WO2011113821A1 - Mecanisme de calage variable de pales pour systeme d'helices contrarotatives et systeme d'helices contrarotatives comportant au moins un tel mecanisme - Google Patents
Mecanisme de calage variable de pales pour systeme d'helices contrarotatives et systeme d'helices contrarotatives comportant au moins un tel mecanisme Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011113821A1 WO2011113821A1 PCT/EP2011/053866 EP2011053866W WO2011113821A1 WO 2011113821 A1 WO2011113821 A1 WO 2011113821A1 EP 2011053866 W EP2011053866 W EP 2011053866W WO 2011113821 A1 WO2011113821 A1 WO 2011113821A1
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- longitudinal axis
- radial
- blades
- ring
- arms
- Prior art date
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- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 79
- 230000033001 locomotion Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 210000003462 vein Anatomy 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001131 transforming effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009347 mechanical transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/30—Blade pitch-changing mechanisms
- B64C11/306—Blade pitch-changing mechanisms specially adapted for contrarotating propellers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/30—Blade pitch-changing mechanisms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64C—AEROPLANES; HELICOPTERS
- B64C11/00—Propellers, e.g. of ducted type; Features common to propellers and rotors for rotorcraft
- B64C11/46—Arrangements of, or constructional features peculiar to, multiple propellers
- B64C11/48—Units of two or more coaxial propellers
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D7/00—Rotors with blades adjustable in operation; Control thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B64—AIRCRAFT; AVIATION; COSMONAUTICS
- B64D—EQUIPMENT FOR FITTING IN OR TO AIRCRAFT; FLIGHT SUITS; PARACHUTES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF POWER PLANTS OR PROPULSION TRANSMISSIONS IN AIRCRAFT
- B64D27/00—Arrangement or mounting of power plants in aircraft; Aircraft characterised by the type or position of power plants
- B64D2027/005—Aircraft with an unducted turbofan comprising contra-rotating rotors, e.g. contra-rotating open rotors [CROR]
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/10—Two-dimensional
- F05D2250/12—Two-dimensional rectangular
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
- F05D2250/23—Three-dimensional prismatic
- F05D2250/232—Three-dimensional prismatic conical
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T50/00—Aeronautics or air transport
- Y02T50/60—Efficient propulsion technologies, e.g. for aircraft
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a variable pitch pitch setting mechanism for a counter-rotating propeller system, a counter-rotating propeller system comprising at least one such variable timing mechanism, and to a turbomachine comprising such a system.
- turbomachines with counter-rotating propeller system, whose propellers are driven by a mechanical transmission device, usually taking the form of a differential gear.
- Each of the first and second propellers comprises a hub centered on the longitudinal axis, an outer shell being disposed concentrically and participating in the radially outward delimitation of a main annular vein of the gas flow of the turbomachine, as well as arms fitting connecting the outer shell to the hub.
- the contra-rotating propeller system includes a variable pitch setting mechanism of each blade of both propellers to adapt the angular orientation of the blades to each flight condition and to generate a counter-thrust after landing in order to brake the landing. 'aircraft.
- a variable timing mechanism comprising a hydraulic cylinder located on the motor shaft, it sets in motion racks meshing radial shafts. The radial shafts pass through the vein of the hot flow and set in motion gears located outside the engine. The gears in turn are linked to the propeller blades' feet.
- This mechanism has a low rigidity, which affects the maintenance of the orientation of the blades at the desired angle.
- the gears are located outside the engine and are therefore exposed to ambient conditions without lubrication. The life of these is then directly impacted and maintenance costs are increased.
- Another mechanism was then proposed, the latter, in order to overcome the low rigidity of the mechanism described above, comprises a large number of gears and an epicyclic reduction gear in each blade pivot. The significant reduction between the drive motor and the blade provides improved accuracy and stiffness. On the other hand, the mechanism presents a significant complexity, a large mass and a high cost price.
- a blade setting mechanism of at least one propeller comprising a linear actuator, means for transforming the movement of the actuator into rotation of the blades, said means comprising a fitting provided with a plurality of arm, the fitting having a substantially frustoconical shape. Because of its conical shape, the fitting has a high rigidity ensuring then a precise adjustment of the angular position of the blades and its maintenance. Furthermore, the fitting has a very openwork structure that reduces the negative impact of its presence on the flow of hot gas.
- the arms of the fitting are housed in hollow connecting arms connecting an outer ring to the hub of the counter-rotating propeller system, the connecting arms forming a fairing for the arms of the fitting, which again has the effect of effect of reducing the negative impact of the presence of the fitting in the gas flow.
- the connecting arms are inclined which allows to bring the blades of the housing, and therefore to reduce the length of the propeller system in the axial direction. This results in a gain in terms of weight and bulk.
- the mechanism according to the present invention is both rigid enough to modify the pitch of the propellers with the desired precision, reliable, simple and sure, causing a reduced gas flow shutter.
- the main subject of the present invention is therefore a mechanism for setting the pitch of the blades of at least one helix of a contra-rotating propeller system for a turbomachine, each blade being mobile about a radial axis, said mechanism comprising a linear actuator.
- means for converting the displacement delivered by the linear actuator into rotation of each of said blades synchronously about their radial axis said means comprising a longitudinal axis fitting provided with a central ring, an outer ring and a plurality of radial arms rigidly connected to the central ring and to the outer ring, said central ring being intended to receive one actuation of the linear actuator, said central ring and said outer ring being arranged in two distinct planes , orthogonal to the longitudinal axis, such that said radial arms are inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis, the bracket having alo rs the shape of a truncated cone.
- the outer ring has a polygonal shape.
- the outer ring may be formed of a plurality of straight segments each extending between two radially outer ends of two consecutive radial arms.
- the means for transforming the displacement of the linear actuator into rotation of each of said blades comprise links articulated between the fitting and each blade, the articulation between the link and the blade being a pivot link axis parallel to the radial axis of rotation of said blade, separate from said radial axis.
- the mechanism according to the present invention comprises flyweights associated with each of the blades tending to bring the blades back to their "flag" position.
- the linear actuator is for example a hydraulic cylinder.
- the present invention also relates to a counter-rotating propeller system for an aircraft turbomachine, comprising:
- a power-free turbine a first propeller and a second counter-rotating propeller intended to be rotated about a longitudinal axis of the propeller system, said first propeller being situated in a given direction with respect to said second propeller, each of the first and second propellers comprising a hub centered on the longitudinal axis, an outer shell being arranged concentrically and participating in the radially outward delimitation of a main annular vein, and connecting arms connecting said outer ring hub audit,
- first mechanism for setting the pitch of the blades of the first turbine and a second mechanism for setting the pitch of the blades of the second turbine, least one of the first and second wedging mechanisms being a mechanism according to the present invention.
- the connecting arms are advantageously hollow and the radial arms are housed in the connecting arms.
- the fitting comprises as many radial arms as blades, each radial arm being received in a connecting arm.
- the connecting arms are advantageously contained in planes that do not contain the longitudinal axis so that the connecting arms are aligned with the flow of gas in the main flow channel, the wedging mechanism comprising guiding means the fitting so that it has a helical movement about the longitudinal axis.
- the wedging mechanism according to the invention comprises a synchronization ring connected to the inner ring of the fitting by a plurality of connecting rods and the guide means comprise a plurality of rectilinear grooves parallel to the longitudinal axis. for guiding the synchronization ring and a plurality of helical grooves for guiding the central ring.
- the connecting arms of the first helix and the connecting arms of the second helix extend radially in planes containing the longitudinal axis, in directions inclined with respect to the longitudinal axis.
- the rods are contained substantially in the plane of the connecting arms not containing the longitudinal axis, so to avoid that the radial arms work in flexion in the direction of their lower inertia.
- the first and second wedging mechanisms are according to the present invention, and comprise a common linear actuator formed by a double hydraulic cylinder.
- the axis of the linear actuator is preferably aligned with the longitudinal axis.
- the linear actuator rotates at the same speed as one of the propellers, the transmission of one linear actuation to the locking mechanism of the other propeller is then carried out by means of rolling bearings.
- the contra-rotating propeller system may comprise a sealed casing of annular shape, fixed along the longitudinal axis sealingly surrounding the central ring and the synchronization ring.
- the rectilinear and helical guide grooves of the wedging mechanism are advantageously formed in a bottom of said housing.
- the sealed housing may comprise tubes sealingly connecting the outer faces of the longitudinal walls of said housing, advantageously one end of the tubes being closer to the longitudinal axis than the other end. These tubes are used to return the oil.
- the present invention also relates to an aircraft turbomachine comprising a counter-rotating propeller system according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a turbomachine with contra-rotating propellers to which the present invention applies,
- FIG. 2A shows a partial longitudinal sectional view of the turbomachine of FIG. 1 at the level of the variable timing mechanism according to the present invention in two different setting positions
- FIG. 2B represents a partial perspective view of the contra-rotating propeller system according to the present invention
- FIG. 3 represents an isolated perspective view of the casing connected to the blades of the propeller of the mechanism of FIG. 2A,
- FIG. 4 is a representation of the assembly represented in FIG. 3 from which a casing supporting the propeller has been removed
- FIG. 5 represents a view of the assembly shown in FIG. 4 from a radially outer point, the ferrules and the connecting arms having been added,
- FIG. 6 represents an enlarged view of FIG. 5 showing an exemplary embodiment of means for transforming the translation movement of the fitting into a rotational movement of the blades;
- FIG. 7 represents a detail view of FIG. 2 at the radially end; inside the radial arms of the mechanism fitting according to the present invention in two wedging positions,
- FIG. 8 represents the two extreme positions of a radial arm of the fitting in a connection arm
- FIGS. 9A to 9D are schematic representations of different angular positions can be taken by a blade and those of its associated rod.
- FIG. 1 shows a turbomachine, of the "open rotor” type, equipped with a counter-rotating propeller system according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- the direction A corresponds to the longitudinal direction or axial direction, parallel to the longitudinal axis X of the turbomachine.
- the direction B corresponds, in turn, to the radial direction of the turbomachine.
- the arrow 4 schematizes the direction of advance of the aircraft under the action of the thrust of the turbomachine 1, this advancement direction being contrary to the main flow direction of the gas within the turbomachine.
- the terms "before” / "upstream”, “backward” / "downstream” used in the remainder of the description are to be considered with respect to said forward direction 4.
- the turbomachine has a longitudinal axis X.
- the turbomachine has an air inlet 6 continuing towards the rear by a nacelle 8, which generally comprises an outer skin 10 and an inner skin 12, both centered on the X axis and offset radially from each other.
- the inner skin 12 forms an outer radial casing for a gas generator, conventionally comprising, from front to rear, a low pressure compressor, a high pressure compressor, a combustion chamber, a high pressure turbine and a turbine intermediate pressure.
- the low pressure compressor and turbine are mechanically connected by a shaft, forming a low pressure pressure body, while the high pressure compressor and the turbine are mechanically connected by a shaft, forming a higher pressure body. Therefore, the gas generator preferably has a conventional double-body design.
- a counter-rotating propeller system 14 Downstream of the intermediate pressure turbine (not visible) is a counter-rotating propeller system 14.
- This system comprises a free power turbine (not visible), forming a low pressure turbine. It comprises a rotor constituting the inner part of the turbine, as well as a stator constituting the outer part of this turbine, which is fixedly connected to a fixed casing assembly of this propeller system, centered on the longitudinal axis X.
- This stator is in known manner intended to be integral with the other housings of the turbomachine.
- the propeller system is preferably designed so that the propellers are devoid of outer radial fairing surrounding them, as shown in Figure 1.
- the propeller system Downstream of the turbine, the propeller system, shown in section in Figure 2A, comprises a first propeller 16 or upstream propeller, carrying the blades 16a. Similarly, the system comprises a second propeller 18 or downstream propeller, carrying blades 18a. Thus, the propellers 16, 18 are offset from one another in the direction 4.
- the two propellers 16, 18 are intended to rotate in opposite directions about the axis X on which they are centered, the rotations being effected relative to the stator remaining stationary.
- the first propeller 16 comprises a hub 20 centered on the axis of the turbine and a radially outer shell 22, concentric with the hub 20 and radially outwardly delimiting a main annular vein 24.
- the main vein 24 is also bounded radially inwards by an intermediate shell 25.
- the first propeller 16 also comprises a plurality of connecting arms 26 angularly distributed regularly around the hub 20.
- the connecting arms 26 substantially form a star. The arrangement of the connecting arms 26 is visible in FIG. 2B.
- the connecting arms 26 are hollow.
- the connecting arms 26 are not perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X but are inclined relative to the axis upstream.
- a counter-rotating propeller system comprising connecting arms perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
- Each blade 16a is mounted articulated around a Y axis radial direction. Each blade has a separate axis of rotation, however for the sake of simplicity we will designate these axes by the "radial axis Y".
- Each blade 16a comprises a foot 16b pivotally received in a retention ring 28 located radially outside the radially outer shell 22, the retention ring is visible on the outside. FIG. 2A and omitted from FIG. 3.
- the foot 16b of the blade 16a is located vertically above a radially outer end 26a of the connecting arm 26.
- the retention ring is intended to to withstand the centrifugal force exerted by the blades 16a.
- a rolling bearing 29 is provided in the retention ring 28 to ensure the rotational guidance of the blade root 16b.
- the second propeller 18 comprises a hub 30 centered on the X axis of the engine and a radially outer shell 32, concentric with the hub 30 and defining radially outwardly the main annular vein 24.
- the second propeller 18 also comprises a plurality of arms of connection 36 angularly distributed regularly around the hub 30.
- the connecting arms 36 are also inclined relative to the longitudinal axis X, downstream.
- a counter-rotating propeller system comprising connecting arms 36 perpendicular to the longitudinal axis X does not depart from the scope of the present invention.
- Each blade 18a is mounted articulated about an axis extending radially.
- Each blade 18a comprises a foot 18b pivotally received in a retaining ring 40 located radially outside the radially outer shell 32.
- the foot 18b of the blade 18a is in line with a radially outer end 36a of the connecting arm 36.
- a rolling bearing 39 is provided in the retaining ring 40 to ensure the rotational guidance of the blade root 18b.
- the arrangement of the connecting arms 36 are visible in FIG. 2B.
- the contra-rotating propeller system 14 also comprises a first variable pitching mechanism 42 for setting the pitch of the blades 16a of the first propeller 16 and a second variable pitching mechanism 44 for setting the pitch of the blades 18a of the second helix 18.
- a counter-rotating propeller system comprising a mechanism according to the invention and another mechanism, for example known from the state of the art, is not outside the scope of the present invention.
- the first locking mechanism 42 comprises a linear actuator 46, a fitting 48 connecting the actuator and the foot 16b of one or more blades 16a.
- the linear actuator 46 is formed by a hydraulic cylinder located on the longitudinal axis X.
- the fitting 48 comprises a central ring 50, an outer ring 52 concentric with the central ring 50, and radial arms 54 extending between the central ring 50 and the outer ring 52.
- the radial arms 54 are rigidly fixed on the central ring 50 and on the outer ring 52 by their radially inner ends 54a and radially outer 54b respectively for example by welding or bolting, which facilitates assembly and disassembly operations.
- the central ring 50 is disposed between the hub 20 and the intermediate shell 25, the outer ring is located outside the radially outer shell 22, and the radial arms 54 extend inside the connecting arms. hollow 26.
- the radially outer end 54b of each radial arm 54 opening out of the connecting arm 26 away from the longitudinal axis X, and the radially inner end 54b of each radial arm 54 opening from the connecting arm 26 towards the longitudinal axis X.
- the radial arms 54 of the fitting pass through the gas stream, the connecting arms forming fairings. The impact on the flow of the presence of the radial arms 54 in the vein 24 is then reduced.
- the central ring 50, the radial arms 54 and the outer ring 52 are arranged so as to form a rigid truncated cone structure, this shape provides increased rigidity to the fitting 48.
- the connector arms 24 being inclined upstream and forming themselves a frustoconical shape, the conicity of the fitting 48 and that of the structure formed by the radial arms 54 have the same orientation.
- the outer ring 52 is composed of straight segments 52a extending between two radially outer ends 54b of radial arms 54. This polygonal shape makes it possible to further increase the rigidity of the fitting 48.
- the straight segments 52a of the outer ring 52 are integrally formed, for example by folding a strip of metal or metal alloy.
- the radially outer ends 54b of the radial arms 54 comprise a notch receiving the radially inner face of a coupling portion 52b between two straight segments 52a, as can be seen in FIG.
- the fitting 48 comprises as many radial arms 54 as blades and connecting arms 26.
- each radial arm 54 of the fitting 48 is intended to move in rotation of a blade 16a.
- Each blade has the same rigidity in torsion, thus obtaining a good synchronization between the movements of all the blades.
- the cavities 26a of hollow connecting arms 26 have a section of substantially elliptical shape.
- the biggest The size of the section of each cavity is chosen so that the displacement of the radial arms 54 allows the pitch angle of the blades 16a to vary by about 120 °.
- the 42 also comprises means 56 for converting the translation movement of the fitting 48 into rotational movement of the blades 16a about their radial axis Y.
- An example of such conversion means 56 is visible in FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the means 56 comprise a connecting rod 58 connected by a first longitudinal end 58.1 to the end of a radial arm 54 by means of a ball joint 60 and by a second longitudinal end 58.2 to the foot 16b of a blade 16a by a pivot connection 62 of Y axis' substantially parallel to the axis of rotation Y of the blade 16a and distinct therefrom.
- a finger 64 fixed under the foot 16b is received in a bore of the rod 58 and forms the axis of the pivot.
- the finger 64 is eccentric with respect to the Y axis.
- any other means of converting the translation movement into rotational movement may be suitable.
- it may be a groove formed in the outer ring and in which the finger 64 would be received.
- the mechanism for setting the pitch or adjusting the angle of orientation of the blades plays a critical role in the regulation of the rotational speed of the propellers. Therefore, precautions are taken to avoid an over-speed condition of the propellers in case of failure of one of the components of the pitch change mechanism. Centrifugal effort and the distribution of the mass of the blade leads to a pair which tends to orient the blade perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis X designated by a "fine pitch" by the skilled person. In this case, the propeller is self-driven by the speed of the aircraft which could lead to a condition of overspeed of rotation.
- each blade 16a is advantageously provided with a counterweight 66 as can be seen in FIGS. 3 and 5, which generates a torque which opposes the inertial torque of the blade 16a and which tends to bring the blade back 16a towards the position "flag" that is to say parallel to the longitudinal axis X, and in which it participates in the slowing of the propeller.
- the weight 66 has substantially the shape of a part delimited between two concentric arc portions.
- the weight 66 is fixed to the foot 16b of the blade 16a radially outside thereof relative to the axis Y by means of a radial arm 68 with respect to the axis Y.
- the blade or blades concerned 16a are naturally “flagged", which puts the propeller 16 in a good condition to stop the engine safely. Any other system that generates a torque to bring the blades back to the "flag" position is also applicable.
- the counter-rotating propeller system comprises fitting 26 oriented so that they are aligned with the flow that results from the rotation of the propeller 16 and the flow that leaves the motor axially.
- This inclination reduces the drag induced by their presence in the gas stream.
- the axis XI on which is aligned the direction of greater length of the section of each connecting arm 26 is not parallel to the axis of the motor, but is inclined with respect to it as one can see it in Figure 8.
- the locking mechanism 42 then comprises, for this advantageous example, guide means 70, shown in FIG. 7, allowing the radial arms 54 of the fitting to follow this inclination of the connecting arms 26.
- the guiding means are particularly visible in the enlarged view shown in FIG. 7.
- the fitting 48 ensuring the pitch pitch of the blades, is then not only displaced in translation, but is also simultaneously rotated, thus having a helical motion around the longitudinal axis X.
- the guiding means 70 comprise a synchronization ring 72 and rods 74 hinged on the one hand on the synchronization ring 72 and on the other hand on the central ring 50
- the guiding means 70 comprise at least one rectilinear groove 76 parallel to the axis X and at least one helical groove 78.
- the grooves 76, 78 are for example made, particularly advantageously, in the bottom of a sealed housing 80 which we will describe in detail in the following description.
- the pitch of the helical groove is such that it corresponds to the inclination of the axis XI of the section of the connecting arm with respect to the longitudinal axis X.
- the guiding means 70 comprise a plurality of rectilinear grooves 76 and intermeshed helical grooves 78, angularly distributed homogeneously in the bottom of the housing 80 around the longitudinal axis X.
- the plurality of grooves 76, 78 ensures uniform guidance of the retention ring and the central ring 50 about the longitudinal axis X.
- the synchronizing ring 72 is directly attached to the end of a plurality of translationally mobile return rods 82, themselves set in motion by the linear actuator 46.
- the synchronization ring 72 is guided in translation by the rectilinear groove 76, for this it slides in the rectilinear groove 76.
- the central ring 50 is moved by the synchronization ring via the rods 74 and slides in the helical grooves 78, the fitting therefore has a helical movement about the X axis, and the radial arms 54 which can then follow the inclination of the hollow connection arms 24.
- FIG. 8 shows the inclination of a connecting arm with respect to the axis of the motor X and the extreme positions taken by a radial arm 54. It can be seen that the radial arm 54 follows the inclination of the arm fitting.
- the angle ⁇ between the axis X and the axis XI along the greatest length of the section of a connecting arm is of the order of 8 °.
- a sealed housing 80 shown in Figure 7, around the radially inner ends of the radial arms 54 so as to prevent oil leakage at the connecting arms.
- this housing 80 has an annular shape and extends axially so as to confine the radially inner ends 54a of all the radial arms 54 and the central ring 50 over their entire stroke.
- the return rods 82 pass through a longitudinal wall of the housing 80 in a sealed manner, for example by the presence of O-rings.
- the housing 80 advantageously makes it possible not to resort to dynamic seals which should be located around the radial arms, and whose effectiveness over time may decrease. Thanks to the housing 80, the seal is made statically, only the relatively simple dynamic sealing of the return rods 82 is to be ensured.
- the housing 80 is traversed axially by tubes 83 sealingly connecting the two outer faces of the two longitudinal walls 80a, 80b of the housing, allowing the return of the oil which has been centrifuged on the outer wall of the enclosure without the latter penetrating inside the housing.
- the enclosure is formed by the volume delimited by the double wall shown in Figure 2A.
- the longitudinal tubes 83 are preferably inclined, their downstream end being closer to the X axis than their upstream end.
- each mechanism 42, 44 is of similar structures according to the present invention. Therefore, each mechanism 42, 44 includes a linear actuator.
- a single actuator 46 is used for the two mechanisms 42, 44 formed by a double cylinder with an X axis.
- the control cylinder 46 is advantageously located on the longitudinal axis X, which makes it possible to have all the high-pressure rotating joints on a small diameter, the sealing is then easier to achieve, the risks of leakage in the joints are reduced and the life of the joints increased.
- each locking mechanism 42, 44 rotates at the same speed as its propeller 16, 18.
- the double cylinder 46 rotates at the speed of the second propeller 18.
- the double cylinder comprises a first cylinder rod 84 for actuating the first locking mechanism 42 of the first propeller 16 and a second cylinder rod 86 concentric with the first cylinder rod 84, to actuate the second locking mechanism 44 of the second propeller 18.
- the actuation of the second mechanism 44 is obtained by an almost direct connection between the second cylinder rod 86 and the return rod connected to the synchronization ring of the second piston.
- second locking mechanism only a return arm 90 is used to connect the second cylinder rod 86 to the rod connected to the synchronization ring.
- first locking mechanism 42 it does not turn in the same direction as the second rod 86.
- bearings bearing 92 to transmit the translation of the first rod 86 of the rotating mark of the double cylinder 46 and the second propeller 18 to that of the first propeller 16.
- the rolling bearings 92 are immobilized in rotation in the double cylinder reference, for example by splines 94.
- FIGS. 9A to 9D various positions taken by a blade 16a and the positions taken by the associated rod can be seen.
- FIG. 9A the blade 16a is in the "flag” position.
- FIG. 9B the blade 16a is in an "idle” position.
- the axis of the rod 58 is in the take-off position of the aircraft substantially parallel to the axis Xldu profile of the rotor arm, as can be seen in FIG. 9C, which makes it possible to avoid radial arms 54 to work in flexion in the direction of their lower inertia during takeoffs during which the efforts are maximum.
- the blade 16a is in the "reverse" position after landing to generate a counter-thrust in order to brake the aircraft.
- the hydraulic cylinder When a change in the angular orientation of the blades 16a of the first propeller 16 is desired, the hydraulic cylinder is actuated, the actuation of the cylinder 46 causes the displacement in translation of the first cylinder rod 84; its direction of movement and the amplitude of displacement depend on the direction of rotation of the desired blades and the desired rotation angle.
- the cylinder rod 84 causes the translation of the rods 82 in translation through the rolling bearings 92.
- the sliding of the rods 82 causes the displacement of the synchronizing ring 72 which slides also axially, guided by the grooves rectilinear 76, as shown in Figure 7.
- the central ring 50 Via the rods 74, the central ring 50 is also moved along the X axis and around the X axis because of its guidance by the helical grooves 78. The central ring 50 then has a helical movement, and the radial arms 54 and the outer ring 52 which forms the fitting 48. The translational movement of the radial arms 54 causes, via the rods 58, the rotation of the legs 16b of the blades 16a of the propeller 16 about their axis Y .
- All the blades 16a of the propeller 16 pivot simultaneously and in the same direction so that at the end of the adjustment the blades 16a have the same angular orientation with respect to the axis X.
- the flyweights 66 (visible in FIGS. 3 and 5) automatically cause the "flag" position to be set concerned.
- the jack 46 simultaneously causes the blades 18a of the second helix 18 to wedge according to a similar procedure.
- the orientation of the blades of the first helix is different from that of the second helix, which makes it possible, for example, to accelerate or decelerate one helix relative to the other and thus to regulate the rotational speed ratio.
- the connecting arms are advantageously inclined relative to the longitudinal axis X in the upstream direction for those extending radially between the hub 22 and the radially outer shell of the first propeller 16 and towards the downstream for those extending radially between the hub 32 and the radially outer shell 34 of the second propeller 18.
- the angle between the arms and the longitudinal axis may be between 20 ° and 50 °, but any other orientation may be considered, the inclinations chosen for the connecting arms depending on desired spacing between the blades 16a, 18a in the longitudinal direction, in particular to meet the acoustic constraints.
- the mechanism according to the present invention the number of parts is reduced compared to the mechanisms of the prior art, improving the reliability of the mechanism and reducing the manufacturing cost of the mechanism.
- the increased rigidity of the fitting improves the accuracy with which the pitch angle of the propeller blade can be adjusted.
- the fittings are heavily perforated to pass the flow of gas inside the engine and thus cause little closure of this flow.
- the wedging mechanism according to the invention a homogeneous setting of all the blades is obtained due to the use of parts of revolution to synchronize the rods.
- the invention is applicable to all turbomachines, in particular those called “open rotor". In the latter case, the invention applies that the propeller system is disposed upstream or downstream of the gas generator. In each of these two cases, within the propeller system, it may be envisaged to place the power turbine upstream or downstream of the counter-rotating propellers.
- the fitting is for example made of titanium.
- the radial arms of the setting mechanisms are not arranged in the connecting arms but outside them.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US13/635,048 US9227723B2 (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2011-03-15 | Mechanism for variable adjustment of blades for a system of contra-rotating propellers, and a system of contra-rotating propellers comprising at least one such mechanism |
GB1216378.8A GB2490852B (en) | 2010-03-15 | 2011-03-15 | Mechanism for variable adjustment of blades for a system of contrarotating propellers and system of contrarotating fans comprising at least one such mechanism |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR1051829 | 2010-03-15 | ||
FR1051829A FR2957329B1 (fr) | 2010-03-15 | 2010-03-15 | Mecanisme de calage variable de pales pour systeme d'helices contrarotatives et systeme d'helices contrarotatives comportant au moins un tel mecanisme |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011113821A1 true WO2011113821A1 (fr) | 2011-09-22 |
Family
ID=43034619
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2011/053866 WO2011113821A1 (fr) | 2010-03-15 | 2011-03-15 | Mecanisme de calage variable de pales pour systeme d'helices contrarotatives et systeme d'helices contrarotatives comportant au moins un tel mecanisme |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9227723B2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2957329B1 (fr) |
GB (1) | GB2490852B (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2011113821A1 (fr) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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CN105377695A (zh) * | 2013-06-17 | 2016-03-02 | 斯内克马公司 | 球冠形状的空气螺旋桨叶片枢轴 |
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KR100962774B1 (ko) * | 2009-11-09 | 2010-06-10 | 강현문 | 풍력발전장치 |
FR2979162B1 (fr) * | 2011-08-17 | 2018-04-27 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Procede de determination des performances d'au moins une helice d'une turbomachine |
FR2996589A1 (fr) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-11 | Snecma | Pivot de pied de pale comportant des moyens de refroidissement |
US9765624B2 (en) | 2012-10-10 | 2017-09-19 | Snecma | Propeller comprising a counterweight system provided with an air discharge channel |
FR2996587A1 (fr) * | 2012-10-10 | 2014-04-11 | Snecma | Helice comportant un systeme de contrepoids pourvu d'un canal d'ecoulement d'air |
FR3001264B1 (fr) * | 2013-01-18 | 2017-03-17 | Snecma | Systeme pour changer le pas des pales d'une helice. |
FR3001498B1 (fr) | 2013-01-30 | 2015-02-27 | Snecma | Partie fixe de recepteur de turbomachine comprenant un ensemble de maintien en position de servitudes a l'interieur d'un arbre creux fixe |
FR3001656B1 (fr) | 2013-02-04 | 2015-06-26 | Safran | Procede de fabrication ameliore d'un arbre de transmission, de preference pour systeme de boite d'accessoires de turbomachine d'aeronef |
FR3002781B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-01 | 2017-06-23 | Snecma | Aubage a calage variable |
FR3005685B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-06-05 | Snecma | Pivot de pale d'helice |
FR3005684B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-06-05 | Snecma | Pivot de pale d'helice |
FR3005686B1 (fr) * | 2013-05-17 | 2015-05-22 | Snecma | Pivot pour pale d'helice de soufflante non carenee |
FR3008676B1 (fr) * | 2013-07-19 | 2018-04-20 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Pivot de pale d'helice aerienne |
FR3015570B1 (fr) * | 2013-12-19 | 2016-02-05 | Snecma | Moyens de support radiaux comprenant un dispositif de decouplage axial entre un carter interne et un carter externe d'helice pour turbomachine a ensemble d'helices contrarotatives non carenees |
GB201408103D0 (en) | 2014-05-08 | 2014-06-25 | Rolls Royce Plc | A system |
FR3034465B1 (fr) | 2015-04-03 | 2017-05-05 | Snecma | Turbomoteur comportant deux flux de ventilation distincts |
FR3036093B1 (fr) | 2015-05-12 | 2017-06-02 | Snecma | Dispositif a bras de levier pour la commande de l'orientation des pales de soufflante d'une turbomachine a soufflante non carenee |
FR3046404B1 (fr) * | 2016-01-05 | 2018-02-09 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Dispositif de commande de l'orientation des pales de soufflante d'un turbopropulseur |
FR3055354B1 (fr) * | 2016-08-26 | 2019-08-23 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Turbomachine comprenant des moyens d'etancheite et procede de montage de la turbomachine correspondant |
FR3055350B1 (fr) * | 2016-08-26 | 2020-06-05 | Safran Aircraft Engines | Roue de turbomachine |
EP3366584B1 (fr) * | 2017-02-27 | 2019-04-17 | AIRBUS HELICOPTERS DEUTSCHLAND GmbH | Dispositif de commande de pas pour un fenestron d'un giravion |
US10550338B2 (en) * | 2017-09-20 | 2020-02-04 | Uop Llc | Process for recovering hydrocracked effluent |
CN109533316B (zh) * | 2018-11-15 | 2020-08-14 | 中国直升机设计研究所 | 一种可差动变距桨叶及直升机旋翼系统 |
US11834965B2 (en) | 2020-08-25 | 2023-12-05 | General Electric Company | Blade dovetail and retention apparatus |
CN112646942A (zh) * | 2020-12-22 | 2021-04-13 | 广西钢铁集团有限公司 | 一种高炉trt启机并网过程的控制装置 |
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US3869221A (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1975-03-04 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Rotor wheel fan blade adjusting apparatus for turbojet engines and the like |
US4657484A (en) * | 1984-09-04 | 1987-04-14 | General Electric Company | Blade pitch varying means |
US4842484A (en) * | 1983-08-29 | 1989-06-27 | General Electric Company | Blade gearing and pitch changing mechanisms for coaxial counterrotating propellers |
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FR2946010B1 (fr) * | 2009-05-29 | 2011-06-24 | Snecma | Dispositif a verin fixe pour la commande des pales de soufflante d'un turbopropulseur |
-
2010
- 2010-03-15 FR FR1051829A patent/FR2957329B1/fr active Active
-
2011
- 2011-03-15 GB GB1216378.8A patent/GB2490852B/en active Active
- 2011-03-15 WO PCT/EP2011/053866 patent/WO2011113821A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2011-03-15 US US13/635,048 patent/US9227723B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (3)
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---|---|---|---|---|
US3869221A (en) * | 1973-02-16 | 1975-03-04 | Mtu Muenchen Gmbh | Rotor wheel fan blade adjusting apparatus for turbojet engines and the like |
US4842484A (en) * | 1983-08-29 | 1989-06-27 | General Electric Company | Blade gearing and pitch changing mechanisms for coaxial counterrotating propellers |
US4657484A (en) * | 1984-09-04 | 1987-04-14 | General Electric Company | Blade pitch varying means |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN105377695A (zh) * | 2013-06-17 | 2016-03-02 | 斯内克马公司 | 球冠形状的空气螺旋桨叶片枢轴 |
CN105377695B (zh) * | 2013-06-17 | 2018-01-23 | 斯内克马公司 | 球冠形状的空气螺旋桨叶片枢轴 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20130011259A1 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
GB2490852A (en) | 2012-11-14 |
GB201216378D0 (en) | 2012-10-31 |
FR2957329B1 (fr) | 2012-08-03 |
FR2957329A1 (fr) | 2011-09-16 |
US9227723B2 (en) | 2016-01-05 |
GB2490852B (en) | 2016-06-15 |
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