WO2011095055A1 - 一种用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置及其制动方法 - Google Patents

一种用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置及其制动方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011095055A1
WO2011095055A1 PCT/CN2011/000175 CN2011000175W WO2011095055A1 WO 2011095055 A1 WO2011095055 A1 WO 2011095055A1 CN 2011000175 W CN2011000175 W CN 2011000175W WO 2011095055 A1 WO2011095055 A1 WO 2011095055A1
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Prior art keywords
brake
braking
generator
mechanical
vertical axis
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2011/000175
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
蒋大龙
王建辉
Original Assignee
国能风力发电有限公司
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Publication date
Application filed by 国能风力发电有限公司 filed Critical 国能风力发电有限公司
Priority to AU2011213427A priority Critical patent/AU2011213427A1/en
Priority to EP11739334A priority patent/EP2535560A1/en
Priority to JP2012551472A priority patent/JP2013519023A/ja
Publication of WO2011095055A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011095055A1/zh

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0244—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking
    • F03D7/0248—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for braking by mechanical means acting on the power train
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/902—Braking using frictional mechanical forces
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/903—Braking using electrical or magnetic forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a brake device for a vertical axis wind turbine, and also to a brake method for the brake device.
  • BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Wind energy is a renewable energy source with the greatest application prospects beyond water energy, and has been highly valued by countries all over the world.
  • Wind turbines are divided according to the direction of the rotating shaft and can be divided into two types: horizontal axis and vertical axis.
  • horizontal axis wind turbines are widely used, but they have the disadvantages of complicated structure and high manufacturing and maintenance costs.
  • the improved vertical-axis wind turbine has the advantages of lower starting wind speed, higher wind energy utilization and low noise, and has a broader market application prospect.
  • braking In the process of using the wind turbine, in order to avoid the sudden increase of the wind and bring harm to the operation of the unit, certain braking measures are required.
  • braking can be performed by means of yaw system, aerodynamic braking, mechanical braking, and the like. Since the vertical axis wind turbine cannot reduce the windward area by yaw during strong wind, a brake device with a larger braking torque is required to ensure its safety.
  • some mechanical braking solutions have been proposed. For example, in the Chinese Patent Application No. 200910003965. 5, a brake device for a vertical shaft and a brake method therefor are disclosed.
  • the brake device includes a brake device connected to the rotor shaft of the generator or the vertical shaft of the wind turbine, brake brake arm or brake system controlled by the brake solenoid valve Moving brakes, friction plates.
  • the brake device is a brake ferrule, a brake disc or a brake disc, and also includes a safety pin and a safety solenoid valve that controls the safety pin.
  • start the brake solenoid valve When the wind speed exceeds the maximum generator wind speed and needs braking, start the brake solenoid valve, control the brake brake arm or brake brake disc, and brake the fan through the action of the friction plate.
  • the brake solenoid valve is closed, and the brake brake arm or brake disc is controlled to maintain the initial state.
  • a brake device for a vertical axis wind power generator of the present invention includes a brake disk coupled to a generator rotor, a brake bracket mounted on a fixed rotating shaft, and a mechanical brake mounted on the brake bracket. composition.
  • the brake disk is coaxial with the generator rotor.
  • the mechanical brake is a caliper hydraulic brake or a pneumatic brake, and has a brake pad on the upper and lower jaws, and the friction portion of the brake disc is inserted between the upper and lower brake pads.
  • the brake device for a vertical axis wind power generator of the present invention wherein the mechanical brakes may be one or more, symmetrically distributed with a rotational center axis of the generator when a plurality of mechanical brakes are employed.
  • the present invention also provides a braking method using the brake device for a vertical axis wind power generator of the present invention.
  • the mechanical brake closes the jaws, so that the upper and lower friction plates are pressed against the brake disk.
  • the generator rotor is braked; when the brake needs to be released, the mechanical brake opens the jaws so that the generator rotor can rotate.
  • the brake device for a vertical axis wind power generator of the present invention and the braking method using the brake device avoid emergency stop under high wind speed conditions, and not only improve vertical axis wind power generator The safety, but also avoids the impact on the power grid.
  • Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a vertical-axis wind turbine employing a brake device provided by the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic view showing the distribution of a plurality of mechanical brakes disposed along the circumference of the brake disk.
  • BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The existing horizontal-axis wind turbine needs to reduce the rotational speed of the wind turbine by yaw or the like after the wind speed exceeds a predetermined safety range, especially when the wind speed reaches a large value, often after yaw Forced shutdown by an emergency brake or the like mounted on the drive shaft for self-protection.
  • the vertical axis wind turbine cannot yaw in the high wind to reduce the windward area to reduce the braking force requirement of the mechanical brake device. Instead, it needs to reduce and limit the speed by mechanical braking and increase the generator braking torque to control the wind.
  • the wheel inputs torque to protect the unit.
  • the mechanical brake must be used to provide additional braking force to control the generator speed not exceeding the maximum speed for safe operation. In the extreme case, when the generator fails or the grid fails to output power, it is necessary to perform an emergency braking to stop by the mechanical brake device to achieve self-protection.
  • the vertical axis wind turbine can adopt the permanent magnet generator structure with no outer core of the outer rotor.
  • the wind wheel can directly drive the outer rotor to generate electricity.
  • As a direct-drive wind turbine its speed is low and the torque is large, so the brake device is required to provide more torque.
  • the invention adopts a brake disc directly connected with the outer rotor, which is beneficial to enlarge the braking radius of the brake disc and increase the braking torque.
  • the invention also employs a plurality of symmetrically distributed brakes, which can make the braking torque proportional to the number of brakes and increase the braking torque.
  • Clamp-type knot The friction plate is distributed on the upper and lower sides of the jaws, and the friction part of the brake disc is inserted between the upper and lower friction plates, so that the braking torque is increased to twice that of the single-sided friction structure.
  • a brake disc 8 having a Z-shaped cross section is mounted on the bottom of the outer ring sub-disc ironless generator.
  • a mechanical brake symmetrically distributed along the circumference of the generator is mounted outside the disk projecting outwardly from the bottom of the brake disc.
  • the mechanical brake can be either hydraulic or pneumatic.
  • the hydraulic brake controls the opening of the hydraulic pump through the control system, so that the jaws of the brake are opened and closed and the brake pressure is changed.
  • the pneumatic brake controls the opening and closing of the solenoid valve through the control system, adjusts the internal air pressure of the pneumatic brake to open and close the jaws of the brake, and changes the brake pressure.
  • the air source is provided by the air compressor.
  • Fig. 2 there are four mechanical brakes distributed symmetrically along the circumference, and actually one or more of the above mechanical brakes can be used.
  • multiple mechanical brakes are used, they are symmetrically distributed along the generator brake disc about the generator center axis, and usually two sets of two brakes symmetric about the generator center axis act simultaneously to balance the braking force and reduce the mechanical stress of the components. .
  • the brakes can be grouped according to the braking force. For example, in Figure 2, if the required braking force is small, only the upper and lower brakes can be used for braking; when the braking force is required, the upper, lower, left and right brakes are simultaneously operated. move. Other cases and so on.
  • the detailed description is given. Any obvious modifications made to the present invention will be made to the infringement of the patent right of the present invention without departing from the spirit of the invention.
  • the brake device for a vertical axis wind power generator of the present invention and the system using the brake device The method is applied to the field of wind power generation, avoiding emergency shutdown under high wind speed conditions, not only improving the safety of vertical axis wind turbines, but also avoiding excessive impact on the power grid.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Description

一种用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置及其制动方法 技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置， 同时也涉及该制 动装置的制动方法。 背景技术 风能是水能之外最具规模应用前景的可再生能源， 受到世界各国的高 度重视。
风力发电机按旋转轴的方向来分， 可分为水平轴和垂直轴两种。 目前 被广泛应用的是水平轴风力发电机， 但其存在结构复杂， 制造和维护费用 较高等缺点。相比之下，经过改进的垂直轴风力发电机具有启动风速较低、 风能利用率较高和低噪声等优点， 具有更加广阔的市场应用前景。
在风力发电机使用过程中， 为了避免风力突然增大而给机组运行带来 危害， 需要采取一定的制动措施。 在现有的大型水平轴风力发电机中， 可 以通过偏航系统、 空气动力刹车、 机械刹车等手段来进行制动。 由于垂直 轴风力发电机在强风时无法通过偏航来减小迎风面积，所以需要制动扭矩 更加大的制动装置来保证其安全性。 为了解决垂直轴风力发电机的制动难题， 人们提出了一些机械制动的 解决方案。 例如在申请号为 200910003965. 5的中国发明专利申请中， 公 开了一种用于垂直轴的制动装置及其制动方法。它包括与发电机的转子轴 或风轮垂直轴连接的刹车装置，以刹车电磁阀控制的刹车制动臂或刹车制 动闸、 摩擦片。 刹车装置是刹车箍、 刹车碟或刹车盘， 还包括安全销和控 制该安全销的安全电磁阀。 当风速超过最大发电机风速需要刹车时， 启动 刹车电磁阀， 控制刹车制动臂或刹车制动碟， 通过摩擦片作用， 使风机刹 车。 当风速低于刹车风速而不需刹车时， 刹车电磁阀关闭， 控制刹车制动 臂或刹车制动碟， 保持初始状态。 发明内容 本发明的目的在于提供另一种用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置。 本发明的目的还在于提供一种使用该用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动 装置的制动方法。
为实现上述的发明目的， 本发明的用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置 由与发电机转子连接的制动盘、安装于固定转轴上的制动器支架以及安装 于上述制动器支架上的机械制动器组成。 所述制动盘与发电机转子同轴。 所述机械制动器是钳盘式液压制动器或者气动制动器， 其钳口上、 下均有 刹车片， 制动盘的摩擦部分插入到上、 下刹车片之间。
本发明的用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置， 其中所述机械制动器可 以是一个或者多个，采用多个机械制动器时以发电机的旋转中心轴线对称 分布。
本发明还提供一种使用本发明的用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置 的制动方法， 当需要制动时， 机械制动器合上钳口， 使得上、 下摩擦片压 在制动盘上， 使发电机转子制动； 当需要解除制动时， 机械制动器张开钳 口， 使发电机转子可以转动。
本发明的用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置和采用该制动装置的制 动方法， 避免了高风速情况下的紧急停机， 不仅提高了垂直轴风力发电机 的安全性， 而且也避免了对电网造成过大的沖击。 附图概述 下面结合附图和具体实施方式对本发明作进一步的详细说明。
图 1 为采用本发明所提供的制动装置的垂直轴风力发电机的剖视图； 图 2 为沿制动盘的圓周设置的多个机械制动器的分布示意图。 本发明的最佳实施方式 现有的水平轴风力发电机在风速超过预定的安全范围后， 需要通过偏 航等方式降低风轮的转速， 特别是在风速达到较大时， 往往在偏航后由安 装在传动轴上的紧急制动闸等进行强制停机以实现自我保护。垂直轴风力 发电机在大风时不能进行偏航降低迎风面积以减轻机械制动装置的制动 力要求， 而是需要通过机械制动、 提高发电机发电制动扭矩来降低和限制 转速， 从而控制风轮输入扭矩的方法来对机组进行保护。 当风力发电机的 风轮输入扭矩大于风力发电机发电制动扭矩极限后，必须由机械制动来提 供额外的制动力来控制发电机转速不超过安全运行的最大转速。极端的情 况是发电机故障或者电网故障不能输出电能时，需要由机械制动装置对发 电机进行紧急制动至停止， 以实现自我保护。
如图 1， 垂直轴风力发电机可采用外转子无铁心的永磁发电机结构。 风轮可直接驱动外转子旋转发电。 作为直驱式风力发电机， 其转速低， 扭 矩大， 因此需要制动装置提供更大的扭矩。
本发明采用与外转子直接相连的制动盘， 有利于扩大了制动盘的制动 半径， 提高制动扭矩。 本发明还采用了多个对称分布的制动器， 可以使得 制动力矩与制动器的个数成正比， 提高了制动扭矩。 本发明采用钳盘式结 构， 钳口上、 下均分布有摩擦片， 制动盘摩擦部分插入到上、 下摩擦片之 间， 使得制动力矩增加为单面摩擦结构的两倍。
如图 1所示， 在垂直轴风力发电机中， 外环子盘式无铁心发电机的底 部安装有截面为 Z型的制动盘 8。 在制动盘的底部向外伸出的盘外侧安装 有沿发电机圓周对称分布的机械制动器。 该机械制动器可以是液压型的， 也可以是气动型的。 液压型制动器通过控制系统来控制液压泵的开启， 使 得该制动器的钳口开、 合以及改变制动压力。 气动型制动器通过控制系统 来控制气管电磁阀门的开闭，调节气动制动器内部气压从而使得该制动器 的钳口开、 合以及改变制动压力， 气源由空气压缩机提供。
如图 2所示， 有 4个机械制动器沿圓周对称分布， 实际上上述机械制 动器可以采用一个或者多个。 当采用多个机械制动器时， 它们沿发电机制 动盘关于发电机中心轴对称分布，并且通常关于发电机中心轴对称的两个 制动器组成一组同时动作， 以平衡制动力， 降低部件的机械应力。
当采用多个机械制动器制动时，可根据制动力的需要，分组进行制动。 例如图 2中， 如果所需的制动力较小， 可只用上、 下的一对制动器进行制 动； 当需要制动力较大时， 则上、 下、 左、 右四个制动器同时进行制动。 其他情况以此类推。 置进行了详细的说明。 对本领域的技术人员而言， 在不背离本发明实质精 神的前提下， 对它所做的任何显而易见的改动， 都将构成对本发明专利权 的侵犯。 工业实用性 本发明的用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置和采用该制动装置的制 动方法， 应用于风力发电领域， 避免了高风速情况下的紧急停机， 不仅提 高了垂直轴风力发电机的安全性， 而且也避免了对电网造成过大的冲击。

Claims

权利要求
1. 一种用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置， 其特征在于： 所述制动 装置由与发电机转子 （3 ) 连接的制动盘 （8 ) 、 安装于固定转轴 （1 ) 上 的制动器支架（7 )以及安装于上述制动器支架上的机械制动器（9 )组成， 所述制动盘 （8 ) 与发电机转子同轴， 所述机械制动器是钳盘式液压制动 器或者气动制动器， 其钳口上、 下均有刹车片 （6 ) , 制动盘（8 ) 的摩擦 部分插入到上、 下刹车片之间。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置， 其特 征在于： 所述机械制动器 （9 ) 可以是一个或者多个， 当采用多个机械制 动器时， 它们以发电机的旋转中心轴线对称分布。
3.—种采用权利要求 1 中制动装置的用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动 方法， 其特征在于： 当需要制动时， 机械制动器合上钳口， 使得上、 下摩 擦片压在制动盘上， 使发电机转子制动； 当需要解除制动时， 机械制动器 张开钳口， 使发电机转子可以转动。
PCT/CN2011/000175 2010-02-08 2011-01-31 一种用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动装置及其制动方法 WO2011095055A1 (zh)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2011213427A AU2011213427A1 (en) 2010-02-08 2011-01-31 Braking equipment for vertical shaft wind generator and braking method therefor
EP11739334A EP2535560A1 (en) 2010-02-08 2011-01-31 Braking equipment for vertical shaft wind generator and braking method therefor
JP2012551472A JP2013519023A (ja) 2010-02-08 2011-01-31 垂直軸風力発電機用ブレーキ及びそのブレーキ方法

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CN 201019114063 CN101922413A (zh) 2010-02-08 2010-02-08 用于垂直轴风力发电机的制动方法及制动装置
CN201019114063.9 2010-02-08

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CN103208953B (zh) * 2012-01-16 2016-05-04 北京能高自动化技术股份有限公司 永磁同步风力发电机组电阻制动设计方法
CN103776598A (zh) * 2014-01-17 2014-05-07 日照市北业制动泵有限公司 钳盘式制动器真空密封性试验装置
CN105156269A (zh) * 2015-09-25 2015-12-16 杭州恒龙新能源科技有限公司 垂直轴风机的手动刹车机构
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