WO2011080746A1 - Appareil de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux comprimé dans des batteries de micro-cylindres - Google Patents

Appareil de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux comprimé dans des batteries de micro-cylindres Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2011080746A1
WO2011080746A1 PCT/IL2010/001098 IL2010001098W WO2011080746A1 WO 2011080746 A1 WO2011080746 A1 WO 2011080746A1 IL 2010001098 W IL2010001098 W IL 2010001098W WO 2011080746 A1 WO2011080746 A1 WO 2011080746A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
micro
cylinders
volume chamber
hydrogen
hydrogen gas
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IL2010/001098
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Moshe Stern
Original Assignee
C. En. Limited
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by C. En. Limited filed Critical C. En. Limited
Publication of WO2011080746A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011080746A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/14—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of aluminium; constructed of non-magnetic steel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C7/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied, solidified, or compressed gases from pressure vessels, not covered by another subclass
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0157—Polygonal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0166—Shape complex divided in several chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/052—Size large (>1000 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/054—Size medium (>1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/058—Size portable (<30 l)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0614—Single wall
    • F17C2203/0617—Single wall with one layer
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/066—Plastics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/068—Special properties of materials for vessel walls
    • F17C2203/0697—Special properties of materials for vessel walls comprising nanoparticles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0103—Exterior arrangements
    • F17C2205/0111—Boxes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0146—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels with details of the manifold
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F17C2205/0317—Closure means fusing or melting
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/23—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations
    • F17C2209/234—Manufacturing of particular parts or at special locations of closing end pieces, e.g. caps
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/041—Methods for emptying or filling vessel by vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0439—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/02—Improving properties related to fluid or fluid transfer
    • F17C2260/025—Reducing transfer time
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0131—Submarines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0136—Terminals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0134—Applications for fluid transport or storage placed above the ground
    • F17C2270/0139—Fuel stations
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0171—Trucks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0168—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road by vehicles
    • F17C2270/0173—Railways
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0165—Applications for fluid transport or storage on the road
    • F17C2270/0184—Fuel cells
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0189—Planes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0186—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space
    • F17C2270/0194—Applications for fluid transport or storage in the air or in space for use under microgravity conditions, e.g. space
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/05—Applications for industrial use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/07—Applications for household use
    • F17C2270/0763—Fuel cells
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P90/00—Enabling technologies with a potential contribution to greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions mitigation
    • Y02P90/45—Hydrogen technologies in production processes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to fuel storage, and in particular, to accumulation, storage and liberation of hydrogen gas.
  • Hydrogen is a very high energy density element and clean- burning fuel. Hydrogen can be combined with oxygen through combustion, or through a fuel cell mediated oxidation/reduction reactions, to produce heat, or electrical power. The primary product of this reaction is water, which is non-polluting and can be recycled to regenerate hydrogen and oxygen.
  • microcapsules This provides the ability to fill the microcapsules with gas by placing the microspheres and/or microcylinders in high- temperature and high pressure environments. Once cooled, the microcapsules lock the hydrogen inside, since the diffusion rate is drastically lower at room temperature. A subsequent increase in temperature will increase the diffusion rate. Thus, the hydrogen trapped in the microcapsules can be released by subsequently increasing the temperature.
  • the activation energy for permeability through the glass should exceed 57 kJ/mol.
  • the cross-sectional dimension of the microcapsules should preferably be smaller than about 80 microns.
  • industrial borosilicate glasses should be heated over 600 °C to obtain the required hydrogen liberation rate. As a result of the heating, the pressure inside the microcapsules can be increased, while the tensile strength of glass can be decreased, when compared to microcapsules under normal conditions. Both these factors may cause breakage of the microcapsules.
  • the cartridge can only be expandable, and must be replaced without possibility of refilling.
  • the present invention partially eliminates disadvantages of the prior art techniques and provides a novel apparatus for storage and liberation of compressed hydrogen gas.
  • the apparatus comprises a storage tank, a pre- volume chamber coupled to the storage tank, a hydrogen liberating tool, and an adapter module coupled to the pre-volume chamber and configured for coupling the pre-volume chamber to a device utilizing the hydrogen gas stored in the storage tank for supplying the hydrogen gas thereto.
  • the storage tank comprises a plurality of arrays of hollow micro-cylinders defining cavities storing compressed hydrogen gas merewithin.
  • Each micro-cylinder has an end sealed with a plug made of an easily meltable alloy having a melting temperature lower than the melting temperature of the micro-cylinder material.
  • the pre-volume chamber is coupled to the storage tank such that the micro-cylinder ends sealed with the plugs are located within a volume of the pre-volume chamber.
  • the hydrogen liberating tool comprises a plurality of heating coils wound around the micro-cylinder ends sealed with plugs. The heating coils are configured for melting the plugs, thereby to controllably liberate the hydrogen gas from the arrays of the micro-cylinders into the pre-volume chamber.
  • the apparatus comprises a control system operatively coupled to the hydrogen liberating tool, and configured for controlling operation thereof.
  • the liberating tool includes a controllable power source coupled to the control system.
  • the control system includes a pressure sensor and a temperature sensor.
  • the pressure sensor is arranged in the pre-volume chamber and is configured for producing a pressure sensor signal representative of the hydrogen gas pressure in the pre-volume chamber.
  • the temperature sensor is arranged in the vicinity of the micro-cylinder ends sealed with plugs.
  • the temperature sensor is configured for measuring a temperature in the vicinity of the micro-cylinder ends, and producing a temperature sensor signal indicative of the temperature thereof.
  • the control system is operatively coupled to the pressure sensor and to the temperature sensor, and is responsive to the pressure sensor signal and to the temperature sensor signal.
  • the control system is capable of generating control signals for controlling the operation of the controllable power source.
  • ends of the micro-cylinders distal to the pre- volume chamber are permanently sealed.
  • the external diameter of the micro-cylinders is in the range of 1 micrometer to 400 micrometers.
  • a number of the micro-cylinders in one array is in the range of 50 to 500.
  • the easily meltable alloy of the plugs is at least one alloy selected from Sni 6 Pb 32 Bi 5 2, SnBi 58 and Snh 52.
  • the pressure of the hydrogen stored within the micro-cylinders is in the range of 1000 arm - 3000 atm.
  • the pressure of the hydrogen within the pre- volume chamber is in the range of 5 atm - 20 atm.
  • the micro-cylinders have tapering portions in the form of a cone at the ends sealed with a plug, thereby to prevent the pushing of the plugs out from the ends by the highly pressurized hydrogen gas stored in the cavities of the micro-cylinders.
  • the heating coils are coupled to the controllable power source through a connecting line including a female connector which extends from the storage tank into the pre-volume chamber where it meets with a male connector extending from the adapter module.
  • the storage tank comprises a housing for enveloping the arrays of the micro-cylinders.
  • the device utilizing the hydrogen gas stored in the storage tank is a hydrogen fuel cell.
  • the apparatus itself demonstrates the flexibility of the technology allowing for the open scaling of arrays- in size, length and number; easy linkage to a variety of fuel cells and for the simple shaping of the device using a moldable polymer overwrap for the housing.
  • the storage capacity is mainly influenced by the capillary parameters itself. These capillaries and finally the arrays are the heart of the system. There are nearly no limitations for the dimensions of the capillaries and the arrays, but some details do strongly influencing the pressure resistance of the capillaries (inner and outer diameters, wall thickness) and therefore the operating pressures and storage capacities. It is of great importance to find the best parameters regarding capillary dimensions (hydrogen storage itself) and array dimensions (optimal heat transfer to melt the stopper alloy) also considering the economical aspect of manufacturing these capillary arrays.
  • the apparatus of the application does not require additional bulky or heavy equipment, such as a pressure reducer, to ensure its safe and efficient use .
  • the separated gas volumes further ensure the safety of the device.
  • the apparatus requires no rare metals and heavy metals, which ensures a cheaper cost while maintaining the required strength and reducing the weight of the device.
  • the glass used in the apparatus is not only comparably equal in strength to steel but is also much lighter. Furthermore, the diffusion rate through glass is significantly lower than that of steel or composite materials.
  • the apparatus of the application is able to present the potential and functionality of the new storage system.
  • the various uses of this storage system can be optimized in many ways to achieve the most economical system for a variety of applications, including those of the:
  • Transport industries automotive, aircraft/aerospace, ships, maritime vessels, submarines, trucks, rails;
  • Fig. 1A is an exploded view of an apparatus for storage and liberation of hydrogen gas, according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. IB is a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1 A, according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a view of a storage tank of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1 A and IB from the end proximal to the pre-volume chamber, according to one embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a view of an array of micro-capillaries of the storage tank shown in Fig. 2, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a view of the adapter module of the apparatus shown in Figs. 1A and IB from the end proximal to the pre-volume chamber, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 1A and IB an exploded view and a schematic longitudinal cross-sectional view of an apparatus 10 for storage and liberation of hydrogen gas is illustrated, respectively, according to one embodiment of the present invention.
  • the apparatus 10 for storage and liberation of compressed hydrogen gas has a modular structure in which different parts of the apparatus can be easily replaced for adapting the apparatus to any particular application.
  • the apparatus 10 comprises a storage tank module 11, a pre-volume chamber 12 coupled to the storage tank module 11 using a sleeve 16a, and an adapter module 13 coupled to the pre-volume chamber 12 using a sleeve 16b.
  • the apparatus 10 also includes a hydrogen liberating tool 14, and a control system 15 operatively coupled to the hydrogen liberating tool and configured for controlling operation thereof.
  • the storage tank 11 comprises a housing 111 including a plurality of arrays of closely packed hollow micro-cylinders (micro-capillaries) 112.
  • the housing 111 envelops the arrays of the micro-cylinders 112.
  • the shape of the housing 111 can, for example, be tubular. However, it should be understood that generally, any desired shape of the housing can be used.
  • the housing can be constructed of a suitable metal, polymer (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene) or composite material with thickness of the walls appropriate to hold the arrays together.
  • the housing 111 also acts as a protective shell against mechanical damages of the micro-cylinders 112, and allows for a flexible design of the storage tank 11.
  • the inner surface of the housing wall can be bound to the peripheral micro-cylinders.
  • the storage tank module 11 can comprise any desired number of the arrays.
  • the micro- cylinders 112 define cavities in which the compressed hydrogen gas can be trapped.
  • the micro-cylinders 112 in the array structures can have any desired shape in their cross- section and be closely (intimately) packed. Examples of the cross-section shape include, but are not limited to, circular, oval, polygonal, hexagonal, etc. It should be understood that when the cross-section shape is hexagonal, the closest packing of the micro- cylinders can be obtained.
  • the micro-cylinders 112 in array structures are bound together to form a rigid structure.
  • the micro-cylinders 112 can be tied with a fastener (not shown), e.g., girded with a fastening band.
  • a fastener not shown
  • the micro-cylinders are made of glass, aramid or metal, they can be bound together, for example, by welding, brazing and/or sintering.
  • an adhesive material e.g., epoxy adhesives, can also be used for binding the micro-cylinders together.
  • Ends 114 of the micro-cylinders 112 are permanently sealed, e.g., capped on the ends by semi-spheres with comparable wall thickness.
  • Other ends 115 of the micro-cylinders 112 can be either open or sealed with plugs 113.
  • the micro-cylinder ends 115 sealed with the plugs 113 are located within a volume of the pre-volume chamber 12.
  • a pictorial view of the storage tank 11 of the apparatus 10 shown in Fig. IB from the ends 115 is shown in Fig. 2.
  • the ends 115 can be open when the cartridge is not filled with compressed hydrogen, to enable free penetration of hydrogen inside the cavities. After the filling of the micro-cylinders with compressed hydrogen gas, the ends are sealed with the plugs 113.
  • the micro-cylinders 112 are made of a material having high tensile strength ⁇ and low mass density/?. For example, materials that meet the condition ⁇ / ⁇ 1700 MPa cm 3 /g are suitable for the micro-cylinders. Examples of materials suitable for the micro-cylinders 112 include, but are not limited to, borosilicate glass, MgAISi glass, S-2 GlassTM, R-glass available from Saint-Gobain Vetrotex Textiles, T- Glass available from Nitto Boseki Co., Ltd. (Nittobo), fused quartz, polymers (e.g., KevlarTM, TwaronTM), etc.
  • the micro-cylinders 112 can have any desired length.
  • the external diameter d of the micro-cylinders 112 can be in the range of about 1 micrometer to about 400 micrometers.
  • a number of the micro-cylinders 112 in one array can, for example, be in the range of 50 to 500.
  • the - Si - micro-cylinders 112 can have tapering portions (not shown) in the form of a cone at the ends 115 sealed with plugs 113, in order to prevent the pushing of the plugs out from the ends by the highly pressurized hydrogen gas stored in the cavities of the micro- cylinders.
  • microcylindrical array structutres are known per se.
  • various microcylindrical (capillary) arrays made from glass and/or plastics are widely used in x-ray optics and photonics.
  • the process of fabrication of microcylindrical arrays is divided into three main stages: (i) drawing capillaries with relatively large diameter, (ii) re-drawing them into a bundle of capillaries with smaller diameter, and (iii) sintering capillaries into the array.
  • Existing technology enables one to produce vast arrays with a capillary diameter down to 1 micron or even less, and a wall thickness-to-diameter ratio less than 5%.
  • capillary arrays suitable for the purpose of the present invention can be obtained from Paradigm Optics, Inc.; 9600 NE 126th Ave, Suite 2540 Vancouver, WA 98682 USA; Hilgenberg GmbH, Strauchgraben 2, D-34323 Malsfeld, Germany; etc.
  • the hydrogen liberating tool 14 is configured for controllable liberating hydrogen gas from the storage tank 11 in which hydrogen is stored in the micro- cylinders 112 at very high pressures into the pre- volume chamber 12 coupled to the storage tank 11 in which the hydrogen is stored at a moderate pressure.
  • the pressure of the hydrogen stored within the micro-cylinders 112 can be higher than 1000 atm (e.g., in the range of 1000 atm - 3000 arm), whereas the pressure of the hydrogen within the pre-volume chamber 12 can be in the range of 5 atm-20 atm.
  • Such pressure can, for example, be needed for the operation of a hydrogen fuel cell.
  • control system 15 can include a pressure sensor 152 that is operable for producing a gas pressure sensor signal.
  • the pressure sensor can be coupled to the control system 15 which can be arranged outside of the pre-volume chamber 12.
  • the control system 15 can, inter alia, be responsive to the gas pressure sensor signal and be capable of generating a control signal to the hydrogen liberating tool 14 for controllable liberation of the compressed hydrogen gas from the micro-cylinder arrays into the pre-volume chamber 12 when the pressure in the pre-volume chamber drops below a certain value, e.g., 1.5 atm.
  • a certain value e.g. 1.5 atm.
  • the liberating tool 14 includes a controllable power source 144 coupled to the control system 15 and a plurality of heating coils 141 made from wires wound around the ends of micro- cylinders 112 that can be sealed with plugs 113.
  • the coils 141 create heating jackets around each array of the micro-cylinders 112.
  • the heating coils 141 are coupled to the controllable power source through a connecting line (143 in Fig. IB).
  • the connecting line between the heating coils 141 and the controllable power source includes a female connector 142 which extends from the housing 111 into the pre-volume chamber 12 where it meets with a male connector 132 extending from a housing 134 of the adapter module 13.
  • the liberating tool 14 can use a temperature sensor 151 associated with the control system 15, and arranged in the vicinity of the heating coils 141.
  • the temperature sensor 151 can be configured for measuring temperature of the micro-cylinders 112 in the vicinity of the ends 115 that are sealed with plugs 113, and producing a temperature sensor signal indicative of this temperature.
  • the temperature sensor 151 can be coupled to the control system 15 which is, inter alia, responsive to the temperature sensor signal and capable of providing control of the controllable power source. Such control is achieved by providing a required electric power to the heating coils 141 to obtain a temperature required for melting the plugs, and thereby opening the corresponding micro-cylinders 112. Care should be taken in order to avoid overheating and damaging the cartridge elements.
  • the plugs 113 should preferably be made of an easily meltable alloy having good enough adhesion to glass. Specifically, a melting temperature of this alloy must be lower than the working temperature of the micro-cylinder material. Examples of alloys suitable for the plugs that are used with borosilicate glass micro-cylinders include, but are not limited to, Bi52 Pb32Sn, Bi58Sn and In52Sn.
  • Liberation of hydrogen from the sealed micro-cylinders 112 can, for example, be organized in a gradual manner, i.e., by one-by-one heating the sealed ends 146 of the microcylinder arrays above the alloy's melting point, thereby melting the plugs and opening the micro-cylinders 112.
  • the control system 15 allows for the gradual release of hydrogen, by heating one single micro-cylinder array at a time.
  • Each array is equipped with a heating coil 141 which, when activated, melts the corresponding plug 113 (placed at the end of each capillary) to a liquid state.
  • the pressurized hydrogen gas drives the molten alloy out of the array, allowing for the release of hydrogen into the buffering volume of the pre- volume chamber 12.
  • the apparatus 10 also includes the adapter module 13 coupled to the pre- volume chamber 12.
  • the adapter module 13 includes a housing 134 configured for holding a device 131 utilizing the hydrogen stored in the storage tank 11 for its operation.
  • An example of the device 131 includes, but is not limited to, a hydrogen fuel cell.
  • a hydrogen fuel cell converts a hydrogen fuel into an electric current. It generates electricity inside a cell through reactions between hydrogen and an oxidant (for example, oxygen from air), triggered in the presence of an electrolyte.
  • the hydrogen fuel flows into the cell through an opening 133 arranged in the housing 134 at the end coupled to the pre-volume chamber 12, whereas oxygen flows from air from an opening (135 in Figs.
  • the hydrogen fuel cell can operate continuously as long as the necessary reactant and oxidant flows are maintained.
  • the electric voltage generated by the hydrogen fuel cell 131 can be provided to the terminals 136 which can extend from the housing 134 at any desired place.
  • the storage tank of the apparatus of the present invention can be used for storage and liberation of gases other than hydrogen, e.g. methane, oxygen and so on.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de stockage et de libération d'hydrogène gazeux comprimé. L'appareil comporte un réservoir de stockage, une préchambre volumétrique couplée au réservoir de stockage, un outil de libération d'hydrogène et un module adaptateur couplé à la préchambre volumétrique et configuré en vue de coupler la préchambre volumétrique à un dispositif employant l'hydrogène gazeux stocké dans le réservoir de stockage pour fournir l'hydrogène gazeux à celui-ci. Le réservoir de stockage comporte une pluralité de batteries de micro-cylindres creux définissant des cavités dans lesquelles est stocké de l'hydrogène gazeux comprimé. Chaque micro-cylindre comprend une extrémité obturée par un bouchon constitué d'un alliage facilement fusible dont la température de fusion est inférieure à la température de fusion du matériau du micro-cylindre. La préchambre volumétrique est couplée au réservoir de stockage de telle sorte que les extrémités du micro-cylindre obturées par les bouchons soient situées dans un certain volume de la préchambre volumétrique. L'outil de libération d'hydrogène comporte une pluralité de bobines chauffantes enroulées autour des extrémités du micro-cylindre obturées par les bouchons. Les bobines chauffantes sont configurées pour faire fondre les bouchons, afin de libérer ainsi de manière contrôlable l'hydrogène gazeux des batteries de micro-cylindres vers la préchambre volumétrique.
PCT/IL2010/001098 2010-01-04 2010-12-30 Appareil de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux comprimé dans des batteries de micro-cylindres WO2011080746A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US29202210P 2010-01-04 2010-01-04
US61/292,022 2010-01-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011080746A1 true WO2011080746A1 (fr) 2011-07-07

Family

ID=43587490

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IL2010/001098 WO2011080746A1 (fr) 2010-01-04 2010-12-30 Appareil de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux comprimé dans des batteries de micro-cylindres

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2011080746A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011087023A1 (de) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-29 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh Verfahren und anordnung zur hochdruckspeicherung von wasserstoffgas
WO2014045282A1 (fr) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-27 C. En Ltd. Système de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux à pression élevée
WO2017088907A1 (fr) * 2015-11-24 2017-06-01 Ge Aviation Systems Limited Système de distribution à semi-conducteurs

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005028945A2 (fr) * 2003-09-19 2005-03-31 Prototech As Stockage de fluides pressurises
WO2007072470A1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 C. En. Limited Appareil et cartouche pour le stockage d'hydrogene gazeux comprime et systeme permettant le remplissage de la cartouche
EP2062850A2 (fr) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-27 C. EN. Limited Appareil de stockage et libération de gaz hydrogène comprimé dans des réseaux microcylindriques et système de remplissage de réseaux microcylindriques

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005028945A2 (fr) * 2003-09-19 2005-03-31 Prototech As Stockage de fluides pressurises
WO2007072470A1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 C. En. Limited Appareil et cartouche pour le stockage d'hydrogene gazeux comprime et systeme permettant le remplissage de la cartouche
EP2062850A2 (fr) * 2007-11-08 2009-05-27 C. EN. Limited Appareil de stockage et libération de gaz hydrogène comprimé dans des réseaux microcylindriques et système de remplissage de réseaux microcylindriques

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011087023A1 (de) * 2011-11-24 2013-05-29 Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin Für Materialien Und Energie Gmbh Verfahren und anordnung zur hochdruckspeicherung von wasserstoffgas
WO2014045282A1 (fr) * 2012-09-19 2014-03-27 C. En Ltd. Système de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux à pression élevée
US9882229B2 (en) 2012-09-19 2018-01-30 C. En Ltd. Hydrogen gas high pressure storage system
WO2017088907A1 (fr) * 2015-11-24 2017-06-01 Ge Aviation Systems Limited Système de distribution à semi-conducteurs
GB2559712A (en) * 2015-11-24 2018-08-15 Ge Aviat Systems Ltd Solid state delivery system
US11040875B2 (en) 2015-11-24 2021-06-22 Ge Aviation Systems Limited Solid state delivery system
GB2559712B (en) * 2015-11-24 2022-03-02 Ge Aviat Systems Ltd Solid state delivery system

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US7870878B2 (en) Apparatus for storage and liberation of compressed hydrogen gas in microcylindrical arrays and system for filling the microcylindrical arrays
US10928005B2 (en) Multicapillary system for storing fuel gases
EP2027060B1 (fr) Appareil et cartouche pour stocker de l&#39;hydrogène gazeux comprimé
US7648567B2 (en) Tank and material for storage of hydrogen gas
US9052063B2 (en) Device for storage of compressed gas, method of making the same, and method of using the same
AU2009334709B2 (en) Adiabatic tank for metal hydride
JP2010065845A (ja) ガス貯蔵のための設備
US9882229B2 (en) Hydrogen gas high pressure storage system
WO2007072470A1 (fr) Appareil et cartouche pour le stockage d&#39;hydrogene gazeux comprime et systeme permettant le remplissage de la cartouche
WO2011080746A1 (fr) Appareil de stockage d&#39;hydrogène gazeux comprimé dans des batteries de micro-cylindres
CA2391845A1 (fr) Stockage de gaz sur un adsorbant muni de lamelles exfoliees
CN216896784U (zh) 一种高压储氢装置及系统
Bowman et al. Historical perspectives on hydrogen, its storage, and its applications
RU123106U1 (ru) Капиллярная емкость с системой охлаждения сжатого водорода
CN217482505U (zh) 一种用于储存高压氢气的装置及系统
Young et al. A hydrogen ICE vehicle powered by Ovonic metal hydride storage
RU81286U1 (ru) Емкость для хранения газов
CN114370603A (zh) 一种高压储氢方法、装置及系统

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
121 Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application

Ref document number: 10805341

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1

NENP Non-entry into the national phase

Ref country code: DE

122 Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase

Ref document number: 10805341

Country of ref document: EP

Kind code of ref document: A1