WO2011078808A2

WO2011078808A2 - Solenoid generator for generating alternating voltage

Info

Publication number: WO2011078808A2
Application number: PCT/SI2010/000071
Authority: WO
Inventors: Vladimir Markovic
Original assignee: Vladimir Markovic
Priority date: 2009-12-21
Filing date: 2010-12-21
Publication date: 2011-06-30
Also published as: SI23253A; WO2011078808A3

Abstract

The subject of the invention is a solenoid generator for generating alternating voltage that produces almost identical electric voltage at low revolutions as at considerably higher revolutions, in which especially the value of available electric current and frequency change. When driven, the generator of the invention does not need a reducer or multiplicator. It functions by the principle of at least two solenoids preferably provided with several galvanic separated windings (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 ), through the centres whereof are axially embedded (5, 5') shafts (1, 1 ', 1 ") with fastened permanent magnets (2, 3, 2', 3', 2", 3"), which are jointly and in a synchronous manner driven by an eccentric system that connects them with the drive medium.

Description

SOLENOID GENERATOR FOR GENERATING ALTERNATING

VOLTAGE

The subject of the invention is a solenoid generator for generating alternating voltage with centrally inserted magnets. Unlike conventional or known generators said generator does not need a high number of revolutions of a drive means for its operation. Its individual parts resemble in their technical design to pulse generators, to a hammer or spring stroke that were known soon after 1780. They were used in laboratories primarily to obtain high voltage pulses that were generated by an adequate number of solenoid windings that could have one or even several coils with variating number of windings, which helped the scientists like Michael Faraday, Lorentz, Maxwell and others to study the fundamental laws of magnetic and electromagnetic phenomena. Almost a whole century after that solenoid constructions with an inserted ferromagnetic core were not industrially exploited with the purpose of obtaining electric voltage in the solenoid due to various reasons, among which especially low intensity problems and permanence of permanent magnets, which quickly lost their magnetic density when travelling through the created electromagnetic field. Another problem lied in that a generator of this type was not suited to create constant voltage, because a change in direction of magnet movement occurs at both ends of a stroke and simultaneously a change in polarity of induced voltage occurs. After the electric voltage generators of today have been introduced and the stability and permanence of magnets has considerably improved, many inventions and constructions occurred, especially of small generator devices with integrated permanent magnets. Many devices of this type are regularly used nowadays. Yet, in these cases the magnets rotate and the rotation induces electric voltage or current in solenoid coils arranged on the circumference of the generator. Practical cases nowadays known in the exploitation of solenoid coil with an axially movable core are most often used in modern actuator devices, like an anchor for actuating an automobile starter that has been known for decades and numerous cases of solenoids provided with a movable core for a control of valve systems. In opposite direction, i. e. for the production of continuous electric voltage by axial movement of permanent magnets arranged in the centre of a solenoid no serial products are used in practical exploitation. The invention belongs to class H02K1/27 of International Patent Classification.

A technical problem solved by the present invention is derived from a physical fact that voltage induction is detected in a solenoid even if the centrally arranged magnet moves extremely slowly in axial direction. Voltage occurs in solenoid coils, which voltage depends especially on the number of windings. When a magnet is moved in one direction, direct voltage is induced with adequately oriented polarity, whereas when a magnet is moved axially to the opposite direction, the polarity of induced electric voltage switches as well. This practically means that a continuous movement of a magnet forth and back in a solenoid induces alternating current. The frequency of the solenoid depends on the number of changed directions of the magnet. The disclosure will show that at minimum deduction of electric charge the induced voltage will primarily depend on the number of solenoid windings and when the frequency of movement of the magnet forth and back will increase, the available electric current will increase, which will allow an increase in its drain without a significant decrease in electric voltage induced in the very solenoid. The described characteristics significantly differ from the operation characteristics of a classic generator, alternator or one-way dynamo with a permanent magnet, wherein a higher number of interruptions of induction operation or self-induction is obtained at a smaller number of revolutions due to disruption of the created local field. Although this seems very productive for generators and dynamos, it actually dictates a need for a relatively high number of revolutions of movable parts of a device, since it would be otherwise not possible to obtain sufficient voltage or the highest possible yield, or each individual stator should have an unacceptably high number of windings of copper wire, which is even constructionally inacceptable. Transverse magnetic bands simultaneously act on classic generators or dynamos in the sense of increased losses, because magnetic bands require a laminar construction of magnetic cores. However, these cores cannot operate with approximately equal yield in all modes or number of generator revolutions due to magnetic reminiscence problem. Due to the above and due to many known disadvantages of known generators, the fundamental idea of the invention was to provide for an applicable electric generator that, apart from the above-mentioned problems, will not have

5 problems with yielding harmful magnetic gaps between a rotor and stator nor will allow hysteresis loss in generator sheet metal and long magnetic paths through magnetic segments of a stator.

The solenoid generator of the invention does away with the above- mentioned technical problems and solves them in a way that a rotating w drive medium via adequately designed eccentric system continuously and simultaneously axially moves two, three or more shafts, on which permanent magnets are fastened and lie in centres of their solenoid windings. Due to an adequate offset of eccentrics, the generator of the invention will always have magnets within solenoids arranged in various is positions, which will cause in practical use that - provided there are at least three solenoid units - a simultaneous change in direction of movement of magnets forth and back will practically never appear and it will never come to a complete absence of induced voltage. In fact, by a proper calculation of magnetic densities and number of windings of each

2o solenoid (s) a new generator of the invention will open an opportunity of continuous and highly efficient generation of electric voltage even at minimum number of revolutions of drive medium, which will do away with a need for mechanical reducer or multiplicators between a drive medium and a generator shaft. This should allow an efficient exploitation of electric energy even at merely two or even more revolutions per minute of a drive medium and without any increase in losses. It will simultaneously enable operation even at a hundred times higher number of revolutions.

The invention will be explained in more detail by way of embodiments and adequate drawings, which show:

Figure 1 side cross-section of a solenoid with 6 separate coils and a centrally arranged and axially embedded shaft, on which several permanent magnets are arranged,

Figure 2 side cross-section of two solenoids with centrally arranged magnets and mutually connected shafts for a synchronized movement of magnets via eccentric system driven by an automatic immersion turbine of the invention PCT/SI2009/000038 of 17 September 2009 that rotates due to a drive force caused by a slowly flowing water, Figure 3 top view in cross-section onto a system of 3 solenoids, the shafts of which are connected to a central eccentric system of simultaneous drive at mutual offset of solenoid units by 120°,

Figure 4 top view in cross-section onto a system of 3 solenoids with the eccentric rotated by 33% of the entire circumference,

Figure 5 top view in cross-section onto a system of solenoids with the eccentric rotated by 66% of the entire circumference, I2010/000071

Figure 6 diagrams of electric connections showing voltage generated by use of three solenoids mutually offset by 33% or 66% and their connection via system of diodes into a common pulse direct voltage, with which an inverter is supplied via direct voltage equalizing unit, said inverter allowing exploitation of alternating voltage with adequate frequency,

Figure 7 side cross-section of a windmill with an arrangement of two or three solenoids, the shafts of which are connected with magnets to an eccentrically linked drive part as shown in Figure 2, the centre of which is driven by a windmill turbine,

Figure 8 side cross-section of a windmill with an arrangement of two or three solenoids, wherein said solenoids are arranged within a common housing and connected to a main shaft with formed eccentrics resembling the main shaft of a three- stroke automobile engine and adequate angular offset,

Figure 9 magnified cut-out of Figure 8/11 showing the details of connection and drive of magnets in solenoids,

Figure 10 side view of the cross-section of the device of the invention consisting of two solenoid generators offset in height, of which each is shown in Figure 2, said generators being arranged into a carrier system of a preferably water-tight housing and being driven via main central shaft by an optionally known axially operating water turbine arranged within a tube system embedded into a dam of a power plant, Figure 11 side view onto a magnified detail of a system of solenoid generators shown in Figure 10.

A solenoid generator of the invention comprises in all embodiments a solenoid housing 4, in which a coil of an adequate number of windings of high quality insulated copper wire is arranged along its entire length or several galvanically separated windings 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 are arranged. Although all embodiments only show six separate windings 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 , the described solenoid housing 4 may receive also a higher preferably even number of separate windings, which must be electrically separated from each other. When the device of the invention operates, the windings 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 arranged within the housing 4 can be electrically connected into series or parallel connection and a possibility of different connections should also be possible: two windings in parallel and thereafter into a joint series connection or the first three in parallel or in series and with identically connected next three into a joint connection. A possibility of various connections of several separated coils offers a possibility of obtaining various output voltages, wherein even a parallel connection of each second or third coil is possible, which results in equalisation of induced voltage in spaced coils, as during axial movement of magnets 2, 3 and on their current position also the local voltage is dependent, said voltage being induced in spaced coils. Moreover, direction 2010/000071

8

of winding of individual windings of a copper wire may also be changed, wherein the windings wound in the same direction need to be connected into a common branch and directed via separated diodes into generation of pulsing direct voltage, which will in this case have by twice or three- times higher common frequency. Similarly, if a magnet or magnets 2, 3 are rotated transversally by 180°, a change in direction of electric voltage generated in solenoid coils will appear. At opposite sides of the housing 4 there are arranged axial bearings 5, 5' which are preferably arranged as axial non-metallic bearings. At least one, preferably two, three or even more permanent magnets 2, 3 of a circular or cylindrical shape with a fastening hole in the centre are arranged on the main shaft 1 , said shaft 1 protruding through said hole. The number of magnets 2, 3 depends on the number of individual solenoid windings 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and on electric/technological requirements for exploitation of adequate voltage. An adequate electronic switch can be arranged within the housing 4, said switch automatically switching segments 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 of solenoid windings into completely parallel connection or in a combination of two windings in parallel, three windings in parallel or each winding separately into a joint parallel connection. Such electronic switch-over would be used in case of reduction in the number of revolutions and power of the drive medium in order to adapt the obtained voltage, which will allow a higher level of adaptation of the number of revolutions of the drive medium to the obtained voltage. Each solenoid unit shown in Figure 1 can be produced in completely immersion and water-tight variant, wherein sliding bearings 5, 5' must also be integrated into adequate cleaning and sealing sliding rings. An opening for a free air flow must be arranged at the shaft 1 of magnets 2, 3, which are arranged upstream and downstream of the magnet(s). An adequate fastening system for an embedded connection to a drive eccentric 16 must be provided on at least one side of the central shaft 1 carrying the magnets 2, 3. Figure 21 shows a cross-section of the functioning system generator of the invention in which only one of two solenoid housings 4, 4' as shown in Figure 1 are used. However, an embodiment of preferably three or even more equal solenoid housings 4, 4', 4" as shown in Figure 3/11 and connected with a common system of the eccentric 16 is possible. The plate of the eccentric 16 has a centrally arranged ball bearing 29, through which a shaft 14 protrudes. The shaft 14 is eccentrically arranged with respect to a point of rotation 15, 15', acted upon by a drive medium causing it to rotate. The drive medium can be optionally selected, preferably one that has an extremely low number of drive revolutions. In the depicted embodiment everything together is arranged on a concrete plate 12 to be arranged onto the bottom of a water stream. A drive medium in this embodiment is a system of drive blades 17, 17' arranged within a shaft 15, 15', wherein their shafts 19, 19' are mutually connected in the central housing 18 and have an unchanged mutual angular offset by approx. 60°. Rotation of the shaft 19, 19' is mechanically limited between a horizontal position and rotation to mostly 60° upwards. The disclosed system of drive blades in practical application has preferably three pairs of identical drive blades 17, 17', which are mutually offset by 120°, wherein a slowly flowing water stream originating from direction of the figure viewer drives an elevated blade 17 to rotate more than 90° in relation to the shown position. Then a water stream pushes it to horizontal position, automatically lifts the opposite lying blade and exercises drive on the lifted blade 17'. A shaft 14 is stiffly yet eccentrically arranged on the housing 18. While rotating, said shaft 14 moves the carrier system of the eccentric 16 and simultaneously performs axial movements of the shafts 1 , 1 ' via carrier system. The shafts 1 , 1 ' carry magnets 2, 3 and 2', 3' in the interior of solenoid housings 4 and 4'. Apart from water-tightness of solenoids a construction of only water-tight windings and electric connections of solenoids is suited for the construction of the device of the invention shown in Figure 2/11. Within the centre of each solenoid a water flow may be provided that will flow past magnet shafts from the field upstream the magnets to the field downstream the magnets and vice versa. The design of a drive part of the generator of the invention as shown in Figure 2 is disclosed in more detail in the national application P 200800218 of 18 September 2008 and in PCT application No. PCT/SI2009/00038 of 17 September 2009. One, two or all three solenoid housings 4, 4' and 4", which are shown in figure 3/11 , must be connected as described to a concrete plate 12 via embedded shafts 13, 13', 13" fastened on shafts 1 ', 1 ", 1 "' provided with water-tight bearings. As 10 000071

11

the solenoids swing during operation, it is most suitable if electric connections of solenoid housings are arranged through the centres of shafts 13, 13', 13".

Figure 3 shows a top view of the generator of the invention that is partially shown in Figure 2/11 but is provided with three solenoid units: A - in the housing 4, B - in the housing 4' and C - in the housing 4". Three solenoid units are fixed to the plate of the eccentric 16 as shown in Figure 1 , wherein each of them, A, B, C is offset by 120° from the remaining two, which means that their offset on the circumference can be marked also as approximately 0%, 33% and 66%. Solenoid housings 4, 4', 4" connected in the disclosed way with embedded magnets 2, 3, 2", 3"', 2"", 3'"" have the fastening points of their shafts 1 , 1 ', 1 " centrically and bearingly arranged on the plate of the eccentric 16, said plate being bearingly 29 arranged on an eccentrically arranged shaft 14. As the main shaft 15 rotates, the magnets 2, 3, 2', 3', 2", 3" in solenoid housings 4, 4', 4" move accordingly via shafts 1 , 1 ', 1 ", said magnets inducing electric voltage during movement within the windings inside solenoid housings 4, 4', 4". As the shaft 15 is rotated and the plate of the eccentric is rotated simultaneously by 120° or 33% of the entire circle, entire housings 4, 4', 4" of all three solenoids on the shafts 13, 13', 13" will get an adequate local angular rotation. Figure 4 shows the case of rotation of the central shaft 15 anticlockwise. Further rotations of the main shaft 15 by further 33% of the entire circumference will cause the position of individual housings of solenoids 4, 4', 4" and therein moving magnets 2, 3, 2',3', 2", 3" to assume a position and offsets shown in Figure 5.

A further rotation of the shaft 15 by further 120° will cause the position of movement of housings of solenoids and magnets on their shafts 1 , 1 ', 1 " as shown in Figure 5 and they will reach starting positions as shown in Figure 3.

Figures 3, 4 and 5 show a typical mechanical connection for the generator of the invention that basically generates alternating voltage, the height of which depends on the number of windings in solenoids 6-1 1 , 6'- 11 ', 6"-11 " and the frequency depends on the number of revolutions of the drive medium.

Figure 6 shows an electric wiring diagram with a presentation of adequate induced voltage of three solenoid housings A, B, C or 4, 4', 4", which are also shown in Figures 3, 4, 5. Due to mutual offset by 120° or in relation to the housing 4 by 33% and 66% in housings 4', 4" the windings of individual solenoids are connected via their own system of diodes into generating direct pulse voltage and via common connection connected to a unit 20 of equalizing pulsed direct voltage and in continuation to an adequate inverter 21 that allows exploitation of alternating voltage with an adequate or needed frequency. A synchronisation unit may be built into the inverter intended for connection of obtained alternating voltage to the nearest public electric network.

Figure 7 shows a side cross-section of a turbine with arranged generator of the invention, which is shown in detail in Figure 2, only that it is vertically arranged in this embodiment. Number 22 denotes the point of rotation of the windmill in horizon and number 23 denotes an optionally known design of drive blades of the windmill.

Figure 8 shows a side cross-section of a windmill with an arranged system of three solenoid housings with embedded permanent magnets, which are connected in a known way via bearings via their shafts 1 , 1 ', 1 " to a system of eccentrically arranged shafts 14, 14', 14" that are adapted to construction and connected with the main drive shaft 15 in a way similar to that of the main shaft of a three-stroke automobile engine. Number 24 on the figure shows a cut-out of the generator of the invention shown in Figure 9.

Figure 9 is a more detailed presentation of a generator part of the device of the invention, which can have four or even five solenoid housings instead of three. Said solenoid housings are mechanically driven by a source of energy or drive medium, connected to the main shaft 15 via eccentric system with constituent parts technically resembling the main shaft of an automobile engine, wherein connecting rods on one side are embedded to the eccentric and on the other side - instead on a piston of an automobile engine - fastened via bearings to the main shafts 1 , 1 ', 1 " of the device of the invention, on which permanent magnets 2, 3, 2', 3' and 2", 3" are arranged.

Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the device of the invention suitable for being integrated into small and medium-size power plants arranged in a classic water dam. One of classic axially functioning turbines 26 is arranged on the bottom of an adequately high pipe installation 28. The turbine 26 is driven by water falling through a pipe 28. Under the turbine 26 there is a housing 27 of the device of the invention, which is substantially similar to the device shown in Figure 2, only that the embodiment is changed in a way that identical devices of the invention as shown in Figure 2 are arranged in the housing 27 one above the other and via shaft 15 rotated by the turbine 28 and via eccentrically arranged shafts 14, 14' rotation torque is transferred to eccentrically arranged plates 16, 16', on which shafts 1 , 1 ', 1 ", 1 '" are fastened and upon rotation of the shafts 15, 15', 15" drives a multi-stage embodiment of the generator of the invention. Each generator unit in each stage can have two solenoid housings, three solenoid housings or even more solenoid housings 4 with integrated coils and magnets on shafts being fastened on plates of eccentrics of each individual stage. The embodiment shown in Figures 10 and 1 1 can be implemented in two stages as shown in Figures 10 and 11 or a multitude of similar stages can be added above it, wherein all of them together form the embodiment of a somewhat larger and more powerful solenoid generator of the invention. Number 25 in Figure 10 shows a cutout of the device of the invention, which is magnified in Figure 1 .

Claims

CLAIM

1 . Solenoid generator for generating alternating electric voltage

characterized in that

in several solenoid housings (4, 4', 4") there are arranged one or several galvanically separated solenoid windings (5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 1 1 ), through longitudinal centres of which axially embedded (5, 5') shafts (1 , 1 ', 1 ") are arranged with fastening permanent magnets (2, 3, 2', 3', 2", 3"), wherein a driving torque of an optional driving medium via drive shaft (15, 15', 15") continuously rotates a system of eccentrically arranged shafts (14, 14', 14"), onto which carriers or eccentric (16, 16', 16") plates are arranged with bearings (29), said eccentrics exercising mutually synchronized axial movements of the shaft (1 , 1 ', 1 ") and consequently a continuous induction of alternating electric voltage.