WO2011104416A1 - Materials comprising polymer, biocide and insecticide fibres for producing terrazzos, gypsum plaster and fibre cement prefabs, and chipboard - Google Patents

Abstract

The polymer and biocide fibres in terrazzos and pre-fabricated materials according to the invention have improved mechanical physical properties and provide the materials and objects made therefrom with protection from micro-organisms of the gram+ and gram- spectrum, better stability, higher quality and a longer service life. Continuous terrazzos and continuous epoxy terrazzos, monolayer terrazzo and compact marble contain aggregates, siliceous sand and other filler materials; non-stony elements and cement, and between 0.02 and 10% of polymer fibres comprising between 80 and 100% of polypropylene and/or propylene copolymers, and between 0.02 and 10% of bactericide compounds such as zinc oxide, triethanol, copper oxide, triazine, pyridine and sodium oxide, silver ions and preferably the mixture of 2,2',2(hexahydro-1,3,5-triazina-1,3,5-tri-yl)triethanol and 2-pyridiethanol-1-sodium oxide. The prefabricated parts are prepared from plaster, gypsum, and perlite. The fibre cement boards contain gypsum, calcium hydroxide, magnesium; up to 30% of cement, hydraulic calcium hydroxide, arlite, concrete; plant fibres such as cork, cellulose, pine, cork oak, eucalyptus and coconut bark; and organic agglomerates such as epoxide and bituminous resins. The chipboard contains chips of pine wood, cork oak, eucalyptus; medium-density or light-density cellulose, cork and triturated coconut bark. The prefabs contain between 0.01-0.10% of polymer fibres, and between 0.01 and 0.40% of said bactericide compounds. The fibre-cement boards and the plant conglomerate board also contain between 0.01 and 0.06% of insecticide pyrethroids.

Description

 MATERIALS WITH POLYMER FIBERS, BIOCIDES AND INSECTICIDES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF TERRACES, PREFABRICATED FROM ESCAYOLA, FIBRO-CEMENTO AND AGLOMERATED BOARDS

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to prefabricated elements of general use for sanitary and decorative use. In particular, the invention is refers to materials with polymeric fibers, biocides and insecticides for terrazzo flooring, continuous terrazzo, and continuous with epoxy, monolayer terrazzo, compact marble; and prefabricated elements for general use for sanitary and decorative uses.

A second object of the invention relates to development of prefabricated parts of plaster, plaster, perlite; Plates fibro-cement and agglomerated boards, all with biocidal properties and insecticides

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Terrazzo floors allow elegant combinations of different colors and formats giving us the perspective of a continuous surface, flat and without joints, which is no further from the reality, because in the process of working of the pavements either of tile or continuous (without joints), over time in the settlement process, dilation, contraction thereof, as well as during normal use, imperfections or microcracks appear unfailingly. This applies also to the prefabricated materials of plaster, fibro-cement parts, vegetable agglomerates, widely used in the industry of building.

It is in these imperfections as well as in the space of the joints between the slabs, plates, where various types can be developed of microorganisms and hatching different types of insects. The proliferation of insects associated with many diseases and any germ of them that be present in decomposing matter, in garbage dumps or other places, It will be brought by these to nearby houses and buildings. For example gender Phlebotomus, present in Spain, can transmit leishmaniosis, and genera Like Culexo Aedes, they can cause summer viral fevers. Neither the animals they are free of their bites and the damage they cause is substantial. both microorganisms and insects contribute to the unhealthiness of the premises depending on its use. Thus, this appearance in the work joints or fissures, which leave an ideal basis for the appearance of the points of infection. If this occurs in areas where you complex them facilities do not allow us to access a proper cleaning, disinfection and disinfection, this is where the biocidal properties and insecticides of the materials will provide us with that hygienic guarantee.

Within the advances recently made, in In general, the use of polymeric fibers in obtaining floors and floors for different applications, but not with biocidal properties:

WO 2009092748 refers to the use depoliolefins with isotactic structural elements in materials pavements and floors, especially in artificial carpets and grass. The patent refers only to artificial flooring and flooring, and does not cover, in particularly pavements of the terrazzo type.

The patent JP 11310681 describes the obtaining of the productPlastisolque has an excellent storage stability and low viscosity, capable of forming an excellent film for its mechanical and optical properties, and suitable for materials in obtaining floors and pavements, and soil layers. It is prepared by mixing (A) - 100 parts by weight of a (co) type (meta) acrylate polymer with an average weight molecular weight of 2,000,000 g / mol, (B) 5-400 parts by weight of a softener compatible with Components A and (C) 9-700 parts by weight of an inorganic filler.

JP 1170653 claims a composition for a hydrophobic layer of pavements, with processability and elasticity. Describes obtaining the product as a mixture of a 5-20% asphalt emulsion weight of the total solids content of the emulsion, cement, expanded material, etc .; of an aggregate material, ground stone and / or sand; 10-30% weight of expanded material, based on calcium oxide; 20% cement weight; 0.5-3% of polypropylene fiber chips, or 1-10% weight of glass fibers .

JP 59196369 claims a pavement material that does not use asphalt, to which siliceous sand is added, and fragments of natural fibers to a thermoplastic resin , which is mainly composed of 50-90% resin thermoplastic resin with an index of fusion of 100 or less, and 50-10% of a thermoplastic resin with a melt index of 150 or higher, and based on ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer resins, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyesters, etc.

Most common microorganisms found in pavements or roofs and plates are known.

Microorganism	WCC (ppm)
Bacteria
Escherichia coli	minus 10
Pseudomonas aeruginosa	75
Proteus vulgaris	fifty
Bacillus subtilis	10
Enterobacter aerogenes	fifteen
Molds
Aspergilus niger	7.5
Penicilum mineoluteum	7.5
Fusarium solani	150
Geotrichum candidum	125
Yeasts
Candida albicans	fifteen
Saccharomyces cerevisiae	10

There are currently some references of Compositions for soils where biocidal properties are achieved through the addition of active compounds of the most dissimilar:

In JP 9315915 the bactericidal agent contains graphite powder, silica or its calcined product, a natural stone with 0.1-% carbon weight and between 67-92% SiO2 weight. The agent can be dissolved or mixed with pumice, resins, paper fibers or fabrics, concrete, rubber or vinyl resins . The material is used in the agricultural industry, as a cleaning and bactericidal agent for wastewater, swimming pools, deodorizing agent, and bactericide for roofing and flooring materials.

There is some information about the properties biocides, fungicides and virucidal of plastic materials, especially propylene in association with metals, p. eg, silver.

Patent KR20010068275 claims a bactericidal ceramic powder containing silver, which is added to polyester , nylon, polypropylene , acrylic , urethane , or its analogs, at 0.3 to 10% by weight and by spinning the fiber is obtained.

It is possible to obtain a material for air filters from polypropylene fibers which are impregnated with virucidal and bactericidal agents ( http://www.varifan-noveko.com/?p1=1 )

Other works report on nanocomposites of Polypropylene (PP), these PP resins form a continuous matrix in mixture with nanoparticles (Journal of Inorganic and Organometallic Polymers and Materials19 # 2 (2008) 7/24/2009); also on ternary PP composites, Clays and PP / TiO2 (International Polymer Processing # 3 (2009, 267-271)), Compositions of PP, clays and CaCO3 have shown short bactericidal activity and long term;

Oxidized forms of copper, zinc, titanium, magnesium, and in metallic form of silver and gold in the form of nanomaterials are mixed with polymer fibers ( http://www.gotocmp.com/insight/00458163.html ). The addition of gentamicin on polypropylene (Macromolecular Chemistry and Polymeric Materials, Volume 82, Number 4 / April 2009) has been tested by immobilization of gentamicin and activation with hydrogen peroxide.

Thus, there are few references to new Compositions of prefabricated materials for use in construction, whether pavements or roofs and plates, and the existing ones refer only to terraces that possess some biocidal properties of little efficacy.

The patent KR20040052953 claims a composition of cement terrazzo for an adequate environmental environment, with properties bioactive, improved with respect to traditional materials, emission far infrared, anionic radiation, bactericidal and fungicidal activity, Deodorizing effect, non-flammable and durability. It comprises 18-25% cement conventional, 65-70% crushed dolomite screened, 5-30% mineral slag; 2-8% phosphate and 5-10% zeolite that confers pozzolanic properties. Be refers the description only to a material capable of forming terrazes with housing Bioactivity without fibers.

Document KR20040052584 describes a composition for cement terraces. You can remove organic compounds or bacteria from walls, paints, thanks to its improved infrared emission properties distant, anionic radiation, bactericidal and fungicidal activity, effect deodorizer, which allows you to create a clean environment for development normal life inside the premises. Contains 18-25% cement weight conventional, 65-70% crushed dolomite, 3-5% slag ore, 2-4% of ilite ore, 3-5% of pozzolans. It refers only to a material capable of form terrazzas with low bioactivity, and indicates the use of fibers.

Biotic agents of deterioration

The wood is remarkably resistant to damage biological, but there are a number of organisms have the ability to use the wood in a way that alters its characteristics. The organisms that They attack the wood include: bacteria, fungi, insects and marine drillers. Some of these organisms use wood as a food source, while others use it for shelter. This is important in the prefabricated bearing wood fibers, cellulose, etc.

Wood moisture responds to several purposes in the process of rot. Fungi and insects require many processes metabolic Fungi also provide a means of diffusion so that Enzymes degrade the structure of the wood. When water enters the wood, the microstructure swells until it reaches the saturation point of the fiber (about 30% of moisture content in wood). At this point, the fungus you can start to degrade it in the free water in the cell cavities of timber. The swelling associated with water is believed to make cellulose more accessible to fungal enzymes, increasing the rot rate of timber. Most organisms thrive in an optimal range of temperature from 21 ° C to 30 ° C; however, they are able to survive on a considerable temperature range.

It has been recently shown that bacteria are important in the infection of untreated wood exposed in very environments moist, causing increased permeability and softening on the surface From the wood. Bacterial decay is normally a process extremely slow, but it can become serious in situations where the Untreated wood is submerged for long periods.

Fungi are simple organisms that use the Wood as a food source. They move through the wood like a net microscopic that grow through the holes or directly penetrating the wood cell wall. The hyphae produce enzymes that degrade the cellulose, hemicellulose, or lignin that absorbs degraded material to End the disintegration process. Once the fungus gets a Enough amount of wood energy, produces a fruiting body sexual or asexual to distribute reproductive spores that can invade other woods

Insects are among the most common organisms on earth, and many of its species possess the ability to use the wood for shelter or food. Of the 26 orders of insects, 6 cause damage to timber. Termites (Isoptera), beetles (Coleoptera), bees, wasps, and ants (hymenoptera) are the primary causes of most of the destruction in the wood. There are 2,000 species of termites that are distributed in areas where the annual average temperature is 10 ° C or higher.

In short, the practice of many years of manufacturing and use of terrazzo pavements; of prefabricated plaster parts, plaster, perlite; fibro-cement plates; chipboard boards (sawdust) of wood, has found that conventional materials without the addition of biocidal agents, and in some insecticide products, are subjected to action of microorganisms and insects, which can be summarized as:

 · Growth of microorganism colonies

 · Generation of bad smells and stains

 · Insect incubation and its consequences

 · An increased risk of infections and pathologies, especially in hospitals and other sites, not excluding homes that in Weather dependence can also be revealed as significant.

Therefore, there is a need to provide materials that combine the superior physical-mechanical properties of the fibers of polymers and those of plant origin with superior biocidal activity for action on a significant number of microorganisms and insects that affect in practice to the terraces, plates, covers, boards, especially in Contaminated and aggressive environments.

It is important to note that materials of this type they will have a significant sanitary impact on the manufacturing of Terrazos, Prefabricated parts of plaster, plaster, perlite with biocidal properties; and of Fibro-cement plates and chipboard boards with biocidal properties and insecticides

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

COMPOUNDS WITH BIOCIDE ACTIVITY AND PLASTIC FIBERS USED IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF TERRACES AND PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS OF THE BUILDING

Biocides : according to the present invention the compounds in some cases are added directly to the compositions of the prefabricated elements, in others they can be previously mixed with the polymeric fibers. In order to achieve the inhibition of the growth of the majority of bacteria, fungi and yeasts, and to be able to increase and modify their selectivity, various compounds have been used that adjust to the biological demands depending on the territorial and geographical conditions.

Among the biocidal compounds involved in formulations of the invention in a variable proportion may be mentioned salts of zinc oxide, copper oxide, trietanol, triazine, pyridine, and organic compounds containing metal ion carrier groups, more usually silver and copper. According to the present invention, it is used preferably the mixture of 2,2 ', 2 (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-tri-yl) trietanol with 2-pyridethanol -1-sodium oxide. These compounds are characterized by inhibiting growth of bacterial and fungal colonies, gram + and spectrum bacteria gram-. They are added in amounts of 0.02-10%, and preferably 0.02 to 0.10% of bactericidal compounds

Insecticides : According to the operating conditions, the present invention proposes its use in the manufacture of fibro-cement plates and chipboard to achieve insecticidal and repellent properties. Preferably, they are selected from the family of pyrethroid compounds, such as permethrin, deltamethrin, aletrine, fenvalerate, fluvalinate, and products with trade names Ciflutrin, Biphentrine, Fenpropatrin, Resmethrin, Sumitrian, Sphevalerate, Cypermethrin, Lambda-Cimetrothrintrine, Tetrinatrine, Tetratrintrine, .Added in amounts of 0.01 to 0.10%, and preferably 0.02 to 0.06% of insecticidal compounds

Plastic fibers : Polymeric fibers provide structural reinforcement to the resulting material. The fibers according to the present invention among others may be those of propylene and polyesters, and glass fibers. Preferably, the polypropylene fibers and their copolymers are those that provide the best results.The characteristics of the polymer fibers can be varied at will, depending on the particular case, varying the type of polypropylene, and alternatively using copolymers of propylene and other olefins . They can be pre-mixed with biocides and insecticides, in the form of a liquid suspension or directly in powder form. They are added in amounts of 0.02 to 10%, and preferably 0.02 to 1.0% of the dry mass.

Preferred physical characteristics of the fibers polypropylene

- Polypropylene:	80-100%
- Fiber length:	6 - 19 mm
- Fiber diameter:	30-32 micrometers
- Density:	0.90-0.92 g / cm3.
- Fiber frequency, approx .:	100-1022 mine / kg.
- Elongation at break:	80-140%.
- Melting point:	163 - 170 ° C

NATURAL OR SYNTHETIC PIGMENTS

The raw material once mixed is ready to combine it with the different natural or synthetic pigments intended for Obtaining the different desired designs.

Example of a frequently used pigment - Extra Red Oxide

features	Standard Value	Analysis method
Fe2O3	84.00%	ISO DIS 1248
SiO2	5.01%	ISO DIS 1248
CaO	2.28%	ISO DIS 1248
MgO	2.00%	ISO DIS 1248
Mn	0.06%	ISO DIS 1248
Al2O3	2.50%	ISO DIS 1248
S	0.05%	ISO DIS 1248
P	0.03%	ISO DIS 1248
Soluble salts	0.13%	ISO 787
Lost calcination	7.00%	ISO 787
Oil absorption	15.60 g / 100 g	ISO 787
Coloring Power	68%	ISO 787
PH value	8	ISO 787
Opacity	97%	ISO 787
Density	4,397 g / cm3	ISO 787

TERRACE TYPE PAVEMENTS

A) MANUFACTURE OF DETERRAZOSPARA SANITARY USE AND DECORATIVE.

The present invention seeks through the addition of polypropylene fibers with bactericides in a manufacturing process pavements, make these have biocidal properties without varying fundamentally the aesthetics, or the functionality of a material that should comply with regulations approved in the market. This, without recourse to the addition of chemicals for the prevention of infections that as a rule they will appear in biologically aggressive environments, either by operating characteristics of the premises where they have been applied (use in health centers, hospitals, etc.), or even on their own climatological characteristics of the environment (subtropical and tropical climate with high temperatures and relative humidity, marine climate, etc.). The present invention is applicable and constitutes a biocidal solution pathway that may be introduce in almost all pavement manufacturing processes of the types Terrazzo, continuous and continuous terrazzo with epoxy, monolayer terrazzo and marble compact, micro cement and other floors of sanitary interest or decorative.

Such terracing biocides object of the present Invention consist of the following properties:

- improve the hygiene of the places where they have been applied

- inhibit long-term growth of colonies of bacteria and fungi inside the pavement

- reduce bad odors derived from decomposition of the organic matter absorbed inside the pavement

- prevent formation inside the pavement of the acidic decomposition compounds of said organic matter

Raw materials used:

- Selected aggregates - marble, granite and limestone: The manufacturing process is based on selected aggregates of marble, granite and limestone, etc., of varying size comprising grains between 0.2 and 40 mm approximately according to the type of termination and use designated . Additionally, - siliceous sands and fillings.

- Non-stone elements : aggregates are used in combination with non-stone elements such as glass and other hard elements produced by domestic and industrial recycling, which, like stone, are classified by different sieves, crushing the material to the necessary sizes and even washing, according to the intended use in the manufacture of the types of pavement in slab or continuous.

Cement Features

specs	EMC II / BM (V-LL) 42.5 R
	UNE IN 197-1: 2000
Components:	Concentration:
Clinker	65 to 79%
Siliceous fly ash and Limestone LL	21 to 35%
Minority components
	0 to 5%
Chemical characteristics:	Concentration:
Sulfuric Anhydride (SO3)	≤4.0%
Chlorides (Cl)	≤0.1%
Physical Characteristics	Levels
Setting principle	≥60 minutes
Le Chatelier Expansion	≤10 mm
Compressive strengths
2 days	≥20.0 MPa
28 days	≥42.5 MPa
	≤62.5 MPa

B) MANUFACTURE OF TERRACE Slabs

Stages of its elaboration:

- Adding cement : The cement - water ratio is chosen according to the regulations, or specific use to its use. Kneading water is understood as the amount of total water contained in the fresh concrete. This amount is used to calculate the water / cement ratio (A / C).

Kneading water is composed of:

Water added to the mixture.

Surface moisture of aggregates

An amount of water from the additives.

Kneading water has a double function in the concrete technology: on the one hand it allows the hydration of the cement, and by the other is indispensable to ensure ease of handling and good concrete compaction.

- Kneading : the kneading process is carried out with all the raw material selected in a kneader, for example with a horizontal double axis until it has a homogeneous mixture.

- Addition of fibers and biocides : In the kneading process, in an industrial kneader, in which a homogeneous mixture is obtained and where the fibers of the polymer and biocide are added directly or suspended in a specific liquid medium, or in Mix with powders. The proportion usually effective is determined depending on the type of components used, generally ranges from 0.02-10.0% of fibers and 0.02-10.0% of bactericidal compounds based on the total weight of the dough.

- Molding : Subsequently, the mass obtained with the polymer and bactericide incorporated is introduced into molds and by careful vibration the material of the agglomerated mass is brought to its final distribution. We can summarize the characteristics of the molding process as:

Vibration time: what time of Vibration is the most appropriate, since it depends on the dosage used, the paste fluidity, aggregate type, cement type, ratio cement / marble dust, etc.

Pressing time: depends on the tile format manufactured, and is directly proportional to the thickness of it. In such a way that thick tiles need a compaction time (pressing) greater than those of normal thickness. Insufficiently pressed tiles They have low mechanical resistance.

Pressing pressure: employment is always recommended of presses that have double pressing, since in this way not only ensures adequate compaction of it, but also get the Higher resistance. The first pressing is usually done at a pressure of about 80 kg / cm2 and the second around 200 kg / cm2. At the time of Pressing proceeds to the absorption of excess water through filters introduced into the pressing plate by driving it through a circuit for its subsequent recovery and use, a mold is placed in the pressing mold slotted decorative print for outdoor flooring.

- Curing (setting) and subsequent treatment :

The setting of terrazzo tiles is an aspect as important as it is in any other cement derivative. Is very important to ensure optimal curing conditions avoiding as much as possible abrupt variations in temperature, low ambient humidity and currents of air.

- Polishing process : it is carried out in the factory based on successive steps with diamond tools, or by finishing with a printed mold for outdoor flooring.

After curing of the slabs at a controlled temperature, the calibration and polishing process will be completed .

C) PREPARATION OF CONTINUOUS PAVEMENTS

Preparation and curing of the pavement : On continuous pavements, during the kneading step, the operation of pouring the fiber and the biocide to the prepared dough is carried out. After a suitable final kneading, the kneaded dough is poured on the support prepared on site, extended, leveled, compacted and the occluded air is removed either with a barbed roller or with a mechanical finish type electric grinder, at which is then left for a convenient curing with film-forming liquids. Optionally, the resulting layer can be covered with a textile material to avoid its sudden drying and the possible appearance of fissures due to shrinkage, rapid water loss or surface drying:

Cured film-forming products are those that, applied on the surface of the fresh concrete, they form a continuous membrane which reduces moisture loss during the first hardening period, while reducing the temperature rise of the concrete exposed to the sun's rays, due to the clear pigmentation of the membrane. The products Filmogens in general will be liquid compounds, paint type, consisting of a base and a volatile solvent, which in no case will produce harmful effects on the concrete

- Polishing : Finally, after controlled curing, the terrazzo material goes into the operation of polishing in superfluous phases with a diamond tool until the desired finish is achieved.

With the general procedure described above, Liquid fiber suspension and biocide can be introduced into almost all the manufacturing processes of the types of terrazzo, continuous terrazzo and continuous with epoxy, monolayer terrazzo and compact marble, and others.

PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS BIOCIDES E INSECTICIDES

Various inventions have been developed in the present invention prefabricated elements for different applications to which the polymeric fibers and the compounds that confer their biocidal properties and insecticides

Polymeric fibers and biocidal compounds are those described for the terrazzo formulation. The difference is made up the use in fibro-cement plates and chipboard boards insecticides that generally also have repellent properties.

The insecticides are preferably selected from the family of synthetic pyrethroid compounds, such as permethrin, deltamethrin, aletrine , fenvalerate, fluvalinate, and products with trade names Ciflutrin, Biphentrine, Fenpropatrin, Resmethrin, Sumitrian, Permethrin, Sphevaletrine, Cipermetrine, Cipermethrin, Cipermethrin, Cipermethrin, Cipermethrin, Cipermetrine, Lambdatrine Tetramethrin and Tralometrine.

A) PREFABRICATED PARTS OF ESCAYOLA, YESO, PERLITA.

According to the present invention, the prefabricated parts developed from plaster, plaster, perlite find their use as plaques for roofs and walls as a covering and covers of installations preferably of air conditioners and areas of difficult bacteriological decontamination. It is well known the affectation that may eventually experience the installations of air conditioning by biological contamination such as fungi or bacteria that reproduce easily in filters, refrigeration units or insulating panels of the pipes because in them they find ideal conditions of humidity, temperature and nutrients that favor its growth. Thus, the Sick Building Syndrome (SEE) has been defined, some of the manifestations of the SEE are eye stinging, dry skin, nasal congestion, hoarseness. Even more severe diseases have been described: hypersensitivity pneumonitis, humidifier fever, asthma, chronic rhinitis, dermatitis. Exceptionally, but with a very serious nature, the dreaded Legionellosis may appear.

They are also used for vertical walls with addition of polymeric fibers to use their reinforcing properties structural in addition to the effect of the added biocide.

The incorporation of fibers and bactericides is carried out preferably with a proportion of fibers comprising from 0.3 to 10 g per kilo (<1.0%), taking into account that higher proportions frequently they would cause high mass density which would make handling difficult of the product. In general, typical values are between 0.005-0.40% of Bactericidal compounds and groups, from 0.01 to 0.10% of fibers.

The preparation is done by adding the biocide and polymeric fibers to the dough, using an orbital concrete mixer for kneading, or also a monojet PFT bag mixer, for pouring into metal, rubber or silicone molds. The filling is done, performing a manual or mechanical vibration, eliminating excess material, and then pressing. Subsequently, curing, stacking and drying takes place within suitable temperature and humidity ranges that are previously determined for each type of prefabricated parts in particular.

B) BIOCIDES AND INSECTICIDES DEVELOPED PLATES A STARTING FIBER-CEMENT

According to the present invention, the prefabricated elements developed have binding characteristics, consisting of the components of the stone binders type, such as gypsum, lime, magnesia, etc .; hydraulic binders such as cement, hydraulic lime, concrete, hydraulic tile; and organic binders of the type of resin and bituminous resins.

The developed elements are destined to the preparation of smooth profile plates mostly composed of fibers minerals and vegetables, such as cork and cellulose, pine, cork oak, eucalyptus and coconut bark and other elements that start from the possibility provided by the existence of a local recycling process, all bathed in resins. The Cement addition is done depending on the resistance you want get, usually up to 25-30%.

The plates can be used to perform roofs, vertical walls and roof coverings for their qualities flame retardants and antimicrobials Particular compositions are selected in dependence on the desired physical and insulation physical properties. its Indoor use has proven successful. Outside at present utilization is pending long-term trials currently underway for the determination of its useful life in contact with the elements Weather

The manufacturing of the plates is done by a process continuous, in which the panels are usually manufactured on sheet metal 5 mm thick steel where the concrete is compacted in an extruder. After the extrusion if necessary the panels are cut according to the desired size, just during the manufacture of the plates is that the fibers are added of propylene, the biocides, in a 10 to 2000 g of biocide with a wide range of activity, and insecticides depending on the intended use.

Depending on the conditions of use the plates are they can add certain amounts of an insecticide together with the biocide repellent. In general, typical values are between 0.01-0.40% of Bactericidal compounds and groups, from 0.01 to 0.10% of polymeric fibers and 0.01-0.06% insecticidal compounds. The pigment is added in this phase of the manufacturing so that the color obtained has great durability.

C) BOARDS AGLOMERATED WITH BIOCID PROPERTIES AND INSECTICIDES

According to the present invention they can be made boards with biocidal properties and insecticides for coating providing an insulating, antimicrobial, and insecticidal aesthetic quality and repellent, from recycled materials and forest use. The agglomerates of plant origin: they have been made based on the addition of Bactericidal and insecticidal compounds to wood chip conglomerates untreated, preferably pine, cork oak, eucalyptus; cellulose of medium or light density; cork and crushed particles of coconut bark, conglomerates all of which have different vegetable fibers characteristics, being destined to the manufacture of boards of different density and thicknesses. They are used as roof coverings, as covers of air conditioning installations, walls and floors on fixed supports whether brick walls, mortar plasters mastered. Too find a decorative use in interiors of buildings, screwed on the guides or battens as tables for solid pallets or Traditional

The boards are made of fibrous elements in different progressive granulometries to facilitate dry extrusion and a binder based on synthetic resins, or on the contrary of wet woods under high pressure and temperature to bond the fibers, using the same natural resins contained in wood materials. Later visible faces are sanded according to the desired finish.

Polymeric fibers, and biocides and fungicides typically they are added together in the manufacturing process during the stage kneading before extrusion. In general typical values are found between 0.005-0.40% of compounds and bactericidal groups, from 0.01 to 0.10% of polymeric fibers and 0.01-0.06% insecticidal compounds

According to the present invention the adhesives used they depend on the use to which the type of boards is intended; it is possible to use mainly epoxy resins, or lasaminorresins, urea-formaldehyde and melanin-formaldehyde, as adhesives to make chipboard and plywood. For the panels according to the present invention, the agglomerates of plant fibers and a small amount of polymeric fibers and biocide are employs an epoxy resin, which gives a certain rigidity to the insulator.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

To complement the description of this invention and in order to facilitate the understanding of its characteristics, it is described to then a preferred embodiment of the invention based on the following accompanying figures:

Figure 1 are two photos of the growth inhibition halo of the Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213 strain

Figure 2 are two photos of the growth inhibition halo of the Escherichia coli strain ATCC 25922

Figure 3 is a photo of the growth inhibition halo of the strain Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853

Figure 4 is a photo of the halo of growth inhibition of Enterobacter aeriogenes strain

Figure 5 are two photos of the growth inhibition halo of the methicillin- resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (MRSA).

Figure 6 is a photo of the growth inhibition halo of the Candida albicans strain

Figure 7 is a photo of the growth inhibition halo of the Escherichia coli BLEE strain

PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

1.-BIOCIDES PROPERTY TEST

Biocidal compounds and insecticides

As a biocidal compound, the mixture of two was used compounds 2,2 ', 2 (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-tri-yl) trietanol and 2-pyridethanol -1-sodium oxide.

As an insecticide and insect repellent, a low-risk pyrethroid concentrate, ectoparasiticide was used, based on water with an active principle derived from cypermethrin and acting with a direct toxic action and an indirect repellent on lepidoptera, beetles, hemiptera and other orders Of agricultural importance.

The method used for evaluation was diffusion according to the Disc-Plate Antibiogram Method . The Disco-Plate Antibiogram is based on the work of Bauer , Kirby et al. and is one of the methods that the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) recommends for the determination of bacterial sensitivity to antimicrobial compounds

I. Modeled terraze leaching

A 20 mm monolayer terrazzo sample was tested thick, formulated with white cement and aggregate of marble aggregates and glass and to which it is added for biocide analysis according to the present invention the mixture of two compounds 2,2 ', 2 (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-tri-yl) trietanol and 2-pyridethanol -1-sodium oxide.

In order to obtain by incubation of microorganisms an area of inhibition on the terrazzo. The analysis by incubation samples were prepared from the same terrazzo and dimensions 25x25 mm and 5 mm thick

II.Background of the trial Antibiogram method disk-plate)

The disc-plate antibiogram method of Bauer, Kirby et al. Was adapted , replacing the blotted paper discs impregnated with antibiotic with the 25x25 mm and 5 mm thick antimicrobial terrazzo samples.

The disk-plate antibiogram is one of the methods that the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (NCCLS) recommends for the determination of bacterial sensitivity to antimicrobial compounds.

The disk-plate antibiogram consists of depositing, on the agar surface of a Petri dish previously inoculated with the microorganism, blotting paper discs impregnated with the different antibiotics. As soon as the antibiotic impregnated disc is brought into contact with the wet surface of the agar, the filter absorbs water and the antibiotic diffuses into the agar. The antibiotic diffuses radially through the thickness of the agar from the disk forming a concentration gradient. After 18-24 hours of incubation, the discs appear surrounded by a zone of inhibition. The antibiotic concentration at the interface between growing bacteria and inhibited bacteria is known as critical concentration and approximates the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained by dilution methods. There are, therefore, inhibition diameters, expressed in mm, standardized for each antimicrobial.

iii. materials

Culture medium

1. Mueller-Hinton agar is used for gram-negative bacteria and Staphylococcus.

2. Mueller-Hinton blood is used for Enterococcus .

3. Saboureaud dextrose agar is used for Candida albicans .

Reference strains used to test the Terrazzo antimicrobial activity:

1. Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213: strain recommended for the control of antimicrobials used against gram-positive bacteria.

2. Escherichia coli ATCC 25922: strain recommended for the control of used against gram-negative bacteria

3. Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853: strain recommended for the control of antimicrobials used against gram-negative bacteria and particularly with aminoglycosides.

Other microorganisms tested - bacterial strains and yeasts of clinical origin:

1. Enterobacter aerogens

2. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)

3. Candida albicans

4. Escherichia coli BLEE

iv. Methods

For the determination of antimicrobial activity of terrazzo against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria we use the following procedure:

1. Preparation of inoculum. From a plate of culture from 18 to 24 hours take several colonies with a handle and adjust the inoculum at a turbidity equivalent to 0.1 of the MacFarland 0.1 scale in water distilled Shake on a 'vortex' shaker for 15-20 seconds, to dilutions are made to 1/10 and 1/100 in distilled water sterile.

2. Inoculation of the plates. Before 15 minutes after adjusting the inoculum, proceed to inoculate the Mueller-Hinton plates with 100μL of the bacterial suspension completely, without leaving any free zone. This is achieved by sliding the swab down the agar surface three times, rotating the plate about 60 ° each time and passing it Finally, by the periphery of the agar to achieve a uniform planting. Leave dry 3 to 5 minutes before depositing terrazzo mini-tiles antimicrobial

3. Incubation of the plates. The plates are incubated inverted (top agar), in groups not exceeding 5 plates, to 35 ° C in an aerobic atmosphere before 15 minutes have elapsed. Period of incubation: 16-18 hours.

4. Reading the results. At 18 hours of incubation the halos of bacterial growth inhibition are observed Around the tile.

The results obtained are shown in Figures 1-7, in which it is appreciated for all the bacteria tested Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Enterobacter aeriogenes , Staphylococcus aureus MRSA, Candida albicans and Escherichia coliLELELEi BLEE , a visible halo of major or minor inhibition, corresponding to the inhibition of the growth of said bacteria by the terrazzo biocidal sample of the invention.

2-CHARACTERISTICS OF THE FIBERS EMPLOYED

Characteristics of polypropylene fibers employed:

Polypropylene	100%
Fiber length	19 mm
Number of fibers	90 million / m3
Fiber type	Multifilaments
Specific gravity	0.9
Density	48.5 kg / m3
Color	natural
Absorption	Zero
Tensile strength	5,626 kg / cm2
Modulus of elasticity	38,690 kg / cm2
ignition point	590 ° C
Melting point	160 ° C-163 ° C
Thermal conductivity	Low
Electric conductivity	Low
Salinity resistance	high
Acid resistance	high

3.-REALIZATION No. 1-PREPARATION OF TERRACE TILES

A terrazzo for slabs was prepared with the following ratios per 1000 kg of total mixture:

Cement class: CEM II / BM (V-LL) 42.5 R	168 kg
Limestone fragmented and screened, grain 5-35 mm	340 kg
0.2 arena	200 kg
Marble fragmented powder, screened and washed, 5-10 mm	98 kg
Pigment type A, Red oxide	4 kg
Water	189.3 kg
Polypropylene fibers	0.4 kg
Biocide	0.3 kg
Total	1000 kg

Polypropylene polymer fibers were added in the form of a liquid suspension to prefabricated terraces during the kneading process, at the time a homogeneous mixture of Kneading The biocide used was the mixture of two compounds:

- 2,2 ', 2 (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-tri-yl) trietanol and

- 2- pyridethanol -1-sodium oxide.

Subsequently, the slab molding operation was performed. The mass with the polymeric fibers and the biocide was introduced into the molds by means of the Longinotti Meccanica installation, model MS K354. A careful vibration was carried out bringing the material of the agglomerated mass to its ideal distribution. For this, the vibration was applied in the early stages, the water behavior of the mixture through the filter system was carefully taken care of, until the final stable temperature rise of 18 to 20 ° C.

4.-REALIZATION No. 2-PREPARATION OF CONTINUOUS DETERRAZE.

A terrazzo was prepared for continuous pavement with minor modifications of the components with respect to embodiment No. 1, with the following ratios per 1000 kg of total mixture:

Cement class CEM II / BM (V-LL) 42.5 R	180 kg
Sand	175 kg
Limestone fragmented and screened 6-12 mm	400 kg
Fragmented granite, screening and washing 0.4-12 mm	145.3 kg
Pigment type B Green, (dichromium trioxide)	5 kg
Water	140 lt
Polymeric fibers	0.5 kg
Biocide	0.2 kg
Total	1000

The biocide used was the same mixture of the two compounds:

 - 2,2 ', 2 (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-tri-yl) trietanol and

- 2- pyridethanol -1-sodium oxide.

The results of embodiments 1 and 2 were compared with a pavement control in the form of prepared slabs, but without the use of fibers and biocide. The evident and significant damage caused in the control by these three microorganisms was appreciated. The terrazzo slabs prepared according to embodiments No. 1 and No. 2 successfully passed the tests in practice. Thus, it has been established that the introduction of polypropylene and biocide fibers into the terrazzo compositions of the present invention, duly combined the components together, create or give rise to a protection zone or barrier, which guarantees the obtaining of results. highly satisfactory in relation to the degree of stability, quality and period of exploitation of the obtained terraces.

5.-REALIZATION No. 3-PREFABRICATED ELEMENTS

The biocide used in embodiment No. 3 was the same as that of embodiments No. 1-2, that is, the mixture of compounds:

 - 2,2 ', 2 (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-tri-yl) trietanol and

 - 2- pyridethanol -1-sodium oxide.

The repellent insecticide has been unpiretroidesynthetic - Cypermethrin , which acts with a direct toxic action and an indirect repellent on lepidoptera, beetles, hemiptera and other orders

a) Prefabricated parts of plaster, plaster, perlite for ceilings and walls

Prefabricated plaster parts were prepared with biocidal properties They were tested as prefabricated parts for roofs and walls with incorporation of fibers with biocidal properties at 0.007%.

The addition was made from the raw material in The following proportion of:

Prefabricated Composition

Component	Quantity kg
Cast	50.00
Water	11.00
Polymer fiber	0.05
Biocide	0.04
Total	61.05

An orbital concrete mixer was used for kneading, the mixture was poured into place by pouring it using a bag mixer PFT monojet type equipped with a mechanical whisk with a rotation of 100 to 800 rpm, using a quantity of water between 22-11% of water depending on the desired consistency until a homogeneous, soft, plastic and lump free. It was poured into metal molds, imparting a mechanical vibration, with which excess material was eliminated. TO Then the pieces were pressed.

The pieces were subsequently cured, stacked and they dried, in two alternative ways:

in ambient conditions of one of the cars also intended for transport, or

in ovens where its temperature is increased from 5-20ºC to 40-80ºC, repeating this cycle once more. In this way an accelerated and uniform drying was achieved.

The thickness of the pieces remained between 12-16 mm

The results of accelerated tests in chamber of UV have been satisfactory not showing growth of bacteria during a period of time equivalent to 20 years.

b) Biocidal plates and insecticides of asbestos cement

Plain profile plates were prepared for walls vertical and coatings detecho.

Composition of the plates

Component	Quantity kg
Cementclass CEM II / B-M (V-LL) 42.5 R	60.00
Marmolina, granulometry 1 mm	25.00
Pine sawdust, fraction 0.05 to 0.1 mm	35.00
Pine sawdust, fraction 0.1 to 1 mm	35.00
Recycled pine chip **, up to 5 mm	50.00
Polypropylene Fibers *	1.00
Biocide	0.20
Repellent Insecticide ***	0.10
Phenol-formaldehyde binder resin	58.00
Total	214.30

* - Monofilament: length 12 mm, diameter 32 µm and density of 0.91 g / cm3.

** - Recycled untreated pine wood, fraction up to 5 mm in length

*** - Depending on the conditions of use, it they can add certain amounts of a repellent insecticide to the plates, along with the biocide.

In its manufacture the different components are added during the previous kneading process. Due to the conditions intended for use, certain plates were added together with the biocide amounts of an insecticide repellent, unpiretroidesynthetic - the Cypermethrin, which acts with a direct toxic action and an indirect one of repellency on lepidoptera, beetles, hemiptera and other orders.

The manufacture of smooth profile plates is made by Acotec technology by which the plates were manufactured on 5 mm thick steel sheets. The mixture was compacted in an extruder and after extrusion the panels were cut according to the measure of 60x60 cm.

The smooth profile plates were applied both in vertical walls as in roof coverings. The results of the trials in practice have been satisfactory not showing growth of bacteria

c) Biocidal agglomerated boards and insecticides of vegetal fibers

Medium density agglomerated boards were prepared of wood residues of pine and eucalyptus, with both smooth faces and They manufactured by a dry process. You can work as if it were solid wood and receive the paints well. They were manufactured from their fibrous elements in progressive granulometries from 3 mm to 32 mm for facilitate dry extrusion. An epoxy resin binder was used to join the fibers, and the visible faces were sanded according to the finish wanted.

In its manufacture the different components are added during the kneading process prior to extrusion:

- Polypropylene polymer fibers,

 - Biocide, 2,2´, 2- (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-tri-yl) trietanol + 2-pyridethanol - 1-sodium oxide,

- Cimetrine insecticide

Due to the intended conditions of use, the plates were added along with the biocide certain amounts of the Insecticide repellent of the previous point, the pyrethroidsynthetic - the Cypermethrin, which acts with a direct toxic action and an indirect one of repellency on lepidoptera, beetles, hemiptera and other orders.

Board Composition

Component	Quantity kg
pine and eucalyptus waste	143.20
Polypropylene fiber	0.18
Epoxy resin	45.00
Biocide	0.54 or 0.28%
Insecticide	0.02 or 0.01%
Additive	0.90
Total	189.84

The manufacturing was carried out according to the technology of GmbH Anthon, in a machinery and equipment: Schäferweg 5 D-24941 Flensburg.

The results obtained have been satisfactory both in its handling and duration.

Although the terraces, terraces continuous and continuous with epoxy, single layer terraces; as well as the prefabricated plaster parts and plaster, fibro-cement plates and chipboard boards with properties Biocides and insecticides of the present invention have been described in the examples of three preferred embodiments, showing more frequent intervals of concentrations of components, materials, mixing procedures and characteristic curing, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that they can make modifications of form, materials and preparation details and manufacturing without departing from the scope of the invention, as claimed by continuation

Claims (1)

1.- Terrazzo with biocidal and insecticidal properties characterized in that its composition consists of aggregates such as marble, granite and limestone; Siliceous sands and other fillings; of non-stone elements such as glass and other hard elements; cement; natural or synthetic pigments; and because it consists of 0.02 to 10% of polymeric fibers with the addition of 0.02 to 10% of bactericidal compounds in the weight of the final dry mixture; and of the water necessary for the final consistency of the mixture.

2. Terrazzo with biocidal and insecticidal properties according to claim 1 characterized in that said bactericidal compounds are selected from zinc oxide, trietanol, copper oxide, triazine, pyridine and sodium oxide, silver ions and, preferably the mixture of 2, 2 ', 2 (hexahydro-1,3,5-triazine-1,3,5-tri-yl) trietanol and 2-pyridethanol -1-sodium oxide, which inhibit the growth of bacteria and fungal colonies of the gram + spectrum and gram-.

3. Terrazzo with biocidal and insecticidal properties according to claim 1 characterized in that said polymeric fibers preferably comprise polypropylene and / or copolymers of propylene and other normal olefins; wherein said polymeric fibers have a polypropylene content between 80-100%, a fiber length between 6-19 mm, a fiber diameter between 30-32 micrometers, a density between 0.90-0.92 g / cm3, a fiber frequency of approx. 100-1022 mio / kg, an elongation at break between 80 - 140%, and a melting point between 163 - 170 ° C.

4.- Terrazzo with biocidal and insecticidal properties according to claim 1, for use in the production of terrazzo, terrazzo continuous and continuous with added epoxy resin, monolayer terrazzo and marble compact; micro cement and other soils of sanitary interest or decorative.

5.- Prefabricated plaster and plaster parts for ceilings and walls; fibro-cement plates with exterior and interior lining of ceilings, walls and floors; and agglomerated boards with biocidal and insecticidal properties characterized by the composition of said prefabricated parts for ceilings and walls; outer and inner lining fibro-cement plates; and agglomerated boards are added 0.005-0.60% of bactericidal compounds, from 0.01 to 0.10% of polymeric fibers and 0.01-0.10% insecticidal compounds.

6.- Fibro-cement plates with exterior and interior lining of ceilings, walls and floors; and agglomerated boards with biocidal and insecticidal properties according to claim 5 characterized in that said insecticidal compounds are selected from the family of pyrethroid synthetic compounds, such as permethrin, deltamethrin, aletrin, fenvalerate, fluvalinate, and the commercial products Ciflutrin, Biphentrine, Fenpropatrin, Resmethrin Sumitrína, Esfenvalerato, Cypermetrína, Lambda-cihalotrina, Teflutrina, Tetrametrina and Tralometrina.

7.- Prefabricated parts for ceilings and walls; fibro-cement plates with exterior and interior lining of ceilings, walls and floors; and agglomerated boards with biocidal and insecticidal properties according to claim 5 characterized in that said compounds and bactericidal groups according to claim 2, said polymeric fibers according to claim 3 and said insecticidal compounds according to claim 6.

8. Prefabricated parts for roof, wall and roof coverings with biocidal and insecticidal properties according to claim 5 characterized in that the composition of said prefabricated parts comprises plaster, plaster and perlite.

9. Fibro-cement plates for making roofs, and wall coverings with biocidal and insecticidal properties according to claim 5 characterized in that the composition of said fibro-cement plates consists of stone binders, such as gypsum, lime, magnesia; hydraulic binders up to 30% cement, hydraulic lime, arlite, concrete, or hydraulic tile; vegetable fibers, such as cork, cellulose, pine, cork oak, eucalyptus and coconut bark; and organic binders such as epoxy and bituminous resins.

10. Agglomerated boards for the aesthetic and insulating coating of walls, ceilings and floors with biocidal and insecticidal properties according to claim 5 characterized in that the composition of said agglomerated boards consists of conglomerates of vegetable fibers of untreated pine wood chips, cork oak eucalyptus; medium or light density cellulose; cork; and crushed particles of coconut bark, all of which are vegetable fibers.

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