WO2011100885A1 - Procédé pour obtenir des sources d'énergie renouvelable à partir de chaleur résiduelle - Google Patents

Procédé pour obtenir des sources d'énergie renouvelable à partir de chaleur résiduelle Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011100885A1
WO2011100885A1 PCT/CN2011/000260 CN2011000260W WO2011100885A1 WO 2011100885 A1 WO2011100885 A1 WO 2011100885A1 CN 2011000260 W CN2011000260 W CN 2011000260W WO 2011100885 A1 WO2011100885 A1 WO 2011100885A1
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heat
entropy
energy
law
work
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PCT/CN2011/000260
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
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许志治
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Xu Zhizhi
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Priority claimed from CN2010101278162A external-priority patent/CN101902177A/zh
Application filed by Xu Zhizhi filed Critical Xu Zhizhi
Publication of WO2011100885A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011100885A1/fr

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
    • F01K27/00—Plants for converting heat or fluid energy into mechanical energy, not otherwise provided for

Definitions

  • the invention relates to renewable energy sources. Background technique
  • Heating is the main source of energy for humans. "China's energy structure accounts for 90%, and other developed countries account for 85%. Therefore, in a sense, the development and utilization of energy is largely the development and utilization of thermal energy.” [Note 3] Enriched and heated [Note 4], it can become a future star of renewable energy. This is because the "biofuels” that were originally hotly debated have been suspended from planting by the United Nations, Africa, the United Kingdom, and the United States because of the suspicion of "competing food with the people.” Nuclear energy that many countries yearn for also loses their appeal because of safety, nuclear waste, and the inversion of input and output [Note 5]. In contrast, the heat that gets a few electricity is a multiple of the direct electric heating equivalent.
  • waste heat such as air and surface water (river, lake, sea and sea). It is particularly pointed out that this waste heat is not the waste heat of power plants and steel plants. Use, but environmental waste heat without temperature difference with the surrounding environment. "Getting heat from the sputum” is rooted in the circulation of heat demand. It not only has no gas pollution, but also absorbs hot dirt. It is an energy model that is comparable in function to plants and absorbs the heat of the earth. It has neither exhausted nor The waste of commission, the economic feasibility of investing in the year, should be the fundamental long-term solution for human thermal demand.
  • Kano's hypothetical working fluid is an ideal gas with no force between the molecules.
  • the heating effect of the heat pump is precisely due to the gravitational existence between the working medium molecules.
  • the gravitational force acts between the molecules. Condensed into droplets, the degree of freedom changes and the phase change is exothermic, which gives us a "regeneration heat".
  • the result is better than the "ideal" inverse Carnot cycle (see a'dcba' cycle ratio inverse in Figure 1).
  • Card Connaught cycle adcba saves the area of aba'-block work, the real gas is used as the evaporation process of the refrigerant, the heat absorbed by the isothermal expansion of the Carnot cycle is much higher (poor heat of vaporization), because there are Gravity, the phase change heat release during liquefaction, and the more Joule heat obtained by the simple compression of the ideal gas, let us see that the effect of the real gas exceeds the result of the "ideal" gas. This result has great theoretical significance.
  • the phenomenon of ignoring innocence and the negative temperature phenomenon, Xu Yelin's experiment [Note 16] are the same source, as detailed in the first section.
  • the Kano theory born in the thermal theory has four defects, and repositioning is inevitable.
  • the entropy increase law is based on the distribution of "power” and "maximum disorder” as the state law of the robbery. There is no objection to its wide application.
  • the state laws that exist at the same time are not limited to the principle of minimum potential energy, the velocity distribution is dominated by the bell-shaped curve, and the energy distribution is divided into the bottom of the law.
  • the atomic structure of all matter is 2n 2 rule. ... These are the laws of the state.
  • the first argument is a premise error
  • the second argument is that the logic error of Carnot's law is indeed wrong: the ideal heat engine not only requires the ideal to operate (reversible, frictionless assumptions guarantee the ideal of operation) but also the pattern ideal, the Carnot cycle
  • isothermal compression is used to make the working fluid return to the origin only on the surface.
  • the assumption of "infinite” cold source masks the consequences of entropy increase. "The outside world” does not.
  • the Carnot engine is not the most efficient and ideal heat engine. Only by removing the entropy increase process of "isothermal compression" in the cycle and replacing it with the entropy reduction process, can the real ideal heat engine be obtained.
  • the ideal heat engine for three-dimensional circulation will have higher efficiency, which is what Kano said. "The height is high, there is no middle school.” [Note 18] The height.
  • if there is a heat engine that exceeds the Carnot efficiency formula and the refrigerator there will be a phenomenon that violates the 'Kai’s expression' - a single heat source. In other words, it is possible to obtain "regeneration work" from the waste heat such as the air called Fu from the result of "joining".
  • thermoelectric engine that dominates the industrial revolution is only one of the "heat power conversion".
  • heat quality theory is abolished, it is because the idea of "heat mass falling” must have a temperature difference to work hard [Note 19], and it is still stored in "temperature difference thermodynamics", and its selling quality is heated by heating to obtain expansion.
  • the limitation of the cylinder the expansion proceeds in one direction and is ordered, and the work is obtained by intercepting the piston.
  • a traditional thermoelectric heat engine it can also be explained by the above-mentioned "interception”.
  • Kelvin's expression is not the same as other expressions and can be cut and separated.
  • Vs V should be a negative entropy process, although This process is obtained with the help of external work compression, but the energy required for work compression is released at the hot end with a lot of Joule heat. It is not because of the energy loss caused by the "negative entropy flow" that brings negative entropy.
  • the real gas is mainly caused by the attraction of gas molecules to a certain distance.
  • Kelvin's expression is not the same as other expressions, can be cut, separated
  • thermodynamics The second law of thermodynamics is developed as a study of the law of heat transfer. When people study this law, they understand the irreversible property of the development of things. It should be said that Krebs expression is an irreversible expression of heat conduction, only in the process of irreversibility. One, but it was quickly proved to be in communication with Kelvin. This section will explain the meaning of the same but it is not the same meaning, as Yan Jici said: "The thermodynamics like this refers to the science of studying all changes, the name of thermodynamics has been too narrow" [Note 22]
  • Kelvin expressing the law of thermal power conversion is the law within the true sense of thermodynamics: it contains the "single heat source can not work”, “the second type of perpetual motion impossible” and the efficiency formula It is the expression of the same intercommunication. Due to the challenge of experimental facts, its correctness needs to be studied again. The most controversial topic in history, it should be time to freeze, it is irreversible with a single process, including the single heat conduction process. Irreversible, can be cut and separated. They do not affect each other's new positioning.
  • Figure 6 The left picture is a logical diagram of the textbook view. A is irreversible, B is entropy law, C is Kelvin, D is Kelvin, and Figure 6 shows A is the same relationship with B, C, and D. .
  • Figure 6 The right picture shows our point of view: B belongs to A, B.
  • the two irreversible processes of E and C are the heat of heat and the heat of heat C, both of which are entropy increases in the irreversible process, and "irreversible"
  • the law of the universe is a subordinate relationship. It is a mistake to confuse the irreversible and entropy law, the Kline expression, and the Kelvin expression because it rejects the same irreversible, but it is another negative entropy process X.
  • Entropy increase and entropy reduction are two ways to describe "more chaotic” or “more orderly” in the case of neither zero nor maximal. Dynamic description. Entropy, entropy, and entropy are all conditional and each is born by power. It is an irresistible irreversible process.
  • Kelvin is the initiator of the "Kai's expression”. He still carefully puts the expression outside of "life” in the "thermal dynamic theory”. He said, “It is impossible to use the role of inanimate matter to cool any part of the material below the temperature of the coldest object around it to produce a mechanical effect," which is later called a single heat source. Kale’s statement. We believe that Kelvin defines the scope of expression as "inanimate” material. Although the style of study is prudent, it should not be bounded by life. Life is an orderly miracle. It stores the absorbed heat and light energy in the structure, and even Schrödinger profoundly says that "life is negative entropy.” The petrochemical resources that we used today are still the solar energy storage of the year.
  • the non-opening process can, should, and does exist.
  • the composition of the heat quality theory has two parts.
  • the heat quality was said to be abolished only by the fact that "the heat quality is not indestructible". Another important idea is that the "temperature difference can only work” has been preserved until now. The amount is determined by the “quality” in the temperature difference.
  • the word “quantity” is changed to "quantity”. "No cold, heat will be useless", the metaphor of waterfalls and turbines all reflect the idea of temperature difference, which is "we are orderly.”
  • the understanding of the nature of the interception is completely different. "The temperature difference can be done” is no mistake, but it is a mistake to regard it as the only one.
  • the Carnot mode can be a mode in the conversion of thermal power, but it is a mistake to regard it as the best. The two errors stem from the error. The understanding of the essence is wrong, and the logic is wrong. Let's open the dusty History, take a look at the shortcomings of Kano's theory.
  • Heat is a particle flow that does not produce weight in any process and does not disappear. "The degree of heat and cold of an object determines how much it contains heat.”
  • the work of the heat engine is the process of entropy reduction of a system, that is, a part of the system becomes disordered, and its essence is completely different from the waterfall.
  • the metaphorical heat engine has the same waterfall 100
  • Carnot heat engine is to change the volume of work, both in the case of the thermal expansion of the working medium to get "work", there is a problem of working fluid expansion.
  • the cd process of the Carnot cycle (Fig. 7) aims to solve the problem of expansion of the process.
  • Using the process of external work and isothermal compression to solve the problem it has indeed received the result of volume from c to d, but external work, cold source heat is a work heat, orderly change disorder entropy increase process, and The purpose of getting the negative entropy as much as possible for the heat engine is flawed.
  • the so-called ideal heat engine is not a process without friction. It is also necessary to consider whether the Carnot heat engine is the most ideal heat engine from the model of the process. It is the cd process seen from its design scheme. This birthmark is described later. A three-dimensional loop without a cd positive entropy process is more efficient than it.
  • the maximum number of electrons possible for each shell calculated by the Pauli exclusion principle is 2n 2 , and for each layer of K, L, M, N ⁇ 8, 18, 32 ⁇ E-electronics.
  • the configuration of an inert element having an outer layer of 8 electrons is a ruin.
  • the electron is at a higher energy level, it always waits for an opportunity to return to its steady state, 2n 2 , and the Eight Laws...
  • thermodynamics Mg / 4 ⁇ r 2 KT
  • n. Mg / 4 ⁇ r 2 KT
  • Other thermodynamic functions can be derived from these three basic functions.
  • the role of the force field is not considered in the equation of state.
  • This P should be in the equation of state P is equal to n.
  • KT Mg / 4 Ji r 2 , ie ⁇ .
  • the P / KT equation of state is more comprehensive, that is, ⁇ . It is determined by four factors, among which M, g, and r are the same, so ⁇ . It is only inversely proportional to T. T large n Q becomes smaller, is expansion, T is small n. It is big, it is shrinking, this is everyone knows. But let's assume that M and g can also change, then n when g or M becomes larger. It also becomes larger, and instead n Q becomes smaller. That is to say n. Smaller expansion can also be determined by two other factors beside T, which gives us a more delusion.
  • the second revelation is the free expansion that was originally exemplified as the entropy increase phenomenon, but a special case when g is zero, (g ⁇ 0, n() ⁇ 0), that is, in the presence of the Earth's gravitational field.
  • g zero
  • n n()
  • the combination of the minimum energy principle and the entropy increase leads to the establishment of the law of the gas equation.
  • Entropy increase is not an unconditional behavior.
  • Entropy increase, entropy decrease, and entropy maximization have certain conditions.
  • the reason for the above phenomenon is the state law of the minimum energy principle, which requires the particles to move as far as possible to the minimum potential energy.
  • the law from the composition of the atom to the state of the atmosphere obeys this law. Under normal conditions, the electrons tend to be exhausted. May have the lowest energy level. The filling of the electron shell begins with the lowest energy level of the shell and then proceeds to the higher energy level. If for some reason it transitions to a high energy level, it will emit a corresponding electromagnetic wave and return to the low energy level.
  • the atmosphere must follow the entropy increase law of expansion, diffusion, and maximum disorder, and follow the principle of minimum energy that shrinks, gathers, and returns to the minimum potential.
  • the state of the atmosphere is the result of the combination of the two.
  • abed and ab ' e ' d ' are two A-states and B-states with equal areas. That is to say, the two states of B and B contain the same amount of heat.
  • the temperatures are TV and ⁇ 2 respectively.
  • From the ⁇ state to the ⁇ state is the positive entropy process (8, to S 2 ).
  • the change from the A state to the B state is a negative entropy process, the entropy becomes S 2 , and the temperature can rise from ⁇ to T 2 , S.
  • S 2 is an entropy reduction process that is not allowed by the thermal law, but it occurs under the condition that the degree of freedom changes.
  • H the kinetic energy of particles in an object, which is determined by temperature.
  • the internal work J is a state function determined by the structure of the molecule.
  • U the physical quantity of the internal work J
  • the C atom constitutes a new molecular structure.
  • the heat absorbed or released is what people call chemical energy. Combustion is only one form.
  • phase transitions Crystallization, melting, liquefaction, and gasification at the molecular level are called phase transitions, and they also release or absorb heat because of structural changes.
  • the above four items reveal the relationship between structure and energy.
  • the classical theory only studies the limited part of the structural exothermic (combustion) conversion into work in C.
  • the heat pump originally explained by the "reverse Kano cycle” is simply a low-order energy conversion that absorbs or releases heat from the phase change.
  • Ordering can be that the particles have the same direction of motion or a stable structure, both of which have an entropy of zero. Disorder is the loss of thermal motion in the same direction.
  • dQ 0, in an isolated system, the transition between dH, dJ, and dW summarizes the nature of all energy conversions. Since the stable structural entropy is zero, the stable structure becomes a process of negative entropy. This process often brings us a lot of heat (release), which is what we often call "energy”. The intensity is nuclear and atom. , structural changes in the molecule. If negative entropy occurs, it is expressed as absorbing heat and hiding it in the "higher energy level" of the structure. Only negative temperature phenomena and photosynthesis of plants exist in life phenomena.
  • the higher the internal energy the more the number of possible microscopic states of the system, that is, the entropy increases monotonously with the internal energy, so the temperature is constant.
  • the entropy decreases, which causes the temperature to push out the negative sign.
  • the system is called in the "negative temperature" state. The reason we think this is the first law mentioned in 3.4.
  • the medium energy form does not contain dJ, that is, the basic equation does not reflect the force. Reflecting the fact that the force field and potential energy are related. The increase in internal energy in the negative temperature phenomenon is obtained by the increase of the force field, and the enhanced potential energy of the particles in the force field. If dJ is added to the basic equation, it can objectively and truthfully reflect the change of things. It is not dH but dJ that is recognized to increase, and entropy decreases when dJ increases. Thus, when the force field is reversed, the dJ reflecting the potential energy should be expressed by a symbol, so that T is not necessarily negative. Let the truth not be awkward, is it better?
  • the negative temperature is considered to be infinite after the force field is reversed.
  • the force field reversal time is very short, because the power is inversely proportional to time, the shorter the time, the higher the power, any heating method.
  • the force field allows each particle to receive commands, each going to a higher structural high (ie, the so-called energy level is limited), and then immediately reversed, Each particle has to be "migrated" for the second time.
  • the action is highly consistent. Because there is no effective interception, the force field can only be driven in the form of heat to the dj after it is high, and the dw after it is reversed and accelerated. The dH it originally had all heat up in an instant (in a sense, it can be called an explosion), which gives a very high temperature.
  • the Maxwell rate distribution curve (Fig. 11) expresses that the molecular velocity distribution is always a bell curve, that is, the ratio of the middle in the most probable state is the largest, and the left and right legs of the curve respectively indicate the ratio of the low rate and the high rate. If the high-speed molecules at the right foot are greatly reduced due to evaporation, the entire curve will shift to the left due to cooling, but it is valuable that the McGregor curve is still the target of the new distribution, even if it falls to ⁇ 2 The right foot still extends to the vertical line shadow, that is to say, there are high-speed molecules.
  • Negative entropy needs to be born in the case of negative entropy flow. This has two more points: a When the absolute value of the negative entropy flow is greater than the entropy generation, the negative entropy is obtained - this is the theory of cost. This is obtained by the negative entropy flow to generate the de-entropy. b The negative entropy brought by the negative entropy flow exceeds the entropy to produce pure negative entropy. This is the theme of the third part of the "entropy can be positive and negative”. Root According to the concept of b, a three-dimensional cycle is designed (Fig. 12).
  • the 1 cycle starts from a point a on the isotherm, and the heat absorbed by the working medium heats up along the ab line to reach the point b which is in equilibrium with the external atmospheric pressure, and the external work of the heat engine is abf) '.
  • thermal power conversion is that when molecular motion appears to be consistent, timely interception of this order becomes mechanical work. It is a process in which disorder is directed to order and intercepted in an orderly manner. Order is the primary condition, and interception is a necessary process. The wind is an orderly movement of the air. If there is no windmill to intercept, it will return to disorder quickly. If the river is undoubtedly orderly to the sea but there is no turbine, it will not be able to generate electricity. It is the eddy current in the transformer, and it is also because there is no interception and waste. Using this point of view to look at the Carnot heat engine, first of all, the heat engine is based on the temperature difference to give birth orderly.
  • the cylinder is used to limit the expansion in other directions. Only the direction of the piston can be expanded and ordered. The piston receives the impact of the working medium molecules to intercept the order.
  • the degree of turbulence is the entropy.
  • the essence of thermal power conversion is chaotic. The only change is the direction of particle motion. Only when this is consistently transmitted is intercepted and turned into mechanical work, it will cool down. Because the disorder is changed to order, the entropy value must be reduced. But where the heat comes from, there is no requirement, which makes it possible to use waste heat as a source.
  • ⁇ ⁇ is the conclusion of the orphan system, where the equal sign refers to "the end of the whole process" - that is, the non-single process with the existence of negative entropy flow.
  • the other single process is the less than sign, and since then its potential contradiction with the first law no longer exists.
  • the negative entropy flow only acts as a "catalyst". At the end of the process, it has no loss and plays a role. The only role is to promote the conversion of heat to work. This is also the order in nature that can become a negative entropy flow. Coupling" and constantly creating new and orderly reasons.
  • the invention provides a method, which can make waste heat which has been played as air, surface water (river, river and sea), ground source heat, etc. into renewable energy, and is characterized by: 1. Waste heat from air and the like as a heat source, working medium Absorbing the waste heat and expanding in a vacuum; 2. The instruction to change the charge on the working medium to obey the electric field will turn the disorder into order; 3. Inductive current is obtained in the secondary by electromagnetic induction.
  • the barrel of the drawing is to be explained
  • FIG. 5 The loops in nature are formed by the irreversible process.
  • the abc process cannot be returned by cba, but must be the irreversible process of another power.
  • Figure 6 shows that since the theory of "dissipative structure" is established, there can be a negative entropy process X, where A is the irreversible law B is the entropy increase rate, C is the Kelvin expression D is the motion order F is the structure order.
  • Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the Carnot cycle.
  • Figure 8 shows the isotherm family ⁇ and the atmospheric pressure intersection 00 ' 0" and the corresponding volume.
  • Figure 9 is a negative entropy diagram. The heat contained in ⁇ and ⁇ is equal, but the temperature is different. A to B is a negative entropy process, and B is a positive entropy process.
  • Figure 10 shows that the important reason for the birth of negative temperature is force field reversal.
  • Figure 11 shows Maxwell's bell curve. Although the temperature is lowered to T 2 but in the shadow of high-speed molecules, the "foot" of ⁇ 2 still extends, which means that high-speed molecules are still born.
  • FIG. 12 Schematic diagram of three-digit cycle
  • Figure 15 is a diagram of the present invention.
  • the ab and be processes are isothermal expansion and adiabatic expansion.
  • the cd process is a negative entropy process, which is born under the change of the force field, and the de process returns to the origin.
  • FIG. 16 Schematic diagram of the orderly energy brought by the three-dimensional cycle
  • FIG. 17 Schematic diagram of thermal energy brought by three-dimensional cycle.
  • Experimental diagram B The best way to achieve the present invention.
  • Figure 16 B 1 is a copper tube with fins.
  • the copper tube is in the middle of the refrigerant, the copper tube is heated by the fins, and 2 is the refrigerant charging chamber where the charge is supplied by 2.1, expanded by 3, and condensed into 4 Liquid,
  • Figure 6 is the power supply to accelerate the condensation and let the inflation gas be charged to become the primary current when passing through 3, and the electromagnetic induction causes the output current at AB.
  • Figure 17 B is slightly different, 4.1 has a liquid that accepts heat, and is accepted by the refrigerant. The heat. Industrial applicability

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé pour obtenir des sources d'énergie renouvelable à partir de chaleur résiduelle. Le procédé consiste à utiliser de l'air ou de la chaleur résiduelle en tant que source thermique, et à utiliser un matériau actif pour absorber la chaleur résiduelle et se dilater dans le vide. Le matériau actif est condensé en liquide. Le gaz qui se dilate est chargé par une alimentation d'énergie (6) afin de créer un courant primaire. Un courant inductif est créé dans une bobine secondaire par induction électromagnétique. Le procédé peut produire des sources d'énergie renouvelable à partir d'air, d'eau de surface, etc.
PCT/CN2011/000260 2010-02-21 2011-02-21 Procédé pour obtenir des sources d'énergie renouvelable à partir de chaleur résiduelle WO2011100885A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN2010101278162A CN101902177A (zh) 2009-02-21 2010-02-21 从空气等废热中获取可再生能源的理论和方法
CN201010127816.2 2010-02-21

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1058090A (zh) * 1990-07-08 1992-01-22 朱伟民 氟里昂回收装置
CN1979052A (zh) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-13 任文华 集肤效应电热水器
WO2008044008A2 (fr) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Energetix Genlec Limited Dispositif et procédé de transfert de chaleur en cycle fermé
CN201280956Y (zh) * 2008-10-31 2009-07-29 郭清温 一种烟气余热回收发电装置
CN101902177A (zh) * 2009-02-21 2010-12-01 许志治 从空气等废热中获取可再生能源的理论和方法

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN1058090A (zh) * 1990-07-08 1992-01-22 朱伟民 氟里昂回收装置
CN1979052A (zh) * 2005-11-30 2007-06-13 任文华 集肤效应电热水器
WO2008044008A2 (fr) * 2006-10-12 2008-04-17 Energetix Genlec Limited Dispositif et procédé de transfert de chaleur en cycle fermé
CN201280956Y (zh) * 2008-10-31 2009-07-29 郭清温 一种烟气余热回收发电装置
CN101902177A (zh) * 2009-02-21 2010-12-01 许志治 从空气等废热中获取可再生能源的理论和方法

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