WO2011096703A2 - Émetteur et récepteur de signaux de radiodiffusion, et procédés d'émission et de réception de signaux de radiodiffusion - Google Patents

Émetteur et récepteur de signaux de radiodiffusion, et procédés d'émission et de réception de signaux de radiodiffusion Download PDF

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WO2011096703A2
WO2011096703A2 PCT/KR2011/000698 KR2011000698W WO2011096703A2 WO 2011096703 A2 WO2011096703 A2 WO 2011096703A2 KR 2011000698 W KR2011000698 W KR 2011000698W WO 2011096703 A2 WO2011096703 A2 WO 2011096703A2
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mimo
signal
transmission
data
frame
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PCT/KR2011/000698
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English (en)
Korean (ko)
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WO2011096703A3 (fr
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고우석
문상철
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엘지전자 주식회사
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Publication of WO2011096703A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011096703A3/fr

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/65—Arrangements characterised by transmission systems for broadcast
    • H04H20/71—Wireless systems
    • H04H20/72—Wireless systems of terrestrial networks
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H20/00—Arrangements for broadcast or for distribution combined with broadcast
    • H04H20/28—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information
    • H04H20/33—Arrangements for simultaneous broadcast of plural pieces of information by plural channels
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04H—BROADCAST COMMUNICATION
    • H04H40/00—Arrangements specially adapted for receiving broadcast information
    • H04H40/18—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving
    • H04H40/27—Arrangements characterised by circuits or components specially adapted for receiving specially adapted for broadcast systems covered by groups H04H20/53 - H04H20/95

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a transmitter, a receiver and a method of transmitting and receiving a broadcast signal, and more particularly, to a transmitter, a receiver for transmitting a broadcast signal so as to be compatible with conventional broadcast signal transmission and reception equipment while improving data transmission efficiency. It relates to a broadcast signal transmission and reception method thereof.
  • the digital broadcast signal may transmit a larger amount of video / audio data than the analog broadcast signal, and may include various additional data in addition to the video / audio data.
  • the digital broadcasting system can provide HD (High Definition) level video, multi-channel sound, and various additional services.
  • HD High Definition
  • data transmission efficiency for high-capacity data transmission, robustness of the transmission / reception network, and flexibility of the network considering mobile reception equipment still need to be improved.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a broadcast signal transmitter, a receiver, and a transmission / reception method for improving data transmission efficiency in a digital broadcasting system.
  • the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadcast signals capable of receiving a digital broadcast signal without error even in a mobile reception equipment or an indoor environment.
  • the present invention is to provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving broadcast signals capable of achieving the above-described objectives and maintaining compatibility with a conventional broadcast system.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter includes an input signal generator for generating a first input signal and a second input signal; A MIMO encoder for MIMO processing the first input signal and the second input signal to output a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal; And a first OFDM generator and a second OFDM generator for OFDM modulating the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal, respectively, wherein the MIMO processing applies a MIMO matrix to the first input signal and the second input signal.
  • the parameter a is set to a different value according to the modulation type of the first input signal and the second input signal, and the parameter a of the MIMO matrix is the first to the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal. And to adjust the power of the input signal and the second input signal.
  • the broadcast signal transmission method comprises the steps of generating a first input signal and a second input signal; MIMO processing the first input signal and the second input signal to output a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal; And OFDM modulating the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal, respectively, wherein the MIMO processing applies a MIMO matrix to the first input signal and the second input signal, and wherein the parameter a is the first input signal.
  • the parameter a of the MIMO matrix is set to different values according to the modulation type of the input signal and the second input signal, and the first input signal and the second input signal with respect to the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal. Is set to adjust the power.
  • the present invention by using a MIMO system in a digital broadcasting system, it is possible to increase data transmission efficiency and increase robustness of transmitting and receiving broadcast signals.
  • the MIMO encoding enables the receiver to efficiently recover the MIMO received signals even in various broadcasting environments.
  • according to the present invention can provide a method and apparatus for transmitting and receiving a broadcast signal capable of receiving a digital broadcast signal without error even in a mobile receiving equipment or indoor environment.
  • 1 is an embodiment of a broadcast signal transmitter using a MIMO technique according to the present invention.
  • FIG 2 illustrates an input processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a stream adaptation block included in an input processing module according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a BICM encoder (module) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a frame builder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 6 illustrates an OFDM generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a broadcast signal receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 8 illustrates an OFDM demodulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 9 illustrates a frame parser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a BICM decoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an output processing module of a broadcast signal receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a PLP-based transmission frame structure transmitted and received by a transmission and reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 is a view showing the structure of a FEF-based NEW transmission frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a P1 symbol generation process for identifying a NEW transmission frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 15 illustrates L1-pre signaling information included in a transmission / reception signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of L1-post signaling information included in a transmission / reception signal according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of L1-post signaling information included in a transmission / reception signal according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transceiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a broadcast signal transceiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 20 is a diagram illustrating a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter and a transmission method using SVC according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter and a transmission method using SVC according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter and a transmission method using SVC according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a transmission frame structure transmitted by a terrestrial broadcasting system to which a MIMO transmission system using SVC is applied according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a MIMO transceiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • 25 is a BER / SNR chart illustrating performance differences between a GC scheme and an SM scheme using an outer code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 26 is a BER / SNR chart illustrating performance differences between a GC scheme and an SM scheme according to a modulation scheme and a code rate of an outer code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission / reception method according to MIMO transmission of an SM scheme in a channel environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 28 illustrates an input signal and a transmission signal on which the MIMO encoding method according to the first embodiment of the present invention is performed.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an input signal and a transmission signal that perform a MIMO encoding method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 31 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 32 is a view showing a broadcast signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the present invention relates to a broadcast signal transmitter and a broadcast signal receiver using multi-input multi-output (MIMO) processing.
  • MIMO multi-input multi-output
  • the performance of a system with MIMO technology depends on the characteristics of the transport channel, especially in systems with independent channel environments. In other words, the more the independent channels from each antenna of the transmitting end to each antenna of the receiving end are not correlated with each other, the performance of the system using MIMO technology can be improved.However, between Lx (line-of-sight) environment, In a channel environment where the channels are highly correlated, the performance of a system using the MIMO technology may be drastically degraded or an operation may be impossible.
  • the present invention proposes a method that can solve these existing problems and problems in the following.
  • a transceiver and a method of transmitting and receiving can be provided.
  • Such a mobile broadcasting system may be referred to as a MIMO transmission / reception system or a NEW transmission / reception system.
  • a video having scalability that can be transmitted by being divided into a basic video component that is robust to a communication environment but has a low image quality and an extended video component that can provide a high quality image but is rather vulnerable to a communication environment. Coding methods can be used.
  • SVC is described as a video coding method having scalability, but any other video coding method may be applied.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter and receiver of the present invention may perform MISO processing and MIMO processing on a plurality of signals transmitted and received through a plurality of antennas, and hereinafter, signal processing is performed on two signals transmitted and received through two antennas.
  • the broadcast signal transceiver to be described.
  • 1 is an embodiment of a broadcast signal transmitter using a MIMO technique according to the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter includes an input pre-processor 101100, an input processing module 101200, a bit interleaved coded modulation (BICM) module 101300, a frame builder 101400, and OFDM. (Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing) generator 101500 may be included.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter according to the present invention may receive a plurality of MPEG-TS streams or General Sream Encapsulation (GSE) streams (or GS streams).
  • GSE General Sream Encapsulation
  • the input pre-processor 101100 may generate a plurality of physical layer pipes (PLPs) as a service unit to provide robustness to an input stream, that is, a plurality of MPEG-TS streams or a GSE stream.
  • PLPs physical layer pipes
  • the PLP is a unit of data identified in the physical layer, and data is processed in the same transmission path for each PLP.
  • the PLPs are data having the same property of the physical layer processed in the transmission path and may be mapped in units of cells in the frame.
  • the PLP may be defined as a TDM channel of the physical layer carried through the cell.
  • the input processing module 101200 may generate a base band (BB) frame including a plurality of generated PLPs.
  • the BICM encoder 101300 may add redundancy to the BB frame and interleave PLP data included in the BB frame so as to correct an error on the transmission channel.
  • the frame builder 101400 may map a plurality of PLPs to a transport frame and add signaling information to complete the transport frame structure.
  • the OFDM generator 101500 may OFDM demodulate the input data from the frame builder and divide the input data into a plurality of paths that can be transmitted through a plurality of antennas.
  • FIG 2 illustrates an input processing module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the input processing module 101200 may include a mode adaptation block 102100 and a stream adaptation block 102200.
  • the mode adaptation block 102100 divides an input bit stream into logical units for performing FEC (BCH / LDPC) encoding in a subsequent BICM encoder, and performs mapping by performing an input interface module 102110 and a CRC to the mapped bit stream.
  • a cyclic redundancy check-8 (CRC-8) encoder 102120 for encoding and a BB header inserter 102130 for inserting a BB header having a fixed size into the data field may be included.
  • the BB header may include mode adaptation type (TS / GS / IP) information, user packet length information, data field length information, and the like.
  • the stream adaptation block 102200 includes a padding inserter 102210 and a pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) for inserting padding bits to complete a BB frame when input data fails to fill one BB frame for FEC encoding.
  • PRBS pseudo random binary sequence
  • a BB scrambler module 102220 that generates the input bit stream and XORs the generated PRBS to randomize the data.
  • 2B illustrates another embodiment of the mode adaptation block 102100 included in the input processing module 102110 when receiving a plurality of input streams.
  • the mode adaptation block 102100 includes p + 1 input interface modules 102300-0 through p, p + 1 input stream sink modules 102310-0 through p, and p + 1 delay compensation units 102320-0 through p), p + 1 null packet remover (102330-0 ⁇ p), p + 1 CRC encoder (102340-0 ⁇ p) and p + 1 BB header inserter (102350-0 ⁇ p) can do.
  • the input p + 1 input streams can be independently processed as a stream in which a plurality of MPEG-TS or GSE streams are converted, and can be a complete stream including several service components or include only one service component. It may be a stream of minimum units.
  • a path through which an input stream to be independently processed may be referred to as a physical layer pipe (PLP).
  • PLP physical layer pipe
  • Each service may be transmitted and received through a plurality of RF channels, the PLP data may be included in slots distributed with a time interval in a plurality of RF channels, it may be distributed with a time interval in one RF channel It may be.
  • an arbitrary PLP is selected from a plurality of PLPs, and information that can be commonly applied to a plurality of PLPs is transmitted through a selected PLP.
  • Such a PLP may be referred to as common PLP or L2 signaling information, and a plurality of common PLPs may be provided according to a designer's intention.
  • p + 1 input interface modules 102300-0 to p p + 1 CRC encoders 102340-0 to p, and p + 1 BB header inserts 102350-0 to p are shown in FIG. Since the same function as the input interface module 102100, the CRC-8 encoder 102120, and the BB header inserter 102130 of FIG.
  • the p + 1 input stream sink modulators 102310-0 to p may insert input stream clock reference (ISCR) information, that is, timing information necessary to recover a transport stream (TS) or a generic stream (GS) at a receiver. .
  • ISCR input stream clock reference
  • the p + 1 delay compensators 102320-0 to p can synchronize data by delaying the PLPs in group units based on the timing information inserted by the input stream synchronizer, and p + 1 null packets.
  • the removers 10330-0 through p may delete unnecessary transmitted null packets inserted in the delay compensated BB frame, and insert the number of deleted null packets according to the deleted positions.
  • FIG 3 illustrates a stream adaptation block included in an input processing module according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the stream adaptation block 102200 shown in FIG. 3 performs scheduling for allocating a plurality of PLPs to each slot of a transport frame, and separates the L1-dynamic signaling information of the current frame from the BICM module 101300 separately from in-band signaling.
  • P + 1 frame delay units 103200-0 to p for delaying input data by one frame so that scheduling information for a subsequent frame can be included in the current frame for in-band signaling, etc.
  • Non-delayed L1-dynamic signaling information is inserted into data delayed by one frame.
  • p + 1 in-band signaling / padding inserting units 103200-0 to p and p + 1 BBs respectively insert padding bits or insert in-band signaling information into the padding space.
  • FIG. 4 illustrates a BICM encoder (module) according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the BICM encoder 101300 may include a first BICM encoding block 104100 and a second BICM encoding block 104200.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 may include blocks for processing a plurality of input processed PLPs
  • the second BICM encoding block 104200 may include blocks for processing signaling information, respectively.
  • the signaling information of the present invention may include L1-pre signaling information and L1-post signaling information. The position of each block can be changed according to the designer's intention. Hereinafter, each block will be described in detail.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 adds redundancy so that a receiver corrects an error on a transmission channel with respect to data included in a PLP (hereinafter, referred to as PLP data), and performs p + 1 encoding and LDPC encoding.
  • PLP data data included in a PLP
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 of the present invention may include an MISO encoder or a MIMO encoder for processing MISO encoding or MIMO encoding for each of a plurality of PLPs.
  • the MISO / MIMO encoder may be located after the p + 1 constellation mappers 104140-0 to p of the present invention, and may be located after the p + 1 time interleavers 104170-0 to p. have.
  • the MISO / MIMO encoder may be included in the OFDM generator 101500 of the present invention.
  • data output through the first path separated from the p + 1 second demultiplexers 104150-0 to p may be transmitted through the first antenna Tx_1, and data output through the second path may be transmitted through the second path. It may be transmitted through the antenna Tx_2.
  • the constellations rotated by the p + 1 constellation rotator / remapping units 104180-0 to p may be represented by I-phase (In-phase) and Q-phase (Quadrature-phase) components.
  • the p + 1 constellation rotator / remapping units 104180-0 to p may delay only the dual Q-phase components to any value. Thereafter, the p + 1 constellation rotator / remapping units 104180-0 to p may remap the interleaved PLP data to the new constellation using the I-phase component and the delayed Q-phase component.
  • the I / Q components of the first path and the second path are mixed with each other, so that diversity gain can be obtained because the same information is transmitted through the first path and the second path, respectively.
  • the positions of the p + 1 constellation rotator / remapping units 104180-0 to p may be located before the cell interleaver, which is changeable according to the designer's intention.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 may output two pieces of data for each PLP.
  • the first block 104100 may receive and process PLP0 to output two data, STX_0 and STX_0 + 1.
  • the second BICM encoding block 104200 is an L1 signaling generator 104210 that encodes the input L1-dynamic information and L1-configurable information to generate L1-pre signaling information and L1-post signaling information, and two FEC encoders. And, a bit interleaver, a demultiplexer, two constellation mappers, two demultiplexers, and two constellation rotators / remappers.
  • the L1 signaling generator 104210 may be included in the stream adaptation block 102200. This can be changed according to the designer's intention. The remaining blocks perform the same operations as the blocks included in the first BICM encoding block 104100, and thus, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the L1-pre signaling information may include information necessary for decoding the L1-post signaling information at the receiver, and the L1-post signaling information may include information necessary for recovering data received at the receiver.
  • the second BICM encoding block 104200 of the present invention does not perform bit interleaving and demultiplexing on the L1-pre signaling information so that the receiver can perform fast decoding of the L1-pre signaling information.
  • the second BICM encoding block 104200 may output two pieces of data for the L1-dynamic information and the L1-configurable information.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 may receive and process L1-dynamic information to output two data, STX_pre and STX_pre + 1.
  • the BICM encoder 101300 may process data input through the first path and the second path, respectively, and output the data to the frame builder 101400 through the first path and the second path, which may be changed according to the designer's intention. to be.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates a frame builder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the first BICM encoding block 104100 may output two data, such as STX_k and STX_k + 1, for the plurality of PLP data, respectively, and the second BICM encoding block 104200 may provide L1-pre signaling information.
  • Four signaling data that is, STX_pre and STX_pre + 1, and STX_post and STX_post + 1 may be output for the L1-post signaling information.
  • Each output data is input to the frame builder 101400.
  • the frame builder 101400 may first receive four signaling data, that is, STX_pre and STX_pre + 1, and STX_post and STX_post + 1, from among the data output from the BICM module 101300.
  • the delay compensation unit 105100 compensates for both the delay of one transmission frame and the delay according to the processing in the BICM module 101300 for the L1-pre signaling data or the L1-post signaling data.
  • the cell mapper 105200 After interleaving the input cells and the cell mapper 105200 for arranging PLP cells and PLP cells including general data and cells including signaling information in an OFDM symbol based array of a transmission frame, It may include a frequency interleaver 105300 for outputting the interleaved data through the first path and the second path.
  • the cell mapper 105200 may include a common PLP assembler, a sub-slice processor, a data PLP assembler, and signaling information assembler blocks, and perform a batch related function using scheduling information included in the signaling information.
  • the cell mapper 105200 may apply the same cell mapping method to the first path and the second path, or may apply different cell mapping methods. This may vary depending on the scheduling information.
  • the frame builder 101400 may process the data input through the first path and the second path, respectively, and output the data to the OFDM generator 101500 through the first path and the second path, which may be changed according to a designer's intention. to be.
  • FIG 6 illustrates an OFDM generator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the OFDM generator 101500 may receive and demodulate a broadcast signal through a first path and a second path, and output the demodulated signals to two antennas Tx1 and Tx2.
  • a block for modulating a broadcast signal to be transmitted through a first antenna Tx1 is called a first transmitter 106100
  • a block for modulating a broadcast signal to be transmitted through a second antenna Tx2 is a second transmitter.
  • the first transmitter and the second transmitter may be referred to as a first OFDM generator and a second OFDM generator, respectively.
  • the first antenna and the second antenna may apply polarity to the transmission signal according to the sign of the correlation and transmit the same.
  • the MIMO scheme using such a technique may be referred to as a polarity multiplexing MIMO scheme
  • the first antenna for transmitting the first antenna with polarity to the received signal may be a vertical antenna
  • the second antenna that transmits by adding polarity to the signal may be referred to as a horizontal path.
  • the modules included in the first transmitter 106100 and the second transmitter 106200 will be described.
  • the first transmitter 106100 inserts a pilot of a predetermined pilot pattern into a corresponding position in a transmission frame, by an MISO encoder 106110 which performs MISO encoding to have transmission diversity with respect to input symbols transmitted through each path.
  • the pilot insertion module 106120 for outputting to the IFFT module 106130, the Inverse Fast Fourier Tramsform (IFFT) module 106130 for performing IFFT operations on signals of each path into which the pilot is inserted, and reducing PAPR of signals in the time domain.
  • IFFT Inverse Fast Fourier Tramsform
  • PAPR Peak-to-Average Power Ratio
  • PAPR reduction algorithm PAPR reduction algorithm
  • pilot insertion module 106120 Guard Interval (GI) insertion module (106150) for copying the last part of and inserting the guard interval in each OFDM symbol in the form of CP (cyclic prefix) to output to the P1 symbol insertion module 106160, each P1 symbol insertion module 106160 inserting the P1 symbol at the beginning of the song frame, and DAC (Digital-to) converting each signal frame into which the P1 symbol is inserted into an analog signal and then transmitting the analog signal through the corresponding first antenna Tx1.
  • -Analog Convert module 106170 may be included.
  • the second transmitter 106200 may include the same module as the first transmitter 106100 and performs the same functions as the modules included in the first transmitter 106100, a detailed description thereof will be omitted. Hereinafter, operations of the modules included in the first transmitter 106100 will be described.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates a broadcast signal receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal receiver may include an OFDM demodulator 107100, a frame parser 107200, a BICM decoder 107300, and an output processor 107400.
  • the OFDM demodulator 107100 may convert signals received by the plurality of receive antennas into signals in a frequency domain.
  • the frame parser 107200 may output PLPs for a required service among signals converted into the frequency domain.
  • the BICM decoder 107300 may correct an error caused by the transport channel, and the output processor 107400 may perform processes necessary to generate an output TS or GS stream.
  • the input antenna signal may receive a dual polarity signal, and one or a plurality of streams may be output of the output TS or GS stream.
  • FIG 8 illustrates an OFDM demodulator according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the OFDM demodulator 107100 of FIG. 8 may receive a broadcast signal of each path received through two antennas Rx1 and Rx2 and perform OFDM demodulation, respectively.
  • a block for demodulating a broadcast signal to be received through a first antenna Rx1 is called a first receiver 107100 and a block for demodulating a broadcast signal to be received through a second antenna Rx2 is a second receiver. It may be called 107200.
  • the first receiver 108100 and the second receiver 108200 may be referred to as a first OFDM demodulator and a second OFDM demodulator, respectively.
  • a polarity multiplexing MIMO scheme may be used as an embodiment.
  • the first receiver 108100 OFDM demodulates the broadcast signal input through the first antenna Rx1 and outputs the demodulated signal to the frame parser 107200 through the first path, and the second receiver 108200 receives the second antenna (
  • the broadcast signal input through Rx2 may be OFDM modulated and output to the frame parser 107200 through a second path.
  • the first receiver 108100 includes an ADC module 108110, a P1 symbol detection module 108120, a synchronization module 108130, a GI cancellation module 108140, an FFT module 108150, a channel estimation module 108160, and a MISO decoder ( 108170).
  • the second receiver 108200 may include the same module as the first receiver 108100 and performs the same function as the modules included in the first receiver 108100. Since the OFDM demodulator 107100 illustrated in FIG. 8 may perform a reverse process of the OFDM generator 101500 described with reference to FIG. 6, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG 9 illustrates a frame parser according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the frame parser 107200 may include a frequency deinterleaver 109100 and a cell mapper 109200 for processing data input through the first path and the second path, respectively. This can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the frame parser 107200 illustrated in FIG. 9 may perform a reverse process of the frame builder 101400 described with reference to FIG. 5, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 10 illustrates a BICM decoder according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the BICM decoder 107300 may include a first BICM decoding block for processing from SRx_0 data to SRx_p + 1 data output through the first and second paths output from the frame demapper 107200 ( 110100, and a second BICM decoding block 110200 for processing from SRx_pre data to SRx_post + 1 data output through the first path and the second path.
  • the LLR value when the constellation is rotated at an angle and only the Q-phase component of the constellation is delayed to an arbitrary value, the LLR value can be calculated in consideration of the constellation rotation angle. If the constellation rotation and Q-phase component delay are not performed, the LLR value can be calculated based on the normal QAM.
  • p + 1 constellation demappers 110110-0 to p included in the first BICM decoding block 110100 and two constellation demappers 110210-0 to P2 included in the second BICM decoding block 111200. 1) may be located before the cell interleaver, which is changeable according to the designer's intention.
  • the BICM decoder 107300 of the present invention may include a MISO decoder or a MIMO decoder according to a designer's intention.
  • the position of the MISO decoder or the MIMO decoder may be after the cell interleaver or after the constellation demapper, which can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the first multiplexer merges the received cells into a single cell stream separated into a first path and a second path, and the second multiplexer restores the bit allocated to the cell to the bit stream before being allocated.
  • the first multiplexer may be referred to as merger.
  • the remaining blocks included in the BICM decoder 107300 may perform an inverse process of the BICM encoder 101300 described with reference to FIG. 4, and thus a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 11 illustrates an output processing module of a broadcast signal receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the output processing module 107500 illustrated in FIG. 11A corresponds to the input processing module 101100 that processes the single PLP described in FIG. 1A, and performs an inverse processing thereof.
  • it may include a BB descrambler 111100, a padding removal module 111110, a CRC-8 decoder 111120, and a BB frame processor 111140.
  • the output processing module 107500 illustrated in FIG. 11A receives a bit stream from a BICM decoder 107300 (or a decoding module) that performs reverse processing of BICM encoding of a broadcast signal transmitter in a broadcast signal receiver. Since the input processing module 101200 described in FIG. 1 may perform a reverse process of the process, the detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • FIG. 11B is a diagram illustrating an output processing module 107500 of a broadcast receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the output processing module 107500 illustrated in FIG. 11B may correspond to the input processing module 101200 that processes the plurality of PLPs described in FIG. 2B, and may perform reverse processing thereof.
  • the output processing module 107500 illustrated in FIG. 11B may correspond to the input processing module 101200 that processes the plurality of PLPs described in FIG. 2B, and may perform reverse processing thereof.
  • 11B may include a plurality of blocks to process a plurality of PLPs, and may include p + 1 BB descramblers, p + 1 padding removal modules, p + 1 compensates for randomly inserted delays in the broadcast signal transmitter according to time to output (TTO) parameter information for synchronization between p + 1 CRC-8 decoders, p + 1 BB frame processors, and a plurality of PLPs P + 1 null packet insertion module (111210-0) for restoring null packets removed at the transmitter by referring to two de-jitter buffers (111200-0 to p) and deleted null packet (DNP) information ⁇ p), TS clock regeneration module 111220 for restoring detailed time synchronization of output packets based on input stream time reference (ISCR) information; In-band signaling decode recovers and outputs band signaling information
  • the TS recombining module 111230 may be further configured to receive data PLPs related to the restored common PLP and to restore and output the original TS
  • Processing of a plurality of PLPs of a broadcast signal receiver may be performed when decoding a data PLP associated with a common PLP or when the broadcast signal receiver includes a plurality of services or service components (eg, components of a scalable video service (SVC)). ) Can be described as an example.
  • the operation of the BB scrambler, the padding removal module, the CRC-8 decoder, and the BB frame processor is as described above with reference to FIG. 11A.
  • FIG. 12 is a diagram illustrating a PLP-based transmission frame structure transmitted and received by a transmission and reception system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • a transmission frame may include a preamble region and a data region.
  • the preamble region may include a P1 symbol and a P2 symbol including the L1 signaling information
  • the data region may include a plurality of data symbols.
  • the P1 symbol may transmit P1 signaling information related to a transmission type and a basic transmission parameter, and the receiver may detect a transmission frame using the P1 symbol.
  • the common PLP may include network information such as a network information table (NIT) or service information such as PLP information and a service description table (SDT) or an event information table (EIT).
  • NIT network information table
  • SDT service description table
  • EIT event information table
  • the plurality of data symbols located after the P2 symbol may include a plurality of PLP data.
  • the plurality of PLPs may include audio, video and data TS streams and PSI / SI information such as a program association table (PAT) and a program map table (PMT).
  • PSI / SI information such as a program association table (PAT) and a program map table (PMT).
  • a PLP transmitting PSI / SI information may be referred to as a base PLP.
  • the PLP may include a type 1 PLP transmitted by one sub slice per transmission frame and a type 2 PLP transmitted by a plurality of sub slices.
  • the plurality of PLPs may transmit one service or may transmit service components included in one service. If the PLP transmits a service component, the transmitting side may transmit signaling information indicating that the PLP transmits the service component.
  • the present invention may share an RF frequency band with a conventional terrestrial broadcasting system and transmit additional data (or an enhanced broadcast signal) in addition to the basic data through a specific PLP.
  • the transmitting side may define a signal or a system currently transmitted through the signaling information of the P1 symbol described above.
  • additional data is video data
  • PLP M1 112100 and PLP (M1 + M2) 112200 which are type 2 PLPs of a transmission frame may include additional video data and transmit the same.
  • a transmission frame for transmitting additional video data as described above may be referred to as a NEW transmission frame.
  • FIG. 13 is a view showing the structure of a FEF-based NEW transmission frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates a case in which a future extension frame (FEF) is used to transmit the aforementioned additional video data.
  • FEF future extension frame
  • a frame for transmitting basic video data may be referred to as a basic frame
  • an FEF for transmitting additional video data may be referred to as a NEW frame.
  • FIG. 13 illustrates the structure of the super frames 113100 and 113200 in which the basic frame and the NEW frame are multiplexed.
  • the undisplayed frames 113100-1 to n are basic frames
  • the displayed frames 113110-1 to 2 are NEW frames.
  • FIG. 13A illustrates a case where the ratio of the basic frame and the NEW frame is N: 1.
  • the time taken for the receiver to receive the next NEW frame 113120-2 after receiving one NEW frame 113120-1 may correspond to n basic frame lengths.
  • FIG. 13B illustrates a case where the ratio of the basic frame and the NEW frame is 1: 1.
  • the NEW frame since the ratio of the NEW frame in the super frame 113200 can be maximized, the NEW frame may have a structure very similar to that of the base frame in order to maximize sharing with the base frame. Also, in this case, since the time required for the receiver to receive one NEW frame 113210-1 and then receive the next NEW frame 113210-1 corresponds to the length of one basic frame 113220, FIG. The cycle is shorter than the case shown in.
  • FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating a P1 symbol generation process for identifying an additional transmission frame according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the additional transmission frame of the present invention may include a P1 symbol for transmitting additional signaling information as described above, which may be referred to as a new_system_P1 symbol. This may be different from the P1 symbol used in the existing transmission frame, and may be a plurality. In this case, the new_system_P1 symbol may be positioned in front of the first P2 symbol in the preamble region of the transmission frame.
  • the P1 symbol of the existing transmission frame may be modified and used.
  • the present invention proposes a method of generating a new_system_P1 symbol by modifying a structure of a P1 symbol of an existing transmission frame, or by modifying a symbol generation unit 114100 that generates a symbol.
  • a new_system_P1 symbol may be generated by modifying the structure of the P1 symbol of the existing transmission frame illustrated in A of FIG. 14.
  • the new_system_P1 symbol may be generated by modifying the frequency shift value f_SH for the prefix and postfix of the existing P1 symbol or by changing the length of the P1 symbol (T_P1C or T_P1B).
  • the parameters (sizes of f_SH, T_P1C, and T_P1B) used for the P1 symbol structure should also be appropriately modified.
  • FIG. 14B is a diagram illustrating a P1 symbol generation unit that generates a P1 symbol.
  • the P1 symbol generation unit illustrated in B of FIG. 14 may be modified to generate a new_system_P1 symbol.
  • a method of changing the distribution of active carriers used for the P1 symbol from the CDS table module 114110, the MSS module 114120, and the CAB structure module 114130 included in the symbol generation unit 114100 eg, the CDS table module 114110 uses a different Complementary Set of Sequence (CSS), or a method for transforming a pattern for information transmitted as a P1 symbol (the MSS module 114120 uses a different Complementary Set of Sequence). You can create a new_system_P1 symbol using a sequence).
  • CCSS Complementary Set of Sequence
  • FIG. 15 illustrates L1-pre signaling information included in a transmission / reception signal according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the L1 signaling information may include P1 signaling information, L1-pre signaling information, and L1-post signaling information. Although not shown in the figure, the P1 signaling information may be located in front of the L1-pre signaling information.
  • the P1 signaling information may include an S1 field and an S2 field.
  • the S1 field may include identifiers for indicating a format of the preamble zero
  • the S2 field may include identifiers for indicating auxiliary information.
  • the L1-pre signaling information may include information necessary for receiving and decoding the L1 post signaling information.
  • the following describes each field included in the table. The size of each field and the types of fields that can be included in the table can be added or changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the TYPE field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may indicate whether the input stream type is TS or GS.
  • the BWT_EXT field is a field having a size of 1 bit and may indicate whether bandwidth of an OFDM symbol is extended.
  • the S1 field is a field having a size of 3 bits and may indicate whether the current transmission system is MISO or SISO.
  • the S2 field is a field having a size of 4 bits and may indicate an FFT size.
  • the L1_REPETITION_FLAG field has a size of 1 bit and may indicate a repetition flag of the L1 signal.
  • the GUARD_INTERVAL field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate the guard interval size of the current transmission frame.
  • the PAPR field is a field having a size of 4 bits and may indicate a method of PAPR reduction.
  • the PAPR method used in the present invention may be an ACE method or a TR method.
  • the L1_MOD field has a size of 4 bits and may indicate a QAM modulation type of L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1_COD field has a size of 2 bits and may indicate a code rate of L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1_FEC_TYPE field is a field having a size of 2 bits and may indicate an FEC type of L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1_POST_SIZE field is a field having a size of 18 bits and may indicate the size of L1-post signaling information.
  • the L1_POST_INFO_SIZE field is a field having a size of 18 bits and may indicate the size of the information region of the L1-post signaling information.
  • the PILOT_PATTERN field has a 4-bit size and may indicate a pilot insertion pattern.
  • the TX_ID_AVAILABILITY field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may indicate a transmission device identification capability within a current geographical cell range.
  • the CELL_ID field has a size of 16 bits and may indicate a cell identifier.
  • the NETWORK_ID field is a field having a size of 16 bits and may indicate a network identifier.
  • the SYSTEM_ID field is a field having a size of 16 bits and may indicate a system identifier.
  • the NUM_FRAMES field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate the number of transmission frames per super frame.
  • the NUM_DATA_SYMBOLS field is a field having a size of 12 bits and may indicate the number of OFDM symbols per transmission frame.
  • the REGEN_FLAG field is a 3-bit field and can indicate the number of times of signal reproduction by the repeater.
  • the L1_POST_EXTENSION field is a field having a size of 1 bit and may indicate whether an extension block of L1-post signaling information exists.
  • the NUM_RF field is a field having a size of 3 bits and may indicate the number of RF bands for TFS.
  • the CURRENT_RF_IDX field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate an index of a current RF channel.
  • the RESERVED field has a size of 10 bits and is for future use.
  • the CRC-32 field has a size of 32 bits and may indicate a CRC error extraction code of the L1-pre signaling information.
  • FIG. 16 illustrates an embodiment of L1-post signaling information included in a transmission / reception signal according to the present invention.
  • the L1-post signaling information may include parameters necessary for the receiver to encode PLP data.
  • the L1-post signaling information may include a configurable block, a dynamic block, an extension block, a cyclic redundancy check block, and an L1 padding block. have.
  • the configurable block may include information that may be equally applied over one transmission frame, and the dynamic block may include characteristic information corresponding to the transmission frame currently being transmitted.
  • the extension block is a block that can be used when the L1-post signaling information is extended, and the CRC block may include information used for error correction of the L1-post signaling information and may have a 32-bit size.
  • the padding block may be used to equally size the information included in each encoding block, and the size thereof is variable.
  • the table illustrated in FIG. 16 is a table included in the configurable block, and the fields included in the table are as follows. The size of each field and the types of fields that can be included in the table can be added or changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the SUB_SLICES_PER_FRAME field has a size of 15 bits and may indicate the number of sub slices per transmission frame.
  • the NUM_PLP field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate the number of PLPs.
  • the NUM_AUX field has a size of 4 bits and may indicate the number of auxiliary streams.
  • the AUX_CONFIG_RFU field has a size of 8 bits and is an area for future use.
  • the RF_IDX field is a field having a size of 3 bits and may indicate an index of an RF channel.
  • the FREQUENCY field is a field having a size of 32 bits and may indicate a frequency of an RF channel.
  • the FEF_TYPE field is a field having a size of 4 bits and may be used to indicate a Future Extension Frame (FEF) type.
  • FEF Future Extension Frame
  • the FEF_LENGTH field is a field having a size of 22 bits and may indicate the length of the FEF.
  • the FEF_INTERVAL field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate the size of an FEF interval.
  • the following fields are fields included in the PLP loop.
  • the PLP_ID field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may be used to identify a PLP.
  • the PLP_TYPE field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate whether the current PLP is a common PLP or PLP including general data.
  • the PLP_PAYLOAD_TYPE field is a field having a size of 5 bits and may indicate the type of the PLP payload.
  • the FF_FLAG field has a size of 1 bit and may indicate a fixed frequency flag.
  • the FIRST_RF_IDX field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate an index of a first RF channel for TFS.
  • the FIRST_FRAME_IDX field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate the first frame index of the current PLP in the super frame.
  • the PLP_GROUP_ID field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may be used to identify a PLP group.
  • the PLP group may be referred to as a link-layer-pipe (LLP), and the PLP_GROUP_ID field is referred to as an LLP_ID field according to an embodiment.
  • LLP link-layer-pipe
  • the PLP_COD field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate a code rate of a PLP.
  • the PLP_MOD field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate the QAM modulation type of the PLP.
  • the PLP_ROTATION field is a field having a size of 1 bit and may indicate a constellation rotation flag of the PLP.
  • the PLP_FEC_TYPE field is a field having a size of 2 bits and may indicate the FEC type of the PLP.
  • the PLP_NUM_BLOCKS_MAX field is a field having a size of 10 bits and may indicate the maximum number of PLPs of FEC blocks.
  • the FRAME_INTERVAL field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate an interval of a transport frame.
  • the TIME_IL_LENGTH field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may indicate a depth of symbol interleaving (or time interleaving).
  • the TIME_IL_TYPE field has a size of 1 bit and may indicate a type of symbol interleaving (or time interleaving).
  • the IN-BAND_B_FLAG field has a size of 1 bit and may indicate an in-band signaling flag.
  • the RESERVED_1 field has a size of 16 bits and is a field for future use in a PLP loop.
  • the RESERVED_2 field has a size of 32 bits and is a field for future use in the configurable block.
  • AUX_RFU is a field having a size of 32 bits and is a field for future use in an auxiliary stream loop.
  • FIG. 17 illustrates another embodiment of L1-post signaling information included in a transmission / reception signal according to the present invention.
  • the table illustrated in FIG. 17 is a table included in a dynamic block, and the fields included in the table are as follows. The size of each field and the types of fields that can be included in the table can be changed according to the designer's intention.
  • the FRAME_IDX field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate a frame index in a super frame.
  • the SUB_SLICE_INTERVAL field has a size of 22 bits and may indicate an interval of a sub slice.
  • the TYPE_2_START field is a 22-bit field and may indicate the start position of the PLP of the symbol interleaver over a plurality of frames.
  • the L1_CHANGE_COUNTER field has a size of 8 bits and may indicate whether the L1-signaling is changed.
  • the START_RF_IDX field has a size of 3 bits and may indicate a start RF channel index for TFS.
  • the RESERVED_1 field is a field having a size of 8 bits and is for future use.
  • the PLP_ID field is a field having a size of 8 bits and may be used to identify each PLP.
  • the PLP_START field is a field having a size of 22 bits and may indicate a PLP start address in a frame.
  • the PLP_NUM_BLOCKS field has a size of 10 bits and may indicate the number of PLPs of FEC blocks.
  • the RESERVED_2 field is an 8-bit field and is used for future use in a PLP loop.
  • the RESERVED_3 field has a size of 8 bits and is used for future use in the dynamic block.
  • AUX_RFU is a field having a size of 48 bits and is a field for future use in an auxiliary stream loop.
  • the signals transmitted through the respective paths from the plurality of antennas of the broadcast signal transmitter to the plurality of antennas of the broadcast signal receiver may be transmitted through completely different channels, or may be transmitted through the same or nearly similar channels. If signals transmitted over a plurality of channels using MIMO technology are transmitted through the same or nearly similar channels, the signal receiving apparatus cannot separate the received signals due to the high correlation between the channels. Therefore, a signal must be adaptively obtained by performing MIMO processing differently according to correlation between channels, and this method is called a hierarchical MIMO method.
  • a broadcast signal transceiver using a hierarchical MIMO scheme will be described.
  • FIG. 18 is a diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transceiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • 18A is a diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a broadcast signal transmitter includes an FEC encoder for encoding input PLP data and bit interleaving in units of one FEC block for encoded PLP data.
  • a demultiplexer for performing a first symbol mapper and a second symbol mapper for demultiplexing data into MSB (least significant bit) and LSB (least significant bit) of bits to be symbol-mapped and outputting the first and second paths
  • a MIMO encoder for receiving symbol-mapped symbols and MIMO encoding the received symbols, a first frame mapper and a second frame mapper for forming signal frames to be transmitted in a first path and a second path, respectively, an OFDM scheme
  • the first frame may include a first OFDM modulator and a second OFDM modulator for modulating the signal frame and transmitting the modulated signal through the first antenna and the second antenna.
  • the symbol mapping schemes of the first symbol mapper and the second symbol mapper may be different. Therefore, assuming that a data amount of (M + N) bps / Hz is simultaneously transmitted through two antennas, the first symbol mapper uses a data amount of M bps / Hz, and the second symbol mapper uses a data amount of N bps / Hz. Each can be symbol mapped.
  • 18B is a diagram illustrating a broadcast signal receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal receiver includes a first operation for acquiring synchronization in a time and frequency domain of a signal received from a first antenna and a second antenna.
  • a base OFDM and a second synchronizer respectively, a first OFDM demodulator and a second OFDM demodulator that perform demodulation by OFDM on the signals obtained through synchronization and perform channel equalization on the signals received through the two antennas, respectively
  • a first frame parser and a second frame parser capable of parsing a signal frame from the equalized signals in two antenna paths, and channel information are calculated using channel information, and the signal frame parsed according to the calculated channel correlation.
  • a hierarchical MIMO decoder that performs MIMO decoding differently on a signal included in a signal, for signals separated by the MIMO decoder according to an output control signal.
  • an FEC decoder that performs error correction decoding on the data merger and the bit stream output by the data merger.
  • the first symbol demapper and the second symbol demapper receive symbols output by the MIMO decoder separately and perform symbol demapping on the received symbols according to the respective symbol mapping schemes.
  • the bit streams corresponding to the MSB and LSB of the received data may be output.
  • the third symbol demapper may perform symbol demapping on symbols of a signal in which signals transmitted through each antenna path are combined.
  • the data rate may vary according to the symbol mapping scheme, and when data is transmitted through more than two transmission paths, the difference in the data rate may increase according to the symbol mapping scheme. In this case, the data rate may be adjusted using different symbol mapping schemes as many as the number of transmission paths.
  • This method is called a hybrid MIMO method, and hereinafter, a broadcast signal transmitter / receiver using a hybrid MIMO method will be described.
  • FIG. 19 illustrates a broadcast signal transceiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 19A is a diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a broadcast signal transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention includes a plurality of FEC encoders and error correction coded data that perform error correction encoding on data to be transmitted according to a specific error correction code scheme.
  • Demultiplexer outputs divided into a plurality of paths corresponding to the number of antennas of the first, the first symbol mapper and the second symbol mapper for symbol mapping the data input through each path, the power control of the symbols so that the balls are transmitted at the optimum power
  • Each of the first OFDM module can modulate a signal frame by the OFDM scheme, and transmit the modulated signal through each antenna. It may include the data and a 2 OFDM modulator.
  • the symbol mapping method of the first symbol mapper and the second symbol mapper may be different.
  • the first power corrector and the second power corrector may adjust the power of the symbols according to two different symbol mapping methods, for example, the average power of the symbols according to the two symbol mapping methods.
  • 19B is a diagram illustrating a broadcast signal transmitter according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • a broadcast signal transmitter includes a first synchronizer and a second synchronizer, a first OFDM demodulator and a second OFDM demodulator, a first frame parser, and a first frame parser. It may include a two frame parser, a MIMO decoder, a first power corrector and a second power corrector, a first symbol demapper, a second symbol demapper, a multiplexer, and an FEC decoder.
  • the broadcast signal receiver may demap signals received by a plurality of antennas according to different symbol demapping schemes using a hybrid MIMO scheme, and inverse of the broadcast signal transmitter illustrated in FIG. 19A. Since the process is performed, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
  • the present invention proposes a MIMO system using Scalable Video Coding (SVC).
  • SVC Scalable Video Coding
  • the SVC scheme is a coding method of a video developed to cope with various terminals, communication environments, and changes thereof.
  • the SVC method encodes a single video in a hierarchical manner to generate desired video quality, and transmits video data for the basic video quality in the base layer and additional video data for restoring the video quality in the enhancement layer.
  • the receiver may receive and decode only the video data of the base layer to obtain an image having basic quality, or may obtain a higher quality image by decoding the base layer video data and the enhancement layer video data according to the characteristics of the receiver. .
  • the base layer may mean video data corresponding to the base layer
  • the enhancement layer may mean video data corresponding to the enhancement layer.
  • the target of the SVC may not be the only video data
  • the base layer is data that can provide a basic service including basic video / audio / data corresponding to the base layer
  • the enhancement layer is an enhancement layer. It may be used as a meaning including data capable of providing a higher service including a higher picture / audio / data corresponding to the corresponding picture.
  • the broadcast system of the present invention provides a method of transmitting a base layer of an SVC on a path that can be received in an SISO or MISO method using an SVC scheme, and an enhancement layer of an SVC on a path that can be received in an MIMO method.
  • the base layer is received by SISO or MISO method to obtain an image of a basic quality
  • a base layer and an enhancement layer are received by a MIMO method to obtain a higher quality of image.
  • 20 is a diagram illustrating a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter and a transmission method using SVC according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter includes an SVC encoder 120100 for encoding a broadcast service into an SVC, and a MIMO encoder 120200 for distributing data through spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing to transmit data to a plurality of antennas. It may include. 20 shows a broadcast signal transmitter using a hierarchical modulation scheme.
  • the SVC encoder 120100 SVC encodes a broadcast service and outputs the broadcast service to the base layer and the enhancement layer.
  • the base layer is transmitted in the same manner in the first antenna (Ant 1; 120300) and the second antenna (Ant 2; 120400), and the enhancement layer is encoded in the MIMO encoder (120200) and is respectively the first antenna with the same data or different data. 120300 and the second antenna 120400.
  • the transmission system performs symbol mapping when data is modulated.
  • the figure for symbol mapping is as shown on the left (symbol mapper is not shown).
  • the broadcast signal transmitter performs hierarchical modulation to map bits corresponding to a base layer to a Most Significant Bit (MSB) portion of data to be modulated during symbol mapping, and bits corresponding to an enhancement layer to a Least Significant Bit (LSB) portion. can do.
  • MSB Most Significant Bit
  • LSB Least Significant Bit
  • FIG. 21 illustrates a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter and a transmission method using SVC according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the transmission apparatus includes an SVC encoder 121100 for encoding a broadcast signal transmitter into an SVC, and a MIMO encoder 121200 for distributing data through spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing to transmit data to a plurality of antennas.
  • 21 shows an embodiment of a transmission system using a frequency division multiplexing (FDM) method.
  • FDM frequency division multiplexing
  • the SVC encoder 121100 SVC encodes a broadcast service and outputs the broadcast service to the base layer and the enhancement layer.
  • the base layer is transmitted in the same manner in the first antenna (Ant 1; 121300) and the second antenna (Ant 2; 121400), and the enhancement layer is encoded in the MIMO encoder 121200, so that each of the first antennas is the same data or different data. It is transmitted to (121300) and the second antenna 121400.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may process data using an FDM scheme to increase data transmission efficiency, and in particular, may transmit data through a plurality of subcarriers using the OFDM scheme.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may transmit each signal by allocating subcarriers as subcarriers used to transmit SISO / MISO signals and subcarriers transmitting MIMO signals.
  • the base layer output from the SVC encoder 121100 may be transmitted in the same manner through a plurality of antennas through an SISO / MISO carrier, and the enhancement layer may be transmitted through a plurality of antennas through a MIMO carrier through MIMO encoding.
  • the broadcast signal receiver may receive an OFDM symbol to obtain a base layer by SISO / MISO decoding data corresponding to a SISO / MISO carrier, and obtain an enhancement layer by MIMO decoding data corresponding to a MIMO carrier. Thereafter, if MIMO decoding is not possible according to the channel condition and the receiving system, only the base layer may be used, and if MIMO decoding is possible, the service layer may be restored and provided by including the enhancement layer.
  • the MIMO encoder 121200 since the MIMO processing is performed after the bit information of the service is mapped to the symbol, the MIMO encoder 121200 may be located after the symbol mapper, so that the structure of the broadcast signal transmitter is simpler than in the embodiment shown in FIG. It may be done.
  • FIG. 22 is a diagram illustrating a MIMO broadcast signal transmitter and a transmission method using SVC according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter includes an SVC encoder 122100 for encoding a broadcast service into an SVC, and a MIMO encoder 122200 for distributing data through spatial diversity or spatial multiplexing to transmit data to a plurality of antennas.
  • FIG. 22 shows an embodiment of a transmission apparatus using a time division multiplexing (TDM) method.
  • TDM time division multiplexing
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may transmit the SVC encoded base layer and the enhancement layer through the SISO / MISO slot and the MIMO slot, respectively.
  • This slot may be a slot of a time or frequency unit of a transmission signal, and is illustrated as a time slot in the embodiment of FIG. 22.
  • This slot may also be a PLP.
  • the broadcast signal receiver determines what type of slot is being received, and receives a base layer from an SISO / MISO slot and an enhancement layer from a MIMO slot.
  • the reception system may restore the service using only the base layer or perform the MIMO decoding together with the enhancement layer to restore the service according to the channel or the receiver.
  • MIMO broadcast data including a base layer and an enhancement layer may be generated by one of the first to third embodiments, and may also be generated by a combination of one or more of them.
  • the MIMO broadcast data may be included in a specific PLP and transmitted separately from the PLP including terrestrial broadcast data.
  • a specific PLP is used to transmit MIMO broadcast data, and additionally, signaling information for describing this may be transmitted.
  • a specific PLP including MIMO broadcast data may be referred to as a MIMO broadcast PLP
  • a PLP including existing terrestrial broadcast data may be referred to as a terrestrial broadcast PLP.
  • a specific frame is used to transmit MIMO broadcast data, and may additionally transmit signaling information for describing this.
  • the specific frame may be the FEF described with reference to FIG. 13.
  • a specific frame including the MIMO broadcast data is called a MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the PLP including the MIMO broadcast data may be transmitted through the terrestrial broadcast frame and the MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the MIMO broadcast frame also includes L1 signaling information, and information about the MIMO broadcast PLP present in the frame may be transmitted together with the L1 signaling information of the terrestrial broadcast frame.
  • the base layer may be transmitted to the PLP or the carrier of the SISO / MISO scheme
  • the enhancement layer may be transmitted to the PLP or the carrier of the MIMO scheme.
  • the ratio of the PLP or carrier of the SISO / MISO scheme and the PLP or carrier of the MIMO scheme may vary from 0 to 100%, and the ratio may be set differently for each frame.
  • FIG. 23 is a diagram illustrating a transmission frame structure transmitted by a terrestrial broadcasting system to which a MIMO transmission system using SVC is applied according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 23 corresponds to an embodiment of a broadcast signal using at least one of the methods and methods (1) to (3) described with reference to FIGS. 20 to 22.
  • the MIMO broadcast PLP may exist in the terrestrial broadcast frame and the MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the MIMO broadcast PLP included in the existing frame is a base layer, and the MIMO broadcast PLP including the MIMO broadcast frame is an enhancement layer and may be transmitted in an SISO, MISO, or MIMO scheme.
  • FIG. 23B shows a broadcast signal including a terrestrial broadcast frame and a MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the MIMO broadcast PLP may exist only in the MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the MIMO broadcast PLP may include a PLP including a base layer and a PLP including an enhancement layer.
  • FIG. 23C transmits a broadcast signal including a terrestrial broadcast frame and a MIMO broadcast frame.
  • MIMO broadcast data exists only within a MIMO broadcast frame.
  • the base layer and the enhancement layer may not be transmitted by being divided into PLPs but may be transmitted by being divided into carriers. That is, as described with reference to FIG. 21, data corresponding to the base layer and data corresponding to the enhancement layer may be allocated to separate subcarriers and then OFDM modulated and transmitted.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may input and process a base layer and an enhancement layer by dividing them into PLPs.
  • the base layer may be included in PLP0 and the enhancement layer may be included in PLP1.
  • the broadcast signal receiver corresponding thereto may receive and process a broadcast signal in which the base layer and the enhancement layer are divided into PLPs.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may transmit the base layer and the enhancement layer together in one PLP.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may include an SVC encoder that SVC-encodes data and outputs it as an enhancement with the base layer.
  • the broadcast signal receiver corresponding thereto may receive and process a broadcast signal in which the base layer and the enhancement layer are transmitted to one PLP.
  • Various technologies have been introduced to increase transmission efficiency and perform robust communication in digital broadcasting systems. As one of them, a method of using a plurality of antennas at a transmitting side or a receiving side has been proposed, and a single antenna transmission single antenna reception scheme (SISO), a single antenna transmission multiple antenna reception scheme (SISO) SIMO; Single-Input Multi-Output (Multi-Input) Multi-antenna transmission may be divided into a single antenna reception method (MISO; Multi-Input Sinle-Output), a multi-antenna transmission multi-antenna reception method (MIMO; Multi-Input Multi-Output).
  • MISO Single antenna transmission single antenna reception scheme
  • MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
  • MIMO Multi-Input Multi-Output
  • the multi-antenna may be described as an example of two antennas for convenience of description, but this description of the present invention can be applied to a system using two or more antennas.
  • the SISO scheme represents a general broadcast system using one transmit antenna and one receive antenna.
  • the SIMO method represents a broadcast system using one transmitting antenna and a plurality of receiving antennas.
  • the MISO scheme represents a broadcast system that provides transmit diversity using a plurality of transmit antennas and a plurality of receive antennas.
  • the MISO scheme represents an Alamouti scheme.
  • the MISO scheme refers to a scheme in which data can be received with one antenna without performance loss. In the reception system, the same data may be received by a plurality of reception antennas to improve performance, but even in this case, the description is included in the scope of the MISO.
  • the MIMO scheme represents a broadcast system that provides transmit / receive diversity and high transmission efficiency by using a plurality of transmit antennas and a plurality of receive antennas.
  • the MIMO scheme processes signals differently in time and space, and transmits a plurality of data streams through parallel paths operating simultaneously in the same frequency band to achieve diversity effects and high transmission efficiency.
  • SM spatial multiplexing
  • GC golden code
  • a modulation method may be expressed as quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM) when transmitting a broadcast signal. That is, when M is 2, a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) scheme may be represented by 2-QAM, and when Q is 4, quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK) may be represented by 4-QAM. M may represent the number of symbols used for modulation.
  • BPSK binary phase shift keying
  • QPSK quadrature phase shift keying
  • a MIMO system will be described by using two transmission antennas to transmit two broadcast signals and two reception antennas to receive two broadcast signals by way of example.
  • FIG. 24 is a diagram illustrating a MIMO transceiving system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmission system includes an input signal generator 201010, a MIMO encoder 201020, a first transmission antenna 201030, and a second transmission antenna 201040.
  • the input signal generator 201010 may be referred to as a divider and the MIMO encoder 201020 may be referred to as a MIMO processor.
  • the MIMO receiving system may include a first receiving antenna 201050, a second receiving antenna 201060, a MIMO decoder 201070, and an output signal generator 201080.
  • the output signal generator 201080 may be referred to as a merger
  • the MIMO decoder 201070 may be referred to as an ML detector.
  • the input signal generator 201010 generates a plurality of input signals for transmitting to a plurality of antennas. That is, the first input signal S1 and the second input signal S2 for MIMO transmission may be output by dividing the input signal or data to be transmitted into two input signals.
  • the MIMO encoder 201020 performs MIMO encoding on the plurality of input signals S1 and S2 to output the first transmission signal St1 and the second transmission signal St2 for MIMO transmission, and each of the output transmission signals is required signal processing. And may be transmitted through the first antenna 201030 and the second antenna 201040 through a modulation process.
  • the MIMO encoder 201020 may perform encoding on a symbol basis.
  • the MIMO encoding method the above-described SM technique and GC technique may be used.
  • the present invention proposes a new MIMO encoding method.
  • the MIMO encoder may MIMO encode a plurality of input signals using the MIMO encoding method described below.
  • MIMO encoder may also be referred to as MIMO processor hereinafter. That is, the MIMO encoder outputs a plurality of transmission signals by processing the plurality of input signals according to the MIMO matrix and the parameter values of the MIMO matrix proposed below.
  • the input signal generator 201010 is an element that outputs a plurality of input signals for MIMO encoding, and may be an element such as a demultiplexer or a frame builder according to a transmission system. Also included in the MIMO encoder 201020, the MIMO encoder 201020 may generate a plurality of input signals and perform encoding on the plurality of input signals generated.
  • the MIMO encoder 201020 represents a device that outputs a plurality of signals by MIMO encoding or MIMO processing so as to obtain diversity gain and multiplexing gain of the MIMO transmission system.
  • a plurality of devices are provided to process signals in parallel, or sequentially or simultaneously in one device having a memory. You can process the signal.
  • the MIMO reception system receives the first reception signal Sr1 and the second reception signal Sr2 using the first reception antenna 201050 and the second reception antenna 201060.
  • the MIMO decoder 201070 processes the first received signal and the second received signal to output a first output signal and a second output signal.
  • the MIMO decoder 201070 processes the first received signal and the second received signal according to the MIMO encoding method used by the MIMO encoder 201020.
  • the MIMO decoder 201070 outputs the first output signal and the second output signal using information on the MIMO matrix, the received signal, and the channel environment used by the MIMO encoder in the transmission system as the ML detector.
  • the first output signal and the second output signal may include probability information for bits that are not bit values, and the first output signal and the second output signal may be FEC decoding. It may be converted into a bit value through.
  • the MIMO decoder of the MIMO receiving system processes the first received signal and the second received signal according to the QAM type of the first input signal and the second input signal processed by the MIMO transmission system. Since the first and second received signals received by the MIMO receiving system are signals in which the first input signal and the second input signal of the same QAM type or different QAM types are transmitted by MIMO encoding, the MIMO receiving system may not be able to identify the received signal. It is possible to determine whether the combination of the QAM type, MIMO decoding the received signal. Therefore, the MIMO transmission system may transmit information identifying the QAM type of the transmission signal to the transmission signal, wherein the information identifying the QAM type of the transmission signal may be included in the preamble portion of the transmission signal.
  • the MIMO receiving system may identify the combination of the QAM type (M-QAM + M-QAM or M-QAM + N-QAM) of the received signal from the information identifying the QAM type of the transmitted signal, thereby MIMO decoding the received signal. have.
  • the SM technique is a method of simultaneously transmitting data to be transmitted to a plurality of antennas without separate encoding for a separate MIMO scheme.
  • the receiver may acquire information from data simultaneously received by the plurality of receive antennas.
  • the ML (Maximum Likelihood) decoder used for signal recovery in a receiver has a relatively low complexity because it only needs to examine a plurality of received signal combinations.
  • transmission diversity cannot be expected at the transmitting side.
  • the MIMO encoder bypasses a plurality of input signals, and this bypass processing may be expressed by MIMO encoding.
  • the GC scheme is a method of encoding data to be transmitted with a predetermined rule (for example, an encoding method using a golden code) and transmitting the same to a plurality of antennas. If there are two antennas, the GC scheme encodes using a 2x2 matrix, so that transmit diversity at the transmit side is obtained.
  • a predetermined rule for example, an encoding method using a golden code
  • the GC scheme encodes using a 2x2 matrix, so that transmit diversity at the transmit side is obtained.
  • the ML decoder of the receiver has a disadvantage in that complexity is increased because four signal combinations must be examined.
  • the GC scheme has the advantage that robust communication is possible in that transmit diversity is obtained compared to the SM scheme. However, this compares the case where only the GC technique and the SM technique are used for data processing during data transmission, and when data is transmitted by using separate data coding (or outer coding) together.
  • the transmit diversity of the GC scheme may not provide additional gain. This phenomenon is particularly evident when such outer coding has a large minimum Hamming distance.
  • the Hamming distance represents the number of bits whose corresponding bit values do not match between binary codes having the same number of bits.
  • the transmit diversity of the GC scheme has an additional gain over the SM scheme.
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • 25 is a BER / SNR chart illustrating performance differences between a GC scheme and an SM scheme using an outer code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 25 illustrates the BER / SNR performance of the GC scheme and the SC scheme according to the code rate of the outer code, using a QPSK modulation scheme and assuming a Rayleigh channel environment.
  • the ray channel environment represents a channel having no correlation between paths in MIMO transmission and reception.
  • the SM scheme outperforms the GC scheme.
  • the GC transmit diversity gain is greater than the performance improvement by coding. It can be seen that it shows better performance than the SM technique.
  • FIG. 26 is a BER / SNR chart illustrating performance differences between a GC scheme and an SM scheme according to a modulation scheme and a code rate of an outer code according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the chart 203010 uses an outer code having a QPSK modulation scheme and a code rate of 1/2
  • the chart 203020 shows a QPSK modulation scheme and a code of 3/4.
  • the chart 203030 shows a case where an outer code having a code rate of 5/6 and a modulation scheme of 64-QAM are used.
  • the SM technique is the GC technique when the code rate is low (1/2) as in the chart (203010) and when the QAM size is large (64-QAM) as the chart (203030). You can see that it shows better performance.
  • the present invention intends to design a more efficient MIMO broadcasting system by using a strong outer code while using a low complexity SM scheme.
  • the SM scheme may cause a problem in recovering the received signal.
  • FIG. 27 is a diagram illustrating a data transmission / reception method according to MIMO transmission of an SM scheme in a channel environment according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmission system may send an input signal 1 (S1) and an input signal 2 (S2) to the transmission antenna 1 and the transmission antenna 2, respectively, by the SM scheme.
  • FIG. 27 corresponds to an embodiment of transmitting a symbol modulated with 4-QAM at a transmitter.
  • Receive antenna 1 receives signals in two paths, and in the channel environment of FIG. 27, the received signal of receive antenna 1 is equal to S1 * h 11 + S2 * h 21 , and the received signal of receive antenna 2 is S1 * h 12 + S2. * h 22 is the same.
  • the receiver can recover data by acquiring S1 and S2 through channel estimation.
  • the transmit and receive paths are independent of each other, and this environment will be referred to below as un-correlated.
  • the correlation between the channels of the transmission and reception paths may be very high, such as a line of sight (LOS) environment, which is referred to as fully correlated.
  • LOS line of sight
  • the reception antenna 1 and the reception antenna 2 receive the same reception signal (S1 + S2).
  • the receiving antenna 1 and the receiving antenna 2 both receive the same signal as the signal plus the transmission signals.
  • the receiver does not receive a 16-QAM symbol added with a signal S1 represented by a 4-QAM symbol and S2 represented by a 4-QAM symbol, and 9 symbols as shown in the right figure. Since the signal S1 + S2 is expressed, it is impossible to recover S1 and S2 separately.
  • the received signal passing through the correlation channel may be expressed as a signal obtained by adding the transmission signals transmitted from the transmission system. That is, when two antennas transmit the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal in the transmission system, the received signal passing through the correlation channel is assumed to be a signal obtained by adding the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal. To explain.
  • the receiver cannot recover the signal transmitted by MIMO using the SM technique.
  • processing such as changing a transmission method by notifying the transmitter of such a channel state through a feedback channel between the transceivers is possible.
  • bidirectional communication through a feedback channel may be difficult, and the number of receivers per transmitter is large and the range is very wide, thus making it difficult to cope with various channel environment changes. Therefore, if the SM scheme is used in such a correlation channel environment, the receiver cannot use the service and the cost is increased because it is difficult to cope with such an environment unless the coverage of the broadcasting network is reduced.
  • the present invention intends to design a MIMO system such that a signal received through the channel satisfies the following conditions so as to overcome the case where the MIMO channel is an correlation channel.
  • the received signal should be able to represent both original signals S1 and S2.
  • the coordinates of the constellation received at the receiver should be able to uniquely represent the sequence of S1 and S2.
  • Euclidean distance represents the distance between coordinates on the constellation.
  • the present invention first proposes a MIMO encoding method using a MIMO encoding matrix including a parameter a as shown in Equation 1 below.
  • Equation 2 the received signals 1 (Rx1) and 2 (Rx2) received by the antenna 1 and the antenna 2 are represented by the following Equation 2
  • the MIMO channel is correlated, it is calculated as shown in the last line of Equation 2.
  • S1 and S2 are each designed to have a different power, it can be used to secure the toughness.
  • the MIMO encoder may encode the input signals such that the input signals S1 and S2 have different powers according to the encoding parameter a, and S1 and S2 are received in different distributions even in the correlation channel. For example, by encoding S1 and S2 to have different powers, and transmitting them to constellations with different Euclidean distances by normalization, the input signals can be separated and recovered even if the receiver experiences a correlation channel. .
  • Equation 3 The above MIMO encoding matrix is expressed by Equation 3 considering the normalization factor.
  • the MIMO encoding of the MIMO encoder using the MIMO encoding matrix as in Equation 2 rotates the input signals by an arbitrary angle (theta) that can be represented by the encoding parameter a, thereby cosine the rotated signal.
  • the component and the sine component are separated separately and the +/- signs are assigned to the separated components and transmitted to other antennas, respectively.
  • the MIMO encoder transmits the cosine component of the input signal S1 and the sine component of the input signal S2 to one transmission antenna, and the sine component of the input signal S1 and the cosine component with the minus sign of the input signal S2 to the other transmission antenna. Can be encoded.
  • the rotation angle changes according to the change of the encoding parameter a value, and the power distribution between the input signals S1 and S2 varies according to the value and angle of this parameter. Since the changed power distribution can be expressed as the distance between the symbol coordinates in the constellation, the input signals encoded in this way are represented by different constellations even though they have undergone the correlation channel at the receiving end, thereby being identified, separated, and recovered.
  • the MIMO encoder can encode the input signal S1 and the input signal S2 into signals having different Euclidean distances according to the a value, and the encoded transmission signals can be received and restored with constellations identifiable at the receiving end. have.
  • Equation 4 MIMO encoding of the input signal using the above-described MIMO encoding matrix
  • Equation 4 S1 and S2 represent normalized QAM symbols of constellations mapped in the symbol mapper of the MIMO path of the input signal S1 and the input signal S2, respectively.
  • X1 and X2 represent MIMO encoded symbols, respectively.
  • the MIMO encoder includes a symbol corresponding to X1 by applying a matrix such as Equation 4 to a first input signal including symbols corresponding to S1 and a second input signal including symbols corresponding to S2. Symbols of the transmission signal X2 including symbols corresponding to the first transmission signal and X2 may be output.
  • the MIMO encoder may perform encoding by further adjusting the encoding parameter a value while performing MIMO encoding on the input signals using the MIMO encoding matrix as described above. That is, consideration and adjustment of additional data recovery performance of the MIMO transmission / reception system may be optimized by adjusting the parameter a, which will be described in detail below.
  • a power imbalance situation may occur between signals transmitted through respective communication paths. That is, signals transmitted from a plurality of transmit antennas may be transmitted to the receiver with different powers, and in the worst case, a case in which only signals transmitted from one transmit antenna may be received.
  • the following describes a MIMO encoding method that can minimize performance degradation, particularly in such power imbalance situations.
  • a value can be calculated in consideration of Euclidean distance.
  • the transmission signal St1 is an M-QAM symbol and the transmission signal St2 is an N-QAM symbol
  • the signal St1 + St2 received at the receiver through the correlated MIMO channel is (M * N). -QAM signal.
  • FIG. 28 illustrates an input signal and a transmission signal on which the MIMO encoding method according to the first embodiment of the present invention is performed.
  • input signal S1 has constellation 205010 with 16-QAM symbols and input signal S2 has constellation 205020 with 16-QAM symbols.
  • MIMO encoding the input signal S1 and the input signal 2 using the MIMO encoding matrix the encoded transmission signals St1 and St2 transmitted by antenna 1 (Tx1) and antenna 2 (Tx2) become 256-QAM symbols, and the encoded transmission signal Their constellations do not have a minimum Euclidean distance.
  • the a value may be determined by optimizing the Euclidean distance based on the received signal, that is, the signal plus the transmission signals St1 and St2, but in this case, the decoding performance may be degraded in the power imbalance situation.
  • Equation 5 A value for optimizing Euclidean distance based on the transmission signals is expressed by Equation 5.
  • the constellations of the transmission signals St1 and St2 are respectively constellation 205030 and constellation 205040.
  • the Euclidean distance is uniformly distributed. Therefore, when the MIMO encoding method as in the first embodiment is used, since the Euclidean distance of the transmission signal received in the power balance situation is optimized, it can be seen that reception performance degradation is minimized.
  • Second Embodiment MIMO Encoding Method Considering Gray Mapping in addition to Euclidean Distance
  • a MIMO encoding method in which a transmission signal passing through a correlation channel has gray mapping in a power imbalance situation with a value set so that Euclidean distance is optimized. do.
  • the sign of the real and imaginary parts of S2 of the input signals S1 and S2 can be changed according to the value of S1 so that each of the transmitted signals is gray mapped.
  • the change of the data value included in S2 may be performed using a method such as Equation 6 below.
  • the MIMO encoder may perform MIMO encoding by changing the sign of the input signal 2 according to the value of S1 while using the MIMO encoding matrix used in the first embodiment.
  • the first transmission signal and the first 2 Transmission signal can be output.
  • the XOR operation is performed on the bit values assigned to the real part and the imaginary part of S1 in the input signals S1 and S2, respectively, and the sign of the real part and the imaginary part of S2 is determined according to the result.
  • the transmission signal 1 and the transmission signal 2 applying the MIMO encoding matrix to the signal S1 and the input signal S2 may be transmitted by the antenna 1 and the antenna 2, respectively.
  • Each symbol of each of the transmission signal 1 and the transmission signal 2 has gray mapping, so that the hamming distance between adjacent symbols does not exceed two.
  • the second embodiment can expect the same performance as the SIMO method even in a power balance situation.
  • the value of S2 depends on S1 when the ML decoder decodes the received signal and acquires S1 and S2, complexity may increase, and performance may deteriorate due to correlation between input signals in an uncorrelated MIMO channel.
  • Third embodiment MIMO encoding method for setting MIMO encoding parameter in consideration of Hamming distance in addition to Euclidean distance
  • the value of a is set so that the Euclidean distance is optimized in consideration of the hamming distance of the transmission signal without the entire constellation of the transmission signal having the minimum Euclidean distance.
  • the encoding matrix can be designed such that the square of Euclidean distance between the points is twice the square of the Judidian distance between the points when Hamming distance is 1; have.
  • the Euclidean distance is adjusted to compensate for the difference in recovery performance due to the difference in Hamming distance with the power difference.
  • the method of setting the a value will be described in more detail.
  • the hamming distance of the interval between constellation internal symbols representing the first input signal of the constellation is 1/2 smaller than the Hamming distance of the interval between symbols between the constellations representing the first input signal.
  • the Euclidean distance can be adjusted so that the internal section maintains twice the power difference of the adjacent section and the Hamming distance difference is compensated for.
  • the adjacent section has twice the Hamming distance of the inner section.
  • the difference in the number of other bits is twice, and the interval having twice the hamming distance is adjusted more widely to the Euclidean distance to have more power, so that the difference in the hamming distance when the received signal is recovered.
  • the Euclidean distance is adjusted to compensate for the difference in recovery performance due to the difference in hamming distance as the difference in power.
  • FIG. 29 is a diagram illustrating an input signal and a transmission signal that perform a MIMO encoding method according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • the input signal S1 has a constellation 207010 as a 16-QAM symbol
  • the input signal S2 has a constellation 207020 as a 16-QAM symbol.
  • the encoded transmission signal St1 and the antenna 1 (Tx1) and the antenna 2 (Tx2) are transmitted.
  • St2 becomes a 256-QAM symbol and the constellations of the encoded transmit signals have constellations 207030 and 207040 with Euclidean distance considering Hamming distance.
  • each of the transmission signals has a symbol distribution having Euclidean distance in consideration of Hamming distance, performance loss can be minimized even when the receiver receives and decodes only one of the respective transmission signals in a power balance situation. have.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter and the broadcast signal receiver using the MIMO scheme may be referred to as a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver, respectively.
  • FIG. 30 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmitter and the MIMO receiver of FIG. 30 are embodiments for performing MIMO communication using two antennas, respectively.
  • the modulation scheme of the input signal is the same. That is, an embodiment of the case where two input signals for transmitting using two antennas are QPSK + QPSK and 16-QAM + 16-QAM, respectively.
  • M-QAM + M-QAM it will be expressed as M-QAM + M-QAM.
  • the input data may be processed in units of streams or physical layer pipes (PLPs).
  • the PLP is a physical layer pipe, and each service in the present invention may be transmitted and received through multiple RF channels.
  • the PLP may be viewed as a physical layer time division multiplex (TDM) channel carrying one or more services. have.
  • TDM physical layer time division multiplex
  • the unit in which the physical layer is identifiable in the physical layer or the path through which such a service is transmitted is called a PLP.
  • the PLP may be located in slots that are distributed at a time interval over a plurality of RF channels, or may be distributed at a time interval on one RF channel.
  • Such a signal frame may transmit PLPs distributed over at least one RF channel in time. In other words, one PLP may be transmitted distributed in time in one RF channel or multiple RF channels.
  • the MIMO transmitter includes a Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation (BICM) module 30010, a frame builder 30020, a frequency interleaver 30030, a MIMO encoder 30040 and an OFDM generator 30050, and the BICM module 30010 includes: FEC encoder 30060, bit interleaver 30070, demultiplexer (DEMUX) 30080, symbol mapper 30090, and time interleaver 30100.
  • the MIMO encoder 30040 may also be referred to as a MIMO processor.
  • the MIMO receiver includes an OFDM demodulator 30110, a MIMO decoder 30120, a frequency deinterleaver 30130, a frame parser 30140, a time deinterleaver 30150, a multiplexer (MUX: 30160), a bit deinterleaver 30170, and An FEC decoder 30180.
  • the time deinterleaver 30150, the multiplexer 30160, the bit deinterleaver 30170, and the FEC decoder perform reverse processing of the BICM module and may be referred to as a BICM decoding module 30190 hereinafter.
  • the MIMO decoder 30120 may be referred to as a MIMO Maximum Likelihood (ML) detector.
  • ML Maximum Likelihood
  • FIG. 30 illustrates and illustrates an example in which one PLP is input to the BICM module 30010.
  • the BICM module may be provided in plural, and PLPs which have been separately BICM processed may be input to the frame builder 30020.
  • BICM module 30010 encrypts and interleaves data.
  • the input PLP unit bit stream is encoded by using an outer code in the FEC encoder 30050.
  • the FEC encoder 30060 may add and encode redundancy for error correction using an outer code such as Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham (BCH) / Low Density Parity Check (LDPC) code.
  • BCH Bose-Chaudhuri-Hocquengham
  • LDPC Low Density Parity Check
  • the bit interleaver 30070 interleaves the encoded bit stream in bit units and outputs the interleaved bit stream.
  • the demultiplexer 30080 adjusts the bit output order of the bit stream, in order to distribute and distribute the distribution of data reliability generated in LDPC encoding when performing symbol mapping.
  • the demultiplexer 30080 demultiplexes the bit stream on an M-QAM basis and outputs the demultiplexer.
  • the symbol mapper 30090 performs M-QAM gray mapping on the bit stream output from the demultiplexer 30080 and outputs an M-QAM symbol stream.
  • the time interleaver 30100 interleaves a symbol stream in time units, and in particular, time interleaves symbols from one or a plurality of LDPC blocks. In FIG. 30, signal processing in blocks after the symbol mapper may be performed in symbol units.
  • the frame builder 30020 arranges the symbols of the PLP unit output through each BICM path in the frame.
  • the frame builder 30020 further performs a role of an input signal generator that generates or arranges a plurality of input signals for MIMO transmission.
  • the frame builder 30020 in the MIMO transmitter may arrange symbols such that different PLPs are not MIMO encoded together.
  • the frame builder 30020 may generate two output signals by arranging two different symbols in the same cell position.
  • the frequency interleaver 30030 interleaves the two symbol data in the same pattern in the frequency domain.
  • the MIMO encoder 30040 performs MIMO encoding on two input signals for two antennas, that is, two symbol data output from the frequency interleaver 30030.
  • the MIMO encoding used may use the same MIMO encoding method as the above-described first to third embodiments, and accordingly, the above-described MIMO encoding matrix may be used.
  • the OFDM generator 30050 may perform OFDM modulation on MIMO encoded symbol data and transmit the same. Although not shown in FIG. 30, the OFDM generator 30050 performs an Inverse Fast Furier Transform on a signal to modulate the signal into a plurality of subcarriers, and an ACE (Active Constellation). PAPR reduction module for reducing peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) in modulated OFDM signals using at least one of an Extension or Tone Reservation scheme, and a GI insertion module for inserting guard intervals into OFDM signals. It may include a P1 insertion module for inserting a preamble for the L1 signaling information and a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC) for converting the processed digital signal into an analog signal.
  • DAC digital-to-analogue converter
  • the MIMO encoder 30040 may perform MISO processing or perform SISO processing in addition to MIMO encoding.
  • the transmitter when only MIMO processing is performed, the transmitter may use two antennas, and when MISO processing is additionally performed, a total of four antennas may be used.
  • MISO processing when all PLPs are transmitted by SISO processing, one to four antennas can be used arbitrarily.
  • the MIMO receiver uses at least two antennas for receiving the MIMO signal.
  • the received signal is an SISO signal or an MISO signal
  • at least one antenna may be used.
  • the frequency interleaver 30030 and the OFDM generator 30050 are provided in parallel by the number of input signals transmitted to the plurality of antennas in the MIMO scheme, so that the above-described operations can be performed in parallel.
  • one frequency interleaver 30030 and the OFDM generator 30050 may include a memory to process a plurality of signals in parallel.
  • the OFDM demodulator 30110 OFDM demodulates a plurality of received signals received from a plurality of antennas and outputs a plurality of symbol data and channel information.
  • the received signal may be converted into a signal having a frequency dimension by fast Fourier transform (FFT) processing, and channel information may be obtained using a pilot included in the received signal.
  • FFT fast Fourier transform
  • the OFDM demodulator 30110 detects and decodes an ADC (Analogue-to-Digital Converter) for converting a received analog signal into a digital signal, a P1 signal including L1 signaling information, and decodes the current from the P1 signal.
  • ADC Analogue-to-Digital Converter
  • a P1 detection and decoding module for finding out what frame configuration the received signal has, a time / frequency synchronization unit for detecting guard intervals to perform time synchronization and frequency synchronization, and a GI removal unit for removing guard intervals after synchronization is performed;
  • An FFT module may perform fast Fourier transform to demodulate signals of a plurality of subcarriers, and a channel estimator may estimate a transmission channel from a transmitter to a receiver from pilot signals inserted in a frequency domain.
  • the MIMO decoder 30120 processes the channel information obtained from the OFDM demodulator 30110 and the plurality of received symbol data to output a plurality of output signals.
  • the MIMO decoder 30120 may use Equation 8 below.
  • Equation 8 yh, t denotes a signal received at the receiver, and h denotes a received channel, which represents a channel received for each receiving antenna, and thus represents a received signal passing through a channel corresponding to time t.
  • Hh, t represents channel information experienced by the received signal.
  • h may be represented by a 2 ⁇ 2 matrix representing a MIMO channel, and t represents a time unit.
  • W denotes a MIMO encoding matrix
  • Ss denotes an input signal before MIMO encoding, as a transmitted QAM signal. Small s is a unit for two signals used for MIMO transmission.
  • the receiver Since represents the difference between the received signal vector (which has been two signals at the same time, it can be referred to as a vector) and the transmitted signal bettor, we want to find a vector Ss that minimizes this. Therefore, since the receiver knows yh, t, Hh, t, and W, Equation 8 is used to compare the probability S1 of the corresponding bit (1) and the probability S0 of the corresponding bit (0) in the log domain. Likelihood Ratio) can be obtained.
  • the MIMO decoder 30120 finds a signal closest to the transmission signal from the received signal using Equation 8, and since the information obtained as a result of detection is a probability in bits, the MIMO decoder
  • the plurality of output signals at 30120 are data in bit units expressed by Log Likelihood Ratio (LLR).
  • LLR Log Likelihood Ratio
  • the MIMO decoder 30120 compares the received data with all combinations of data used for MIMO encoding and channel information to obtain an LLR value, which is the closest to the received data in order to reduce complexity.
  • Approximated ML method using only a value, and sphere decoding method using only a combination of a predetermined vicinity of a received signal may be used. That is, in FIG.
  • S1 and S2 may be a stream in bits.
  • the output signals are output signals corresponding to the QAM type of the transmission input signal.
  • WS and W in the equations used in the ML detector are MIMO encoding matrices, and include all encoding matrix matrices of the MIMO encoding method (first to third embodiments) proposed above.
  • the transmitter can transmit information indicative of the MIMO matrix used, and the receiver can use this information to identify and decode the MIMO matrix.
  • the receiver may use a preset MIMO matrix.
  • the frequency deinterleaver 30130 performs deinterleaving on a plurality of output signals in the reverse order of interleaving performed by the frequency interleaver 30030 of the transmitter.
  • the frequency interleaver 30030 of the transmitter performs frequency interleaving on a symbol basis, but since the frequency deinterleaver 30130 of the receiver uses LLR bit information, the LLR bit information belonging to one QAM symbol is rearranged in a symbol unit.
  • Output A plurality of frequency deinterleaver 30130 may be provided to perform frequency deinterleaving in parallel on each of the MIMO input signals.
  • the frame parser 30140 obtains and outputs only desired PLP data from the output data of the frequency deinterleaver 30130, and the time deinterleaver 30150 performs deinterleaving in the reverse order of the time interleaver 30100 of the transmitter.
  • the time deinterleaver 30150 also performs deinterleaving in units of bits unlike the transmitter, and rearranges and outputs the bit stream in consideration of LLR bit information.
  • the frame parser 30140 performs frame parsing on a plurality of input signals, rearranges the input signals into one stream, and outputs the input signals. That is, the frame parser 30140 further performs the operation of the output signal generator described with reference to FIG. 24, and blocks after the frame parser 30140 perform signal processing on one stream at the receiver.
  • the multiplexer 30160, the bit deinterleaver 30170, and the FEC decoder 30180 respectively perform reverse processes of the demultiplexer 30080, the bit interleaver 30070, and the FEC encoder 30060 of the receiver to output the recovered PLP. That is, the multiplexer 30160 rearranges the LLR bit information, the bit deinterleaver 30170 performs bit deinterleaving, and the FEC decoder 30180 performs LDPC / BCH decoding to correct an error to correct the bit data of the PLP. You can output The operation after the frame parser can be viewed as BICM decoding of the BICM decoding module 30190, which performs the reverse operation of the BICM module 30010 of the transmitter.
  • frequency interleaver 30030, frequency deinterleaver 30130, OFDM generator 30050, and OFDM demodulator 30110 are provided in plural to parallel the operations described above with respect to MIMO transmission / reception signals according to the number of MIMO transmission / reception signals.
  • the system may be replaced with a frequency interleaver 30030, a frequency deinterleaver 30130, an OFDM generator 30050, and an OFDM demodulator 30110, each of which includes a memory for processing a plurality of data at a time. It may be.
  • FIG. 31 illustrates a MIMO transmitter and a MIMO receiver according to another embodiment of the present invention.
  • the MIMO transmitter and the MIMO receiver of FIG. 31 are examples of a case where MIMO communication is performed using two antennas, respectively.
  • the modulation scheme of the input signal is the same. That is, an embodiment of the case where two input signals for transmitting using two antennas are QPSK + QPSK and 16-QAM + 16-QAM, respectively.
  • M-QAM + M-QAM it will be expressed as M-QAM + M-QAM.
  • the MIMO transmitter includes a Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation (BICM) module 31010, a frame builder 31020, a frequency interleaver 31030, and an OFDM generator 31040, wherein the BICM module 31010 includes an FEC encoder 31050, A bit interleaver 31060, a demultiplexer (DEMUX) 31070, a symbol mapper 31080, a MIMO encoder 31090, and a time interleaver 31100.
  • BICM Bit Interleaved Coding and Modulation
  • the MIMO receiver includes an OFDM demodulator 31110, a frequency deinterleaver 31120, a frame parser 31130, a time deinterleaver 31140, a MIMO ML (Maximum Likelihood) detector 31150, a multiplexer (MUX: 31160), and a bit demultiplexer.
  • Interleaver 31170 and FEC decoder 31180 The time deinterleaver 31150, the multiplexer 31160, the bit deinterleaver 31170, and the FEC decoder perform reverse processing of the BICM module, and may be referred to as a BICM decoding module 31190 hereinafter.
  • the configuration and operation of the MIMO transmitter and MIMO receiver of FIG. 31 are similar to the configuration and operation of the MIMO transmitter and MIMO receiver described with reference to FIG. 30.
  • the same contents as the configurations and operations of the MIMO transmitter and the MIMO receiver of FIG. 30 will not be duplicated, and the differences will be described.
  • the MIMO encoder 31090 is located between the symbol mapper 31080 and the time interleaver 31100, that is, included in the BICM module. That is, unlike the frame builder outputting the QAM symbols to be MIMO encoded in parallel, the MIMO encoder 31090 receives the symbols output from the symbol mapper and arranges them in parallel, and outputs the data in parallel by MIMO encoding.
  • the MIMO encoder 31090 serves as an input signal generator to generate a plurality of input signals, and performs MIMO encoding to output a plurality of transmission signals.
  • MIMO transmission data output in parallel is processed and transmitted in parallel by one time interleaver 31100, frame builder 31020, frequency interleaver 31030, and OFDM generator 31040 which process a plurality or internally in parallel.
  • time interleaver 31100 the frame builder 31020, the frequency interleaver 31030, and the OFDM generator 31040 are respectively provided and output from the MIMO encoder 31090. You can also process the data in parallel.
  • a MIMO decoder 31150 is positioned between the time deinterleaver 31140 and the multiplexer 31160. Accordingly, the OFDM demodulator 31110, the frequency deinterleaver 31120, the frame parser 31130, and the time deinterleaver 31140 process the MIMO signals received by the plurality of antennas in the unit of symbols in a plurality of paths, and the MIMO decoder 31150. ) Converts the symbol unit data into LLR bit data and outputs the result.
  • the OFDM demodulator 31110, the frequency deinterleaver 31120, the frame parser 31130, and the time deinterleaver 31140 may be provided in plural or may include a memory capable of performing the above-described parallel processing. It may be replaced by one. Since the frequency deinterleaver 31120, the frame parser 31130, and the time deinterleaver 31140 all process symbol data, the complexity and memory requirements are reduced compared to the case of processing LLR bit information as in the embodiment of FIG. Can be.
  • the MIMO transmitter may transmit information indicating a combination of QAM types of input signals used in MIMO encoding.
  • the information indicating the QAM type that is, the modulation type may be included in the L1 post signaling information of FIG. 16. That is, the first and second input signals can be transmitted through an information transmission preamble part indicating the QAM type.
  • the first and second input signals have the same QAM type. That is, the MIMO decoder performs MIMO decoding by using a MIMO matrix suitable for the combination of the QAM types by using information indicating the combination of the QAM types of the input signals included in the received signal, and outputs output signals corresponding to the combination of the QAM types. do.
  • the output signals of this QAM type include data in bit units, and the data in bit units is a soft decision value representing the above-described probability of bits. These soft decision values may be converted to hard decision values through FEC decoding.
  • the devices corresponding to the input signal generator / output signal generator are represented by a frame builder / frame parser and a MIMO encoder / MIMO decoder, respectively.
  • the role of the input signal generator / output signal generator may be performed by another device element.
  • an input signal generator is performed in a demultiplexer, or an input signal generator is provided behind a demultiplexer, and a corresponding receiver system is an output signal generator in a multiplexer, or an output signal generator in front of a multiplexer. It may be provided.
  • a plurality of elements behind the input signal generator may be provided to process the output signals in parallel according to the number of output signals of the input signal generator.
  • a plurality of elements in front of the output signal generator may be provided to process the input signals in parallel according to the number of paths of the input signals input to the output signal generator.
  • 32 is a view showing a broadcast signal transmission method according to an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter generates a first input signal and a second input signal for MIMO transmission (S32010).
  • the first input signal and the second input signal are generated by the above-described input signal generator or divider, and the broadcast transmitter may generate the first input signal and the second input signal by dividing the data to be transmitted according to the MIMO transmission path.
  • the input signal generator or divider may perform the operation on other device elements.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter generates a first transmission signal and a second transmission signal by MIMO encoding the first input signal and the second input signal (S32020).
  • the MIMO encoding operation may be performed by the MIMO encoder or the MIMO processor as described above, and may use the MIMO encoding matrix corresponding to the above-described embodiments. That is, the broadcast signal transmitter sets parameter a such that each of the first transmission signal or the second transmission signal has an optimized Euclidean distance, gray mapping, or Euclidean distance that can compensate for Hamming distance.
  • One MIMO matrix can be used to perform MIMO encoding. As described above, the broadcast transmitter adjusts the power of the input signals using the MIMO matrix, and the parameter a may be set to a different value according to the modulation type of the input signals.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may perform OFDM modulation on the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal.
  • the broadcast signal transmitter may transmit the modulated first transmission signal and the second transmission signal through the first antenna and the second antenna, respectively.
  • the first transmission signal and the second transmission signal to be transmitted may have a structure of the above-described signal frame, and may include signaling information as described with reference to FIGS. 15 to 17.
  • FIGS. 30 and 31 illustrates the operation of the above-described broadcast signal transmitter, and detailed operations are the same as those described with reference to the broadcast signal transmitter diagrams (eg, FIGS. 30 and 31).
  • the present invention may be applied in whole or in part to a digital broadcasting system.

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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un émetteur de signaux de radiodiffusion. L'émetteur de signaux de radiodiffusion selon un mode de réalisation de la présente invention comprend: un générateur de signaux d'entrée pour générer un premier signal d'entrée et un second signal d'entrée; un codeur MIMO pour le traitement MIMO du premier signal d'entrée et du second signal d'entrée afin de sortir un premier signal de transmission et un second signal de transmission; ainsi qu'un premier générateur OFDM et un second générateur OFDM pour mettre en oeuvre la modulation OFDM sur le premier signal de transmission et le second signal de transmission, respectivement, le traitement MIMO impliquant l'application d'une matrice MIMO sur le premier signal d'entrée et le second signal d'entrée, le paramètre "a" variant en fonction du type de modulation du premier signal d'entrée et du second signal d'entrée, et le paramètre "a" de la matrice MIMO étant défini de manière à régler la puissance du premier signal d'entrée et du second signal d'entrée pour le premier signal de transmission ou le second signal de transmission.
PCT/KR2011/000698 2010-02-03 2011-02-01 Émetteur et récepteur de signaux de radiodiffusion, et procédés d'émission et de réception de signaux de radiodiffusion WO2011096703A2 (fr)

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WO2016144003A1 (fr) * 2015-03-09 2016-09-15 엘지전자 주식회사 Dispositif de transmission de signaux de diffusion, dispositif de réception de signaux de diffusion, procédé de transmission de signaux de diffusion, et procédé de réception de signaux de diffusion
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US10135659B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2018-11-20 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signals
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US10277445B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2019-04-30 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signals
US10491446B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2019-11-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signals
US10721112B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2020-07-21 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signals
US9854412B2 (en) 2015-03-09 2017-12-26 Lg Electronics Inc. Apparatus for transmitting broadcast signals, apparatus for receiving broadcast signals, method for transmitting broadcast signals and method for receiving broadcast signals
CN113055151A (zh) * 2021-03-18 2021-06-29 中国人民解放军战略支援部队信息工程大学 一种信号处理方法及装置

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