WO2011105794A2 - Système de cellule hybride comportant un circuit de commutation série - Google Patents

Système de cellule hybride comportant un circuit de commutation série Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011105794A2
WO2011105794A2 PCT/KR2011/001243 KR2011001243W WO2011105794A2 WO 2011105794 A2 WO2011105794 A2 WO 2011105794A2 KR 2011001243 W KR2011001243 W KR 2011001243W WO 2011105794 A2 WO2011105794 A2 WO 2011105794A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
series
parallel
voltage
battery
operation mode
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PCT/KR2011/001243
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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WO2011105794A3 (fr
Inventor
김용익
백동수
Original Assignee
주식회사 미트
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Publication of WO2011105794A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011105794A2/fr
Publication of WO2011105794A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011105794A3/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46—Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2250/00—Fuel cells for particular applications; Specific features of fuel cell system
    • H01M2250/40—Combination of fuel cells with other energy production systems
    • H01M2250/402—Combination of fuel cell with other electric generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0013—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries acting upon several batteries simultaneously or sequentially
    • H02J7/0024—Parallel/serial switching of connection of batteries to charge or load circuit
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02B90/10—Applications of fuel cells in buildings
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hybrid battery system having a series-parallel switching circuit, and more particularly, to combine a high output secondary battery and a large capacity low voltage fuel cell and to perform a high voltage discharge and a low voltage charging according to a charge / discharge operation mode.
  • the present invention relates to a hybrid battery system having a series-parallel switching circuit capable of increasing the use time of the battery by switching the cells in series and parallel.
  • batteries used in electric vehicles realize high output and high voltage, but have a lack of capacity, thereby forming a hybrid battery system combined with a metal fuel cell or a metal air battery.
  • the voltage generated by the unit cell of a metal fuel cell or a solid electrolyte fuel cell is mostly 2V or less, and it can be said to be 4V or less at a high level. do.
  • Metal fuel cells use various metal forms, that is, gels containing plates, beads, and powders as fuels, but they are not all forms that can flow freely inside a cell like gas or liquid fuel. This frequently causes mechanical damage or inconvenience in use.
  • the present invention combines a high-output secondary battery and a large capacity low-voltage fuel cell, and the serial and parallel to convert the secondary battery so that high voltage discharge and low voltage charging can be performed according to the charging and discharging operation mode to increase the use time of the battery It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid battery system having a switching circuit.
  • Hybrid battery system having a serial-to-parallel switching circuit according to the present invention, a plurality of secondary batteries arranged to be parallel-to-parallel switching; A large capacity backup fuel cell connected in parallel with the secondary charge; And a serial-to-parallel conversion unit for converting the secondary batteries in series or in parallel so as to perform high voltage discharge and low voltage charging according to the charge / discharge operation mode signal.
  • the serial-to-parallel conversion unit is characterized in that the secondary battery to switch in parallel when the operation mode signal is a charging mode.
  • the serial-to-parallel conversion unit is characterized in that for converting the secondary battery in series when the operation mode signal is a discharge mode.
  • the serial-to-parallel switching unit is connected in parallel with a power supply unit using the secondary battery or the fuel cell, a controller for generating the operation mode signal, and a plurality of wirings connected in series with the secondary battery in accordance with the operation mode signal. And a switch group for short-circuit or insulation of one wire at a time to switch the secondary battery in parallel.
  • the switch group may include a first switch group for switching the secondary batteries in parallel when the operation mode signal is a discharge mode, and a second switch for switching the secondary battery in series when the operation mode signal is a charging mode. It is characterized by including a group.
  • the switch group is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of relay switches on / off in accordance with the operation mode signal.
  • the switch group is characterized in that it comprises a plurality of FET device on / off according to the operation mode signal.
  • the switch group is a photodiode device for applying a constant voltage according to the operation mode signal, a first FET device for applying a gate-source voltage on / off by driving the photodiode device, and the photo And a second FET device which is turned on / off by receiving a gate-source voltage by driving a diode device, wherein the first FET device and the second FET device are configured by connecting drain-source-source-drain in order. do.
  • the secondary battery is characterized in that any one of lead acid, nickel hydrogen, nickel cadmium, zinc-silver oxide, lithium ion battery.
  • the fuel cell is a metal fuel cell zinc air, lithium air, magnesium air, aluminum air; Sodium sulfur, lithium sulfur, magnesium sulfur, zinc sulfur which are metal sulfur batteries; Hydrazine air and alkali borohydride air which are alkaline batteries; It is characterized in that it is either a vanadium battery which is a redox flow battery, or an iodine battery.
  • the fuel cell is characterized in that configured by connecting three to four unit fuel cell in series.
  • the present invention can increase the use time of the battery by combining the high-output secondary battery and the large-capacity low-voltage fuel cell to perform the charging and discharging while frequently switching the low-voltage parallel circuit and the high-voltage series circuit.
  • the present invention can reduce the cost by reducing the number of cells of the backup fuel cell, it is convenient to replace or refill.
  • the present invention can utilize a small output lowered by a small amount when using a metal fuel cell can improve the overall energy efficiency.
  • the entire power supply is stopped when one battery is destroyed, but the system can be started by the surviving battery in the mode where the parallel connection is made. It has the advantage of being able to cope in the worst case.
  • the present invention can charge all batteries regardless of the performance of the battery when charging the battery in a low voltage parallel mode. In addition, in the case of discharging in parallel mode, all of the batteries can be discharged. This has the effect of maintaining high battery performance.
  • the present invention is easy to charge and discharge of the secondary battery even in the serial mode, it is possible to free the discharge or charging according to the operation of the electric vehicle.
  • you step on the deceleration pedal you can recharge it just like any electric car.
  • the present invention has a lot of power loss when using a general DC-DC converter, but the parallel-to-parallel circuit is advantageous in terms of energy management because it leads to significantly less loss.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery system in which secondary batteries are connected in series.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a hybrid battery system having a series-parallel switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a series-parallel switching circuit diagram using a relay device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a series-parallel switching circuit diagram using an FET device according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 is a switch circuit diagram using a FET according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a circuit diagram of an FET switch using an input control signal using a photodiode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of use in an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a battery system in which secondary batteries are connected in series
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of a hybrid battery system having a series-parallel switching circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention is configured in such a way that the series and parallel circuits of the batteries can be switched so that the batteries can be charged in parallel when discharged and in series when discharged, so that high voltage discharge and low voltage charge can be properly performed.
  • the solution is to divide the voltage into two levels: low voltage and high voltage, so that charging and discharging can alternate between low voltage mode and high voltage mode as needed.
  • allocating discharge and charging time depends on the condition of the equipment used. For example, when applied to military communication equipment, a lot of power is consumed when transmitting data or voice signals. Therefore, high-voltage discharge mode is used and low-voltage charging mode is used to effectively manage power when not in use or in low power standby mode. You can do it.
  • An example where high power is required is an electric vehicle that maintains a high voltage charge / discharge mode when accelerating, driving or decelerating and then switches to a low voltage mode when stopping or driving at low speed.
  • small electric vehicles commercially available drive 24-36 V, so the low voltage can be maintained at 4.2 V when using Li-ion batteries.
  • the low-voltage mode also allows the use of multiple series of hybrid systems in series, with theoretical scalability. For example, a small hybrid system consisting of a plurality of lithium ion batteries and a backup metal fuel cell may be collected to form a group of medium units, and a group of multiple medium units may be formed to form a large group. .
  • a low-voltage backup battery In low-voltage mode, a low-voltage backup battery is used to keep the battery charging. Also, the ideal condition for charging is to charge in parallel. The reason for this is that when charging in series, an unbalance occurs in each cell, and thus, even charging is not performed, resulting in a shortening of battery life, deterioration, and a reduction in output power.
  • a hybrid battery system having a series-parallel switching circuit includes a plurality of secondary batteries 1 arranged in series and parallel switching, and in parallel with a secondary battery.
  • the serial-parallel switching unit 3 switches the secondary batteries in parallel when the operation mode signal is in the charging mode to enable low voltage charging, and converts the secondary batteries 1 in series when the operation mode signal is in the discharge mode. It is configured to allow high voltage discharge.
  • the secondary battery is composed of any one of lead acid, nickel hydrogen, nickel cadmium, zinc-silver oxide, and lithium ion battery.
  • the fuel cell includes zinc air, lithium air, magnesium air, aluminum air which are metal fuel cells; Sodium sulfur, lithium sulfur, magnesium sulfur, zinc sulfur which are metal sulfur batteries; Hydrazine air and alkali borohydride air which are alkaline batteries; It consists of either a vanadium battery which is a redox flow battery, or an iodine battery.
  • the fuel cell is configured by connecting three to four unit fuel cell in series.
  • FIG. 2 when lithium ion batteries are connected in parallel during charging, only a voltage of 4.2V is still required. If a zinc air cell or a zinc fuel cell is used as a representative cell of a low voltage large capacity cell, only four cells are needed since it usually has an operating voltage of 0.8 -1.2 V. Magnesium or aluminum air cells have higher voltages, such as 1.2-1.8 V. In this case, it is better to use only three cells. Magnesium, aluminum, or lithium with a high voltage of 3V can be used as fuel, but this is based on the most common zinc fuel cell.
  • the charging voltage of the lithium ion battery is 4.2V and the discharge voltage of the zinc fuel cell is 0.8 -1.4.
  • V average is 1.2V.
  • FIG 3 is a series and parallel switching circuit diagram using a relay device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 4 is a series and parallel switching circuit diagram using a FET device according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is an embodiment of the present invention 6 is a switch circuit diagram using a FET according to the embodiment
  • Figure 6 is a FET switch circuit diagram by the input control signal using a photodiode according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a series circuit that is, a high voltage circuit
  • a parallel circuit that is, a low voltage circuit
  • the serial-to-parallel conversion unit 3 short-circuits or insulates the wires connected in parallel with the wires connected in series with the plurality of secondary batteries according to an operation mode signal SERIAL ON SIGNAL and PARALLEL ON SIGNAL at a time. It includes switch groups GROUP1 and GROUP2 for switching cells in series and in parallel.
  • the serial-to-parallel switching unit 3 receives power from a power supply unit using a power source using a secondary battery or a fuel cell, and receives an operation mode signal from a control unit generating an operation mode signal (SERIAL ON SIGNAL, PARALLEL ON SIGNAL). It works.
  • the power supply unit is used for supplying control circuits by receiving power from a lithium ion battery
  • the control unit includes a logic circuit for generating a serial or parallel control signal using an automatic control signal or a manual changeover switch.
  • a device for which a hybrid battery system is applied that is, a vehicle (electric vehicle, electric scooter, electric bicycle) using a motor, detects a stop mode and a driving mode, and generates a charging operation mode signal (PARALLEL ON SIGNAL) at the stop.
  • a logic circuit for generating a discharge operation mode signal (SERIAL ON SIGNAL) and providing it to the serial-to-parallel switching unit (3) during operation.
  • the serial and parallel switching unit 3 may be configured using a mechanical relay or switch.
  • FET Field effect transistor
  • the Li-ion battery becomes a power system operating at a voltage of 2.8-4.2V when charging 4.2V when charging.
  • the metal fuel cells connected in parallel are four series connected groups in the case of zinc fuel cells (A in FIG. 1) to continuously charge the lithium ion battery groups connected in parallel.
  • FIG. 5 is different from FIG. 4.
  • two FETs are connected in series instead of one.
  • the reason is that when the parallel circuit is turned on, the series circuit should be turned off, but the short circuit is formed locally between adjacent cells by the fast recovery diode built in between the drain and the source of the FET. . Doing so will damage the battery and will make it impossible to achieve the desired purpose. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 5 or in more detail, as shown in FIG. 6, the diodes may be configured in reverse directions to block the closed circuit.
  • the difference in FIG. 4 is that a photodiode is used. The reason for using the photodiode is to apply the gate voltage to the FETs connected to each cell stably.
  • the FET may use both N and P channel types, and is not limited to the embodiments described herein.
  • FET N-CH when the gate is higher than the source, current flows from the drain to the source.
  • the turn-on resistance is very low, which has the advantage of controlling high power with minimal power consumption.
  • FET P-CH when the gate is lower than the source, current flows from the drain to the source.
  • the photodiode array In the case of parallel connection, there is no increase in withstand voltage, so one or two photodiode arrays per multiple lithium-ion batteries are sufficient. In the case of series connection, the photodiode array connects multiple systems within the gate-source withstand voltage limit of the FET. Can be used. By doing so, the number of photodiode arrays can be reduced.
  • FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating an example of use in an electric vehicle according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the cell of the secondary battery is configured in parallel when the stop is automatically switched to the charging mode is made If you want to switch to the running mode, configure the cells of the secondary battery in series to automatically switch to the discharge mode.
  • the series-parallel circuit can be extended to a broader concept as follows when used as a power source of an electric vehicle.
  • the low voltage circuit system and the high voltage circuit system are alternately used.
  • the low voltage is used as a low voltage for operating the system and the high voltage is used as a driving role.
  • each unit is composed of 4V and 8 lithium ion batteries connected with four metal fuel cells having an operating voltage of 1V as a series-parallel switching circuit.
  • the system can be operated in two modes, 12V and 96V.
  • the discharge voltage of the lithium ion battery may be lower than 4V, it is regarded as 4V for convenience.
  • the secondary batteries of the hybrid units are connected in parallel to 4V, and the voltage of the system in which they are connected in series is 12V.
  • This voltage is suitable for use in the car's internal system and is charged using a DC-DC converter to charge a separate system battery inside.
  • the system cell powers the vehicle's internal loads. Lamps or motorized control systems.
  • several secondary batteries included in the hybrid unit can be simultaneously charged in parallel. Electric vehicles can fail at any time, especially the probability of destruction on the battery.
  • the low voltage mode with parallel connection enables basic system maintenance and vehicle movement, making it easier to deal with failures. It is also possible to operate in this 12V mode during low speed or deceleration, even at constant speed, and at this time, not only charging from metal fuel cells, but also charging by back EMF generated from the motor during deceleration.
  • the secondary cells of the hybrid units are connected in series and the metal fuel cell is not working. At this time, the recovery time of the metal fuel cell is effective to increase the efficiency from an electrochemical point of view.
  • the voltage of the entire system connected in series runs at 96V, and part of the power is charged to the system battery through a DC-DC converter, and most of the power is used to drive the motor.
  • powerful power is used to accelerate enough, and high-speed operation is possible, but the counter electromotive force generated during deceleration can be directly charged to the secondary battery. At the time of deceleration, it may be switched to parallel circuit, but this may be made frequently or at a constant speed depending on the intention of the automobile manufacturer.
  • the determination of the time of the serial / parallel switching in the above-mentioned control circuit is made according to the size of the output as mentioned above, the sensor which senses the position of the accelerator or brake pedal, and the internal functions of the battery.
  • the internal function of the battery means that all the secondary batteries must be connected in series in the high voltage mode, so if one of them is damaged, the vehicle will lose its function. In this case, all conditions must be taken in parallel connection. According to the concept of FIG. 6, even in the low voltage parallel mode, the vehicle may be sufficiently moved to a place where the vehicle is to be repaired. In addition, if the metal fuel cell is completely discharged, it will not be necessary to maintain parallel mode, so only high voltage series mode will be used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Charge And Discharge Circuits For Batteries Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention porte sur un système de cellule hybride comportant un circuit de commutation série, qui utilise le circuit de commutation série pour coupler une cellule secondaire à haut débit à une pile à combustible basse tension haute capacité, et qui commute en permanence un circuit série basse tension et un circuit série haute tension pour réaliser un chargement et un déchargement afin d'allonger le temps utilisable des cellules. Le système de cellule hybride comprend : une pluralité de cellules secondaires agencées pour être commutables en série/parallèles ; une pile à combustible de secours haute capacité ; et une unité de commutation série/parallèle qui réalise une commutation série/parallèle des cellules secondaires conformément à un signal de mode de fonctionnement de charge ou de décharge, et qui connecte la pile à combustible aux cellules secondaires en série ou en parallèle.
PCT/KR2011/001243 2010-02-24 2011-02-23 Système de cellule hybride comportant un circuit de commutation série WO2011105794A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
KR1020100016601A KR101123637B1 (ko) 2010-02-24 2010-02-24 직병렬 전환회로를 구비한 하이브리드 전지 시스템
KR10-2010-0016601 2010-02-24

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WO2011105794A3 WO2011105794A3 (fr) 2012-01-05

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US9406915B2 (en) 2014-05-18 2016-08-02 Black & Decker, Inc. Power tool system
CN106451669A (zh) * 2016-11-25 2017-02-22 宇龙计算机通信科技(深圳)有限公司 快速充电控制方法、装置、多电芯电池和移动终端
US9893384B2 (en) 2014-05-18 2018-02-13 Black & Decker Inc. Transport system for convertible battery pack
CN108206566A (zh) * 2016-12-20 2018-06-26 罗伯特·博世有限公司 用于电蓄能系统的电路装置和运行方法
DE102017200898A1 (de) 2017-01-20 2018-07-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Batteriesystems
DE102017206834A1 (de) 2017-04-24 2018-10-25 Robert Bosch Gmbh Schaltungsanordnung und Ladeverfahren für ein elektrisches Energiespeichersystem
CN110601319A (zh) * 2019-10-23 2019-12-20 西安电子科技大学芜湖研究院 一种串并联电池转换模块
CN112703653A (zh) * 2019-08-23 2021-04-23 华为技术有限公司 充电系统和方法
WO2021133220A1 (fr) * 2019-12-27 2021-07-01 Nigmatullin Oleg Adgamovich Connexion en série de sources supplémentaires de courant continu pour égaliser la tension dans un circuit lorsque la charge est augmentée
US11211664B2 (en) 2016-12-23 2021-12-28 Black & Decker Inc. Cordless power tool system
CN114465304A (zh) * 2022-01-12 2022-05-10 浙江霖润新能源科技有限公司 一种车载混合电源系统
DE102021203352A1 (de) 2021-04-01 2022-10-06 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Schaltungsanordnung und Ladeverfahren für ein elektrisches Energiespeichersystem
US12034327B2 (en) 2012-12-28 2024-07-09 Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. Power storage device control system, power storage system, and electrical appliance

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KR101969389B1 (ko) * 2015-11-02 2019-08-13 주식회사 엘지화학 배터리 팩의 직병렬 동작 제어 방법
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