慢生型大豆根瘤菌 ( racfyr »'zob/w japonicum)、 费氏中华卞艮瘤菌 (Sinorhizobium fredii )、 碗豆卞艮瘤菌 {Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae) ^ ¾ ¾ ¾ (Bradyrhizobium sp. arachis)、 莲瘤固氮卞艮 瘤菌 (Azorhizobium caulinodans), 埃氏慢生根瘤菌 (慢生大豆根瘤菌 ) (Bradyrhizobium elkanif)、 辽宁卞曼生卞艮瘤菌 ( racfyr z/zobz'MW liaoningense) ^ 华突中 生卞艮瘤菌 (Mesorhizobium huakuii、 百脉卞艮中生卞艮瘤菌 (Me or w'zob/ww /ot/), 埃特 里卞艮瘤菌 {Rhizobium etli)、 豌显卞艮瘤菌 {Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar phaseolf)、 婉 艮瘤菌 {Rhizobium leguminosarum biovar trifolii)、 甘草卞艮瘤菌 .Mesorhizobium glycyrrhiza ) 或黄 卞艮瘤菌 .Mesorhizobium astragalus ) 。
3. 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的植物是能与根瘤菌共生的 植物。
4. 如权利要求 3所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的植物选自: 豆科植物。
5. 如权利要求 4 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的豆科植物选自: 苜蓿、 大 豆、 豌豆、 花生、 菜豆、 绿豆、 赤豆、 蚕豆、 豇豆、 紫云英、 甘草或黄芪。
6. 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的外源基因选自: 异戊烯基 转移酶基因、 Y -氨基丁酸合成酶基因、 赤霉素 3合成酶基因、 古巴焦磷酸合成酶 基因, 内根-贝壳杉烯合成酶基因, 内根-贝壳杉烯 19-氧化酶基因, 内根-贝壳杉 烯酸 7 β羟化酶基因, GA12-醛合成酶基因, GA-7-氧化酶基因, GA-13-羟化酶基 因, GA20-氧化酶基因, GA3 i 羟化酶基因, GA2-氧化酶基因或细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶基因。
7. 如权利要求 1 所述的方法, 其特征在于, 所述的外源基因选自: 异戊烯基 转移酶基因、 Y -氨基丁酸合成酶基因。
8. 一种重组根瘤菌, 其细胞中含有外源基因的表达盒; 所述的外源基因是改 变植物性状相关基因, 或是被表达后能形成改变植物性状相关成分的基因。
9. 如权利要求 8 所述的重组根瘤菌, 其特征在于, 所述的外源基因选自: 异 戊烯基转移酶基因、 γ氨基丁酸合成酶基因、 赤霉素 3合成酶基因、 古巴焦磷酸 合成酶基因, 内根-贝壳杉烯合成酶基因, 内根-贝壳杉烯 19-氧化酶基因, 内根- 贝壳杉烯酸 7 β羟化酶基因, GA12-醛合成酶基因, GA-7-氧化酶基因, GA-13-羟 化酶基因, GA20-氧化酶基因, GA3 i 羟化酶基因, GA2-氧化酶基因或细胞色素 P450单加氧酶基因。
10. 如权利要求 8所述的重组根瘤菌, 其特征在于, 所述的重组根瘤菌表达异 戊烯基转移酶, 所述的异戊烯基转移酶能合成植物细胞分裂素。
11. 如权利要求 8所述的重组根瘤菌, 其特征在于, 所述的重组根瘤菌表达 Y -氨基丁酸合成酶, 所述的 Y -氨基丁酸合成酶能合成 Y -氨基丁酸。
12. 权利要求 8所述的重组根瘤菌的制备方法, 所述方法包括: 将表达载体转 移入根瘤菌中; 其中, 所述的表达载体中含有外源基因的表达盒, 所述的外源基 因是改变植物性状相关基因或是被表达后能形成改变植物性状相关成分的基因。
13. 一种权利要求 8-11任一所述的重组根瘤菌的用途, 用于改变植物性状。
14. 如权利要求 13 所述的用途, 其特征在于, 所述的重组根瘤菌表达异戊烯 基转移酶或 Y -氨基丁酸合成酶, 该重组根瘤菌用于提高植物的抗旱能力, 提高植 物的固氮酶活力, 促进植物的生长, 提高植物的生物量, 提高植物组织中细胞分 裂素含量, 提高植物组织的水份含量, 降低植物组织中过氧化物的含量, 提高植 物组织中抗氧化酶类基因的表达或提高植物抗病虫害能力。
15. —种改变植物性状的组合物, 包括:
(1) 有效量的权利要求 8-11任一所述的重组根瘤菌; 和
(2) 农药学上可接受的载体。
16. 一种制备改变植物性状的组合物的方法, 其特征在于, 所述方法包括: 将 有效量的权利要求 8-11任一所述的重组根瘤菌与有效量的农药学上可接受的载体 混合。
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