RU2418353C2 - Magneto-electric machine with special exciter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electricity.

SUBSTANCE: proposed design of magneto-electric machine with special exciter includes both elements of generator, and elements of motor, which participate at one and the same time during its operation process and interact with each other. Proposed magneto-electric machine with special exciter consists of fixed stator, main movable inductor, movable armature and fixed inductor of special exciter. Movable parts of machine rotate on one axis at equal speed. Armature windings of special exciter are electrically connected to windings of salient electromagnetic poles of the main inductor. Windings of generator poles of stator are connected to windings of its motor poles. Thus, proposed machine operates due to interaction of magnetic fields of the main inductor and stator. At that, mutual conversion of mechanical energy to electric, electric to magnetic, and magnetic to mechanical occurs within the law of their conservation, with its multiplication owing to inner energies of ferromagnetic cores of electromagnetic poles of the main inductor and stator.

EFFECT: composite regulating and starting characteristics requiring special power source with regulated voltage and frequency; and relatively low efficiency.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular to electrical machines. Closest in design, the proposed machine relates to synchronous machines with excitation from permanent magnets. The named machine, along with its known advantages, also has some drawbacks in that it has rather complicated adjusting and starting characteristics that require a special power source with adjustable voltage and frequency. At the same time, it has a relatively low efficiency.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to improve the adjusting, starting its characteristics and a marked increase in efficiency.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the proposed design of a magnetoelectric machine with a special exciter, there are both generator elements and engine elements that simultaneously participate in the process of its operation and positively interact with each other.

The proposed magnetoelectric machine with a special exciter, containing a stator and a main inductor (rotor), separated by an air gap, characterized in that the fixed stator consists of an external hollow cylindrical magnetic core, on the inner wall of which four are alternately mounted, spaced 90 ° apart from each other, generator and motor electromagnetic poles, in the grooves of the first of which are the direct and reverse active wires of the common armature winding, alternately connected to the windings of the second, and its the movable main inductor consists of four distinct electromagnetic poles mounted crosswise on the surface of the central cylindrical magnetic circuit with an axis, one bearing of which is seated in a circular recess in the center of one base of the cylindrical magnetic circuit of a fixed inductor of a special exciter, on the surface of which four rod permanent magnets are placed crosswise, northern the poles of one pair of which are diametrically opposed to each other and the south pole and on the other pair, they are directed towards the external stationary hollow cylindrical magnetic circuit, in the air gap between which are placed alternately groups of direct and reverse active wires, electrically connected to the winding of the electromagnetic poles of the main inductor, the winding of the movable armature of a special exciter, one dielectric disk with a cable channel, along its perimeter which is mounted on the axis of the main inductor (rotor), and the other through the bearing - on a round protrusion in the center of the other base centrally th magnetic circuit of the inductor of a special pathogen.

Longitudinal and transverse sections of the proposed machine are shown in figure 1 and figure 2, and 3, respectively. The following notation is used in the drawings: 1 - winding of the motor pole, 2 - core of the motor pole, 3 - axis of rotation, 4 - central magnetic core of the main inductor, 5 - winding of the electromagnetic pole of the main inductor, 6 - core of the electromagnetic pole, 7 - winding of the generator pole, 8 - cylindrical external magnetic circuit of the stator, 9 - connecting electric wires, 10 - dielectric disk of the armature of a special pathogen, 11 - winding of the armature of a special pathogen, 12, 13, 14 - external magnetic circuit, permanent magnets and circuit neutral cylindrical magnetic core of the inductor of a special pathogen, 15 - core of the generator pole.

In the drawings, all elements of the machine, the direction of the currents, the polarity of the motor and electromagnetic poles are shown at the time of rotation of all its moving parts in a clockwise direction with an angular velocity ω. All windings of the fixed generator and motor poles of the stator are connected one after another in turn and are one piece. At the same time, the beginnings of the active wires of the windings of the generator poles are connected to the windings of the corresponding motor poles, and their ends are connected to the windings of other adjacent motor poles. The movable anchor windings of the special pathogen and the electromagnetic poles of the main inductor are interconnected. In this case, the beginnings of one group of active wires of the armature winding of a special pathogen are connected to the end of the winding of the nearest electromagnetic pole, and their ends - to the beginnings of a neighboring group of active wires of the same armature winding, the ends of which are connected to the beginning of the winding of the next nearest electromagnetic pole, the end of which is connected to the beginning windings of the next electromagnetic pole. Its end is connected to the beginnings of a subsequent group of active wires of the armature winding of a special pathogen, the ends of which are connected to the beginning of the winding of the fourth electromagnetic pole of the main inductor. Its end is connected to the beginning of the winding of the first electromagnetic pole.

Magnetoelectric machine with a special exciter in the generator mode operates as follows. When the entire rotor of the machine (the main inductor and the armature of the special exciter) rotates clockwise from the external motor, EMF is induced in the active parts of the armature winding of the armature 11 of the special exciter, since they all intersect with magnetic lines of force emanating from the north poles and descending to the south poles permanent magnets 13 fixed inductor of a special pathogen in accordance with the phenomenon of electromagnetic induction. These EMFs will cause currents in them, which will flow through the windings of the electromagnetic poles 5 of the main inductor. At the same time, they are magnetized and adopt the corresponding polarities. The latter at this time move relative to the active conductors of the windings of the 7 generator poles of the stator, then, according to the rule of electromagnetic induction, EMFs are induced in them, the values of which depend on the speed of rotation of the entire rotor. Since the active conductors of the windings of the 7 generator poles are connected among themselves in a consistent and sequential manner, all these EMFs are summed in them. Due to the fact that these conductors are connected to the windings of the motor poles 1, the currents due to this resulting emf will flow in the latter. These currents magnetize the cores of the motor poles 2, which at the same time take the corresponding polarities.

The designs of all the fixed and moving windings of the machine are so arranged and arranged that each time the corresponding groups of active wires of the anchor winding 11 of the special exciter and the electromagnetic poles of the main inductor move in the region I and IV of the fourth circles of the machine’s cross-sections (FIGS. 2, 3) , then the ends of the latter will always be northern, and the ends of those electromagnetic poles that move in regions II and III of the quarters of these circles will be southern. Moreover, during the entire period of rotation of the main inductor, those motor poles of the stator that are on the horizontal line will always be north, and those that are on the vertical line will be southern, except for those times when the centers of the moving and fixed poles coincide, and the corresponding polarities of all of them disappear. This occurs four times during one rotation period of the entire rotor, which avoids the possible braking moments of electromagnetic forces, which is achieved primarily by the fact that after every quarter turn of the entire rotor in the active conductors of the armature of the armature of a special exciter, the current directions change to opposite and consequently change accordingly the polarity of the electromagnetic poles of the main inductor four times in one period of their rotation. And the currents of the generator and motor poles of the stator at the same time retain their directions throughout the entire period of rotation of the rotor and change only in amplitude from 0 to the nominal value, which allows maintaining the voltage of one polarity and a certain average value at the terminals of the electrical output of the proposed magnetoelectric machine.

In motor mode, the proposed magnetoelectric machine with a special exciter operates in the following order. When applying to the terminals of its electrical output voltage of the same polarity with a frequency of four times the angular velocity of the rotor, the electromagnetic poles 6 of the main inductor rush to the nearest motor poles 2 of the stator, dragging the entire rotor of the machine, including the movable armature of a special pathogen. Then, as in the generator mode, a special exciter will generate alternating current with a frequency of four times the frequency of rotation of the entire rotor. This allows the electromagnetic poles 6 of the main inductor to change their polarities four times in one revolution of the rotor, which will additionally interact with the motor poles 2 of the stator, where the voltage of the same sign will always pulse to them.

As a result, during the rotation of the main inductor behind its electromagnetic poles with the corresponding polarities there will always be stator motor poles with the same polarities, and in front of them, in the direction of rotation, there will always be poles with polarities opposite to them. In this case, a pair of forces will act on each electromagnetic pole of the main inductor in each quarter. Some will push them from behind, while others will pull them from the front, which can significantly increase the efficiency of the proposed machine. As a result, the entire moving part of the machine will begin to rotate with a nominal angular velocity ω. Moreover, it can be changed by changing the frequency of the supplied voltage to its stator of the same polarity.

Thus, the electromechanical characteristics of the proposed machine will significantly improve and efficiency will increase primarily by synchronizing the positive and negative pulses of the currents of the main inductor and armature, changes and disappearances of the polarities of the electromagnetic poles of the main inductor and the motor poles of the stator. Those. due to their positive interactions during each period of rotation of the entire rotor.

Information sources

1. Bertinov A.I. Special electric cars. - M .: Energy, 1982.

2. Booth D.A. Contactless electric machines. - M.: Higher School, 1990.

3. Ivanov-Smolensky. Electric machines.- M .: Energy, 1980.

4. Kalashnikov S.G. Electricity.- M .: Nauka, 1985.

5. Kopylov I.P. Electric machines.- M.: Energoatomizdat, 1986.

6. Kostenko M.P. Electric cars. 4.2. - L .: Energy, 1973.

7. Osin I.L. et al. Synchronous machines. - M .: Higher school, 1990

8. Parsell E. Electricity and magnetism. - M.: Science, 1983.

9. Tokarev B.F. Electric cars. - M .: Energoatomizdat, 1990.

Claims (1)

A magnetoelectric machine with a special exciter, containing a stator and a main inductor (rotor), separated by an air gap, characterized in that the fixed stator consists of an external hollow cylindrical magnetic circuit, on the inner wall of which are alternately installed four, separated from each other by 90 °, generating and motor electromagnetic poles, in the slots of the first of which are the forward and reverse active wires of the common armature winding, alternately connected to the second windings, and its movable base An explicit inductor consists of four clearly defined electromagnetic poles mounted crosswise on the surface of a central cylindrical magnetic circuit with an axis, one bearing of which is seated in a circular recess in the center of one base of a cylindrical magnetic circuit of a fixed inductor of a special exciter, on the surface of which four rod permanent magnets are installed crosswise, the north poles of one pair of which are diametrically opposed to each other, and the south poles of the other the pairs are directed towards the external stationary hollow cylindrical magnetic circuit, in the air gap between which are placed alternately groups of direct and reverse active wires, electrically connected to the winding of the electromagnetic poles of the main inductor, the windings of the movable armature of a special pathogen, one dielectric disk with a cable channel around its perimeter which is mounted on the axis of the main inductor (rotor), and the other through the bearing, on a round protrusion in the center of the other base of the central magneto inductor wires of a special exciter.

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