WO2011106913A1 - 一种高光谱成像的光源系统 - Google Patents

一种高光谱成像的光源系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011106913A1
WO2011106913A1 PCT/CN2010/000531 CN2010000531W WO2011106913A1 WO 2011106913 A1 WO2011106913 A1 WO 2011106913A1 CN 2010000531 W CN2010000531 W CN 2010000531W WO 2011106913 A1 WO2011106913 A1 WO 2011106913A1
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Prior art keywords
line
box
light source
light
controller
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
邹小波
石吉勇
赵杰文
殷晓平
陈正伟
黄星奕
蔡健荣
陈全胜
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Jiangsu University
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Jiangsu University
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Priority to US13/700,463 priority Critical patent/US8564769B2/en
Publication of WO2011106913A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011106913A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G06—COMPUTING OR CALCULATING; COUNTING
    • G06F—ELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F3/00—Input arrangements for transferring data to be processed into a form capable of being handled by the computer; Output arrangements for transferring data from processing unit to output unit, e.g. interface arrangements
    • G06F3/002—Specific input/output arrangements not covered by G06F3/01 - G06F3/16
    • G06F3/005—Input arrangements through a video camera
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
    • G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
    • G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
    • G01N21/8806—Specially adapted optical and illumination features

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  • the present invention relates to a hyperspectral imaging technique, and more particularly to a light source system for hyperspectral imaging that intelligently adjusts light intensity.
  • the basic process of hyperspectral imaging is that a certain band of light is emitted from the light source to the surface of the object. The light is reflected, scattered, transmitted, etc. on the surface and inside of the object. A part of the light enters the spectroscopic system of the hyperspectral camera and is captured by the sensor inside the camera. , after signal processing such as photoelectric conversion, outputs a hyperspectral image. From the hyperspectral imaging process, it can be found that the light source provides energy input to the entire imaging system, and the light source arrangement determines the path of light reflection on the surface of the object, so the light source and its arrangement are key components of the entire imaging system. Although high-spectral imaging accuracy is high, obtaining high-quality, high-stability images must be based on a stable light source and a reasonable lighting layout.
  • halogen lamps are commonly used as the light source of hyperspectral imaging systems, and the way of acquiring images is mainly diffuse reflection.
  • the application number is 200610097857. 5.
  • the patent application entitled “A device and method for detecting agricultural and livestock products by hyperspectral imaging technology” uses a halogen lamp and an ultraviolet lamp as a light source to obtain a reflected light image of agricultural and livestock products.
  • the application number is 200520099328.
  • the patent application entitled “A device and method for detecting fruit using hyperspectral image technology” the source of the hyperspectral image system is a halogen lamp and a laser lamp, and the light is transmitted through two fibers and then concentrated to the fruit. The surface, and a converging lens is placed in front of the camera lens.
  • the defects are: 1. No optimization of the light source and light source arrangement, such as the increase of the lifetime of the halogen lamp, the luminous efficiency and the light intensity Changes occur, as well as energy loss of light during fiber transmission. 2.
  • the light source illuminates the object in a single way. The light source projects the light directly onto the object at a certain angle to the plane of the stage. It is difficult to ensure uniform illumination.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art, and to provide a diffuse reflection light source system capable of optimally adjusting the illumination intensity and high-spectrum imaging to obtain a high-spectrum image with good stability.
  • the light box is a closed rectangular parallelepiped, and the inner cavity of the box is respectively provided with a line scanning camera, a beam splitting system, an electronically controlled translation stage stage and the object to be detected thereon, an electronically controlled translation table screw and a wire.
  • a light source box and a photodiode a line light source controller, an electronically controlled translation stage controller and a computer are disposed outside the box; the electronically controlled translation stage stage is disposed at a lower portion of the light box and connected to the electronically controlled translation table screw, and is electrically controlled
  • the translation table screw is connected to the electronically controlled translation stage controller, and the line light source box is disposed above the side of the object to be detected, the photodiode is disposed near the line light source box and connected to the line light source controller, and the photodiode senses the intensity of the line source and inputs Feedback signal to the line source controller;
  • the line source box has an internal The halogen lamp, the halogen lamp is connected to the line light source controller; the line scan camera is disposed above the light box and directly above the object to be detected, and the line scan camera is connected to the spectroscopic system and the computer.
  • the halogen lamp is directly placed in the line light source box, does not need fiber to conduct, avoids the energy loss of light in the fiber transmission process, and reduces the system cost.
  • the line light projected through the gap is uniform, eliminating the noise caused by uneven illumination and increasing the illumination hook.
  • the line light source controller increases the AC frequency from 60Hz to high frequency, the input current of the line source is similar to that of the regulated DC, which increases the stability of the light source.
  • the line light source controller can sense the change of the light intensity of the line source through the skin feed signal of the photodiode, and ensure that the line light source is always at the same light intensity by adjusting the magnitude of the input current, eliminating the increase of the service life of the light source and the instability of the external circuit.
  • the intensity of light changes. It suppresses the baseline drift during signal acquisition, improves the utilization of the light source, and can acquire high-quality, high-stability hyperspectral images.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the connection of a hyperspectral imaging light source system
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged view showing the structure of the line light source box 7 of Fig. 1; wherein Fig. 2(a) is an outline view of the line light source box 7, and Fig. 2(b) is a layout view of the halogen lamp unit 13 inside the line source box 7.
  • Figure 3 is a waveform diagram of the alternating current at different frequencies in Figure 1.
  • the schematic diagram of the hyperspectral imaging system of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
  • the light box 1 is a closed rectangular parallelepiped made of stainless steel material to form an environmentally controllable confined space to prevent external light from affecting hyperspectral imaging and also high.
  • the erection of other components in the spectral imaging system provides support points.
  • a line scan camera 2, a beam splitting system 3, a detected object 4, an electronically controlled translation stage stage 5, an electrically controlled translation stage lead rod 6, a line source box 7, and a photodiode 8 are respectively disposed in the inner cavity of the light box 1.
  • a line light source controller 9, an electronically controlled translation stage controller 10, and a computer 11 are disposed outside the box of the light box 1.
  • the electronically controlled translation stage stage 5 is located at the lower part of the light box 1, and is connected to the electronically controlled translation stage screw 6, the electrically controlled translation stage screw 6 is connected to the electronically controlled translation stage controller 10, and the speed of the electronically controlled translation stage 6 is moved.
  • the direction and direction are controlled by the electronically controlled translation stage controller 10.
  • a detected object 4 is placed on the electronically controlled translation stage stage 5, and the line light source box 7 is disposed on the side of the object 4 to be detected.
  • the photodiode 8 is disposed in the vicinity of the line light source box 7 and connected to the line light source controller 9.
  • a halogen lamp 13 is disposed in the line source box 7, and the halogen lamp 13 is connected to the line source controller 9.
  • a line scan camera 2 is disposed at an upper position of the light box 1 and directly above the object 4 to be detected, and a front portion of the line scan camera 2 is connected to the spectroscopic system 3, and the line scan camera 2 is connected to the computer 11.
  • the line light source box 7 is a hollow cylinder 'structure having a diameter of 10 to 25 cm and a height of 10 to 40 cm, and the thickness of the wall is not Light transmission is correct.
  • a slit 12 is formed in the axial wall of the hollow cylinder, and the inner wall of the hollow cylinder has a certain roughness and is sprayed with white paint to facilitate diffuse reflection of light.
  • the 4 ⁇ 6 ⁇ halogen lamp 13 is installed inside the hollow cylinder, and the halogen lamps are arranged in the vertical column inside the hollow cylinder as shown in Fig.
  • the light emitted after energization is diffusely reflected on the inner wall of the light source box 7, forming a line source required for hyperspectral imaging, and a diffuse reflection process can uniformly mix the light to ensure that the light projected from the slit 12 is uniformly hooked.
  • the function of the line source controller 9 is to increase the AC frequency from 60 Hz to a higher frequency (such as 60 kHz). When the AC frequency is increased, it can be approximately equal to the regulated DC power source, thereby reducing the signal fluctuation caused by the flashing of the halogen lamp 13.
  • the photodiode 8 can sense the change of the intensity of the line source and output to the line source controller 9 a feedback signal.
  • the line source controller 9 senses the change of the line source intensity according to the feedback signal provided by the photodiode 8, and adjusts the line source input current.
  • the size of the light source stabilizes the intensity of the light source, ensuring that the light intensity of the line source is always at the same level, thereby eliminating the increase in the life of the light source and the fluctuation of the light intensity caused by external circuit changes.
  • the specific process of hyperspectral imaging is as follows:
  • the line source box 7 emits line light to be projected onto the object 4 to be detected, and the line light is reflected by the object 4 to be detected and enters the spectroscopic system 3 of the hyperspectral camera and is divided into monochromatic light, which is divided into monochromatic light.
  • the electronically controlled translation stage controller 10 drives the electric motor by controlling the rotational speed and direction of the electronically controlled translation stage screw 6.
  • the control translation stage 5 continuously moves, and the detected object 4 is also continuously moved.
  • the line light can be swept across the entire surface of the detected object 4 like a brush, thereby obtaining a complete image of the detected object 4, and completing the detected object 4 Hyperspectral image imaging.
  • the acquired hyperspectral image is saved to the computer 11 through the data line.
  • Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the AC waveform at different frequencies.
  • the ordinate has a range of [-1,1]
  • the abscissa has a range of [- ⁇ /100, ⁇ /100], and the abscissa interval is ⁇ /100000.
  • Figure 3 (a) corresponds to a frequency of 60 Hz
  • Figure 3 (b) corresponds to a frequency of 600 Hz
  • Figure 3 (c) corresponds to a frequency of 6000 Hz
  • Figure 3 (d) corresponds to a frequency of 60000 Hz. From Fig. 3, the following conclusion can be drawn: As the frequency of the alternating current increases, the waveforms in the unit length (the abscissa axis) are denser, that is, the more stable the line light is emitted.

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Description

一种高光谱成像的光源系统
技术领域
本发明涉及一种高光谱成像技术， 特指一种可智能调节光强的用于高光谱成像的光源 系统。
背景技术
高光谱成像的基本过程是由光源发出一定波段的光照射到物体表面，光在物体的表面、 内部发生反射、 散射、 透射等变化， 一部分光进入高光谱相机分光系统， 被相机内部的传 感器捕获， 经过光电转换等信号处理后输出高光谱图像。 从高光谱成像过程可以发现， 光 源为整个成像系统提供能量输入， 光源布置方法决定了光在物体表面反射路径， 因此光源 及其布置方法是整个成像系统的关键组成部分。虽然高光谱成像精度高，但是获取高质量、 高稳定性的图像必须以稳定的光源和合理的光照布局为前提。
目前， 常用卤素灯作为高光谱成像系统的光源， 且获取图像的方式以漫反射为主。 如 申请号为 200610097857. 5、名称为 "一种高光谱成像技术检测农畜产品的装置和方法"的 专利申请， 采用卤素灯、 紫外灯为光源， 获取农畜产品的反射光图像。 申请号为 200520099328. x、名称为 "一种利用高光谱图像技术检测水果的装置和方法"的专利申请， 高光谱图像系统光源为卤素灯和激光灯， 光经两根光纤传导后汇聚到水果表面， 并在相机 镜头前放置了会聚镜头。 虽然上述公开的两种装置能够满足高光谱图像获取的基本要求， 但其缺陷是： 1、 没有对光源及光源布置方式进行优化， 如卤素灯随着使用寿命的增加， 发光效率和光强会发生变化， 以及光在光纤传导过程中的能量损失等。 2、 光源照射物体 的方式单一， 光源是同载物台平面成一定的角度的方式将光直接投射到物体上， 难以保证 光照均匀。
发明内容
本发明的目的是为克服现有技术的不足， 提出一种能优化的智能调节光照强度的高光 谱成像的漫反射光源系统， 获得稳定性好的高光谱图像。
本发明采用的技术方案是： 光照箱为密闭长方体， 其箱体内腔分别设置线扫描相机、 分光系统、 电控平移台载物台及其上的被检测物体、 电控平移台丝杆、 线光源箱和光敏二 极管； 其箱体外设置线光源控制器、 电控平移台控制器和计算机； 所述电控平移台载物台 设置于光照箱下部且连接电控平移台丝杆， 电控平移台丝杆连接电控平移台控制器， 线光 源箱设置于被检测物体的侧上方， 光敏二极管设置于线光源箱附近且与线光源控制器相 连， 光敏二极管感应线光源光强变化并输入反馈信号至线光源控制器； 线光源箱内部具有 卤素灯， 卤素灯与线光源控制器相连； 线扫描相机设置于光照箱上部以及被检测物体的正 上方位置， 线扫描相机与分光系统和计算机相连。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、 卤素灯被直接安放在线光源箱中， 不需要光纤进行传导， 避免了光在光纤传导过程 中的能量损失， 同时也降低了系统成本，
2、 光在线光源箱中发生漫反射后， 通过缝隙投射出来的线光是均匀的， 消除了光照 不均带来的噪声， 增加光照均勾度。
3、 线光源控制器将交流电频率从 60Hz增加到高频后， 线光源输入电流与稳压直流类 似， 增加了光源的稳定性。
4、 线光源控制器通过光敏二极管的皮馈信号可以感知线光源光强的变化， 并通过调 节输入电流的大小保证线光源始终处于同一光强度， 消除由于光源使用寿命增加和外部电 路不稳定引起的光强变化。抑制了信号采集过程中的基线漂移现象，提高了光源的利用率， 可采集高质量的、 高稳定性的高光谱图像。
附图说明
图 1是高光谱成像光源系统的连接示意图，
图 2是图 1中线光源箱 7的结构放大图； 其中， 图 2 (a) 为线光源箱 7的外形图， 图 2 (b) 为线光源箱 7内部卤素灯 13的布置图。
图 3是图 1中不同频率下交流电波形图。
图中： 1光照箱； 2线扫描相机； 3分光系统； 4被检测物体； 5电控平移台载物台； 6 电控平移台丝杆； 7线光源箱； 8光敏二极管； 9线光源控制器； 10电控平移台控制器； 11计算机； 12狭缝； 13卤素灯。
具体实施方式
本发明所述高光谱成像系统示意图如图 1所示，光照箱 1为不锈钢材料制成的密闭长 方体， 形成一个环境可控的密闭空间， 防止外界光线对高光谱成像产生影响， 同时也为高 光谱成像系统中其它部件的架设提供支撑点。 在光照箱 1内腔中分别设有线扫描相机 2、 分光系统 3、 被检测物体 4、 电控平移台载物台 5、 电控平移台丝杆 6、 线光源箱 7和光敏 二极管 8。在光照箱 1箱体外设置线光源控制器 9、 电控平移台控制器 10和计算机 11。其 中， 电控平移台载物台 5位于光照箱 1下部， 且连接电控平移台丝杆 6, 电控平移台丝杆 6连接电控平移台控制器 10， 电控平移台 6移动的速度和方向由电控平移台控制器 10控 制。 在电控平移台载物台 5上放置被检测物体 4， 线光源箱 7设置于被检测物体 4的侧上 方， 光敏二极管 8设置于线光源箱 7附近并与线光源控制器 9相连， 在线光源箱 7中设置 卤素灯 13， 卤素灯 13与线光源控制器 9相连。 在光照箱 1的上部位置以及被检测物体 4 的正上方设置线扫描相机 2， 线扫描相机 2前部连接分光系统 3， 线扫描相机 2与计算机 11连接。
线光源箱 7的具体结构如图 2所示，图 2 (a)中，线光源箱 7是一个直径为 10〜25cm、 高度为 10〜40cm的空心圆柱体'结构， 其壁的厚度以不透光为准。 在该空心圆柱体的轴向 壁上开一个狭缝 12， 空心圆柱体的内壁具有一定的粗糙度， 并用白油漆喷涂， 以利于光发 生漫反射。如图 2 (b)， 将 4〜6盏卤素灯 13安装在空心圆柱体的内部， 卤素灯按图 2 (b) 所示以竖列的形式排列于空心圆柱体内部，卤素灯 13线光源通电后发出的光在线光源箱 7 的内壁发生漫反射， 形成高光谱成像所需的线光源， 发生漫反射过程可以将光混合均匀， 保证从狭缝 12投射出来的光是均勾的。
线光源控制器 9的作用是将交流电频率从 60Hz提高到更高频率（如 60kHz)， 交流电 频率增高后， 可以近似等同于稳压直流电源， 从而减少卤素灯 13 闪烁带来的信号波动。 光敏二极管 8能够感应线光源光强变化并输给线光源控制器 9一个反馈信号， 线光源控制 器 9根据光敏二极管 8提供的反馈信号， 感知线光源光强的变化， 并调节线光源输入电流 的大小来稳定光源强度， 保证线光源光强始终处于同一水平， 从而消除光源使用寿命增加 及外部电路变化所引起的光强波动。
高光谱成像具体过程如下： 线光源箱 7发出线光投射到被检测物体 4上， 线光被被检 测物体 4反射后进入高光谱相机的分光系统 3并被分成单色光， 分成单色光后被线扫描相 机 2线阵传感器捕获， 从而得到被检测物体 4的一条线状高光谱图像； 同时， 电控平移台 控制器 10通过控制电控平移台丝杆 6的旋转速度和方向驱动电控平移台 5不断移动， 带 动被检测物体 4也不断移动,移动过程中线光可以像刷子一样扫过被检测物 4的整个表面， 从而得到被检测物 4的完整图像， 完成被检测物 4的高光谱图像成像。 采集到的高光谱图 像通过数据线保存到计算机 11上。
图 3为不同频率下交流电波形示意图， 图中纵坐标取值范围为 [-1，1]， 横坐标取值范围为 [- π/100, π/100] , 横坐标间隔为 π/100000。 图 3 (a)对应的频率为 60Hz， 图 3 (b)对应 的频率为 600Hz， 图 3 (c)对应的频率为 6000Hz, 图 3 (d)对应的频率为 60000Hz。 从图 3可以得出如下结论： 随着交流电频率的增加， 单位长度（横坐标轴） 内的波形越密集， 即所发出的线光越稳定。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种高光谱成像的光源系统， 包括光照箱（1 )、 线光源箱 （7) 和卤素灯 （13)， 其特征是： 光照箱（1 ) 为密闭长方体， 其箱体内腔分别设置线扫描相机 （2)、 分光系统
(3)、 电控平移台载物台 （5) 及其上的被检测物体（4)、 电控平移台丝杆（6)、 线光源 箱 （7)和光敏二极管 （8); 其箱体外设置线光源控制器 （9)、 电控平移台控制器（10) 和计算机（11 ); 所述电控平移台载物台 （5) 设置于光照箱（1 ) 下部且连接电控平移台 丝杆（6), 电控平移台丝杆 （6)连接电控平移台控制器（10)， 线光源箱（7) 设置于被 检测物体 （4) 的侧上方， 光敏二极管 （8) 设置于线光源箱（7) 附近且与线光源控制器
(9)相连， 光敏二极管（8)感应线光源光强变化并输入反馈信号至线光源控制器（9); 线光源箱（7 ) 内部具有卤素灯 （13)， 卤素灯 （13) 与线光源控制器（9)相连； 线扫描 相机（2) 设置于光照箱（1 )上部以及被检测物体（4) 的正上方位置， 线扫描相机（2) 与分光系统 （3)和计算机（11 ) 相连。
2、根据权利要求 1所述的一种髙光谱成像的光源系统， 其特征是： 所述线光源箱（7) 为空心圆柱体结构， 该空心圆柱体的轴向壁上具有一个狭缝 （12), 壁厚以不透光为准， 内壁具有粗糙度。 .
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