WO2011107634A1 - Générateur d'éolienne à entraînement direct - Google Patents

Générateur d'éolienne à entraînement direct Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011107634A1
WO2011107634A1 PCT/ES2011/000055 ES2011000055W WO2011107634A1 WO 2011107634 A1 WO2011107634 A1 WO 2011107634A1 ES 2011000055 W ES2011000055 W ES 2011000055W WO 2011107634 A1 WO2011107634 A1 WO 2011107634A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
generator
rotor
wind turbine
air gap
stator
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/ES2011/000055
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Torben M. Hansen
Original Assignee
Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L.
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L. filed Critical Gamesa Innovation & Technology, S.L.
Publication of WO2011107634A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011107634A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
    • F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
    • F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D1/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D1/06—Rotors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F01D11/02—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages by non-contact sealings, e.g. of labyrinth type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05D2220/76—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05D2220/766—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a directly driven wind turbine and, in particular, to the generator of a directly powered wind turbine.
  • a typical wind turbine includes a gondola mounted on a tower that houses a power train to transmit the rotation of a rotor to an electric generator and other components such as the orientation motors through which the gondola is rotated, several controllers and a brake.
  • the rotor supports several blades that extend radially to capture the kinetic energy of the wind and cause a rotational movement of the power train.
  • the rotor blades have an aerodynamic shape so that when the wind passes through the surface of the blade an ascending force is created that causes the rotation of an axis to which it is connected - directly or through a multiplication device - a Electric generator.
  • the amount of energy produced by the wind turbines depends on the scanning surface of the blade rotor that receives the wind energy and, consequently, the increase in the length of the blades normally implies an increase in the wind turbine's energy production.
  • the generator is positioned between the rotor and the support structure.
  • US 7,084,522 (see Fig. 1) describes an example.
  • One of its problems is that the air gap between the generator rotor and the generator stator is influenced by the rotor loads. Rotation and overturning moments of the rotor cause deflections in the main shaft which causes the generator rotor to approach the generator stator.
  • the generator is positioned in front of the rotor.
  • DE 102004020929 (see Fig. 2) describes an example.
  • the air gap between the generator rotor and the generator stator is less influenced by the rotor loads since both the generator stator and the generator rotor move together with the deflections of the main shaft. But the internal clearance in the main bearings causes variations of the air gap due to rotor loads.
  • the generator is positioned behind the tower and connected to the rotor by a main shaft.
  • WO 01/94779 (see Fig. 3) describes an example.
  • a problem with this concept is that the main shaft can be flected to large rotor loads causing variations in the air gap between the generator rotor and the generator stator.
  • the present invention is aimed at eliminating the risk of a collapse of the air gap, maintaining the efficiency or minimizing the losses of a directly operated wind turbine without the need of any specific means to avoid variations of the generator air gap.
  • a wind turbine comprising a tower, a support structure mounted on the tower, a power train including a generator that is directly driven by a wind rotor, comprising a rotor bushing and at least one blade, supported by a rotating or non-rotating main shaft connected to the support structure by at least one bearing, the generator rotor being rigidly attached to the rotor bushing and the generator stator rigidly attached to the main shaft, in which the generator rotor and The generator stator is configured with a predetermined variable distance of the air gap between them, along at least part of its length, appropriate to compensate for modifications of the air gap distance due to internal and external forces acting on the generator and the bushing of the rotor, so that an acceptable distribution can be maintained for generator operation in which Any operational situation.
  • the generator is positioned upstream of the rotor hub. This results in a highly efficient generator for a configuration of a directly driven wind turbine that is subject to significant deflections of the rotor hub.
  • the generator is positioned downstream of the rotor hub. This results in a highly efficient generator for a configuration of a directly driven wind turbine that is subject to significant deflections of the rotor hub / main shaft.
  • the generator is a permanent magnet generator. This results in an optimized configuration of a permanent magnet generator for a directly driven wind turbine.
  • the generator is an induction generator. This achieves an optimized configuration of an induction generator for a directly driven wind turbine.
  • the configuration of the outer / inner rotor of the generator and / or the inner / outer stator of the generator includes a non-cylindrical section along at least a part of the length of the generator for create a variable distance of the air gap with a corresponding cylindrical or non-cylindrical section, oriented in the opposite direction, of the generator stator and / or the generator rotor, said sections being defined taking into account the expected deflections of the rotor hub / main shaft with forms such as a linear form, a form following a progressive curve, a form of linear steps, a form of steps following a progressive curve or a combination of a form of linear steps and a form of steps following a progressive curve
  • FIGS 1, 2, 3 taken, respectively, of US 7,084,522, DE 102004020929 and WO 01/94779 illustrate the three known basic concepts of wind turbines without a multiplier.
  • Figure 4a is a schematic side view of a wind turbine known in the art directly driven with the generator located upstream of the rotor and Figure 4b is a schematic view illustrating a situation of air gap collapse caused by a rotor deflection.
  • Figure 5a is a schematic side view of a directly driven wind turbine according to the present invention with the generator located upstream of the rotor and Figure 5b is a schematic view illustrating a situation of extreme rotor deflection.
  • Figure 6a is a schematic side view of a directly driven wind turbine according to the present invention with the generator located downstream of the rotor and Figure 6b is a schematic view illustrating a situation of extreme rotor deflection.
  • This invention relates to a power train driven directly from a wind turbine with the generator located upstream or downstream of the rotor hub.
  • a wind turbine can be seen with the generator located in front (upstream) of the rotor hub, comprising a tower 11 supporting means located inside a gondola (not shown) to convert the rotational energy of the wind rotor 15 into energy electric by means of the generator 41.
  • the wind rotor 15 comprises a rotor bushing 17 and, typically, three blades 19.
  • the rotor bushing 17 is disposed on two main bearings 21, 23, the first bearing 21 being located near the part front of the rotor bushing and the second bearing 23 near the rear of the rotor bushing. Both bearings 21, 23 are positioned on a non-rotary main shaft 29 connected to the support structure 13 of the wind turbine.
  • the wind turbine generator 41 is located in front of the rotor hub 17.
  • the generator stator 43 is connected to the non-rotary main shaft 29 and the generator rotor 45 is connected to the rotor hub 17.
  • the efficiency of the generator is influenced by, among other parameters, the distance of the air gap 44 (the distance between the stator of the generator 43 and the rotor of the generator 45) and by the necessary margin to avoid a collision between rotor and stator .
  • the distance of the air gap 44 must be kept small to ensure the efficiency of the generator. If the gap of the air gap 44 is increased, the magnetic field weakens and a hypothetical compensation adding magnetic material would increase the generator costs.
  • the distance of the air gap 44 may disappear at its furthest end as a result of a deflection of the rotor bushing 17 as can be seen in Figure 4b.
  • the prior art shows generator configurations with a uniform air gap distance 44 along the entire length of the generator and incorporates specific means to avoid or at least limit variations of the air gap 44.
  • the generator 41 is configured with a non-uniform distribution of the distance of the air gap 44 that is prepared to face the deflections of the rotor bushing 17 as shown in the Figure 5b
  • This uneven distribution of the distance of the air gap 44 depends on the expected deflection of the rotor bushing 17 which is due to deformations of the bearings 21, 23 and which typically results in a smaller deformation of the distance of the air gap 44 at its end near the bearing 21 and at a greater deformation of the distance of the air gap 44 at its far end.
  • the efficiency of the generator increases in the area with a small distance of the air gap and decreases in the area with a large distance of the air gap and together the efficiency of the generator can be similar to that of a generator configuration with a uniform distribution of the distance of the air gap.
  • the uneven distribution of the distance of the air gap 44 along the length of the generator is implemented in this embodiment by combining a cylindrical shape of the generator rotor 45 with a conical shape into the stator of the generator 43 so that the distance of the air gap increases linearly from a minimum value at the end of the generator near bearing 21 to a maximum value at the end furthest from the generator.
  • This non-uniform distribution is determined taking into account the expected deflections of the rotor hub 17 in all wind turbine operational situations to optimize the overall efficiency of the generator.
  • Figures 6a and 6b illustrate another preferred embodiment of the present invention for a wind turbine with the generator located downstream of the rotor bushing 17.
  • the rotor bushing 17 is disposed on two main bearings 21, 23, the first bearing 21 being located near from the rear of the rotor bushing and the second bearing 23 near the front of the rotor bushing. Both bearings 21, 23 are positioned on a non-rotary main shaft 29 connected to the support structure 13 of the wind turbine.
  • the generator 41 of the wind turbine is located behind the rotor bushing 17.
  • the stator 43 of the generator is connected to the non-rotary main shaft 29 and the generator rotor 45 is connected to the rotor bushing 17.
  • the generator 41 is configured with a non-uniform distribution of the distance of the air gap 44 which is prepared to face the deflections of the rotor bushing 17 as shown in Figure 6b.
  • This non-uniform distribution of the distance of the air gap 44 depends on the expected deflection of the rotor hub 17 and typically results in a smaller deformation of the distance of the air gap 44 at its end close to the bearing 21 and in a greater deformation of the distance of the air gap 44 at its far end.
  • the uneven distribution of the distance of the air gap 44 along the length of the generator is implemented in this embodiment by combining a cylindrical shape of the generator rotor 45 with a conical shape into the stator of the generator 43 of so that the distance of the air gap 44 increases linearly from a minimum value at the end of the generator near bearing 21 to a maximum value at the end furthest from the generator.
  • This non-uniform distribution is determined taking into account the expected deflections of the rotor hub 17 in all wind turbine operational situations to optimize the overall efficiency of the generator.
  • variable distance of the air gap 44 is implemented by means of a generator rotor 45 so cylindrical and a conical generator stator 43.
  • variable distance of the air gap 44 is implemented by means of a conical shaped generator rotor 45 and a cylindrical shaped generator stator 43.
  • variable distance of the air gap 44 is implements by means of a conical shaped generator rotor 45 and a conical shaped generator stator 43.
  • the invention is also applicable to a generator configured with an internal generator rotor and an external generator stator in similar embodiments to implement a variable distance from the air gap:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un générateur (41) d'une éolienne à entraînement direct qui comprend une tour (11), une structure de support (13) montée sur la tour (11), un train de puissance entraîné directement par un rotor éolien (15), porté par un arbre principal (29) uni à la structure de support (13) par au moins un palier, le rotor du générateur (45) étant uni rigidement au moyeu du rotor (17) et le stator du générateur (43) étant uni rigidement à l'arbre principal (29). Le rotor du générateur (45) et le stator du générateur (43) sont conçus de façon à être séparés par un entrefer (44) de distance variable prédéterminée, la distance étant appropriée pour compenser des modifications dues à des forces internes et externes agissant sur le générateur (41) et le moyeu du rotor (17), afin de pouvoir maintenir une distribution acceptable de la distance de l'entrefer (44) pour le fonctionnement du générateur (41) dans n'importe quelle situation de fonctionnement.
PCT/ES2011/000055 2010-03-04 2011-03-02 Générateur d'éolienne à entraînement direct WO2011107634A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES201000263A ES2364931B1 (es) 2010-03-04 2010-03-04 Generador de un aerogenerador accionado directamente
ESP201000263 2010-03-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011107634A1 true WO2011107634A1 (fr) 2011-09-09

Family

ID=44512213

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/ES2011/000055 WO2011107634A1 (fr) 2010-03-04 2011-03-02 Générateur d'éolienne à entraînement direct

Country Status (2)

Country Link
ES (1) ES2364931B1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011107634A1 (fr)

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2323605A1 (es) * 2005-01-07 2009-07-21 General Electric Company Generador de turbina eolica.
US20090243301A1 (en) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 General Electric Company Wind turbine direct drive airgap control method and system
EP2143942A1 (fr) * 2008-07-07 2010-01-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Éolienne

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ES2323605A1 (es) * 2005-01-07 2009-07-21 General Electric Company Generador de turbina eolica.
US20090243301A1 (en) * 2008-03-25 2009-10-01 General Electric Company Wind turbine direct drive airgap control method and system
EP2143942A1 (fr) * 2008-07-07 2010-01-13 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Éolienne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2364931A1 (es) 2011-09-16
ES2364931B1 (es) 2012-09-17

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