WO2011069731A1 - Dispositif d'allumage - Google Patents

Dispositif d'allumage Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011069731A1
WO2011069731A1 PCT/EP2010/065814 EP2010065814W WO2011069731A1 WO 2011069731 A1 WO2011069731 A1 WO 2011069731A1 EP 2010065814 W EP2010065814 W EP 2010065814W WO 2011069731 A1 WO2011069731 A1 WO 2011069731A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
laser
exhaust gas
combustion chamber
ignition device
internal combustion
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/065814
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Werner Herden
Juergen Raimann
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch Gmbh filed Critical Robert Bosch Gmbh
Priority to EP10773022A priority Critical patent/EP2510222A1/fr
Priority to US13/513,747 priority patent/US20120304958A1/en
Publication of WO2011069731A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011069731A1/fr

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P5/00—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor
    • F02P5/04—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions
    • F02P5/045—Advancing or retarding ignition; Control therefor automatically, as a function of the working conditions of the engine or vehicle or of the atmospheric conditions combined with electronic control of other engine functions, e.g. fuel injection
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B19/00—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers
    • F02B19/10—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder
    • F02B19/1019—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber
    • F02B19/1023—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s)
    • F02B19/1028—Engines characterised by precombustion chambers with fuel introduced partly into pre-combustion chamber, and partly into cylinder with only one pre-combustion chamber pre-combustion chamber and cylinder being fed with fuel-air mixture(s) pre-combustion chamber and cylinder having both intake ports or valves, e.g. HONDS CVCC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D21/00—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas
    • F02D21/06—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air
    • F02D21/08—Controlling engines characterised by their being supplied with non-airborne oxygen or other non-fuel gas peculiar to engines having other non-fuel gas added to combustion air the other gas being the exhaust gas of engine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P13/00—Sparking plugs structurally combined with other parts of internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
    • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a laser ignition device for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention relates to a method for operating an internal combustion engine, a control and / or regulating device and a computer program according to the preambles of the independent claims.
  • This de-throttling in the intake ducts can also be improved by "diluting" the stoichiometric air-fuel mixture with exhaust gas, which is referred to as exhaust gas recirculation (EGR), thereby increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine
  • EGR exhaust gas recirculation
  • Exhaust gas recirculation has the positive side effect that the Combustion temperature and thus the nitrogen oxide raw emission decreases, which can cause a reduction of the catalyst sizes.
  • Ignition voltage correlates with the density at ignition timing.
  • An increase in the ignition voltage offer means reduced reliability with increased size and increased weight.
  • a large part of the energy stored in the ignition coil is required in order to charge the secondary-side capacitances until spark arrest occurs.
  • the laser ignition device comprises a
  • the laser ignition device has a substantially cylindrical prechamber which has a plurality of overflow channels as a connection between the prechamber and the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine. Through the overflow channels, a generated flame core can escape from the pre-chamber and then enter into the combustion chamber in the form of torches, which ignite the air-fuel mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • the present invention differs from the aforementioned prior art in that a blowing device is provided in the laser ignition device, wherein an outlet opening of the blowing device opens into the prechamber.
  • the laser spark plug and the blowing device are advantageously arranged in a common housing.
  • the injection device is designed as a controllable directional control valve and blows exhaust gas into the prechamber in an opened state.
  • the volume of the prechamber can be reduced relative to the known laser ignition devices and can preferably be between 0.5 cm 3 and 2 cm 3 . This leads to a
  • the invention is further based on the idea of forming a stoichiometric prechamber mixture with residual gas and injected exhaust gas and then igniting it by means of the laser ignition device and to burn. This creates an excess pressure in the pre-chamber relative to the combustion chamber, so that the air-fuel mixture of the combustion chamber is reliably and quickly inflamed by the emerging from the openings of the antechamber torches.
  • the pre-chamber can blow due to the chemically driven amplification of the ignition in the form of flares in the combustion chamber and extremely lean mixtures fast enough and in this capacity is far superior to any conventional ignition system with spark plugs. This leads to a significant fuel economy, but also to a reduction in nitrogen oxide raw emissions.
  • the invention is characterized by a special high-voltage strength and a reduction of the required installation space.
  • An important advantage of the laser ignition is also the fact that the ignition takes place just in front of the openings of a low-residue ignition location, the antechamber, and ensures safe ignition. In addition, a very lean air-fuel mixture can be safely ignited.
  • the at least one opening radially and / or tangentially in a wall of the prechamber and / or in the center of a
  • Combustion chamber facing bottom plate of the antechamber is arranged.
  • Openings are in operation the connection between the prechamber and the combustion chamber and act as overflow holes for the flamed in the antechamber air-fuel mixture, which penetrates in the form of torches in the combustion chamber.
  • the geometric properties of the openings such as the number, location, orientation and cross-section of the aperture's shape (torch length and torch width) and the flame direction of the torch.
  • the number of openings is preferably between three and seven openings, wherein the number of openings and their orientation and the geometric properties of the geometry of the combustion chamber are to be adjusted.
  • an exhaust gas quantity blown into the prechamber via the blowing device is controlled.
  • the control is preferably carried out via a map.
  • the procedure necessary for this is controlled or controlled by a control and / or regulating device of the internal combustion engine.
  • the method is advantageously designed such that, in operation, exhaust gas is blown into the prechamber after a threshold value of an exhaust gas recirculation rate in the combustion chamber has fallen below a threshold value.
  • the injection quantity of exhaust gas into the pre-chamber is determined by the characteristic field, depending on the current operating point of the internal combustion engine.
  • the map essentially represents the
  • the antechamber is flushed defined by the blowing device, so that reduced after ignition of the pressure increase in the antechamber due to the then there slower energy conversion and thus the torch reach is adjusted in the combustion chamber. This prevents the torch reach in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine without exhaust rinsing of the prechamber of the torches emerging from the prechamber from being too extensive, and thus the
  • Length of the torches in dependence on a load according to the invention is controllable.
  • laser ignitions according to the invention with prechambers can be used in almost all car applications.
  • Injection quantity is different.
  • Engine cycle may be provided as in one or all stationary load / load conditions. Also possible is the provision of multiple laser pulses per
  • Engine cycle per combustion chamber in said phases wherein in one or all stationary load state / load conditions only one laser pulses per engine cycle per combustion chamber is provided.
  • the specific adjustments of the insufflations and the laser pulses are made such that an emerging from the antechamber torch length is adapted to the length of the combustion chamber, in particular adjusted.
  • the optimization of an emission, in particular NOx emission and / or particle emission is possible.
  • the optimization of the ignition safety, especially when burning a rich or enriched in comparison to one or all stationary load / load conditions fuel-air mixture, according to the invention is possible in the phases mentioned.
  • enrichment of the fuel-air mixture by an appropriate injection in particular in the above
  • Figure 1 a is a schematic diagram of an internal combustion engine with a laser-based ignition device
  • Figure 1 b is a schematic representation of the ignition device of Figure 1 a;
  • FIG. 2 is a detailed view of an ignition device according to the invention in a vertical section
  • FIG. 3 shows a flowchart of the method.
  • Figures 1 a and 1 b show the known environment of the invention.
  • Internal combustion engine carries in Figure 1 a total of the reference numeral 10. It can be used to drive a motor vehicle, not shown.
  • the internal combustion engine 10 usually comprises a plurality of cylinders, of which only one is designated by the reference numeral 12 in FIG.
  • a combustion chamber 14 of the cylinder 12 is of a
  • Fuel passes into the combustion chamber 14 directly through an injector 18, which is connected to a designated as a rail fuel pressure accumulator 20th
  • an air-fuel mixture may also be formed outside the combustion chamber 14, for example in a suction pipe (not shown).
  • the present in the combustion chamber 14 air-fuel mixture 22 is ignited by means of a laser pulse 24 which is radiated from a laser spark plug 26 comprising a laser ignition device 27 into the combustion chamber 14.
  • the ignition in the combustion chamber 14 can also be prepared in an antechamber (not shown in FIG. 1) upstream of the combustion chamber.
  • the laser spark plug 26 is connected via a
  • Fiber optic device 28 fed with a pumping light, which of a
  • the pumping light source 30 is provided.
  • the pumping light source 30 is of a
  • Control unit 32 which is designed as a control and / or regulating device, controlled, which can also control the injector 18.
  • the pumping light source 30 feeds several
  • Pumplichtario 30 a plurality of individual pump laser light sources 34 which are connected to a pulse power supply 36. Due to the presence of a plurality of individual pump laser light sources 34, the pumping light is distributed as it were "dormant" to the various laser spark plugs 26, so that no optical distributor or the like between the pumping light source 30 and the laser spark plugs 26 are required.
  • the laser spark plug 26 has, for example, a laser-active solid 44 with a passive Q-switching circuit 46, which forms an optical resonator together with a coupling-in mirror 42 and an output mirror 48.
  • Exit window 58 for the laser pulses 24 from the combustion chamber 14 (or,
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed illustration of a device according to the invention
  • Laser ignition 27 in a vertical section The illustrated
  • Laser ignition device 27 includes the laser spark plug 26 with the exit window 58 for the laser pulses 24.
  • the laser ignition device 27 includes a separately arranged injection device 60 for exhaust gas, which is designed as a controllable by the controller 32 directional control valve.
  • An exit port 62 is disposed longitudinally at a free end of the inflator 60.
  • the blowing device 60 has a separate housing 64.
  • the laser spark plug 26 and the injection device 60 are integrated at an acute angle to each other in a common housing 66 which is screwed with a thread 68 in a designated opening of a cylinder head 70 of the internal combustion engine 10.
  • Alternative mounting options such as by a
  • Bayonet catch or a Spannpratze are also possible.
  • the ignition ZP of the laser spark plug 26 is located in a cylindrical insert, which serves as an antechamber 72 for the laser ignition device 27.
  • the pre-chamber 72 is installed in the housing 68 or integrated in the housing 68.
  • the outlet opening 62 of the laser spark plug 26 is located in a cylindrical insert, which serves as an antechamber 72 for the laser ignition device 27.
  • Einblasvortechnisch 60 also opens into the antechamber 72.
  • the prechamber 72 in addition to the laser spark plug 26 and the blowing device 60 is an integral part of the laser ignition 27.
  • the pre-chamber 72 includes a cylindrical side portion 74, the in
  • Figure 2 is closed at the bottom of a bottom plate 76, wherein the
  • the openings 78 may be radial and / or tangential to walls 74 and 76 of the antechamber 72 and / or centrally in the Floor plate 76 may be arranged.
  • the openings 78 may be aligned obliquely or perpendicular to the side region 74 or to the bottom plate 76.
  • Figure 3 shows a flowchart of the process of the method, wherein the basic method for igniting an air-fuel mixture in a
  • Combustion chamber via a laser ignition device with prechamber is assumed to be known.
  • an exhaust gas recirculation rate in the combustion chamber 14 is determined and compared with a stored in the control unit 32 threshold.
  • step 1 If the exhaust gas recirculation rate is below the threshold value, in step 1 10, the injection quantity of exhaust gas into the antechamber 72 becomes dependent on a current one
  • the map essentially represents the
  • Injection quantity of exhaust gas into the antechamber 72 As Einblaszeittician the beginning of a compression phase of the internal combustion engine 10 is preferably selected. As a result, the antechamber 72 is flushed in a defined manner via the blowing device 60, so that after ignition the pressure increase in the prechamber 72 is reduced as a result of the then slower energy conversion and thus the torch reach is adapted to the combustion chamber 14.
  • the outlet opening 62 of the injection device 60 is closed in step 120, so that no exhaust gas can flow into the pre-chamber 70. In this case, the optimum torch range can be achieved without exhaust gas flushing.
  • step 1 10 or 120 fuel is also injected into the prechamber 72.
  • a determined by the control unit 32 air-fuel mixture is conveyed into the combustion chamber 14 by known methods, which is ignited in step 130 by igniting the pre-chamber charge through the apertures 78 escaping flared torches 80 in the working cycle of the internal combustion engine 10.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'allumage de laser (27) pour un moteur à combustion interne (10). Le système d'allumage de laser (27) comprend une bougie pour laser (26) avec un corps fixe (44) actif au niveau du laser et une fenêtre de sortie (58) pour une impulsion laser (24), et une préchambre (72). La préchambre (72) est limitée par endroits par la fenêtre de sortie (58) et présente au moins une ouverture (78) vers une chambre de combustion (14) du moteur à combustion interne (10). Un dispositif d'insufflation (60) est prévu, une ouverture de sortie (62) du dispositif d'insufflation (60) débouchant dans la préchambre (72).
PCT/EP2010/065814 2009-12-09 2010-10-20 Dispositif d'allumage WO2011069731A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP10773022A EP2510222A1 (fr) 2009-12-09 2010-10-20 Dispositif d'allumage
US13/513,747 US20120304958A1 (en) 2009-12-09 2010-10-20 Ignition device

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102009047700.4 2009-12-09
DE102009047700 2009-12-09
DE102010041908.7 2010-10-04
DE102010041908A DE102010041908A1 (de) 2009-12-09 2010-10-04 Zündeinrichtung

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011069731A1 true WO2011069731A1 (fr) 2011-06-16

Family

ID=43993013

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2010/065814 WO2011069731A1 (fr) 2009-12-09 2010-10-20 Dispositif d'allumage

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US20120304958A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2510222A1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102010041908A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2011069731A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102011079017A1 (de) * 2011-07-12 2013-01-17 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Betreiben einer Laserzündkerze
GB2501691B (en) * 2012-05-01 2019-02-13 Mcmahon Richard Improved Energy Conversion and Associated Apparatus
CA2958286C (fr) 2014-08-18 2023-05-02 Woodward, Inc. Allumeur de chalumeau
DE102018125080A1 (de) * 2018-10-10 2020-04-16 Rosenberger Hochfrequenztechnik Gmbh & Co. Kg Zündsystem mit einem durch ein HF-Plasma vergrößerten Zündfunken einer Zündkerze mit einer Vorkammer sowie ein zugehöriges Verfahren
US11421601B2 (en) 2019-03-28 2022-08-23 Woodward, Inc. Second stage combustion for igniter

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908618A (en) * 1973-02-26 1975-09-30 Nissan Motor Torch-ignition reciprocating-piston type internal combustion engine
US4434753A (en) * 1981-05-18 1984-03-06 Nippon Soken, Inc. Ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine
EP0192219A2 (fr) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-27 FEV Forschungsgesellschaft für Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren mbH Méthode de fonctionnement d'un moteurs à combustion interne
US5947076A (en) * 1998-04-17 1999-09-07 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel combustion assembly for an internal combustion engine having an encapsulated spark plug for igniting lean gaseous fuel within a precombustion chamber
DE102006018973A1 (de) 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 Kuhnert-Latsch-GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter Herr Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Latsch, 76530 Baden-Baden) Laserzündung in einer Vorkammer
DE102007045180A1 (de) * 2007-09-21 2009-04-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennkraftmaschine mit laserinduzierter Fremdzündung
US20090241896A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Caterpillar Inc. Ignition system utilizing igniter and gas injector

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US4271810A (en) * 1980-01-11 1981-06-09 General Motors Corporation Divided chamber engine with prechamber exhaust recirculation
US4726336A (en) * 1985-12-26 1988-02-23 Eaton Corporation UV irradiation apparatus and method for fuel pretreatment enabling hypergolic combustion
DE102007015036B4 (de) * 2007-03-29 2008-11-20 Multitorch Gmbh Laserzündung für Gasgemische
US7770552B2 (en) * 2007-10-31 2010-08-10 Caterpillar Inc. Laser igniter having integral pre-combustion chamber
AT506200B1 (de) * 2007-12-19 2009-09-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg Vorrichtung zur zündung eines brennstoff/luftgemischs im brennraum einer brennkraftmaschine
AT505766B1 (de) * 2007-12-19 2009-04-15 Ge Jenbacher Gmbh & Co Ohg Vorrichtung zum einkoppeln von laserlicht in einen brennraum einer brennkraftmaschine
DE102010003899A1 (de) * 2010-04-13 2011-10-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Laserzündkerze mit einer Vorkammer
JP5630765B2 (ja) * 2010-09-21 2014-11-26 株式会社日本自動車部品総合研究所 レーザ点火装置

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3908618A (en) * 1973-02-26 1975-09-30 Nissan Motor Torch-ignition reciprocating-piston type internal combustion engine
US4434753A (en) * 1981-05-18 1984-03-06 Nippon Soken, Inc. Ignition apparatus for internal combustion engine
EP0192219A2 (fr) * 1985-02-22 1986-08-27 FEV Forschungsgesellschaft für Energietechnik und Verbrennungsmotoren mbH Méthode de fonctionnement d'un moteurs à combustion interne
US5947076A (en) * 1998-04-17 1999-09-07 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel combustion assembly for an internal combustion engine having an encapsulated spark plug for igniting lean gaseous fuel within a precombustion chamber
DE102006018973A1 (de) 2006-04-25 2007-10-31 Kuhnert-Latsch-GbR (vertretungsberechtigter Gesellschafter Herr Dr.-Ing. Reinhard Latsch, 76530 Baden-Baden) Laserzündung in einer Vorkammer
DE102007045180A1 (de) * 2007-09-21 2009-04-02 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennkraftmaschine mit laserinduzierter Fremdzündung
US20090241896A1 (en) * 2008-03-31 2009-10-01 Caterpillar Inc. Ignition system utilizing igniter and gas injector

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102010041908A1 (de) 2011-06-16
US20120304958A1 (en) 2012-12-06
EP2510222A1 (fr) 2012-10-17

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