WO2011082659A1 - 铝电解槽阴极凸台结构 - Google Patents

铝电解槽阴极凸台结构 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011082659A1
WO2011082659A1 PCT/CN2011/000035 CN2011000035W WO2011082659A1 WO 2011082659 A1 WO2011082659 A1 WO 2011082659A1 CN 2011000035 W CN2011000035 W CN 2011000035W WO 2011082659 A1 WO2011082659 A1 WO 2011082659A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cathode
boss
aluminum
protrusion structure
carbon block
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PCT/CN2011/000035
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
曹斌
杨涛
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中铝国际工程有限责任公司
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Application filed by 中铝国际工程有限责任公司 filed Critical 中铝国际工程有限责任公司
Priority to AU2011204685A priority Critical patent/AU2011204685B2/en
Priority to US13/520,932 priority patent/US20130277212A1/en
Priority to CA2786463A priority patent/CA2786463C/en
Publication of WO2011082659A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011082659A1/zh

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
    • C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • C25C3/08—Cell construction, e.g. bottoms, walls, cathodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a tank-lined cathode boss structure applied to an aluminum electrolytic cell, and belongs to the technical field of aluminum electrolysis. Background technique
  • the furnace and current of the electrolytic cell are getting larger and larger, which leads to the following problems in the flow field: the probability of uneven temperature inside the electrolyte and uneven distribution of various materials increases; The flow rate of the liquid increases; the amount of aluminum produced in the tank increases; the possibility of turbulent flow of the molten fluid in some places increases.
  • the aluminum liquid in the tank is the heat-dissipating medium of the electrolytic tank. Increasing or decreasing the amount of aluminum produced has always been one of the main means of adjusting the heat balance of the electrolytic cell in production. Summary of the invention
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cathode boss structure of an aluminum electrolytic cell, so that the cathode boss can be conveniently and quickly implanted into the upper surface of the cathode of the electrolytic cell when the edge of the common electrolytic cell is fixed, without The original cathode and the inner lining are modified, and the cathode block can effectively form a "flow blocking effect", thereby achieving the flow rate of the aluminum liquid layer and reducing the energy dissipation of the aluminum liquid layer. Enhance the production stability of the electrolytic cell and reduce energy consumption to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art.
  • the present invention is constructed such that the cathode boss is disposed on the top surface of the cathode carbon block or on the gap between the two cathode carbon blocks.
  • the spacing between the cathode bosses is 400mm ⁇ 900mm. It can be sparsely configured or densely configured for different slot types.
  • the cathode boss can adopt a long-length structure, that is, a long-length cathode boss, the length of which is 100-250 mm longer than that of the cathode carbon block, and the ends of both ends are directly embedded in the paste around the side.
  • the cathode boss can also adopt a mosaic butt-type structure, that is, a mosaic butt-type cathode boss, the length of which is in the range of 3000 ⁇ 3200 mm, the ends of the two ends are respectively fixed by the constraining carbon block, and the constrained carbon block is embedded around the side. In the paste.
  • the cathode boss has a rectangular or isosceles trapezoidal cross section, and has a height a of 80 mm - 200 mm and a width b of 100 - 400 mm.
  • the material of the cathode boss can be selected from graphite carbon block or full graphitized carbon block.
  • the principle of the invention is that the energy consumption of the electrolytic cell production is as follows:
  • Total energy consumption Electrochemical reaction decomposition consumption + Rectifier unit power consumption + Bus, anode and cathode flow loss + Electrolyte flow loss + Electrolyte system heat dissipation.
  • the reduction in consumption of the present invention begins with electrolyte flux loss and heat dissipation from the cell system.
  • the dam is set at the bottom of the fluid to increase the flow resistance, which can effectively reduce the flow speed.
  • the various cathodes By disposing the various cathodes at the bottom of the tank, the flow of the aluminum liquid and the electrolyte can be reduced, the disturbance caused by the flow of the aluminum liquid to the electrolyte resistance can be reduced, and the three large distances (pole distances) of the anode bottom and the aluminum liquid mirror surface can be reduced, thereby reducing The flow loss of the current in the electrolyte; in addition, according to the heat transfer theory, the smaller the volume and area of the heat transfer medium, the lower the heat transfer efficiency.
  • the high cathode occupies part of the aluminum liquid space, the aluminum liquid product and the side heat dissipation area are reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing side heat dissipation.
  • the invention has the following advantages: 1 slowing the flow velocity of the aluminum liquid, reducing the probability of occurrence of local turbulence, and enhancing The stability of electrolytic cell production; 2 reduce the amount of aluminum produced in the tank, reduce the heat volume and area of the aluminum liquid, reduce the backlog of funds; 3 enhance the stability of the electrolyte system, reduce heat dissipation, and reduce energy consumption.
  • the present invention can be conveniently and quickly when the edge of the common electrolytic cell is fixed.
  • Implanting the nano-protrusion into the upper surface of the cathode of the electrolytic cell without modification The original cathode and inner lining, after the boss is implanted, can also form a "flow blocking effect", which can save energy and reduce consumption.
  • there is no direct connection between the boss and the cathode of the present invention there is no direct connection between the boss and the cathode of the present invention. The flow rate is reduced, the electrochemical corrosion of the boss is reduced, and the life of the boss can be improved.
  • the invention is applicable to all current electrolysis cell types. DRAWINGS
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view and a perspective view of the present invention
  • Figure 2 is a schematic, cross-sectional view of the present invention
  • Figure 3 is a schematic, longitudinal sectional view of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view and a trapezoidal cross-sectional view of a cathode boss of the present invention
  • Figure 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a cathode boss of the present invention.
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic view showing the heat dissipation of the aluminum liquid layer of the present invention. detailed description
  • Embodiments of the invention As shown in Figures 1, 2, and 3, it mainly comprises: a cathode carbon block 1, a cathode boss 2, a constraining carbon block 4, and a cathode boss 2 is placed on the top surface of the cathode carbon block 1 of the electrolytic cell.
  • Method 1 The cathode boss of the long-length structure has a length of 100 to 250 mm longer than that of the cathode carbon block, and the ends of both ends are directly embedded in the paste 5 around the side;
  • Method 2 The cathodic boss of the butt-type is embedded, and the length thereof is In the range of 3000 ⁇ 3200mm, the ends of the two ends are fixed by the constraining carbon block 4, and the constrained carbon block is embedded in the paste 5 around the side.
  • the cathode boss 2 has a rectangular or isosceles trapezoidal cross section as shown in Figs.
  • the height a of the cathode boss 2 is in the range of 80 mm to 200 mm, and the width b (the average width of the isosceles trapezoid) is in the range of 100 to 400 mm, as shown in Figs.
  • the cathode boss 2 is made of a graphite carbon block or a fully graphitized carbon block.
  • the cathode boss of the present invention can be implanted one by one by electrolysis cell reversal operation.
  • the implantation steps for each cathode boss are as follows:
  • step 1
  • Step 2 After the overhauling tank completes the side block masonry and the cathode interstitial joint, the cathode stud carbon block of the present invention is placed on the upper surface of the cathode according to a predetermined arrangement (density).
  • Fix the paste around the liner as in the original method, and the surrounding paste can maintain the original design height, or increase 2 ⁇ 10cm.
  • the electrolytic cell using the cathode boss of the present invention can be calcined and started by a method such as calcination of aluminum liquid, electric heating of whipped yttrium (2) eucalyptus aluminum liquid or the like.
  • the dam is set at the bottom of the fluid to increase the flow resistance, which can effectively reduce the flow speed.
  • the various cathodes By disposing the various cathodes at the bottom of the tank, the flow of the aluminum liquid and the electrolyte can be reduced, the disturbance caused by the flow of the aluminum liquid to the electrolyte resistance can be reduced, and the distance between the anode bottom palm and the mirror surface of the aluminum liquid (the pole pitch) can be reduced, thereby reducing the electrolyte passage. Flow loss.
  • the high cathode occupies part of the aluminum liquid space since the high cathode occupies part of the aluminum liquid space, the aluminum liquid volume and the side heat dissipation area are reduced, thereby achieving the purpose of reducing side heat dissipation, as shown in FIG.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)

Description

铝电解槽阴极凸台结构 技术领域
本发明涉及一种应用于铝电解槽的槽内衬阴极凸台结构， 属于铝 电解技术领域。 背景技术
最近 10年来， 我国以铝电解槽为核心的电解铝技术得到了充分发 展， 基本实现了电解槽容量系列化（200KA、 300KA、 400KA等多个级 另' j ) , 和电解系列大型化 （从 10万吨到 25万吨） 。 但是， 铝电解是典 型的高载能工业， 吨铝综合电耗一般在 14000kwh/t-Al以上， 按 2008年 ;全国 1500万吨原铝产能计， 每年我国电解铝行业的总能耗应该在 2100 ^度以上。 而电解铝生产的能量利用率在 45% ~ 48%, 有很大节能挖潜 空间。 向排列配置， 所有阴极顶面均在同二水平面 ， 正常 产日; 由于电 磁力作用， 电解槽中铝液层总是处于流动状态， 流场如图 5 , 电解液流 动， 特别是不规则流动是电解槽不稳定主要原因之一， 原因如下： ① 电解质体系不稳定， 使电化学反应效率降低； ②电解槽噪声值升高， 控制系统会抬高槽电压以控低噪声， 以上两点均导致吨铝电耗增加。 随着容量大型化的发展， 电解槽的炉膛和电流越来越大， 导致如下流 场问题也越来越严重： 槽内电解液内温度和各种物料的分布不均的概 率增大； 电解液流速增大； 槽中在产铝量增加； 槽内熔融流体在一些 位置发生紊流的可能性增大。
槽中的铝液是电解槽的散热媒介， 增减在产铝量一直是生产中调 节电解槽热平衡的主要手段之一。 发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是， 提供一种铝电解槽阴极凸台结构， 以便在普通电解槽边部扎固时， 方便、 快捷地将阴极凸台植入电解槽 阴极上表面， 而不需改造原有阴极和内衬， 阴极凸台植入后能有效形 成 "阻流效应" , 从而达到降^ ί氏铝液层流速， 减少铝液层能量散发， 增强电解槽生产稳定性， 降低能耗， 以克服现有技术存在的不足。 本发明是这样构成的： 阴极凸台设置于阴极炭块顶面上或者设置 于两个阴极炭块之间的间缝上。
所述的阴极凸台之间的间距为 400mm ~ 900mm。 针对不同槽型， 可稀疏配置， 也可密集配置。
所述的阴极凸台可以采用通长型结构， 即通长型的阴极凸台， 其 长度比阴极炭块长出 100 ~ 250mm， 两端头直接嵌入侧部周围糊内。
所述的阴极凸台也可以采用镶嵌对接型结构， 即镶嵌对接型的阴 极凸台， 其长度在 3000 ~ 3200mm范围内， 两端头分别使用约束炭块固 定， 而约束炭块嵌入侧部周围糊内。
所述的阴极凸台的截面为长方形或等腰梯形， 其高度 a为 80mm - 200mm , 宽度 b为 100 ~ 400mm。
阴极凸台的材质可选择采用石墨质炭块， 或采用全石墨化炭块。 本发明的原理为， 电解槽生产能耗分布如下：
总能耗 = 电化学反应分解消耗 + 整流机组电耗 + 母线、 阳极和 阴极通流损耗 + 电解质通流损耗 + 电解槽体系散热。
本发明的降耗即从电解质通流损耗和电解槽体系散热入手。 根据 "防波堤" 原理， 设置堤坝于流体底部， 增加流动阻力， 可有效降低 流动速度。 而将槽底各种阴极交叉配置， 可降低铝液和电解质流动， 减少铝液流动给电解质电阻带来的扰动， 使阳极底掌与铝液镜面的 3巨 离 （极距） 降低， 从而减少电流在电解质中的通流损耗； 另外， 根据 传热理论， 传热媒介体积和面积越小， 则传热效率越低。 在保持相同 铝水平的基础上， 由于高阴极占用部分铝液空间， 从而减少了铝液体 积和侧部散热面积， 从而达到减少侧部热量散发的目的。
与现有技术的同规格阴极纵向排列、 所有阴极顶面均处于同一水 平面的阴极结构和配置方式比较， 本发明有如下优点： ①减緩铝液流 动速度， 降低局部紊流发生的概率， 增强电解槽生产的稳定性； ②减 少槽中在产铝量， 减少铝液散热体积和面积， 减少资金积压； ③增强 电解液体系稳定性， 减少散热后， 可降低能耗。
与现有技术的在整块阴极上直接锯切凸台成形、 镶嵌凸台成形、 凸台扎糊成形等凸台成形方式比较， 本发明可以在普通电解槽边部扎 固时， 方便、 快捷地将奈状凸台植入电解槽阴极上表面， 而不需改造 原有阴极和内衬， 凸台植入后同样能形成 "阻流效应" ， 获得节能降 耗效益， 另外， 与上述各种凸台成形方式比较， 本发明凸台与阴极之 间无直接连接， 通流量减少， 减少了凸台电化学腐蚀， 可提高凸台寿 命。
本发明可适用于当前所有电解槽型。 附图说明
图 1 为本发明示意图、 立体图；
图 2 为本发明示意图、 横截面图；
图 3为本发明示意图、 纵截面图；
图 4为本发明的阴极凸台示意图、 梯形截面示意图；
图 5为本发明的阴极凸台示意图、 长方形截面示意图;
图 6为本发明的铝液层散热示意图。 具体实施方式
本发明的实施例： 如图 1、 2、 3所示， 它主要包括： 阴极炭块 1、 阴极凸台 2、 约束炭块 4 , 阴极凸台 2置于电解槽阴极炭块 1的顶面上， 或者置于阴极间缝 3上， 阴极凸台间距在 400mm ~ 900mm范围内， 针对 不同槽型， 可稀疏配置， 也可密集配置。
阴极凸台 2的植入方式有两种。 方式 1 : 通长型结构的阴极凸台， 其长度比阴极炭块长出 100 ~ 250mm, 两端头直接嵌入侧部周围糊 5内； 方式 2: 镶嵌对接型的阴极凸台， 其长度在 3000 ~ 3200mm范围内， 两 端头分别使用约束炭块 4固定， 而约束炭块嵌入侧部周围糊 5内。
阴极凸台 2的截面为长方形或等腰梯形， 如图 4、 5所示。
阴极凸台 2的高度 a在 80mm ~ 200mm范围内， 宽度 b (等腰梯形为 平均宽度） 在 100 ~ 400mm范围内， 如图 4、 5所示。
阴极凸台 2的材质采用石墨质炭块， 或采用全石墨化炭块。
本发明的阴极凸台可以通过电解槽换极操作逐根植入。 每根阴极 凸台的植入步骤如下：
步骤 1 :
当大修槽完成侧部块砌筑和阴极间缝扎固后， 将本发明阴极凸台 炭块按既定配置方案 （密集度）放置于阴极上表面。 步骤 2:
按原方法扎固槽内衬周围糊， 周围糊可维持原设计高度， 或提高 2 ~ 10cm。
步骤 3 :
使用本发明阴极凸台的电解槽可按铝液焙烧、 电加热拔烈罕荷铡 (2) 尤萇铝液等方法进行焙烧启动。
根据 "防波堤" 原理， 设置堤坝于流体底部， 增加流动阻力， 可 有效降低流动速度。 而将槽底各种阴极交叉配置， 可降低铝液和电解 质流动， 减少铝液流动给电解质电阻带来的扰动， 使阳极底掌与铝液 镜面的距离 （极距） 降低， 从而减少电解质通流损耗。
根据传热理论， 传热媒介体积和面积越小， 则传热效率越低。 在 保持相同铝水平的基础上， 由于高阴极占用部分铝液空间， 从而减少 了铝液体积和侧部散热面积， 从而达到减少侧部热量散发的目的， 如 图 6所示意。

Claims

权 利 要 求
1. 一种铝电解槽阴极凸台结构， 它包括阴极炭块（ 1 ) , 其特征在 于： 阴极凸台 （2) 设置于阴极炭块 （ 1 ) 顶面上或者设置于两个阴极 炭块 （ 1 ) 之间的间缝 （3) 上。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的铝电解槽阴极凸台结构， 其特征在于： 阴 极凸台 （ 2 ) 之间的间距为 400mm ~ 900mm。
3. 根据权利要求 1所述的铝电解槽阴极凸台结构， 其特征在于： 阴 极凸台可以采用通长型结构， 即通长型的阴极凸台 （2) ， 其长度比阴 极炭块 （ 1 ) 长出 100 ~ 250mm, 两端头直接嵌入侧部周围糊 （5 ) 内。
4. 根据权利要求 1所述的铝电解槽阴极凸台结构， 其特征在于： 阴 极凸台也可以采用镶嵌对接结构， 即镶嵌对接型的阴极凸台 （2) ， 其 长度在 3000 ~ 3200mm范围内， 两端头分别使用约束炭块 （ 4 ) 固定， 而约束炭块 （4) 嵌入侧部周围糊 （5) 内。
5. 根据权利要求 1所述的铝电解槽阴极凸台结构， 其特征在于： 阴 极凸台 （2) 的截面为长方形或等腰梯形
6. 根据权利要求 1至 5任一权利要求所述的铝电解槽阴极凸台结 构， 其特征在于： 阴极凸台（2)高度 a为 80mm~ 200mm， 宽度 b为 100 ~ 柳 mm。
7. 根据权利要求 1 所述的铝电解槽阴极凸台结构， 其特征在于： 阴极凸台 （2) 的材质采用石墨质炭块或全石墨化炭块。
PCT/CN2011/000035 2010-01-07 2011-01-07 铝电解槽阴极凸台结构 WO2011082659A1 (zh)

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AU2011204685A AU2011204685B2 (en) 2010-01-07 2011-01-07 Cathode with protrusion structure for aluminum electrolytic cell
US13/520,932 US20130277212A1 (en) 2010-01-07 2011-01-07 Cathode Boss Structure for Aluminum Electrolytic Cell
CA2786463A CA2786463C (en) 2010-01-07 2011-01-07 Cathode boss structure for aluminum electrolytic cell

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CN201010300089.5A CN102121117B (zh) 2010-01-07 2010-01-07 铝电解槽阴极凸台结构

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