WO2011066763A1 - 汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的生产工艺 - Google Patents
汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2011066763A1 WO2011066763A1 PCT/CN2010/077392 CN2010077392W WO2011066763A1 WO 2011066763 A1 WO2011066763 A1 WO 2011066763A1 CN 2010077392 W CN2010077392 W CN 2010077392W WO 2011066763 A1 WO2011066763 A1 WO 2011066763A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- rubber
- vulcanization
- mold
- diaphragm
- canvas
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/18—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. compression moulding around inserts or for coating articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/02—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C43/14—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles in several steps
- B29C43/145—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor of articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles in several steps for making multicoloured articles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C35/00—Heating, cooling or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanising; Apparatus therefor
- B29C35/02—Heating or curing, e.g. crosslinking or vulcanizing during moulding, e.g. in a mould
- B29C35/0288—Controlling heating or curing of polymers during moulding, e.g. by measuring temperatures or properties of the polymer and regulating the process
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C43/00—Compression moulding, i.e. applying external pressure to flow the moulding material; Apparatus therefor
- B29C43/32—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
- B29C43/52—Heating or cooling
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/30—Vehicles, e.g. ships or aircraft, or body parts thereof
- B29L2031/3005—Body finishings
- B29L2031/3041—Trim panels
Definitions
- the invention relates to the field of automobile brake components, in particular to a production process of a rubber diaphragm of a brake chamber of an automobile. Background technique
- the air chamber rubber diaphragm is the core part of the brake components of various medium and heavy-duty vehicles with a load of more than 3 tons, which is related to the safety of driving.
- the gas chamber rubber diaphragm is required to withstand a high pressure of about 0.8 MPa, which guarantees a service life of 1 million times.
- the air chamber rubber diaphragm When the air chamber rubber diaphragm is used, the automobile generates a high pressure of about 0.8 MPa when braking, and the air pressure pushes the rubber diaphragm of the air chamber to push the push rod forward, and finally transmits the driving force to the brake patch in the drum. Reach the purpose of braking.
- the SAE. J1450-2001 standard of the International or American Society of Automotive Engineers has strict requirements for the finished product of the gas chamber rubber diaphragm.
- the quality index of the rubber diaphragm finished product is closely related to the mold structure and its manufacturing process. According to the practice at home and abroad, most of them use a single vulcanization molding process, and a few secondary vulcanization molding processes.
- the applicant's ZL200610040934. No. 3 invention patent and ZL 200620077724. No. 7 utility model patent adopts the secondary vulcanization molding process. .
- the one-time vulcanization molding process can not only solve the problem of centering the canvas (nylon cloth skeleton) that determines the intrinsic quality, but also uses the calendering process to make the rubber sheet, which requires high thickness precision of the semi-finished film and large investment in production equipment. Its product life is low, the pass rate is low, and the process is difficult.
- the secondary vulcanization molding process solves the problem of determining the inner quality of the canvas (nylon fabric skeleton), the following problems still exist:
- the upper and lower adhesive layers of the separator are composed of the same rubber. Therefore, after the first vulcanization molding, the rubber of the lower sheet has been vulcanized sufficiently, so after the second vulcanization molding The sulphur of the underlying rubber material is excessively sulphurized, so that the aging resistance and the flexural resistance of the rubber under the product are reduced, resulting in a decrease in the service life of the separator;
- the object of the present invention is to provide a production process of a rubber diaphragm of an automobile brake chamber, which replaces the conventional film with a rubber block, and according to the amount of glue required to form the upper and lower rubber layers of the diaphragm.
- To control the quality of the rubber blocks used for the secondary vulcanization separately not only greatly reduces the process difficulty of the rubber compound preparation, but also forms the upper and lower rubber layers in the diaphragm by the pressure of the rubber blocks and the expansion after heating.
- the bonding state between the rubber layer and the canvas layer is further improved, and the bonding strength between the rubber layer and the canvas layer is improved.
- the invention relates to a production process of a rubber diaphragm of a brake chamber of an automobile, which is a secondary vulcanization molding process, wherein the rubber used for the two vulcanization is a rubber block, and is placed in the lower mold cavity during the primary vulcanization.
- the rubber block is stretched along the lower surface of the canvas under the first upper mold to form a rubber layer of the rubber diaphragm.
- the rubber block placed in the lower mold cavity is extended along the upper surface of the canvas under the second upper mold.
- the rubberized layer of the rubber diaphragm; the rubber blocks used for the two vulcanization are prepared by a rubber pre-forming machine, and in the preparation process, according to the amount of glue required to form the lower layer of the diaphragm and the rubberized layer, respectively, the first vulcanization and the second
- the quality of the rubber blocks used in the secondary vulcanization is controlled.
- the present invention further provides a production process of a rubber diaphragm of a brake chamber of an automobile, which eliminates the problem of over-vulcanization of the rubber under the diaphragm, improves the automation degree of the production of the product, and reduces the difficulty of the process. , increase production efficiency and reduce production costs. Its technical solutions are as follows:
- the overall vulcanization time is ⁇ 2 ;
- the above-mentioned upper and lower rubber blocks respectively adopt rubber compounds having the same rubber compounding system but different vulcanization speeds, and the sufficient vulcanization time T of the lower rubber compound is equal to the sum of the partial vulcanization time and the overall sufficient vulcanization time ⁇ 2 ,
- the overall sufficient vulcanization time is the sufficient vulcanization time of the upper compound.
- the canvas is a nylon cloth skeleton, and the cloth is cut by a laser.
- the upper and lower rubber blocks are all prepared by a rubber pre-forming machine, and the quality of the rubber block is automatically controlled during the preparation process.
- the mold adopts a multi-mold structure, including a lower, middle and upper three-layer substrate, wherein the lower mold, the pressing ring and the upper mold in the mold are respectively mounted on the lower, middle and upper substrates, and a plurality of sets are arranged on the substrate.
- a mold wherein, the upper mold has a double-sided structure, that is, the first and second upper molds are respectively mounted on both sides of the upper substrate, and the upper substrate is mounted on the hinge through an hinge shaft perpendicular to the feeding direction of the press head of the vulcanizing press.
- the switching of the first and second upper dies is accomplished by the operating mechanism of the press and during operation by the flipping of the substrate about its hinge axis.
- the production process of the invention uses the rubber block as the rubber material, and only needs to control the quality of the rubber block when it is made, and there is no requirement for the shape thereof. Therefore, compared with the conventional preparation of the rubber material into a film, the preparation process of the rubber material is greatly simplified, and the rubber material is greatly simplified. The precision of the control of the amount of rubber used.
- the sizing layer and the sizing layer in the diaphragm are formed by spreading the rubber block along the upper and lower surfaces of the canvas under heat and pressure, and the rubber material is first filled with the canvas as the rubber material extends along the canvas surface. The pores of the surface are then extended to a distance, thereby making the glue layer and the canvas more fully and tightly combined, thereby improving the bonding strength between the rubber layer and the canvas.
- the production process of the invention cuts the canvas fabric by using a laser cutting machine, prepares the rubber block by using the rubber pre-forming machine, and adopts the automatic conversion mold structure of the first and second upper molds, thereby improving the cutting quality of the fabric and Efficiency, reducing the labor intensity of workers and improving production efficiency.
- the upper and lower adhesive layers of the separator are made by using two rubber compounds having the same rubber compounding system but different vulcanization speeds, and the vulcanization time of the lower rubber compound is equal to the sum of the partial vulcanization time in the primary vulcanization and the vulcanization time of the upper rubber compound.
- Figure la is a schematic view of the present invention when a rubber block is used as a rubber for primary vulcanization
- Figure lb is a schematic view of the second breaking process in the process of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional structural view of a mold used in the process of the present invention.
- Figure 3 is a plan view of the mold shown in Figure 2. detailed description
- the production process of the invention adopts the rubber block as the rubber compound.
- the quality of the rubber block is only required to be controlled according to the need, and the shape is not required, so the rubber pre-forming machine can be used to prepare the rubber block, which simplifies The process improves the efficiency and minimizes the influence of human factors, ensuring the accuracy of the preparation.
- the present invention utilizes a laser cutting machine to cut the canvas fabric, replacing the conventional manual cutting, which reduces the labor intensity of the worker, improves the production efficiency, and ensures the uniformity of the cut canvas fabric.
- the invention adopts the mold shown in Figs. 2 and 3 in the vulcanization molding stage, which not only improves the automation degree of the equipment operation, but also greatly reduces the labor intensity of the worker, and uses the complex mold structure to produce a plurality of diaphragms at a time.
- the product greatly improves the production efficiency of the equipment.
- the use of a two-mode upper mold structure creates conditions for the automated operation of the equipment.
- the mold used in the present invention is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3.
- the mold comprises a lower substrate 1, a middle substrate 2 and an upper substrate 3.
- Four sets of molds are arranged on the substrate, wherein the lower mold 11 is fixed on the lower substrate 1, the pressure ring 21 is fixed on the middle substrate 2, and the upper mold is fixed on the substrate.
- the upper substrate 3 is formed by laminating two plates fixed to each other by screws 33.
- the first upper mold 31 and the second upper mold 32 are mounted on the two plates back to back, and the upper substrate 3 is further provided with an hinge shaft 34.
- the lower substrate 1, the middle substrate 2, and the upper substrate 3 are all mounted on an operating mechanism (not shown) of the self-extracting vacuum flat vulcanizing press, wherein the upper substrate 3 is rotatably mounted by its hinge shaft 34.
- the vulcanizing press in this way, during the vulcanization process, the switching operation of the first and second upper dies can be completed by the upper substrate 3 being turned around its hinge axis 34.
- a plurality of guiding structures composed of the guide post 4 and the corresponding guide sleeve are further disposed between the lower substrate 1 and the middle reverse 2 .
- the pressure ring 21 is further provided with a compression spring, by which the pressure ring and the upper substrate 3 can be smoothly separated.
- the above-mentioned upper and lower rubber blocks respectively adopt rubber compounds having the same rubber compounding system but different vulcanization speeds, and the sufficient vulcanization time ⁇ of the lower rubber compound is equal to the sum of the partial vulcanization time and the overall sufficient vulcanization time ⁇ 2 ,
- the overall sufficient vulcanization time is the sufficient vulcanization time of the upper compound.
- the vulcanization system in order to ensure the consistency of the performance of the upper and lower rubber layers after vulcanization, can be adjusted by adjusting the compounding system of the upper and lower layers of the separator.
- the content of the components is such that the upper and lower layers of the separator have different vulcanization rates, so that the two have different vulcanization times under the same vulcanization temperature and pressure conditions.
- Example 1 For example, increasing the content of the vulcanization system component in the upper layer of the separator to be higher than the content of the vulcanization system component in the lower rubber compound allows the upper rubber compound to have a relatively short vulcanization time.
- the canvas cloth and the rubber block were prepared by a laser cutting machine and a rubber pre-forming machine, and the vulcanization molding of the diaphragm was carried out by using an automatic push-type vacuum vulcanizing press and the above-mentioned mold.
- the time of the overall vulcanization is the vulcanization time of the upper rubber compound, the sum of the two vulcanization times is equal to the vulcanization time of the lower rubber compound. Therefore, after the overall vulcanization, the upper and lower rubber layers of the separator reach the optimum vulcanization state, avoiding The problem of over-vulcanization of the undersize layer.
- the performance of the diaphragm products has reached the standard, especially its service life far exceeds the 1 million times of the international standard, and some 1.5 million or even 2 million times. Moreover, until the damage, there was no significant difference in the upper and lower adhesive layers of the diaphragm.
- the gramaging temperature is 160 °C ⁇ 3 °C
- the holding pressure is 16 ⁇ 2 OMpa
- Vulcanization time of rubber material of diaphragm rubber layer T 2 18 0 seconds
- vulcanization time of rubber layer material ⁇ 18 0 seconds
- the temperature of the gram is 1 55 °C ⁇ 3 °C
- the holding pressure is 16 ⁇ 2 OMpa
- each time 3 ⁇ 4 is vacuumed, held, and deflated three times.
- Vulcanization time of rubber material of diaphragm rubber layer ⁇ 2 21 0 seconds
- vulcanization time of rubber layer material ⁇ 21 0 seconds
- the gramification temperature is 148 °C ⁇ 3 °C
- the holding pressure is 16 ⁇ 2 OMpa
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
Description
汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的生产工艺
技术领域
本发明涉及汽车制动部件领域,尤其是一种汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的 生产工艺。 背景技术
气室橡胶隔膜是载重量 3吨以上的各种中、 重型汽车制动部件中的核 心零件, 关系到汽车行驶安全性。 气室橡胶隔膜要求耐 0. 8MPa左右的高 气压, 保证 100万次的使用寿命。 在使用气室橡胶隔膜时, 汽车在制动时 产生 0. 8MPa左右的高气压, 此气压推动气室橡胶隔膜进而向前推动推杆, 最后将推动力传给轮鼓中的刹车贴片而达到刹车的目的。 国际或美国汽车 工程师学会的 SAE. J1450— 2001 标准对气室橡胶隔膜的成品都有严格要 求。
橡胶隔膜成品的质量指标与模具结构及其制作工艺息息相关。根据国 内外惯例, 多数釆用一次硫化成型工艺, 少数釆用二次硫化成型工艺, 本 申请人的 ZL200610040934. 3号发明专利和 ZL 200620077724. 7号实用新 型专利采用的即是二次硫化成型工艺。 一次硫化成型工艺不仅不能解决决 定内在质量的帆布(尼龙布骨架)居中的问题, 而且采用压延工艺制作胶 片, 对半成品胶片厚度尺寸精度要求高, 生产设备投入大。 其产品使用寿 命低, 合格率低, 工艺难度大。 二次硫化成型工艺虽然解决了决定内在质 量帆布 (尼龙布骨架)居中的问题, 仍存在以下几个问题:
1、 由于二次硫化成型工艺中, 隔膜上、 下胶层由相同胶料构成, 因 此, 在第一次硫化成型后, 下片的胶料已经硫化充分, 所以, 在第二次硫 化成型后, 下片的胶料出现过硫, 致使产品下片橡胶耐老化和耐曲挠性能 降低, 从而导致隔膜的使用寿命降低;
2、 胶片制作, 首先采用炼胶机压片, 然后手工裁剪成与待成型橡胶 隔膜大小相配的尺寸,因而对胶片有精确的厚度和形状要求,工艺难度大;
3、 帆布 (尼龙布骨架) 采用烙铁或剪刀裁剪制成, 生产效率低, 而 且在硫化成型铺布过程中很容易将布线头带入模具型腔内, 造成产品报 废;
4、 现有技术中均为单模生产, 生产效率低下;
5、 开模合模、 更换上模靠人工手动搬运操作完成, 劳动强度较大。 发明内容
针对现有技术存在的问题,本发明的目的在于提供一种汽车制动气室 橡胶隔膜的生产工艺,该工艺以胶块替代以往的胶片,并根据形成隔膜上、 下胶层所需胶量来分别控制一、 二次硫化所用胶块的质量, 不仅大大降低 了胶料准备的工艺难度, 而且以胶块受压、 受热后延展铺开来形成隔膜中 上、 下胶层的成型方式, 还进一步改善了胶层与帆布层之间的结合状态, 提高了胶层与帆布层之间的结合强度。
为实现上述目的, 本发明一种汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的生产工艺, 该 工艺为二次硫化成型工艺, 两次硫化所用胶料均为胶块, 一次硫化时, 放 入下模型腔内的胶块在第一上模压制下沿帆布下表面延展形成橡胶隔膜 的下胶层, 二次硫化时, 放入下模型腔内的胶块在第二上模压制下沿帆布 上表面延展形成橡胶隔膜的上胶层; 两次硫化所用的胶块均由胶料预成型 机进行制备, 并在制备过程中, 根据形成隔膜下胶层和上胶层所需胶量分 别对一次硫化和二次硫化时所用胶块的质量进行控制。
在上述工艺基础上,本发明进一步提供了一种汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜 的生产工艺, 该工艺消除了隔膜下片胶料过硫化的问题, 提高了产品生产 的自动化程度, 降低了工艺难度, 提高了生产效率, 降低了生产成本。 其 技术方案如下:
一种汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的生产工艺, 采用已知真空平板硫化压机 及模具进行隔膜的加工, 具体为:
1 ) 按产品规格制备相应的帆布布料及上、 下层所需胶块;
2 ) 将下层胶块放入下模型腔内, 覆盖帆布并利用压环将帆布定位;
3 ) 合上第一上模, 将下层胶块进行压制成型并部分硫化, 部分硫化 的时间为 τι ;
4 ) 打开第一上模, 将上层胶块放入下模型腔中的帆布上, 合上第二 上模, 将上层胶块进行压制成型, 并同时完成隔膜上、 下胶层的 整体充分硫化, 整体充分硫化的时间为 Τ2;
5 ) 打开第二上模, 取出产品, 待出模产品降温冷却后, 修剪后即得
成品;
上述上、 下层胶块分别采用胶料配方体系相同但硫化速度不同的胶 料,并且下层胶料的充分硫化时间 T等于所述部分硫化时间 和所述整体 充分硫化时间 τ2的总和,所述整体充分硫化时间即为上层胶料的充分硫化 时间。
进一步, 所述帆布为尼龙布骨架, 并采用激光进行布料的裁切。 进一步, 所述上、 下层胶块均由胶料预成型机进行制备, 并在制备过 程中自动完成对胶块质量的控制。
进一步, 所述模具采用复模结构, 包括下、 中、 上三层基板, 模具中 的下模、 压环、 上模分别安装在下、 中、 上基板上, 并且, 基板上排布有 若干套模具; 其中, 上模釆用双面结构, 即: 所述第一、 第二上模分别安 装在上层基板的两面,上层基板通过垂直于硫化压机压头进给方向的铰接 轴安装在硫化压机的操作机构上, 并在工作中通过基板绕其铰接轴的翻 转, 完成第一和第二上模的转换。
本发明生产工艺以胶块作为胶料, 制作胶块时只需控制其质量, 对其 形状没有要求, 因而与以往需要将胶料制备成胶片相比, 大大简化了胶料 的准备工艺, 提高了对胶料用量的控制精度。 另外, 隔膜中的上胶层和下 胶层是胶块在受热、 受压状态下沿帆布上、 下表面延展铺开形成的, 而随 着胶料沿帆布表面的延展, 胶料首先充填帆布表面的孔隙, 然后再向远处 延展, 由此使得胶层与帆布结合的更加充分、 紧密, 提高了胶层和帆布的 结合强度。
本发明生产工艺通过采用激光切割机裁切帆布布料,采用胶料预成型 机制备胶块, 并采用自动转换第一、 第二上模的复模模具结构后, 提高了 布料的裁切质量和效率, 降低了工人的劳动强度, 提高了生产效率。 通过 采用两种具有相同胶料配方体系但硫化速度不同的胶料来制做隔膜的上 下胶层, 并使下层胶料的硫化时间等于一次硫化时的部分硫化时间和上层 胶料硫化时间的总和, 有效地解决了生产过程中隔膜下胶层的过硫化问 题, 保证了隔膜上、 下胶层的硫化品质, 消除了隔膜产品使用时下胶层先 于上胶层出现老化而导致隔膜报废的缺陷, 延长了隔膜的使用寿命。 附图说明
图 l a为本发明以胶块作为胶料进行一次硫化时的示意图;
图 lb为本发明工艺中二次破化时的示意图;
图 2为本发明工艺中所用模具部分剖视结构示意图;
图 3为图 2所示模具俯视图。 具体实施方式
在以往的汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜二次硫化成型工艺中,人们均以胶片 作为胶料来制作隔膜中的上、下胶层,为了既保证隔膜中胶层的可靠成型, 又避免浪费胶料, 因而在制作胶片时, 需要对胶片的厚度及形状进行严格 控制, 由此增加了准备胶料的工艺难度。
本发明生产工艺采用胶块作为胶料, 在准备胶块时, 只需根据需要控 制胶块的质量, 而对其形状则没有要求, 因而可利用胶料预成型机来制备 胶块, 既简化了工艺,提高了效率, 又最大限度地减少了人为因素的影响, 保证了备料的精确性。
另外,本发明利用激光切割机来裁切帆布布料,取代以往的手工裁切, 降低了工人的劳动强度, 提高了生产效率, 而且使裁切出的帆布布料的一 致性得到保障。
本发明在硫化成型阶段, 采用附图 2、 3 所示的模具, 不但提高了设 备操作的自动化程度,极大地降低了工人的劳动强度,而且釆用复模结构, 一次即可生产若干个隔膜产品, 大大提高了设备的生产效率。 尤其是采用 双模形式的上模结构后, 为设备的自动化操作创造了条件。
本发明所用模具如图 2、 图 3所示。 该模具包括下基板 1、 中基板 2 和上基板 3 , 基板上排布有四套模具, 其中下模 1 1固定在下基板 1上, 压 环 21 固定在中基板 2上, 上模则固定在上基板 3上。 上基板 3由通过螺 钉 33相互固定的两块板贴合构成, 第一上模 31和第二上模 32背靠背分 别安装在两块板上, 上基板 3上还设置有铰接轴 34。
使用时, 下基板 1、 中基板 2、 上基板 3均安装在自动推出式真空平 板硫化压机的操作机构(图中未示出)上, 其中上基板 3通过其铰接轴 34 可转动安装在硫化压机上, 这样, 在硫化过程中, 可通过上基板 3绕其铰 接轴 34翻转, 即可完成第一和第二上模的切换操作。
为了保证压环 21和下模 1 1精确对中, 下基板 1与中 反 2之间还设 置有若干个由导柱 4及相应导套构成的导向结构。 另外, 为了避免上移上
模时将压环带起, 压环 21 上还设置有压簧, 通过该压簧可保证压环与上 基板 3顺利分离。
参见图 la、 图 lb , 以胶块作为胶料, 利用上述模具以二次硫化成型 工艺来加工汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的工艺过程为:
1 )按产品规格并利用激光切割机制备相应的帆布布料, 利用胶料预 成型机并根据形成隔膜上、 下胶层所需胶量来制备一次硫化时所用的下层 胶块 5' , 和二次硫化时所用的上层胶块 5";
2 )将下层胶块 5'放入下模型腔内,覆盖帆布 6并利用压环 21将帆布 定位;
3 )合上第一上模 31 , 将下层胶块 5'进行压制, 使其延展成隔膜中的 下胶层 7并部分硫化, 部分硫化的时间为 L;
4 )打开第一上模 31 , 将上层胶块 5 "放入下模型腔中的帆布上, 合上 第二上模 32 , 将上层胶块 5"进行压制, 使其延展成隔膜中的上胶层, 并 同时完成隔膜上、 下胶层的整体充分硫化, 整体充分硫化的时间为 T2;
5 )打开第二上模 32, 取出产品, 待出模产品降温冷却后, 修剪后即 得成品;
上述上、 下层胶块分别采用胶料配方体系相同但硫化速度不同的胶 料,并且下层胶料的充分硫化时间 Τ等于所述部分硫化时间 和所述整体 充分硫化时间 Τ2的总和,所述整体充分硫化时间即为上层胶料的充分硫化 时间。 作为一种早已标准化的产品, 以往人们的研究多集中在硫化工艺和模 具结构上。 如为了克服帆布在隔膜断面上居中问题, 人们发明了二次硫化 成型工艺 , 并设计出 了相应的模具结构, 参见本申请人的 ZL200610040934. 3号发明专利和 ZL 200620077724. 7号实用新型专利; 为 了保证帆布在硫化过程中的粘合力, 人们又提出了预成型的硫化工艺, 如 200810060882. 5发明专利申请中记载的制备工艺。本申请人提出的通过采 用两种具有相同胶料配方体系但硫化速度不同的橡胶材料来制备隔膜的 上下胶层, 以保证上下胶层均达到最佳硫化状态, 则是引入了一个全新的 理念, 由此克服了长期以来困扰人们的硫化成型过程中下胶层过硫化的问 题, 使隔膜产品的整体性能大大提高,显著提高了隔膜的使用寿命。
在具体应用本发明生产工艺时, 为了保证隔膜上、 下胶层充分硫化后 性能的一致性, 可在保持隔膜上、 下层胶料配方体系相同的情况下, 通过 调整胶料中构成硫化体系的成份的含量, 来使隔膜上、 下层胶料分别具有 不同的硫化速度, 从而使二者在相同的硫化温度与压力条件下,分别具有 不同的硫化时间。
例如, 增加隔膜上层胶料中硫化体系成份的含量, 使其高于下层胶料 中硫化体系成份的含量, 即可使上层胶料具有相对短的硫化时间。 实施例 1
采用激光切割机和胶料预成型机进行帆布布料和胶块的制备, 采用自 动推出式真空硫化压机及上述模具进行隔膜的硫化成型。
隔膜上胶层橡胶材料硫化时间 T2 = 120秒, 下胶层材料硫化时间 Τ = 150秒, 石克化温度均为 165 °C ± 3 °C , 保压压力 1 6 ~ 2 OMpa , 并且每次石克化 时均抽真空、 保压、 放气 3次。
首先对隔膜下层胶料进行压制成型并部分硫化, 部分硫化时间 L = T-T2 = 30秒;
然后放入隔膜上层胶块后, 对隔膜上下层胶料进行整体硫化, 硫化时 间 Τ2 = 120秒。
由于整体硫化的时间即是上层胶料的硫化时间, 两次硫化时间的和等 于下层胶料的硫化时间, 因此, 经整体硫化后, 隔膜上下两个胶层均达到 了最佳硫化状态, 避免了下胶层过硫化的问题。
按照本发明制出的隔膜产品, 经检验, 各项性能均达到标准规定, 尤 其是其使用寿命远远超过了国际标准的规定的 100万次,有的达到 150万 次,甚至 200万次。 而且, 直至破坏, 隔膜上下胶层也未出现明显差异。 实施例 2
隔膜上胶层橡胶材料硫化时间 Τ2 = 150秒, 下胶层材料硫化时间 Τ = 21 0秒, 石克化温度均为 160 °C ± 3 °C , 保压压力 1 6 ~ 2 OMpa , 并且每次石克化 时均抽真空、 保压、 放气 3次。
部分 υ化时间 L = Τ- Τ2 = 60秒, 整体 ¾化时间 Τ2 = 150秒。
产品性能试验结果同上。
实施例 3
隔膜上胶层橡胶材料硫化时间 T2 = 18 0秒, 下胶层材料硫化时间 Τ =
270秒, 石克化温度均为 1 55 °C ± 3 °C , 保压压力 1 6 ~ 2 OMpa , 并且每次 ¾化 时均抽真空、 保压、 放气 3次。
部分硫化时间 L = T- T2 = 90秒, 整体硫化时间 Τ2 = 1 80秒。
产品性能试检结果同上。 实施例 4
隔膜上胶层橡胶材料硫化时间 Τ2 = 21 0秒, 下胶层材料硫化时间 Τ =
330秒, 石克化温度均为 148 °C ± 3 °C, 保压压力 1 6 ~ 2 OMpa, 并且每次石克化 时均抽真空、 保压、 放气 3次。
部分 υ化时间 L = Τ-Τ2 = 1 20秒, 整体 υ化时间 Τ2 = 21 0秒。
产品性能试验结果同上。
Claims
权利 要求 、 一种汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的生产工艺, 该工艺为二次 化成型工艺, 其特征在于, 两次硫化所用胶料均为胶块, 一次硫化时, 放入下模型 腔内的胶块在第一上模压制下沿帆布下表面延展形成橡胶隔膜的下胶 层, 二次硫化时, 放入下模型腔内的胶块在第二上模压制下沿帆布上 表面延展形成橡胶隔膜的上胶层; 两次硫化所用的胶块均由胶料预成 型机进行制备, 并在制备过程中, 根据形成隔膜下胶层和上胶层所需 胶量分别对一次硫化和二次硫化时所用胶块的质量进行控制。
、 一种汽车制动气室橡胶隔膜的生产工艺, 采用已知真空平板硫化压机 及模具进行隔膜的加工, 具体为:
1 )按产品规格制备相应的帆布布料及上、 下层所需胶块;
2 )将下层胶块放入下模型腔内, 覆盖帆布并利用压环将帆布定位;
3 )合上第一上模, 将下层胶块进行压制成型并部分硫化, 部分硫化的 时间为 T1 ;
4 )打开第一上模, 将上层胶块放入下模型腔中的帆布上, 合上第二上 模, 将上层胶块进行压制成型, 并同时完成隔膜上、 下胶层的整体 充分硫化, 整体充分硫化的时间为 Τ2;
5 )打开第二上模, 取出产品, 待出模产品降温冷却后, 修剪后即得成 口 ·
口口 ,
上述上、 下层胶块分别釆用胶料配方体系相同但硫化速度不同的胶料, 并且下层胶料的充分硫化时间 Τ等于所述部分硫化时间 和所述整体 充分硫化时间 τ2的总和, 所述整体充分硫化时间即为上层胶料的充分
^i^t时间。
、 如权利要求 2 所述的工艺, 其特征在于, 所述帆布为尼龙布骨架, 并 釆用激光进行布料的裁切。
、 如权利要求 2 所述的工艺, 其特征在于, 所述上、 下层胶块均由胶料 预成型机进行制备, 并在制备过程中自动完成对胶块质量的控制。 、 如权利要求 2 所述的工艺, 其特征在于, 所述模具釆用复模结构, 包 括下、 中、 上三层基板, 模具中的下模、 压环、 上模分别安装在下、 中、 上基板上, 并且, 基板上排布有若干套模具; 其中, 上模釆用双 面结构, 即: 所述第一、 第二上模分别安装在上层基板的两面, 上层
基板通过垂直于硫化压机压头进给方向的铰接轴安装在硫化压机的操 作机构上, 并在工作中通过基板绕其铰接轴的翻转, 完成第一和第二 上模的转换。
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