WO2011079722A1 - 非封闭式耳塞型耳机及其受话端语音增强装置及方法 - Google Patents

非封闭式耳塞型耳机及其受话端语音增强装置及方法 Download PDF

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WO2011079722A1
WO2011079722A1 PCT/CN2010/079851 CN2010079851W WO2011079722A1 WO 2011079722 A1 WO2011079722 A1 WO 2011079722A1 CN 2010079851 W CN2010079851 W CN 2010079851W WO 2011079722 A1 WO2011079722 A1 WO 2011079722A1
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noise
earphone
signal
phase
speech
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English (en)
French (fr)
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赵剑
刘崧
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Goertek Inc
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Goertek Inc
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1083—Reduction of ambient noise
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1785—Methods, e.g. algorithms; Devices
    • G10K11/17857—Geometric disposition, e.g. placement of microphones
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17873—General system configurations using a reference signal without an error signal, e.g. pure feedforward
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K11/00—Methods or devices for transmitting, conducting or directing sound in general; Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/16—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general
    • G10K11/175—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound
    • G10K11/178—Methods or devices for protecting against, or for damping, noise or other acoustic waves in general using interference effects; Masking sound by electro-acoustically regenerating the original acoustic waves in anti-phase
    • G10K11/1787—General system configurations
    • G10K11/17885—General system configurations additionally using a desired external signal, e.g. pass-through audio such as music or speech
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/10—Applications
    • G10K2210/108—Communication systems, e.g. where useful sound is kept and noise is cancelled
    • G10K2210/1081—Earphones, e.g. for telephones, ear protectors or headsets
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10K—SOUND-PRODUCING DEVICES; METHODS OR DEVICES FOR PROTECTING AGAINST, OR FOR DAMPING, NOISE OR OTHER ACOUSTIC WAVES IN GENERAL; ACOUSTICS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G10K2210/00—Details of active noise control [ANC] covered by G10K11/178 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • G10K2210/30—Means
    • G10K2210/301—Computational
    • G10K2210/3055—Transfer function of the acoustic system
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R1/00—Details of transducers, loudspeakers or microphones
    • H04R1/10—Earpieces; Attachments therefor ; Earphones; Monophonic headphones
    • H04R1/1016—Earpieces of the intra-aural type
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2410/00—Microphones
    • H04R2410/05—Noise reduction with a separate noise microphone
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
    • H04R2460/00—Details of hearing devices, i.e. of ear- or headphones covered by H04R1/10 or H04R5/033 but not provided for in any of their subgroups, or of hearing aids covered by H04R25/00 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • H04R2460/01—Hearing devices using active noise cancellation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to speech enhancement technology, and more particularly to a speech enhancement apparatus and method for applying active noise control technology to a receiver end of a non-closed earphone type earphone, and a non-closed earphone type earphone.
  • the increase in the level of social information enables people to communicate and communicate anytime, anywhere.
  • earphone type communication earphones such as a mono Bluetooth headset and a stereo communication headset
  • the user can continue the work while communicating.
  • the large number of applications of electronic devices has brought more and more noise.
  • Communication in a noisy environment seriously affects the clarity and intelligibility of the communication voice.
  • the noise is high enough, not only can communication not be carried out at all, but it can also hurt people's hearing and physical and mental health. Therefore, solving the noise problem, especially the noise problem in the communication process, has become an urgent demand for people.
  • one scheme is to use the advanced acoustic signal processing technology to effectively improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the voice signal picked up by the microphone at the transmitting end of the communication earphone. So that the remote user can hear the speech of the communication headset user; another solution is to increase the voice signal-to-noise ratio of the receiver at the receiving end of the communication headset, so that the near-end earphone wearer can hear the remote user The voice signal coming over.
  • Another method is to combine the traditional active/passive noise control technology (see Chinese invention patent application publication CN101432798A, CN101001481A, US invention patent US20070036367A1, US20100142726A1) is applied to a closed communication headset.
  • the closed earphones are divided into two types: head-mounted and ear-plug type. Closed earphones generally use a holster and a human ear for a hermetic coupling. In this closed earphone type, the medium and high frequency noise is reduced by the sound absorption and sound insulation of the material, and the low frequency (mainly below 500 Hz) noise is effectively reduced by the active noise control technique, thereby achieving the full frequency band. The better elimination of external noise, thereby effectively improving the voice signal to noise ratio of the receiving end of the communication earphone.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of conventional closed-type headphones using noise-following with feedforward active noise control techniques.
  • the feedforward active noise control system assumes that external noise is first propagated to the microphone and then to the human ear.
  • the noise propagates to the microphone, its propagation path will be divided into two.
  • One is propagated physically to the human ear along the acoustic channel P as shown in Figure 1, as shown by the solid line in Figure 1, where P is the acoustic transfer function of external noise propagating from the microphone to the human ear.
  • the other channel will be propagated on the electronic level, as shown in Figure 1.
  • the anti-noise propagation path from the microphone to the speaker can be represented as a series of H and G, where H is the analog
  • H is the analog
  • G is the transfer function from the speaker to the human ear.
  • the traditional closed-type earphones with feedforward active noise control technology mainly reduce the noise at low frequencies (below 500 Hz), but the P and GH delays need to be consistent in a very low and narrow frequency band. These two points can guarantee the circuit H.
  • the delay has a large margin and is easier to implement.
  • the non-closed earphone type earphone does not have a solid structure that seals the air pressure inside and outside the ear canal, external noise propagates directly from the microphone to the human ear in the air, resulting in a small delay of the acoustic channel P.
  • the non-closed earphones need to be reduced in noise in the audio range (300 Hz to 3.4 kHz), it is required that the delays of P and GH should be as uniform as possible in the audio range. That is to say, in the non-enclosed earphone, if the above-described feedforward active noise control technique is employed, the circuit H is very difficult to implement or is fundamentally unrealizable.
  • the degree of tightness of the earplug coupling with the human ear and the size of the auricle portion may affect P and G, so that the noise reduction amount may be different when worn by different people. Large differences, resulting in poor noise reduction stability. Therefore, it is difficult to directly apply the traditional feedforward active noise control technology to the receiving end of the non-closed earphone type earphone to improve the signal to noise ratio of the voice at the receiving end.
  • a novel speech enhancement apparatus and method for applying feedforward active noise control technology to a receiver end of a non-closed earphone type earphone which generates anti-noise with opposite phase and equal amplitude by utilizing external noise, and It cancels out at the human ear to eliminate noise in the entire voice band (300 Hz to 3.4 kHz) or most of the frequency band in the voice band, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the voice at the receiving end.
  • a voice enhancement device for a receiver end of a non-closed earphone type earphone wherein a non-closed coupling manner is adopted between an ear portion of the earphone and the human ear, and the device includes:
  • a noise filter for processing the received external noise to obtain an anti-noise opposite to the phase of the received external noise
  • phase compensator for phase compensation of the anti-noise of the noise filter output
  • a speaker unit for performing electroacoustic conversion and outputting the signal outputted by the adder, so that the anti-noise included in the input signal of the speaker unit is equal in amplitude and phase to the external noise passing through the space to the human ear when reaching the human ear in contrast.
  • a voice enhancement method for a receiver end of a non-closed earphone type wherein a non-closed coupling manner is adopted between an ear portion of the earphone and a human ear, the method comprising:
  • the received external noise is processed by a noise filter to obtain anti-noise having a phase opposite to the received external noise;
  • Phase compensation is performed on the anti-noise of the noise filter output by using a phase compensator
  • the summed signal is electroacoustically converted and outputted through the speaker unit such that the anti-noise included in the input signal of the speaker unit reaches the human ear, and the amplitude of the external noise reaching the human ear through the space is equal and opposite in phase.
  • a non-closed earphone type earphone wherein a non-closed coupling manner is adopted between an ear portion of the earphone and a human ear, including:
  • a voice signal receiving port for receiving a voice signal
  • a noise filter for processing the received external noise to obtain an anti-noise opposite to the phase of the received external noise
  • phase compensator for phase compensation of the anti-noise of the noise filter output
  • An adder for adding the anti-noise output by the phase compensator to the received speech signal
  • a speaker unit for performing electroacoustic conversion and outputting the signal outputted by the adder, so that the anti-noise included in the input signal of the speaker unit is equal in amplitude and phase to the external noise passing through the space to the human ear when reaching the human ear in contrast.
  • the speech enhancement device and method for the non-enclosed earphone type earphone end of the invention adopts better ergonomics and acoustic design to ensure wearing comfort, and can generate phase opposite and equal amplitude by utilizing external noise. Anti-noise, and cancel each other at the human ear to achieve the elimination of speech segment noise, thereby improving the signal-to-noise ratio of the speech at the receiving end.
  • Figure 1 shows a block diagram of the feedforward active noise control logic
  • Figure 2 is a block diagram showing a speech enhancement apparatus for a non-closed earphone type earphone according to the present invention
  • 3A is a block diagram showing the application of a speech enhancement device according to the present invention to a non-enclosed earphone
  • 3B is a schematic diagram of a mono headset system
  • 3C is a schematic diagram of a stereo earphone partial ear system
  • Figure 4 shows an in-ear portion of a non-closed communication headset
  • FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of a method for speech enhancement using feedforward active noise control in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 6 shows a block diagram of a non-closed earphone type earphone having a speech enhancement device in accordance with the present invention
  • Figure 7 is a diagram showing a frequency domain representation of a speech signal to noise ratio of a headset receiving end using a speech enhancement device according to the present invention and a speech signal to noise ratio of an earphone receiving end of the speech intensifying device;
  • Fig. 8 shows a time domain representation of the speech signal to noise ratio of the earphone receiving end of the speech enhancing apparatus using the speech intensifying apparatus according to the present invention and the speech signal to noise ratio of the earphone receiving end of the speech intensifying apparatus.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a block diagram of a speech enhancement device 200 for a non-enclosed earbud type earphone in accordance with the present invention.
  • 3A, 3B and 3C show schematic diagrams of a speech enhancement device for use in a non-enclosed communication headset system in accordance with the present invention.
  • the speech enhancement apparatus 200 includes a microphone 201, a microphone preamplifier 203, a noise filter 205, a phase compensator 207, an adder 209, a speaker power amplifier 211, and a speaker 213.
  • the microphone 201 picks up an external noise signal.
  • the microphone 201 inputs the picked-out external noise signal to the microphone preamplifier 203 for amplification, and then inputs the amplified signal to the noise filter 205 to generate an anti-noise signal having a phase opposite to the original external noise.
  • the noise filter 205 is typically implemented using an inverting amplifier and some active filters and passive components that can correct the frequency response at low and high frequency portions. It should be noted here that the noise filter can also be implemented in other ways.
  • the phase compensator 207 phase compensates the generated anti-noise signal to correspondingly correct and adjust the phase of the anti-noise signal within the audio range.
  • the phase compensator 205 is typically implemented using a passive or active dual T-type network, although other similar implementations are possible.
  • the anti-noise signal subjected to the phase compensation by the phase compensator 207 and the input speech signal are added as an input of the speaker power amplifier 211.
  • the speaker power amplifier 211 amplifies the mixed signal mixed with the anti-noise and the voice signal, and inputs it to the speaker unit 213.
  • the speaker unit 213 performs electroacoustic conversion on the mixed signal mixed with anti-noise and speech signals by using its own transfer function to the human ear, so that the anti-noise and the arrival of the human ear are included when the output sound signal reaches the human ear.
  • the external noise is opposite in phase and the same amplitude, thus canceling the external noise in the human ear.
  • the mixed signal mixed with anti-noise and voice passes through the speaker unit 213, and becomes a sound signal fed into the human ear.
  • the anti-noise signal emitted from the speaker and the original noise signal transmitted from the acoustic channel to the human ear have the same phase, so In the human ear, mutual overlap cancellation occurs, so as to eliminate the original noise and anti-noise, the noise is reduced, and the speech energy is unchanged, which effectively improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the speech signal, and the propagation to the human ear will be Clear and understandable pure voice signals.
  • the voice signal is a useful signal transmitted by the remote user of the communication, and can be transmitted from the communication device to the earphone receiving terminal through the wired mode, or can be transmitted through the wireless device (such as a short-range wireless device such as a Bluetooth earphone).
  • the wireless device such as a short-range wireless device such as a Bluetooth earphone.
  • the noise filter 205, the phase compensator 207 and the speaker unit 213 together control the phase of the anti-noise in the mixed signal that finally reaches the human ear, so that the phase of the anti-noise that finally reaches the human ear reaches the human ear.
  • the external noise is in the opposite phase.
  • the microphone 201, the microphone preamplifier 203, the noise filter 205, the speaker power amplifier 211, and the speaker unit 213 together control the amplitude of the anti-noise so that the magnitude of the anti-noise that finally reaches the human ear is the same as the amplitude of the external noise that reaches the human ear.
  • the microphone preamplifier 203 and the speaker power amplifier 211 can be omitted as needed.
  • the microphone preamplifier 203, the noise filter 205, the phase compensator 207, the adder 209, and the speaker power amplifier 211 may be implemented by separate devices or by the same device.
  • front and rear cavities of the speaker unit can be designed and processed, and the size and opening of the front and rear cavities can be adjusted to improve the transfer function G of the speaker unit, thereby changing the phase response in the audio range, thereby changing the final The phase and amplitude of the anti-noise that reaches the human ear.
  • Figure 4 illustrates one possible implementation of the in-ear portion of a non-enclosed communication headset.
  • the ear part is placed in the ear canal with a smaller cuff.
  • the spatial transmission path from the speaker to the human ear becomes shorter, thereby ensuring that the acoustic transfer function of the different people is better when worn.
  • the structure of the earphone in the ear shown in FIG. 4 can reduce the individual difference of wearing by different people while ensuring wearing comfort, thereby ensuring that the feedforward active noise control technology is applied to the non-closed communication earphone when different people wear it to the outside world.
  • the amount of noise suppression is equivalent, thereby achieving the stability of noise reduction when worn by different people.
  • FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of a method for speech enhancement using feedforward active noise control in accordance with the present invention.
  • step 501 external noise is received by the microphone.
  • step 503. the received ambient noise is processed using a noise filter to obtain anti-noise that is opposite in phase to the received ambient noise.
  • step 505. the phase noise is used to phase compensate the anti-noise of the noise filter output.
  • step 507 the anti-noise outputted by the phase compensator is added to the speech signal received by the earphone. Then, the flow proceeds to step 509.
  • step 509 the added signal is electrically converted and outputted through the speaker unit, so that when the anti-noise included in the input signal of the speaker unit reaches the human ear, the amplitude of the external noise reaching the human ear through the space is equal and The opposite is true.
  • Figure 6 shows a block diagram of a non-closed earphone type earphone 600 having a speech enhancement device in accordance with the present invention.
  • the earphone 600 includes a voice signal receiving port 601 and the voice enhancing device 200 as shown in FIG. 2, wherein a voice signal received by the voice signal receiving port 601 is input to the adder 209.
  • the functions of the various components of the speech enhancement device 200 and their descriptions are identical to those described above with respect to FIG. 2 and will not be described again.
  • Fig. 7 shows a frequency domain representation of the speech signal to noise ratio of the earphone receiving end of the speech enhancing apparatus using the speech intensifying apparatus according to the present invention and the speech signal to noise ratio of the earphone receiving end of the speech intensifying apparatus.
  • the noise is approximately reduced by more than 10 dB in the frequency band of 500 Hz to 1.5 kHz, and the energy of the speech signal remains unchanged, thereby effectively improving the receiving end.
  • the signal-to-noise ratio of the speech ensures the clarity and intelligibility of the speech at the receiving end.
  • Fig. 8 shows a time domain representation of the speech signal to noise ratio of the earphone receiving end of the speech enhancing apparatus using the speech intensifying apparatus according to the present invention and the speech signal to noise ratio of the earphone receiving end of the speech intensifying apparatus.
  • the external speaker emits white noise to simulate external high-intensity environmental noise
  • the earphone system is worn on the 711 artificial ear
  • the voice of the far-end user is transmitted to the input end of the voice signal of the earphone through Bluetooth and fed to the communication.
  • the speaker of the earphone, Figure 8 shows the signal picked up by the microphone on the 711 artificial ear before and after turning on the speech enhancement device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 8 shows a time domain representation of the speech signal to noise ratio of the earphone receiving end of the speech enhancing apparatus using the speech intensifying apparatus according to the present invention and the speech signal to noise ratio of the earphone receiving end of the speech intensifying apparatus.
  • the external speaker emits white noise to simulate external high-intens
  • the speech enhancement device according to the present invention when the speech enhancement device according to the present invention is not turned on, the speech signal is substantially submerged in the noise signal. After the voice enhancement device according to the present invention is turned on, the energy of the external noise signal in the voice band is greatly reduced, and the voice signal can be more clearly highlighted, which greatly improves the signal-to-noise ratio of the voice of the receiver.
  • the speech enhancement device and method for the non-enclosed earphone type earphone end of the invention adopts better ergonomics and acoustic design to ensure wearing comfort, and can generate phase opposite and equal amplitude by utilizing external noise.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Audiology, Speech & Language Pathology (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
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Description

非封闭式耳塞型耳机及其受话端语音增强装置及方法
本发明涉及语音增强技术，更为具体地，涉及一种将主动噪声控制技术应用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强装置及方法，以及一种非封闭式耳塞型耳机。
社会信息化程度的提高使得人们能随时随地进行通信和交流。随着单声道蓝牙耳机、立体声通信耳机等耳塞型通信耳机的应用，使用者可以在通信的同时继续手中的工作。然而，电子设备的大量应用带来越来越多的噪声。在噪声环境中进行通信，严重影响到通信语音的清晰度和可懂度。当噪声高到一定程度时，不但通信根本就无法进行，而且会伤害到人的听力和身心健康。因此，解决噪声问题，特别是通信过程中的噪声问题，成为人们当前的紧迫需求。
对于在强噪声背景下进行通信的噪声问题，通常采用下述两种方案：一个方案是在通信耳机的送话端，采用先进的声学信号处理技术有效提高传声器所拾取的语音信号的信噪比，从而使得远端用户能够听清通信耳机使用者的讲话；另一方案是在通信耳机的受话端，提高受话端的语音信噪比，从而使得近端耳机佩戴者能够听清远端用户送过来的语音信号。
然而，提高通信耳机受话端的语音信噪比在本领域一直是技术难题。为了提高通信耳机受话端的语音信噪比，现有技术中给出了两种方法。一种方法是采用自动音量控制技术（参见中国发明专利申请公开CN1507293A），在该方法中，当外界噪声高时，自动地提高输出给扬声器单元的功率。这是一种被动方法，由于扬声器单元本身的功率及入耳式耳塞馈入人耳声压的行业标准的限制，扬声器单元的音量不可能无限制提高。此外，扬声器发出的高强度的语音对使用者本身的听力和身心健康也会产生伤害。另一种方法是把传统的主动/被动相结合的噪声控制技术（参见中国发明专利申请公开CN101432798A，CN101001481A，美国发明专利US20070036367A1, US20100142726A1）应用于封闭式通信耳机。这种封闭式耳机分为头戴式和耳塞型两种。封闭式耳塞型耳机一般采用皮套和人耳进行密封性的耦合形式。在这种封闭式耳塞型耳机中，通过材料的吸声和隔声来降低中、高频噪声，以及通过主动噪声控制技术有效地降低低频（主要在500Hz以下）噪声，从而在全频带实现对外界噪声的较好消除，由此较有效地提高通信耳机受话端的语音信噪比。
图1示出了传统的封闭式耳机利用前馈主动噪声控制技术进行噪声消除的示意图。如图1所示，前馈主动噪声控制系统都假设外界噪声都是先传播到传声器处，然后再传播到人耳处，当噪声传播到传声器处时，其传播路径将分为两条，第一条是沿着如图1所示的声学通道P在物理空间上传播到人耳处，如图1中实线所示，其中P为外界噪声从传声器处传播到人耳处的声学传递函数。另一条通道将是在电子层面上传播，如图1所示的从传声器到扬声器的产生反噪声的传播途径，如图1中虚线所示，可以表示为H和G的串联，其中H为模拟主动降噪电路的频率响应，G为扬声器到人耳处的传递函数。假设在降噪的频带上设计为P=-GH, 即，P和GH幅度相同，相位刚好相反，那么从两条路径传播过来的原始噪声和反噪声在人耳处相互叠加抵消，从而达到降噪的目的。由于在封闭式耳塞型耳机中，噪声在声学通道P中传播时需要透过封闭耳机的固体结构，噪声在不同介质间的传播会给声学通道P带来较大的时延。另外传统的采用前馈主动噪声控制技术的封闭式耳机主要对低频（500Hz以下）进行降噪，只是需要在很低很窄的频带内P和GH时延一致，这两点能保证电路H的时延有一个较大的余量，较容易实现。
然而，长期佩戴密封式耳塞型通信耳机，使用者的耳道内外气压不均衡，从而导致使用者感觉到不舒适。因此，为了佩戴舒适，需要一种非封闭式耳塞型耳机。
然而，由于非封闭式耳塞型耳机不具有密封隔离耳道内外气压的固体结构，外界噪声直接在空气中从传声器处传播到人耳处，从而导致声学通道P的时延较小。此外，由于非封闭式耳塞型耳机需要针对音频范围内（300Hz～3.4kHz）的噪声进行降低，所以要求在音频范围内P和GH的时延都尽可能应该一致。也就是说，在非封闭式耳机中，如果采用上述前馈主动噪声控制技术，则电路H实现起来非常困难或者根本上就是物理上不可实现的。此外，在非封闭式耳塞型耳机的情况下，耳塞与人耳耦合的松紧程度，耳廓部分的大小，都会对P和G产生影响，从而在不同人佩戴时，其降噪量可能存在较大差异，由此导致降噪稳定性不好。因此，难以将传统的前馈主动噪声控制技术直接应用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端来提高受话端语音的信噪比。
 技术问题
鉴于上述问题，提供了一种新的将前馈主动噪声控制技术应用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强装置及方法，其通过利用外界噪声产生相位相反且幅度相等的反噪声，并在人耳处相互抵消，以实现对整个语音频带（300Hz～3.4kHz）或者是语音频带内的大部分频段的噪声进行消除，从而提高受话端语音的信噪比。
技术解决方案
根据本发明的一个实施例，提供了一种用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强装置，其中耳机的入耳部分与人耳之间采用非封闭式耦合方式，所述装置包括：
传声器，用于接收外界噪声；
噪声滤波器，用于对所接收的外界噪声进行处理，以获得与所接收的外界噪声相位相反的反噪声；
相位补偿器，用于对噪声滤波器输出的反噪声进行相位补偿；
加法器，用于将相位补偿器输出的反噪声与耳机所接收的语音信号相加；以及
扬声器单元，用于对加法器输出的信号进行电声转换并进行输出，以使得扬声器单元的输入信号中包括的反噪声在到达人耳时，与通过空间到达人耳的外界噪声幅度相等且相位相反。
根据另一方面，一种用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强方法，其中所述耳机的入耳部分与人耳之间采用非封闭式的耦合方式，所述方法包括：
利用传声器接收外界噪声；
利用噪声滤波器对所接收的外界噪声进行处理，以获得与所接收的外界噪声相位相反的反噪声；
利用相位补偿器对噪声滤波器输出的反噪声进行相位补偿；
将相位补偿器输出的反噪声与耳机所接收的语音信号相加；以及
通过扬声器单元对相加后的信号进行电声转换并进行输出，以使得扬声器单元的输入信号中包括的反噪声到达人耳时，与通过空间到达人耳的外界噪声幅度相等且相位相反。
根据另一方面，提供了一种非封闭式耳塞型耳机，其中所述耳机的入耳部分与人耳之间采用非封闭式的耦合方式，包括：
语音信号接收端口，用于接收语音信号；
传声器，用于接收外界噪声；
噪声滤波器，用于对所接收的外界噪声进行处理，以获得与所接收的外界噪声相位相反的反噪声；
相位补偿器，用于对噪声滤波器输出的反噪声进行相位补偿；
加法器，用于将相位补偿器输出的反噪声与所接收的语音信号相加；以及
扬声器单元，用于对加法器输出的信号进行电声转换并进行输出，以使得扬声器单元的输入信号中包括的反噪声在到达人耳时，与通过空间到达人耳的外界噪声幅度相等且相位相反。
为了实现上述以及相关目的，本发明的一个或多个方面包括后面将详细说明并在权利要求中特别指出的特征。下面的说明以及附图详细说明了本发明的某些示例性方面。然而，这些方面指示的仅仅是可使用本发明的原理的各种方式中的一些方式。此外，本发明旨在包括所有这些方面以及它们的等同物。
 有益效果
利用本发明的应用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强装置及方法，采用较好的人体工学和声学设计，保证佩戴舒适性的同时，可以通过利用外界噪声产生相位相反且幅度相等的反噪声，并在人耳处相互抵消来实现对语音段噪声的消除，从而提高受话端语音的信噪比。
附图说明
通过参考以下结合附图的说明及权利要求书的内容，并且随着对本发明的更全面理解，本发明的其它目的及结果将更加明白及易于理解。在附图中：
图1示出了前馈主动噪声控制逻辑原理框图；
图2示出了根据本发明的用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强装置的方框图；
图3A示出了根据本发明的语音增强装置应用于非封闭式耳机方框示意图，3B为单声道耳机系统示意图，3C为立体声耳机单耳部分系统示意图；
图4示出了非封闭式通信耳机一种入耳部分结构；
图5示出了根据本发明的利用前馈主动噪声控制来进行语音增强的方法的流程图；
图6示出了具有根据本发明的语音增强装置的非封闭式耳塞型耳机的方框图；
图7示出了利用根据本发明的语音增强装置的耳机受话端的语音信噪比与不利用语音增强装置的耳机受话端的语音信噪比的频域表示；
图8示出了利用根据本发明的语音增强装置的耳机受话端的语音信噪比与不利用语音增强装置的耳机受话端的语音信噪比的时域表示。
在所有附图中相同的标号指示相似或相应的特征或功能。
 本发明的实施方式
以下将结合附图对本发明的具体实施例进行详细描述。
图2例示了根据本发明的用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机的语音增强装置200的方框图。图3A，3B和3C示出了根据本发明的语音增强装置应用于非封闭式通信耳机系统示意图。
如图2所示，所述语音增强装置200包括传声器201、传声器前置放大器203、噪声滤波器205、相位补偿器207、加法器209、扬声器功率放大器211以及扬声器213。
首先，传声器201拾取外界噪声信号。传声器201将所拾取的外界噪声信号输入到传声器前置放大器203进行放大，然后将放大后的信号输入到噪声滤波器205，以产生与原始外界噪声相位相反的反噪声信号。噪声滤波器205通常采用反向放大器和一些可以在低频和高频部分对频率响应进行修正的有源滤波器和无源器件来实现。这里要说明的是，噪声滤波器也可以采用其它方式实现。
然后，将噪声滤波器205产生的反噪声信号输入到相位补偿器207。相位补偿器207对所产生的反噪声信号进行相位补偿，以在音频范围内对反噪声信号的相位进行相应的修正和调整。所述相位补偿器205通常采用无源或有源的双T型网络来实现，但是，也可以有其他相类似的实现方式。
然后，在加法器209，将经过相位补偿器207进行相位补偿后的反噪声信号和输入的语音信号相加，作为扬声器功率放大器211的输入。扬声器功率放大器211把混有反噪声和语音信号的混合信号放大后，输入到扬声器单元213。扬声器单元213利用其自身到达人耳的传递函数，对混有反噪声和语音信号的混合信号进行电声转换，以使得输出后的声音信号到达人耳时，所包括的反噪声与到达人耳的外界噪声相位相反且幅度相同，从而在人耳中抵消外界噪声。
混有反噪声和语音的混合信号经过扬声器单元213，变成声音信号馈入人耳，从扬声器发出的反噪声信号和从声学通道传播到人耳处的原始噪声信号幅度相同相位相反，所以会在人耳处发生相互叠加抵消，从而达到同时消除原始噪声和反噪声的目的，噪声得到了降低，而语音能量不变，有效提高了语音信号的信噪比，传播到人耳处的将是清晰可懂较纯净的语音信号。
要说明的是，语音信号为通信的远端用户传过来的有用信号，可以是通过有线模式从通信设备传到耳机受话端，也可以通过无线设备（如蓝牙耳机等近距离无线设备）传到耳机的受话端，因为传声器不会拾取到送往通信耳机受话端的语音信号，不会产生与受话端语音信号反向的信号，所以受话端语音信号本身不会受到主动噪声控制技术的影响。
这里还要说明的是，噪声滤波器205、相位补偿器207和扬声器单元213一起控制最后到达人耳的混合信号中的反噪声的相位，使得最后到达人耳的反噪声的相位与到达人耳的外界噪声相位相反。传声器201、传声器前置放大器203、噪声滤波器205、扬声器功率放大器211以及扬声器单元213一起控制反噪声的幅度，使得最后到达人耳的反噪声的幅度与到达人耳的外界噪声幅度相同。
此外，可以根据需要，省略传声器前置放大器203和扬声器功率放大器211。此外，传声器前置放大器203、噪声滤波器205、相位补偿器207、加法器209、扬声器功率放大器211可以采用单独的器件实现，也可以采用同一器件实现。
此外，还可以通过对扬声器单体的前、后腔进行设计和处理，调整前后腔的大小和开孔以改善扬声器单元的传递函数G，从而改变在音频范围内的相位响应，由此改变最后到达人耳的反噪声的相位和幅度。
此外，还可以通过改变耳机与人耳部分的耦合方式来实现佩戴的舒适性以及降噪的稳定性。图4示出了非封闭式通信耳机入耳部分一种可能的实现结构。其中入耳部分采用较小的收口深入耳道内。通过使得收口深入耳道中，从扬声器到人耳的空间传输路径变短，从而保证不同人佩戴时其声学传递函数具有较好的一致性。图4所示的耳机入耳的结构能在保证佩戴舒适性的同时，减小不同人佩戴的个体差异性，从而确保前馈主动噪声控制技术应用于非封闭式通信耳机时不同人佩戴时对外界噪声抑制量相当，由此达到不同人佩戴时降噪的稳定性。
图5示出了根据本发明的利用前馈主动噪声控制来进行语音增强的方法的流程图。如图5所示，在步骤501，利用传声器接收外界噪声。在接收到外界噪声后，流程进行到步骤503。在步骤503，利用噪声滤波器对所接收的外界噪声进行处理，以获得与所接收的外界噪声相位相反的反噪声。在获得反噪声后，流程进行到步骤505。在步骤505，利用相位补偿器对噪声滤波器输出的反噪声进行相位补偿。在对反噪声进行补偿后，流程进行到步骤507，在步骤507，将相位补偿器输出的反噪声与耳机所接收的语音信号相加。然后，流程进行到步骤509。在步骤509，通过扬声器单元对相加后的信号进行电声转换并进行输出，以使得扬声器单元的输入信号中包括的反噪声到达人耳时，与通过空间到达人耳的外界噪声幅度相等且相位相反。
图6示出了具有根据本发明的语音增强装置的非封闭式耳塞型耳机600的方框图。
如图6所示，所述耳机600包括语音信号接收端口601以及如图2所示的所述语音增强装置200，其中语音信号接收端口601所接收的语音信号被输入到加法器209。所述语音增强装置200的各个组成部件的功能及其描述与上面针对图2进行的描述完全相同，在此不再进行描述。
图7示出了利用根据本发明的语音增强装置的耳机受话端的语音信噪比与不利用语音增强装置的耳机受话端的语音信噪比的频域表示。当不开启主动噪声控制技术（即，不利用根据本发明的语音增强装置）时，传到人耳处的受话端语音信号基本被传到人耳处的外界噪声信号所掩蔽，在语音频带300Hz~3.4kHz频带内（尤其在500Hz～1.5kHz频带上），受话端语音信号信噪比很低，这严重影响到通信的正常进行。当开启主动噪声控制技术（即，利用根据本发明的语音增强装置）后，在500Hz～1.5kHz频带内，噪声大概被降低10dB多，而语音信号能量保持不变，从而有效提高了受话端语音的信噪比，保证了受话端语音的清晰度和可懂度。
图8示出了利用根据本发明的语音增强装置的耳机受话端的语音信噪比与不利用语音增强装置的耳机受话端的语音信噪比的时域表示。在图8的示例中，利用外界音箱发出白噪声来模拟外界高强度环境噪声，耳机系统佩戴在711仿真耳上，远端用户的语音通过蓝牙传播到耳机的语音信号的输入端并馈给通信耳机的扬声器，图8示出了在开启根据本发明的语音增强装置前后，711仿真耳上的传声器拾取到的信号。从图8可以看出，当不开启根据本发明的语音增强装置时，语音信号基本上被淹没在噪声信号里面。而在开启根据本发明的语音增强装置后，外界噪声信号在语音频带上的能量大大减小，语音信号就能较明显地凸现出来，极大地提高了受话端语音的信噪比。
 工业实用性
通过以上结合附图对本发明实施例的详细描述，不难看出： 利用本发明的应用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强装置及方法，采用较好的人体工学和声学设计，保证佩戴舒适性的同时，可以通过利用外界噪声产生相位相反且幅度相等的反噪声，并在人耳处相互抵消来实现对语音段噪声的消除，从而提高受话端语音的信噪比。
但是，本领域技术人员应当理解，对 于 上述本发明所提出的 利用主动噪声控制来进行语音增强的方法和装置 ，还可以在不脱离本发明内容的基础上做出各种改进。因此，本发明的保护范围应当由所附的权利要求书的内容确定。

Claims (1)

  1. 1、一种用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强装置，其中耳机的入耳部分与人耳之间采用非封闭式的耦合方式，所述装置包括：
    传声器，用于接收外界噪声；
    噪声滤波器，用于对所接收的外界噪声进行处理，以获得与所接收的外界噪声相位相反的反噪声；
    相位补偿器，用于对噪声滤波器输出的反噪声进行相位补偿；
    加法器，用于将相位补偿器输出的反噪声与耳机所接收的语音信号相加；以及
    扬声器单元，用于对加法器输出的信号进行电声转换并进行输出，以使得扬声器单元的输入信号中包括的反噪声在到达人耳时，与通过空间到达人耳的外界噪声幅度相等且相位相反。
    2、如权利要求1所述的语音增强装置，其中，所述非封闭式耦合方式是指在耳机正常佩戴情况下，佩戴者耳道内气压和外界空间是流通的。
    3、如权利要求1所述的语音增强装置，其中，对扬声器单元的单体的前、后腔进行调整，以调整扬声器到人耳的传递函数。
    4、如权利要求1所述的语音增强装置，还包括第一放大器，其位于传声器和噪声滤波器之间，用于对传声器所接收的外界噪声进行放大。
    5、如权利要求1-3中任何一个所述的语音增强装置，还包括第二放大器，其位于加法器和扬声器单元之间，用于对加法器输出的信号进行放大。
    6、如权利要求1所述的语音增强装置，其中，所述耳机的入耳部分采用较小的收口深入耳道。
    7、如权利要求1所述的语音增强装置，其中，所消除的噪声是语音频带内的噪声，所述语音频带是300Hz～3.4kHz。
    8、如权利要求1所述的语音增强装置，其中，所述语音信号是通过有线连接方式或无线传输方式获得的。
    9、一种用于非封闭式耳塞型耳机受话端的语音增强方法，其中所述耳机的入耳部分与人耳之间采用非封闭式的耦合方式，所述方法包括：
    利用传声器接收外界噪声；
    利用噪声滤波器对所接收的外界噪声进行处理，以获得与所接收的外界噪声相位相反的反噪声；
    利用相位补偿器对噪声滤波器输出的反噪声进行相位补偿；
    将相位补偿器输出的反噪声与耳机所接收的语音信号相加；以及
    通过扬声器单元对相加后的信号进行电声转换并进行输出，以使得扬声器单元的输入信号中包括的反噪声在到达人耳时，与通过空间到达人耳的外界噪声幅度相等且相位相反。
    10、如权利要求9所述的语音增强方法，其中，对扬声器单元的单体的前、后腔进行调整，以调整扬声器到人耳的传递函数。
    11、如权利要求9所述的语音增强方法，还包括对传声器所接收的外界噪声进行放大。
    12、如权利要求9-11中任何一个所述的语音增强方法，还包括对相加后的信号进行放大。
    13、如权利要求9所述的语音增强方法，其中，所消除的噪声是语音频段内的噪声，所述语音频带是300Hz～3.4kHz。
    14、如权利要求9所述的语音增强方法，其中，所述语音信号是通过有线连接方式或无线传输方式获得的。
    15、一种非封闭式耳塞型耳机，其中所述耳机的入耳部分与人耳之间采用非封闭式的耦合方式，包括：
    语音信号接收端口，用于接收语音信号；
    传声器，用于接收外界噪声；
    噪声滤波器，用于对所接收的外界噪声进行处理，以获得与所接收的外界噪声相位相反的反噪声；
    相位补偿器，用于对噪声滤波器输出的反噪声进行相位补偿；
    加法器，用于将相位补偿器输出的反噪声与所接收的语音信号相加；以及
    扬声器单元，用于对加法器输出的信号进行电声转换并进行输出，以使得扬声器单元的输入信号中包括的反噪声在到达人耳时，与通过空间到达人耳的外界噪声幅度相等且相位相反。
    16、如权利要求15所述的耳机，其中，对所述扬声器单元的单体的前、后腔进行调整，以调整扬声器到人耳的传递函数。
    17、如权利要求15所述的耳机，其中，对所述耳机的入耳部分的结构进行调整，以实现不同人佩戴时的所述耳机的声学传递函数的一致性。
    18、如权利要求15所述的耳机，其中，所述耳机的入耳部分采用较小的收口深入耳道。
    19、如权利要求15所述的耳机，其中，所述耳机是单耳或者是双耳立体声耳机。
    20、如权利要求15所述的耳机，其中，所述语音信号是通过有线连接方式或无线传输方式获得的。
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