WO2011079713A1 - 一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床及其处理方法 - Google Patents

一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床及其处理方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011079713A1
WO2011079713A1 PCT/CN2010/079773 CN2010079773W WO2011079713A1 WO 2011079713 A1 WO2011079713 A1 WO 2011079713A1 CN 2010079773 W CN2010079773 W CN 2010079773W WO 2011079713 A1 WO2011079713 A1 WO 2011079713A1
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Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
packing layer
trickling filter
spray
biological trickling
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English (en)
French (fr)
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任洪强
伍永钢
丁丽丽
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Nanjing University
Nanjing Tech University
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Priority to AU2010338799A priority Critical patent/AU2010338799B2/en
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Priority to US13/457,465 priority patent/US9050558B2/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/34—Chemical or biological purification of waste gases
    • B01D53/74—General processes for purification of waste gases; Apparatus or devices specially adapted therefor
    • B01D53/84—Biological processes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
    • B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
    • B01D53/18—Absorbing units; Liquid distributors therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/206—Organic halogen compounds
    • B01D2257/2064—Chlorine
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/30—Sulfur compounds
    • B01D2257/304—Hydrogen sulfide
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/40—Nitrogen compounds
    • B01D2257/406—Ammonia
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/702—Hydrocarbons
    • B01D2257/7027—Aromatic hydrocarbons
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
    • B01D2257/70—Organic compounds not provided for in groups B01D2257/00 - B01D2257/602
    • B01D2257/708—Volatile organic compounds V.O.C.'s
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an apparatus and a processing method for exhaust gas, and more particularly to a biological trickling filter for exhaust gas treatment using a cross-flow structure and a method for treating the same.
  • a biological trickling filter is generally defined as a bioreactor that uses some or all of the inert fillers, is artificially inoculated with microorganisms, and uses continuous or intermittent enhanced spray to treat odorous pollutants in the air. It has a wide range of applications, high processing load, and use.
  • the reactor configuration of the biological trickling filter bed has an important influence on the application range and operation performance of the reactor, and is the first consideration factor in the design of the reactor.
  • the biological trickling filter bed which has been researched and applied at present, mostly adopts a single gas in the structure. Liquid contact mode, specifically downstream or countercurrent (Cox HH, Sexton T, Shareefdeen ZM, et al. Thermophilic biotrickling filtration of ethanol vapors [J].
  • the pollutants to be treated by the biological trickling filter are quite complex, especially in the case of heavy pollution in pharmaceutical plants, there are dozens of gas components, and the concentration between these pollutants.
  • the difference is very large, and the nature of the contaminant is very different (there is good water solubility and poor water solubility. It is easy to biodegrade, and it is also difficult to biodegrade. There is a high odor threshold and a low odor threshold).
  • Patent CN 1772352 discloses a bio-trickling filter bed filled with different sizes of fillers, but adopts a counter-current operation mode
  • Patent CN1772351 discloses a biological trickling filter bed for removing nitrogen oxides, which adopts a drum structure. For the removal of nitrogen oxide contaminants
  • Patent CN 1752034 discloses a biological trickling filter for removing malodorous gases from sewage plants and chemical plants, but using a countercurrent reactor structure.
  • the biological drip filter bed is difficult to obtain a good treatment effect for the exhaust gas with large components, high concentration difference, and large difference in physicochemical properties of the components.
  • the present invention provides a biological trickling filter for exhaust gas treatment.
  • the bed and its treatment method adopt a cross-flow type packed bed structure, and the pollutant gas with complex composition and different properties of each component can be efficiently and simultaneously removed in a single reactor.
  • a biological trickling filter for exhaust gas treatment comprising an exhaust gas inlet, a packing layer, a spray pipe, a spray liquid storage tank and an exhaust gas outlet, through which the exhaust gas passes through the first packing layer and at the bottom of the packing layer Changing the flow direction through the second packing layer, the flow direction of the exhaust gas in the first packing layer and the second packing layer is opposite, becoming a cross-flow structure, and two different exhaust gas flows form a cross-flow unit, consisting of two or Two or more cross-flow units constitute a biological trickling filter bed.
  • the biological trickling filter adopts a rectangular structure or a circular structure, and the interior is divided into a plurality of intervals.
  • the number of intervals is determined according to parameters such as composition, flow rate and temperature of the exhaust gas, generally more than two, and the filling height of the packing in each interval is according to the installation situation of the equipment. And the composition of the exhaust gas is determined, generally greater than 1.5 m.
  • the above structure can be made into a single module, and a single module or a plurality of modules can be used.
  • the filling layer is arranged in a partitioning manner to make the contact mode of the exhaust gas entering the biological trickling filter bed and the filler into a cross-flow process.
  • the spraying layer is provided with a spraying device on the upper part of the packing layer.
  • the sprinkler head is made of non-blocking nozzle.
  • the material is made of ceramic, stainless steel, graphite and other corrosion-resistant materials.
  • the nozzle is uniformly distributed according to the effective working area of each nozzle in the entire reactor cross section. Multiple layers of spray tubes can be placed to allow the reactor to elute when the pressure drop is increased due to accumulation of metabolites and residual biomass.
  • a spray liquid storage tank at the bottom of the reactor. The tank can be combined with the reactor into one unit or separated into separate parts.
  • Filler and its filling method A variety of fillers can be used, including granular activated carbon, polyethylene ring or spherical, polyurethane foam, ceramsite, etc., but generally use inert filler, the filler will not be degraded by microorganisms in the reactor, have certain Corrosion resistance, the packing size is determined by the composition of the exhaust gas and the flow rate. In a specific case, it is also possible to use two or more kinds of the above-mentioned fillers to be mixed and then to be loaded to improve the mass transfer effect, or to use different sizes of fillers for layering and filling, generally in the exhaust gas inlet of the reactor. For packing, the exhaust gas outlet uses a smaller packing.
  • the spray gas-liquid ratio is 100 ⁇ 600. When the main pollutant in the exhaust gas is hydrophilic, the upper limit is used. When the main pollutant is hydrophobic, the upper limit is adopted.
  • a method for treating exhaust gas by a biological trickling filter for exhaust gas treatment the steps of which are as follows:
  • the present invention provides a biological trickling filter for waste gas treatment and a treatment method thereof, and the biological drip filter bed disclosed by the invention can effectively solve the problem of simultaneously treating various properties of different pollutants, and the specific effects are as follows: : ( 1 ) Adapt to a variety of exhaust gases
  • the biological trickling filter of the invention can conveniently remove the accumulated metabolites and residual biomass in the filler layer, and the filler layer does not need to be backflushed, thereby greatly saving operating costs.
  • the programmed culture method of the packing film was developed, which completely changed the reactor starting mode of the biological trickling filter which needs to be inoculated on the spot.
  • the biological trickling filter of the invention does not need to be started on site, and is completed at the same time of equipment processing.
  • the filler film is installed. After the equipment is installed on the site, the startup process is not required, and the equipment can be directly put into operation, which improves the reliability of equipment operation and saves the construction period and investment cost.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view of the structure of the present invention, wherein: 1, the exhaust gas inlet; 2, the packing layer; 3, the spray liquid storage tank; 4, the instrument panel; 5, the exhaust gas outlet; 6, the mist eliminator; 8. Washing pipe; 9. Packing support plate; 10. Filling port; 11. Sampling port; 12. Venting port; 13. Spray pipe
  • the specific structure of the biological trickling filter for biological treatment of exhaust gas is shown in Figure 1.
  • the reactor is made of reinforced concrete, FRP, carbon steel, stainless steel or other materials suitable for strength and corrosion resistance.
  • the exhaust gas enters the biological trickling filter from the exhaust gas inlet 1 , and the gas inlet can be located at the top of the biological trickling filter or at the bottom or the middle. After passing through the inlet, the exhaust gas passes through the first packing layer 2 and changes the flow direction at the bottom of the packing layer.
  • the second-stage packing layer 2 by providing a separator between the first-stage and second-stage packing layers, the flow of the exhaust gas in the first-stage packing layer and the second-stage packing layer is reversed (see the drawing for details).
  • the bio-trick filter bed of the present invention can be A plurality of such reactor modules are connected in series, in parallel or combined to form a larger reactor, and the exhaust gas passing through the packing layer is finally passed through the demister 6 and then discharged from the reactor through the exhaust gas outlet 5.
  • the spray pipe 13 is located at the top of the reactor through the non-blocking nozzle to uniformly spray the spray liquid lifted from the spray liquid storage tank 3 through the spray pump on the packing layer, which is the physical chemistry occurring in the packing layer.
  • the packing layer is supported by the packing support plate 9, the bottom of the reactor is the spray liquid storage tank 3, and the instrument panel 4 is installed to monitor and control the instruments required for the reactor to realize the reaction.
  • the intelligence of the operation of the device As the reactor running time increases, the spray liquid will be lost. After a certain loss value, the spray liquid can be replenished through the water supply port 10.
  • the storage tank can be emptied and the equipment can be overhauled.
  • the intelligent monitoring system can automatically open the flushing pipe 8 to flush the packing layer 2 of the reactor without stopping the machine to maintain the normal operation of the device.
  • the sampling port 11 is set for manual sampling to monitor the health of the equipment.
  • the biological trickling filter for biological treatment of exhaust gas treats the operation of the exhaust gas.
  • the waste water treatment of a sewage treatment plant affiliated to a pharmaceutical factory has been continuously operated for 180 days.
  • the treatment gas volume is 4000m 3 /h, 8000 m 3 /h, 12000 m 3 /h, the treatment gas volume is 4000m 3 /h for a single module, 8000 m 3 /h for two modules in parallel, 12000 m 3 /h for three Parallel modules.
  • the dimensions of the treatment capacity of 4000m 3 /h are 8000x2500x4000 (long ⁇ ⁇ high unit: mm), wherein the volume of the packing layer is 30m 3 and the volume of the spray tank is 25m 3 .
  • High-density polyethylene modified Raschig ring packing which is easy to biofilm, has a density of 940kg/m 3 , a diameter of 20-40mm, a height of 20-40mm, and the filling method of the packing is uniform and random.
  • the biological trickling filter for biological treatment of exhaust gas treats the operation of the exhaust gas.
  • the treatment gas volume is 4000m 3 /h, 8000 m 3 /h, the treatment gas volume is 4000m 3 /h for a single module, and 8000 m 3 /h for two modules in parallel.
  • the processing capacity of the equipment with a volume of 4000m 3 /h is 8000x2500x4000 (long ⁇ wide ⁇ high unit: mm), wherein the packing layer volume is 30m 3 and the spray liquid storage tank volume is 30m 3 .
  • Filler It is made of high-density polyethylene modified Raschig ring packing and polyurethane foam.
  • the diameter of the Raschig ring packing is 20-40mm, the height is 20-40mm, the diameter of the polyurethane foam block is 50mm, and the filling method is uniform and random.
  • the biological trickling filter for biological treatment of exhaust gas treats the operation of the exhaust gas.
  • Waste gas treatment in a food processing plant the equipment has been running continuously for 371 days
  • the Reactor 2 sets, using PP plate to make the shell.
  • the treatment volume is 8000 m 3 /h, and 8000 m 3 /h is a module.
  • the dimensions of the device are 12000x2500x4000 (length X width X height unit: mm), where the packing layer volume is 40m 3 and the spray liquid reservoir volume is 35m 3 .
  • the packing adopts multi-faceted hollow spheres.
  • the hollow spheres have a diameter of 55mm, a density of 860kg/m 3 , a filling height of 2500mm, and the filling method is uniform and random.

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Description

一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床及其处理方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种废气的处理设备及处理方法， 更具体的说是一种采用错流式结构 的用于废气处理的生物滴滤床及其处理废气的方法。
背景技术
在工业生产、环境修复、农牧业生产等过程中，都有废气产生（Delhomenie M C, Heitz M. Biofiltration of air: A review[J]. Crit Rev Biotechnol. 2005, 25(1 -2): 53-72. ), 随着工业发展和人口增加， 其排放量日益增加、 排放区域日益扩大， 对于环境质量产 生了愈来愈明显的影响。 许多物质具有异味而且嗅阈值很低， 随大气扩散后影响区域 很大，对于人口密集的城市环境造成损害，引起人们的广泛关注（Cox H H, Deshusses M A. Biological waste air treatment in biotrickling filters[J]. Curr Opin Biotech. 1998, 9(3): 256-262· )。
生物法废气净化技术由于运行条件温和， 投资运行费用低廉， 无二次污染等优 点， 是废气净化技术发展的一个重要方向 （Kong Z, Farhana L, Fulthorpe R R, et al. Treatment of volatile organic compounds in a biotrickling filter under thermophilic conditions[J]. Environ Sci Technol. 2001 , 35(21 ): 4347-4352. )。生物滴滤床一般定义 为部分或全部采用惰性填料、进行微生物人工接种并采用连续或间歇的强化喷淋用于 处理空气中恶臭污染物的生物反应器， 具有适用范围广、 处理负荷高、 使用寿命长等 优点，被认为是新一代有潜力的用于废气处理的生物反应器（Gonza Lez-Sa Nchez A, Revah S, Deshusses M A. Alkaline Biofiltration of H2S Odors[J]. Environ Sci Technol. 2008, 42(19): 7398-7404 )。
生物滴滤床的反应器构型对于反应器的适用范围和运行表现有重要影响， 是反 应器设计的首先考虑的因素， 目前得到研究和应用的生物滴滤床， 在结构大多采用单 一的气液接触方式，具体的说有顺流或者逆流式（Cox H H, Sexton T, Shareefdeen Z M, et al. Thermophilic biotrickling filtration of ethanol vapors[J]. Environ Sci Technol. 2001 , 35(12): 2612-2619； Seignez C, Adler N, Thoeni C, et al. Steady-state and transient-state performance of a biotrickling filter treating chlorobenzene-containing waste gas[J]. Appl Microbiol Biot. 2004, 65(1 ): 33-37. )， 少量实验室研究采用了转鼓 式禾口横流式 (Jiang X, Yan R, Tay J. Transient-state biodegradation behavior of a horizontal biotrickling filter in co-treating gaseous h2s and nh3[J]. Appl Microbiol Biot. 2009, 81 (5): 969-975； Yang C P, Chen H, Zeng G M, et al. Modeling variations of medium porosity in rotating drum biofilter[J]. Chemosphere. 2009, 74(2): 245-249)。在实际废气处理现场，生物滴滤床所要处理的污染气体，其成分相当复杂， 尤其是在制药厂等重污染场合， 其气体的组分有几十种之多， 而且这些污染物之间浓 度差异很大、污染物性质迥异（有水溶性好的， 也有水溶性差的。有易于生物降解的， 也有难于生物降解的。 有嗅阈值高的， 也有嗅阈值低的）。 用上述单一的气液接触方 式的床型， 对于多组分、 高浓度差、 各组分物理化学性质差异大的废气很难取得较好 的处理效果。
专利 CN 1772352公开了一种不同规格填料装填的生物滴滤床， 但采用的是逆 流式操作方式； 专利 CN1772351公开了一种去除氮氧化物的生物滴滤床， 采用的是 转鼓式结构， 用于氮氧化物污染物的去除； 专利 CN 1752034公开了一种去除污水厂 和化工厂恶臭气体的生物滴滤床， 但采用的是逆流式反应器结构。
发明内容
1、 发明要解决的技术问题
针对现有技术中生物滴滤床对于多组分、 高浓度差、 各组分物理化学性质差异 大的废气很难取得较好的处理效果， 本发明提供一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床及其 处理方法， 采用错流式的填料床结构， 对于成分复杂、 各组分性质迥异的污染气体能 在单一的反应器中高效同时去除。
2、 技术方案
本发明通过以下技术方案实现：
一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床， 包括废气入口、 填料层、 喷淋管、 喷淋液储槽 和废气出口， 通过进气口后废气通过第 1个填料层， 并在填料层底部改变流向通过第 2个填料层， 废气在第 1个填料层和第 2个填料层中的流向相反， 成为错流式结构， 两个不同的废气流向组成一个错流式单元， 由两个或两个以上的错流式单元构成生物 滴滤床。 生物滴滤床采用矩形构造或圆形构造， 内部分为多个间隔， 间隔数量根据废气的 成分、 流量和温度等参数决定， 一般大于 2个， 每个间隔内填料装填高度根据设备安 装现场情况和废气组分确定， 一般大于 1 .5m。 以上构造可做成单独模块， 可以使用 单一模块也可以多模块组合， 填料层通过隔板的设置使进入生物滴滤床的废气与填料 的接触方式为错流式流程。
填料层上部布设有喷淋装置， 喷淋头采用无堵塞喷头， 材质为陶瓷、 不锈钢、 石墨等耐腐蚀材质， 喷头在整个反应器截面根据每个喷头有效工作面积均布， 填料层 内根据需要可以敷设多层喷淋管， 在反应器因为代谢产物和剩余生物量积累而导致压 降上升时可以对反应器进行洗脱操作。 填料层下部、 反应器底部有喷淋液储槽， 储槽可以跟反应器合并成一台设备也 可以分离成单独的部件。
填料及其装填方式： 可以采用多种填料， 包括颗粒活性炭、 聚乙烯环状或球状、 聚氨酯泡沫、 陶粒等， 但一般采用惰性填料， 填料在反应器内不会被微生物降解， 具 有一定的耐腐蚀性能， 填料尺寸根据废气组分和流量确定。 在特定的场合， 也可以采 用上述填料两种或多种混合以后进行装填， 以改善传质效果， 也可以采用不同尺寸规 格的填料分层装填， 一般在反应器的废气入口装填尺寸较大的填料， 废气出口采用尺 寸较小的填料。 喷淋气液比为 100〜600， 当废气中主要污染物为亲水性时选用上限， 主要污染物为疏水性时采用上限。
一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床处理废气的方法， 其步骤如下：
( 1 ) 废气从废气入口进入生物滴滤床内；
( 2 ) 通过错流式的填料床层得到净化；
( 3 ) 得到净化的废气经过除雾器排出生物滴滤床；
( 4) 生物滴滤床顶部的喷淋头， 对填料层进行喷淋；
( 5 ) 填料层内部的冲洗管对填料层进行冲洗。
3、 有益效果 本发明提供了一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床及其处理方法， 采用本发明公开的 生物滴滤床能有效解决同时处理多种性质迥异污染物的难题， 具体效果如下： ( 1 ) 适应多种废气
可以处理化工、 医药、 城市污水厂、 食品加工等多种行业的废气， 对于硫化氢、 氨、 苯、 甲苯、 乙苯、 氯苯、 乙酸乙酯、 丙酮、 乙醇等性质各异的污染物均有良好的 处理效果， 工业应用中去除率均稳定达到 95%以上，可以稳定达到或优于国家排放标 准。
(2) 免反冲
通过床层内喷淋， 本发明的生物滴滤床可以方便的去除填料层内积累的代谢产物 和剩余生物量， 填料层不需要进行反冲， 极大的节约运行费用。
(3) 填料挂膜的程序化培养
开发了填料挂膜的程序化培养方法， 彻底改变了生物滴滤床需要现场接种挂膜的 反应器启动方式， 本发明的生物滴滤床不需要进行设备的现场启动， 在设备加工同时 就完成了填料的挂膜， 设备安装到现场后不需要启动过程， 直接可以投入运行， 提高 了设备运行的可靠性， 节约了工期和投资成本。
(4) 设备的模块化、 智能化
基于成本优先、 组合方便、 维护简单的原则， 开发了针对不同污染气体、 不同气 量的模块系列， 在实际工程应用时， 直接从模块库中调出相应模块进行组装即可投入 设计加工成型设备； 采用高度智能化具有自学习功能的控制系统， 该系统对于设备的 启停、 运行监控、 数据收集、 通讯做了全面的考虑， 采用该智能系统， 该设备完全实 现了无人值守的功能， 大大提高了设备的可靠性、 易用性。
附图说明
图 1 是本发明的结构示意图， 其中： 1、 废气入口； 2、 填料层； 3、 喷淋液储槽； 4、 仪表板； 5、 废气出口； 6、 除雾器； 7、 检修人孔； 8、 冲洗管； 9、 填料承托板； 10、 补水口； 11、 取样口； 12、 放空口； 13、 喷淋管
具体实施方式
下面结合附图进一步说明本发明
实施例 1
用于废气生物处理的生物滴滤床具体结构见附图 1， 反应器采用钢筋混凝土、玻 璃钢、 碳钢、 不锈钢或者其他强度和耐腐蚀性能适合的材质。 废气从废气入口 1 进入生物滴滤床， 进气口可以位于生物滴滤床的顶部也可以 位于底部或中部， 通过进气口后废气通过第 1级填料层 2， 并在填料层底部改变流向 通过第 2级填料层 2， 通过在第 1级和第 2级填料层之间设置隔板， 废气在第 1级填 料层和第 2级填料层中的流向相反 （具体见附图所示）， 成为错流式 （折返流） 结构， 两个不同的废气流向组成一个错流式单元， 附图 1中由两个错流式单元构成一个反应 器模块， 本发明的生物滴滤床可以由多个这样的反应器模块串联、 并联或者合并构成 更大的反应器， 通过填料层的废气最终通过除雾器 6后再由废气出口 5排出反应器。 在反应器中， 喷淋管 13位于反应器顶部通过无堵塞喷头将从喷淋液储槽 3中通过喷 淋泵提升的喷淋液均匀喷洒在填料层上， 为填料层中发生的物理化学和生物反应提供 必需的反应条件和营养， 填料层通过填料承托板 9承托起来， 反应器底部是喷淋液储 槽 3， 仪表板 4安装监测和控制反应器所需的仪表以实现反应器运行的智能化。 随着 反应器运行时间的增加， 喷淋液会有损耗， 超过一定损耗值后喷淋液可以通过补水口 10得到补充， 反应器大修时通过放空口 12可以将储槽放空进行设备检修。 当反应器 中积累了过多的代谢产物和剩余生物量时， 智能监控系统可以自动打开冲洗管 8， 在 设备不停机的前提下对反应器的填料层 2进行冲洗，维持设备的正常运转。取样口 11 是为了监测设备运行状况进行手动取样而设置。
实施例 2
用于废气生物处理的生物滴滤床处理废气的运行。
( 1 ) 运行条件
某制药厂附属污水处理厂废气处理， 设备已连续运行 180天
气体组成： 实际废气
反应器： 3台， 采用不锈钢制造壳体。处理气量分别为 4000m3/h， 8000 m3/h， 12000 m3/h， 处理气量 4000m3/h为单一模块， 8000 m3/h为两个模块并联， 12000 m3/h为 三个模块并联。 处理气量 4000m3/h的设备外形尺寸为 8000x2500x4000 (长 χ宽 χ高 单位： mm)， 其中填料层体积 30m3， 喷淋液储槽体积为 25m3。
填料:采用高密度聚乙烯改良型拉西环填料， 该种填料易于生物挂膜， 密度为 940kg/m3， 直径 20-40mm， 高度 20-40mm， 填料的装填方式为均匀乱堆。
(2) 运行效果 序号 污染物 入口浓度 (mg/m3) 出口浓度 (mg/m3) 备注
1 硫化氢 120-5100 <0.05
2 氨 21-150 未检出
3 二氯甲烷 2-45 <0.10
4 正己烷 1-15 <0.01
5 二甲苯 11-790 <20
6 甲苯 20-859 <15
7 乙醇 25-510 未检出
8 丙酮 17-375 未检出
实施例 3
用于废气生物处理的生物滴滤床处理废气的运行。
1、 运行条件
某化工厂车间废气处理， 设备已连续稳定运行 210天
气体组成： 实际废气
反应器： 2台， 采用玻璃钢材质制造。 处理气量分别为 4000m3/h， 8000 m3/h， 处理 气量 4000m3/h为单一模块， 8000 m3/h为两个模块并联。处理气量 4000m3/h的设备 外形尺寸为 8000x2500x4000 (长 χ宽 χ高 单位： mm)， 其中填料层体积 30m3， 喷 淋液储槽体积 30m3。
填料： 采用高密度聚乙烯改良型拉西环填料与聚氨酯泡沫混合装填， 拉西环填料直径 20-40mm， 高度 20-40mm， 聚氨酯泡沫块直径 50mm， 填料装填方式为均匀乱堆。
2、 运行效果
Figure imgf000008_0001
实施例 4
用于废气生物处理的生物滴滤床处理废气的运行。
1、 运行条件
某食品加工厂废气处理， 设备已经连续运行 371天
气体组成： 实际废气
反应器： 2台，采用 PP板制作壳体。处理气量为 8000 m3/h， 8000 m3/h为一个模块。 设备外形尺寸为 12000x2500x4000 (长 X宽 X高 单位： mm )，其中填料层体积 40m3， 喷淋液储槽体积 35m3。
填料：填料采用多面空心球，空心球直径 55mm，密度 860kg/m3，装填高度 2500mm， 装填方式为均匀乱堆。
2、 运行效果
Figure imgf000009_0001

Claims

1. 一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床， 包括废气入口、 填料层、 喷淋管、 喷淋液储槽和 废气出口， 其特征在于通过进气口后废气通过第 1 个填料层， 并在填料层底部改变 流向通过第 2个填料层， 废气在第 1个填料层和第 2个填料层中的流向相反， 成为 错流式结构， 两个不同的废气流向组成一个错流式单元， 由两个或两个以上的错流 式单元构成生物滴滤床。
2. 根据权利要求 1所述的用于废气处理的生物滴滤床， 其特征在于还包括除雾器。
3. 根据权利要求 2所述的用于废气处理的生物滴滤床， 其特征在于喷淋管位于反应器 顶部， 通过无堵塞喷头将从喷淋液储槽中通过喷淋泵提升的喷淋液均匀喷洒在填料 层上。
4. 根据权利要求 1 ~ 3 中任一项所述的用于废气处理的生物滴滤床， 其特征在于还包 括仪表板和智能监控系统。
5. 根据权利要求 1 ~ 3 中任一项所述的用于废气处理的生物滴滤床， 其特征在于喷淋 气液比为 100 - 600。
6. 根据权利要求 1 ~ 3 中任一项所述的用于废气处理的生物滴滤床， 其特征在于填料 层的填料为惰性填料。
7. 一种用于废气处理的生物滴滤床处理废气的方法， 其步骤如下：
( 1 )废气从废气入口进入生物滴滤床内；
( 2 )通过错流式的填料床层得到净化；
( 3 )得到净化的废气经过除雾器排出生物滴滤床；
( 4 ) 生物滴滤床顶部的喷淋头， 对填料层进行喷淋；
( 5 )填料层内部的冲洗管对填料层进行冲洗。
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