Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B14/00—Use of inorganic materials as fillers, e.g. pigments, for mortars, concrete or artificial stone; Treatment of inorganic materials specially adapted to enhance their filling properties in mortars, concrete or artificial stone
  • C04B14/02—Granular materials, e.g. microballoons
  • C04B14/022—Carbon
  • C04B14/026—Carbon of particular shape, e.g. nanotubes
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators or shrinkage compensating agents
  • C04B22/02—Elements
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y30/00—Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
  • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
  • B82Y40/00—Manufacture or treatment of nanostructures
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
  • C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
  • C01B32/158—Carbon nanotubes
  • C01B32/168—After-treatment
  • C01B32/174—Derivatisation; Solubilisation; Dispersion in solvents
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
  • C04B28/02—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements containing hydraulic cements other than calcium sulfates
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
  • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
  • C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
  • C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
  • C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
  • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
  • C01B2202/00—Structure or properties of carbon nanotubes
  • C01B2202/06—Multi-walled nanotubes

Definitions

• the present invention relates to reinforced concrete, and particularly to a concrete reinforced with nanostructured materials.
• the concrete has various classifications, mainly based on its ability to resist stress under compression and the time it takes to acquire this resistance (drying). In this way you can have normal and high strength concrete or fast strength concrete. It is important to mention that there is a whole national and international industry that has generated different materials that can be combined with concrete in order to make it acquire new properties. These materials are known as additives, fluidizers, setting retardants, waterproofing agents, air constituers and fibers as reinforcement to the tensions In other words, concrete is a mixture that can accept a large number of external agents (additives) without detriment to its main characteristic (compressive strength) and with a gain in its original properties.
• WO2009 / 099640 discloses a method for producing cement composite materials reinforced with dispersed carbon nanotubes, by applying ultrasonic energy and using a surfactant to form a fluid dispersion of carbon nanotubes and by mixing the dispersion and cement in a way that carbon nanotubes can be well dispersed in the cementitious matrix.
• nanostructures are capable of transferring properties to bulk concrete matrices if they are mixed correctly, homogeneously and with the right proportion and that cement-water + aggregates hydraulic concrete can accept external agents, it is possible to generate a new family of nanostructured cements with improved mechanical properties by adding tiny amounts of nanomaterials (eg 0.1 - 10% by weight).
• nanomaterials eg 0.1 - 10% by weight
• hybrid materials would be the inclusion of doped nanotubes (bamboo type), nano bars of SiOx and nano-plates (or nano flakes of SiOx, AlOx).
• doped tubes applies to a substitution of elements in the arrangement of a non-perfect graffiti network where we present 3 types of doping:
• Type I carbon atom substitutions (with any atom that comes to mind) in a graffiti network without vacancy.
• Type II substitutions of carbon atoms (with any atom that comes to mind) in a graffiti network with vacancy.
• Type I I substitutions of carbon atoms (with hydrogen -H, or carbonyl or carboxylic groups -COH or COOH) with sites with general vacancy.
• the carbon nanotubes that worked best are those doped with N, and their structure is bamboo type and this is not in any of the patents found and they are not properly tubes because of their physical structure.
• the lighter being the element and easier to handle simplifies its manufacture in controlled environments to prefabricate a structure, allowing the industrialization of prefabricated concrete houses.
• ecology is contributed since a ton of cement produced means a ton of C0 2 produced.
• the decorative elements of facades of any type will require smaller thicknesses to withstand the pressures of winds and their usual demands of efforts and therefore means a lower weight for the main structure resulting in a saving in the foundation of the structure.
• an objective of the invention is to provide a reinforced concrete, characterized in that it comprises cement and a dispersion that includes water, a surfactant, multilayer carbon nanotubes that on their outer walls are substituted carbon atoms by atoms of another element and nanotubes of multilayer coal that have chemical groups on its surface.
• another object of the invention is to provide a method for reinforcing concrete, comprising the steps of forming a dispersion of a surfactant, multilayer carbon nanotubes that on their outer walls are substituted carbon atoms by atoms of another element and carbon nanotubes multilayer that have chemical groups on their surface; and mix the dispersion with cement to form a reinforced concrete.
• Figure 1 a are models of carbon nanotubes with different orientations of the hexagons
• Figure 1b is a diagram of a graphene sheet and a single-wall zigzag nanotube
• Figure 2 is a diagram of the process for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes, using chemical vapor deposition assisted by espreo (AACVD), and the packaged growth of nanotubes.
• Figure 3a is the x-ray diffraction pattern of the nanotubes
• Figure 3b is an image showing the crystallinity of the nanotubes
• Figure 3c is a high resolution transmission electron microscopy image of the nanotubes
• Figure 4 is a graph made by electronic scanning for Portland cement
• Figures 5a, 5b and 5c are scanning electron microscopy micrographs illustrating the morphology of gray or Portland cement, as well as particle sizes, ranging from 1 ⁇ to 15 ⁇ ;
• Figure 6 is a scheme representing the concept of adding 2 types of nanotubes to cement to obtain the new nanostructured composite material
• Figure 7a is a micrograph obtained with a scanning electron microscope, where the aligned packing is shown of carbon nanotubes doped with OH functional groups;
• Figure 7b is a micrograph obtained with a scanning electron microscope, showing the aligned packing of nanotubes doped with nitrogen;
• Figure 8a is a schematic of the process of simultaneous ultrasonic dispersion
• Figure 8b is a schematic of the effect caused by the surface active agent to the carbon nanotube packages and the aqueous medium, which translates into a homogeneous dispersion, also compatible for the realization of the concrete mixture;
• Figure 9a is a diagram of the PVC mold used for the manufacture of reinforced concrete specimens
• Figure 9b illustrates a reinforced concrete specimen used for mechanical strength tests
• Figures 10a, 10b and 10c show micrographs of the dispersion with nanotubes found in different percentages, at the bottom of each figure there is an image in greater detail of the same sample; Y
• Figures 1 1 a, 1 1 b, 1 1 c and 1 1 d show the blocks of nanotubes that were dispersed and the nanometric structures catalyzed.
• the agents used to reinforce the concrete are carbon nanostructures known as Nanotubes, which are cylindrical structures, of several concentric layers, arranged by graphene walls or meshes (carbon hexagon net) in the form of a tube (Fig. 1).
• the carbon atoms within these graphene cylinders are strongly linked by covalent bonds. It should be noted that the carbon-carbon bond is one of the most resistant in nature.
• some of the carbon atoms in hexagonal networks can be replaced by other elements or functional groups that make these tubes more reactive and make their interactions with different matrices larger.
• groups or elements that can replace carbon atoms we can mention N, P, O, S, Si, B, Se, etc, or any functional group -OH, -OOH or OH.
• the dimensions of the multilayer carbon nanotubes used in this work have average lengths of 300 ⁇ and diameters of 30-70 nm, and were synthesized with the method of AACVD (Aerosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition), which employs a solution that It contains the source of carbon and the catalyst that is responsible for growth (eg transition metals such as Ni, Fe and Co).
• AACVD Arosol Assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition
• This solution is ultrasonically processed in order to generate an aerosol (Fig. 2) and through a flow of inert gas it is transported through a quartz tube to high temperature reactors where nanotube growth occurs (Fig. 2 ).
• the Portland cement used in this work is constituted by the following oxides according to the list shown below:
• Fig. 4 scanning electron microscopy
• EDX X-ray energy dispersion
• the cement - water mixture dictates its mechanical resistance. It is therefore possible to mix the nanotubes in two different ways: a) disperse them in the cement or b) disperse them in the water and then with the cement. Since the dispersions in the cement are not very feasible due to the consistency of the material when it is made, it is most appropriate to make dispersions of homogeneous nanotubes in the water that can then be added to the cement.
• FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate the aligned packing of carbon nanotubes doped with functional groups and doped with nitrogen respectively.
• FIG. 8b shows the effect caused by the surface active agent to the carbon nanotube packages (left side) and the aqueous medium, which translates into a homogeneous dispersion (right side), which is also compatible for the realization of the concrete mix.
• the experimental design for obtaining nanostructured reinforced concrete using doped or functionalized carbon nanotubes consists of the manufacture of test specimens, with dimensions attached to the ASTM (American Society Testing of Materials) standards. Different samples with different concentrations of doped or functionalized nanotubes were obtained. For example, the following percentages by weight were used in relation to the weight of gray or Portland cement CP30R: 1.0%, 0.1% and 0.01%.
• the mold is obtained from a PVC pipe cut into segments of 10 cm long, in which a transverse cut is made, to facilitate the extraction of the specimen once the concrete has dried and is in a solid state ( Figures 9a and 9b).
• the molds are placed on a wooden plate covered with a plastic film to avoid moisture loss through the base, the nanotube cement mixture is emptied. At the end of the emptying, a plastic cover is placed on top of the mold (also to avoid excessive moisture loss).
• the specimens are removed from the molds, so that the specimens slide down.
• the specimen is taken to a plastic container with water of a slightly larger strap at the height of the specimen, to remain cured for 24 hours.
• a number of 4 specimens per type of mixture is set, thus having 1 control and 3 test samples.
• the difference in the series of mixtures is the type of aqueous solution added to the cement.
• This solution differs according to the type of doped nanotube that it carries, also according to the concentration of the nanostructure that ranges from 0.01% to 1.0% of the weight of the cement. It is very important to mention that during the preparation of aqueous solutions with carbon nanotubes, it was observed that for percentages of 0.01% and 0.1%, the dispersions are obtained very homogeneous, and practically no nanotube conglomerates are observed (Fig. 10a and 10b ), not so for the rest of the concentrations where lump formation is observed.
• the aqueous solution is very saturated: 4 g of carbon nanotubes in 200 ml of water mixture plus 0.3% of surfactant (fig. 10c).
• surfactant fig. 10c
• the phenomenon of extreme viscosity is observed around 5 minutes after starting the dispersion process and therefore the solution becomes increasingly viscous, reducing the effectiveness of cavitation, resulting in some sites with nanotube packages.
• carbon especially for carbon nanotubes doped with nitrogen.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Nanotechnology (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Structural Engineering (AREA)
• Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
• Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Composite Materials (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Civil Engineering (AREA)
• Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
• Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
• Aftertreatments Of Artificial And Natural Stones (AREA)

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• 2009
  • 2009-12-17 MX MX2009013931A patent/MX2009013931A/es active IP Right Grant
• 2010
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  • 2010-12-13 JP JP2012544411A patent/JP6113505B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2010-12-13 ES ES10837926.4T patent/ES2627912T3/es active Active
  • 2010-12-13 EP EP10837926.4A patent/EP2514728B1/en not_active Not-in-force
  • 2010-12-13 WO PCT/MX2010/000153 patent/WO2011074930A1/es not_active Ceased
  • 2010-12-13 IN IN6254DEN2012 patent/IN2012DN06254A/en unknown
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