WO2005028945A2 - Stockage de fluides pressurises - Google Patents

Stockage de fluides pressurises Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2005028945A2
WO2005028945A2 PCT/GB2004/003948 GB2004003948W WO2005028945A2 WO 2005028945 A2 WO2005028945 A2 WO 2005028945A2 GB 2004003948 W GB2004003948 W GB 2004003948W WO 2005028945 A2 WO2005028945 A2 WO 2005028945A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
storage apparatus
membrane
valve
fluid
vessel
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/GB2004/003948
Other languages
English (en)
Other versions
WO2005028945A3 (fr
Inventor
Arild Vik
Original Assignee
Prototech As
Samuels, Adrian, James
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Prototech As, Samuels, Adrian, James filed Critical Prototech As
Publication of WO2005028945A2 publication Critical patent/WO2005028945A2/fr
Publication of WO2005028945A3 publication Critical patent/WO2005028945A3/fr

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/22—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by diffusion
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
    • B01D69/06—Flat membranes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C1/00—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge
    • F17C1/16—Pressure vessels, e.g. gas cylinder, gas tank, replaceable cartridge constructed of plastics materials
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/04—Arrangement or mounting of valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C13/00—Details of vessels or of the filling or discharging of vessels
    • F17C13/08—Mounting arrangements for vessels
    • F17C13/084—Mounting arrangements for vessels for small-sized storage vessels, e.g. compressed gas cylinders or bottles, disposable gas vessels, vessels adapted for automotive use
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0104—Shape cylindrical
    • F17C2201/0109—Shape cylindrical with exteriorly curved end-piece
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0128—Shape spherical or elliptical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0166—Shape complex divided in several chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0147—Shape complex
    • F17C2201/0171—Shape complex comprising a communication hole between chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/01—Shape
    • F17C2201/0176—Shape variable
    • F17C2201/0185—Shape variable with separating membrane
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2201/00—Vessel construction, in particular geometry, arrangement or size
    • F17C2201/05—Size
    • F17C2201/056—Small (<1 m3)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0602—Wall structures; Special features thereof
    • F17C2203/0612—Wall structures
    • F17C2203/0626—Multiple walls
    • F17C2203/0629—Two walls
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0636—Metals
    • F17C2203/0646—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2203/00—Vessel construction, in particular walls or details thereof
    • F17C2203/06—Materials for walls or layers thereof; Properties or structures of walls or their materials
    • F17C2203/0634—Materials for walls or layers thereof
    • F17C2203/0658—Synthetics
    • F17C2203/0663—Synthetics in form of fibers or filaments
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0311—Closure means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0323—Valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0388—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters
    • F17C2205/0391—Arrangement of valves, regulators, filters inside the pressure vessel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/221—Welding
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2209/00—Vessel construction, in particular methods of manufacturing
    • F17C2209/22—Assembling processes
    • F17C2209/227—Assembling processes by adhesive means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/01—Pure fluids
    • F17C2221/012—Hydrogen
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2223/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/036—Very high pressure (>80 bar)
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0304—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using an electric heater
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0369—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel
    • F17C2227/0376—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact
    • F17C2227/0381—Localisation of heat exchange in or on a vessel in wall contact integrated in the wall
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0631—Temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/04—Reducing risks and environmental impact
    • F17C2260/042—Reducing risk of explosion
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/32—Hydrogen storage

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the storage of pressurised fluids, particularly but not exclusively the storage of hydrogen in vehicles and other small scale applications .
  • pressurised fluids particularly but not exclusively the storage of hydrogen in vehicles and other small scale applications .
  • the currently favoured solution is to store the hydrog-en in liquid form.
  • the associated cryogenic apparatus required to maintain hydrogen at liquid temperatures is bulky, complex and expensive.
  • the alternative - storage as a pressurised gas - is currently not preferred, at least in some quarters, because of safety concerns over the high pressure required to store a practical quantity of fuel.
  • the invention provides a storage apparatus for storing a pressurised fluid comprising an outer vessel and a plurality of separately sealed inner vessels housed in said outer vessel and means for communicating with the interiors of the inner vessels and of the outer vessel respectively.
  • a highly pressurised gas such as hydrogen may be stored in the inner vessels. If any of the inner vessels shoulcL fail and therefore release pressurised fluid therefrom, the result will not be catastrophic since not only wil_l any fragments from the inner vessel be contained with_n the ⁇ outer vessel, but so will the escaping gas.
  • the apparatus may be used to store a liquid fuel e.g. methanol which would also be dangerous if it leaked out.
  • the present invention also allows any escaped fluid to be reclaimed via the means for communicating with the interior of the outer vessel, i.e. the space between the interior vessels.
  • providing the inner vessels in a sealed outer vessel means that if any of the inner vessels rupture, the pressure in the outer vessel will increase, thereby reducing the probability that any further inner vessels will rupture.
  • the arrangement of the invention is to some extent self protecting.
  • Embodiments of the invention therefore may be designed to accommodate rupturing of a certain number or percentage or even all of the inner vessels without presenting any danger.
  • the inner and outer vessels may be of any suitable shape.
  • the inner vessels are substantially spherical .
  • the inner vessels they are in the form of tubes which are preferably straight and parallel to one another.
  • the tubes may have any suitable cross-section, although preferably they are circular in section. This allows the inner tubes to be packed within the outer vessel, which is also preferably tubular, whilst maintaining space between the inner tubes. If insufficient space outside of the inner tubes is provided by the geometrical arrangement, they may be packed less than optimally, e.g.
  • the inner vessels are preferably able to withstand pressures of at least 700 bar (70 megapascals) or preferably at least 800 bar (80 megapascals) .
  • the vessels are preferably made of carbon fibre reinforced epoxy.
  • the inner vessels will generally require valves to allow filling and draining thereof.
  • the inner vessels are each provided with a single two-way valve to perform both of these functions.
  • the valve used in the inner vessels preferably comprises a membrane impermeable to the fluid being stored within a predetermined temperature range and heating means for raising the temperature of the membrane above said temperature range thereby allowing the fluid to diffuse through the membrane.
  • the advantages of such a valve, devised by the Applicants, are that no moving parts are required, simply a small amount of energy to raise the temperature of the membrane.
  • Such a valve may also be constructed easily and inexpensively. It will be appreciated from the foregoing that when viewed from a second aspect, the invention provide a valve for selectively allowing the passage of a fluid, said valve comprising a membrane impermeable to said fluid within a predetermined temperature range and heating means for raising the temperature of said membrane above said temperature range, thereby allowing the fluid to diffuse through said membrane.
  • Suitable materials for the membrane include polymers such as polyimid, ordinary glass or palladium foil.
  • the permeability threshold temperature is approximately 700 to 800°.
  • palladium foil it is between 300 and 800°C.
  • the heating means may be directly electrically powered or could be powered indirectly - e.g. by induction.
  • the heating means could be provided anywhere convenient in relation to the membrane but is preferably provided in contact with the membrane and is most preferably co-extensive therewith. This allows for maximum thermal contact between the heater and the membrane and thereby minimises the energy required to heat a given membrane to the required temperature . In the latter case where the heater is in contact and coextensive with the membrane, it will comprise one or more apertures to allow the fluid to flow through it.
  • the heater may be formed integrally with the membrane .
  • the membrane extends across the mouth of a tube forming the inner vessel or the neck of a vessel .
  • the membrane is preferably axially supported on one or preferably both sides by one or more porous members.
  • such member or members are held within a or the tube by suitable shoulders provided on the inner surface of the tube.
  • said shoulders are provided by a sleeve member inserted into the mouth of a corresponding inner vessel. This allows the valve mechanism to be constructed away from the inner vessel and inserted thereafter as one into the mouth of the vessel.
  • FIG. 1 is a cut away view of a storage vessel in accordance with the invention
  • Fig. 2 is an enlarged cut away view of a valve in accordance with the invention.
  • Fig. 1 there may be seen a storage apparatus for storing pressurised hydrogen in accordance with the invention.
  • the apparatus generally comprises an elongate, generally tubular outer vessel 2 and a plurality of inner vessels in the form of parallel tubes 4.
  • the outer vessel 2 and inner tubes 4 may be made from carbon fibre reinforced epoxy.
  • the inner tubes 4 are housed and supported within the outer vessel 2.
  • a gas hose connector 6 with an internal valve (not shown) which provides gaseous communication with the interior 7 of the outer vessel 2 between the inner tubes 4.
  • the outer vessel could be of metal - e.g. aluminium.
  • a similar gas connector 8 which communicates with an anterior plenum chamber 10.
  • the plenum chamber 10 is delimited by a wall (not visible in the Figures) through which the inner tubes 4 pass and against which they are sealed. The plenum chamber 10 is therefore isolated from the rest of the interior 7 of the outer vessel .
  • Each of the inner tubes 2 is closed at the end furthest from the plenum chamber 10.
  • the end of each tube 4 that opens into the plenum chamber 10 is closed by a heat-operated valve structure 12 shown more clearly in Fig. 2. Turning to Fig. 2 there may be seen an enlarged cut-away view of the end of one of the inner tubes 4.
  • the valve mechanism 12 comprises a thin polymer disc-shaped membrane 14 against which is pressed a disc-shaped electric heater 16.
  • the heater is in the form of a grid defining a plurality of apertures through it to allow the hydrogen to pass through it.
  • the membrane 14 and heater 16 are sandwiched between two gas-porous members 18.
  • the heater 16 is adapted to generate heat by induction when subjected to a suitable oscillating electric field.
  • the heater could be an electrical resistance heater attached to wires for applying a voltage thereto.
  • the storage apparatus is first filled with pressurised hydrogen.
  • a suitable source of pressurised hydrogen is coupled to the gas connector 8 at the front end of the apparatus .
  • Pressurised hydrogen will then enter the plenum chamber 10.
  • the temperatures of the membranes 14 may be raised sufficiently to allow hydrogen gas to diffuse through them.
  • the inner tubes 4 will therefore be filled with the pressurised hydrogen.
  • hydrogen at 70 megapascals may be used to fill the inner tubes 4.
  • the source of pressurised hydrogen may then be removed from the connector 8 and the storage apparatus is ready to be connected to a fuel cell or the like to be used.
  • some or all of the membranes 14 in the tubes 4 may once again be heated by the corresponding heaters 16 in order to allow hydrogen to diffuse out of them into the plenum chamber 10 and from there via the connector 8 to wherever the gas is required - e.g. a fuel cell in a vehicle or other small application.
  • the high pressure hydrogen contained therein will leak into the space 7 surrounding the tubes 4 inside the outer vessel 2.
  • the hydrogen will not escape into the atmosphere and furthermore the pressure of the outer vessel interior 7 will be raised, thereby reducing the differential pressure across the walls of the remaining inner tubes 4 and correspondingly reducing the probability that other tubes will fail .
  • the leaked, hydrogen in the outer vessel space 7 may be retrieved through the connector 6 at the other end of the vessel . It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that described above is a relatively safe, straight forward apparatus which allows the high pressure storage of hydrogen or other gases and which will not suffer: any catastrophic effects if one or more of the inner gas storage tubes 4 should happen to fail .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un appareil de stockage d'un fluide pressurisé doté d'un récipient externe (2) et d'une pluralité de récipients internes fermés hermétiquement de manière séparée (4). Des dispositifs permettent de communiquer respectivement avec les parties internes des récipients internes et du récipient externe (6,18,12). Cette invention a aussi trait à un clapet (12) servant à permettre sélectivement le passage d'un fluide. Ledit clapet comprend, d'une part, une membrane (14) qui est imperméable, au sein d'une fourchette de températures prédéterminée, au fluide à stocker et, d'autre part, un dispositif de chauffage (16) servant à augmenter la température de la membrane à une température supérieure à celles de ladite fourchette de températures, ce qui permet au fluide de se diffuser à travers la membrane.
PCT/GB2004/003948 2003-09-19 2004-09-16 Stockage de fluides pressurises WO2005028945A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GBGB0322027.4A GB0322027D0 (en) 2003-09-19 2003-09-19 Storage of pressurised fluids
GB0322027.4 2003-09-19

Publications (2)

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WO2005028945A2 true WO2005028945A2 (fr) 2005-03-31
WO2005028945A3 WO2005028945A3 (fr) 2005-06-16

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Cited By (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007072470A1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 C. En. Limited Appareil et cartouche pour le stockage d'hydrogene gazeux comprime et systeme permettant le remplissage de la cartouche
WO2007144868A1 (fr) * 2006-06-12 2007-12-21 C. En. Limited Appareil et cartouche pour stocker de l'hydrogène gazeux comprimé
EP2062850A2 (fr) 2007-11-08 2009-05-27 C. EN. Limited Appareil de stockage et libération de gaz hydrogène comprimé dans des réseaux microcylindriques et système de remplissage de réseaux microcylindriques
EP2163805A2 (fr) 2008-09-11 2010-03-17 C. En. Limited Appareil pour le stockage de gaz
WO2011080746A1 (fr) * 2010-01-04 2011-07-07 C. En. Limited Appareil de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux comprimé dans des batteries de micro-cylindres
US20130092561A1 (en) * 2011-10-18 2013-04-18 Jörg Wellnitz Hydrogen Storage System
CN107965662A (zh) * 2016-10-20 2018-04-27 田仁培 膜压力容器制造方法
RU214580U1 (ru) * 2022-04-11 2022-11-03 Валерий Евгеньевич Петров Ёмкость для хранения компримированных газов

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US5323849A (en) * 1993-04-21 1994-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Corrosion resistant shell and tube heat exchanger and a method of repairing the same
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US20030106324A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2003-06-12 Enersea Transport, Llc A Limited Liability Corporation Of Texas Methods and apparatus for compressed gas
DE10162126A1 (de) * 2001-12-18 2003-07-03 Inficon Gmbh Gasdurchlass mit selektiv wirkenden Gasdurchtrittsflächen
FR2844337A1 (fr) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-12 Inst Francais Du Petrole Systeme et procede de transport de gaz naturel comprime

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0052351A2 (fr) * 1980-11-14 1982-05-26 Linde Aktiengesellschaft Dispositif pour prélever un gaz d'un conteneur
US5323849A (en) * 1993-04-21 1994-06-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Corrosion resistant shell and tube heat exchanger and a method of repairing the same
US5685350A (en) * 1996-02-07 1997-11-11 Air Products And Chemicals, Inc. Method and apparatus for transporting, storing and delivering dangerous chemicals
US5761911A (en) * 1996-11-25 1998-06-09 American Air Liquide Inc. System and method for controlled delivery of liquified gases
FR2783178A1 (fr) * 1998-09-16 2000-03-17 Omicron Technologies Dispositif de vaporisation de liquide a regulation de debit de vapeur
US6339996B1 (en) * 1999-04-19 2002-01-22 Mr. Steven Campbell Natural gas composition transport system and method
EP1116926A1 (fr) * 2000-01-10 2001-07-18 The Boeing Company Procédé et dispositif de densification de liquide
DE10019287A1 (de) * 2000-04-19 2001-10-31 Neubert Susanne Verbundmembrane
US20030106324A1 (en) * 2000-09-05 2003-06-12 Enersea Transport, Llc A Limited Liability Corporation Of Texas Methods and apparatus for compressed gas
DE10162126A1 (de) * 2001-12-18 2003-07-03 Inficon Gmbh Gasdurchlass mit selektiv wirkenden Gasdurchtrittsflächen
FR2844337A1 (fr) * 2002-09-06 2004-03-12 Inst Francais Du Petrole Systeme et procede de transport de gaz naturel comprime

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2007072470A1 (fr) * 2005-12-22 2007-06-28 C. En. Limited Appareil et cartouche pour le stockage d'hydrogene gazeux comprime et systeme permettant le remplissage de la cartouche
WO2007144868A1 (fr) * 2006-06-12 2007-12-21 C. En. Limited Appareil et cartouche pour stocker de l'hydrogène gazeux comprimé
US8167122B2 (en) 2006-06-12 2012-05-01 C. En. Limited Apparatus and cartridge for storage of compressed hydrogen gas
EP2062850A2 (fr) 2007-11-08 2009-05-27 C. EN. Limited Appareil de stockage et libération de gaz hydrogène comprimé dans des réseaux microcylindriques et système de remplissage de réseaux microcylindriques
EP2062850A3 (fr) * 2007-11-08 2009-10-14 C. EN. Limited Appareil de stockage et libération de gaz hydrogène comprimé dans des réseaux microcylindriques et système de remplissage de réseaux microcylindriques
US7870878B2 (en) 2007-11-08 2011-01-18 C. En. Limited Apparatus for storage and liberation of compressed hydrogen gas in microcylindrical arrays and system for filling the microcylindrical arrays
KR101185175B1 (ko) 2007-11-08 2012-09-24 스턴 모쉬 마이크로실린더 배열에서 압축된 기체를 저장하고 유리하는장치 및 상기 마이크로실린더 배열들을 충전하는 시스템
EP2163805A2 (fr) 2008-09-11 2010-03-17 C. En. Limited Appareil pour le stockage de gaz
WO2011080746A1 (fr) * 2010-01-04 2011-07-07 C. En. Limited Appareil de stockage d'hydrogène gazeux comprimé dans des batteries de micro-cylindres
US20130092561A1 (en) * 2011-10-18 2013-04-18 Jörg Wellnitz Hydrogen Storage System
CN107965662A (zh) * 2016-10-20 2018-04-27 田仁培 膜压力容器制造方法
RU214580U1 (ru) * 2022-04-11 2022-11-03 Валерий Евгеньевич Петров Ёмкость для хранения компримированных газов

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Publication number Publication date
GB0322027D0 (en) 2003-10-22
WO2005028945A3 (fr) 2005-06-16

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