WO2011063756A1 - 一种用于诊断设备的方法和系统 - Google Patents

一种用于诊断设备的方法和系统 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011063756A1
WO2011063756A1 PCT/CN2010/079142 CN2010079142W WO2011063756A1 WO 2011063756 A1 WO2011063756 A1 WO 2011063756A1 CN 2010079142 W CN2010079142 W CN 2010079142W WO 2011063756 A1 WO2011063756 A1 WO 2011063756A1
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Prior art keywords
diagnostic
diagnosis
program
bios
mode
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PCT/CN2010/079142
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王飞舟
陶林
李弈
常琳
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华为技术有限公司
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Application filed by 华为技术有限公司 filed Critical 华为技术有限公司
Priority to BRPI1014150A priority Critical patent/BRPI1014150A2/pt
Priority to EP10832663A priority patent/EP2453358A4/en
Priority to RU2012113830/08A priority patent/RU2012113830A/ru
Publication of WO2011063756A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011063756A1/zh
Priority to US13/338,842 priority patent/US8719644B2/en
Priority to US14/209,786 priority patent/US20140195855A1/en

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    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/22Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing
    • G06F11/2205Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing using arrangements specific to the hardware being tested
    • G06F11/2221Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing using arrangements specific to the hardware being tested to test input/output devices or peripheral units
    • GPHYSICS
    • G06COMPUTING; CALCULATING OR COUNTING
    • G06FELECTRIC DIGITAL DATA PROCESSING
    • G06F11/00Error detection; Error correction; Monitoring
    • G06F11/22Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing
    • G06F11/2284Detection or location of defective computer hardware by testing during standby operation or during idle time, e.g. start-up testing by power-on test, e.g. power-on self test [POST]

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of communications technologies, and in particular, to a device diagnostic method and system.
  • BACKGROUND In the field of IT and electronic communication, in order to improve the reliability of equipment operation and enhance the maintainability of equipment, the equipment is generally diagnosed and detected, and if there is an error, relevant error information is output, and the equipment is subsequently maintained according to the error information. operating.
  • the X86-based device starts the system through the BIOS (Basic Input Output System) or EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface) to complete the initialization and diagnosis of the hardware device, and then enter the operating system.
  • BIOS Basic Input Output System
  • EFI Extensible Firmware Interface
  • the prior art in order to diagnose the hardware device, the prior art often adopts a debugging program in the BIOS, and outputs a debugging information method to the 0x80 port by running the debugging program.
  • These diagnostic information are often relatively simple, and the amount of information given is Fewer, unable to make a more accurate judgment of the fault.
  • the prior art operates under a operating system through a special diagnostic program or through special key triggers during BIOS startup.
  • the BIOS program execution first initializes the CPU, and then initializes the memory, PCI/PCIE, VGA, etc., and then determines whether there is a designated key to press. If there is, enter the diagnostic mode for diagnosis. It can include diagnosis of keyboard, memory, PCI device, hard disk and other devices; if no key is pressed, then the BIOS starts and enters 0S. Since the memory, VGA and other devices have been initialized before entering the diagnostic mode, the information is displayed in detail through the display after the diagnosis is completed, which allows the user to more accurately locate the device fault, which makes maintenance more convenient.
  • Embodiments of the present invention provide a device diagnosis method and system, which are used for accurately diagnosing a device, and can also implement a diagnosis function when a device such as a memory or a PCI/PCIE device fails.
  • a device diagnosis method includes:
  • the device When it is judged to enter the diagnosis mode, the device is diagnosed by executing a diagnostic program
  • a device diagnosis system includes: a determining unit, configured to determine whether to perform a diagnosis mode after the system is started;
  • a diagnosis unit configured to: after the determining unit determines to perform the diagnosis mode, perform diagnosis on the device by executing a diagnostic program;
  • the conventional startup unit is configured to perform a normal BIOS or EFI startup when the determining unit determines not to enter the diagnostic mode.
  • the embodiment of the present invention determines whether to enter the diagnosis mode after the system is started, and if yes, enters the diagnosis mode, and if not, continues to perform BIOS or EFI startup, which can implement accurate diagnosis of the device; and when the device has memory or PCI
  • BIOS or EFI startup which can implement accurate diagnosis of the device
  • the device has memory or PCI
  • BIOS or EFI startup which can implement accurate diagnosis of the device
  • the diagnostic program since the diagnostic program is loaded before the BIOS is started, the diagnosis of the fault can also be realized.
  • FIG. 1 is a flow chart of a method for diagnosing a device in the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a flowchart of a method according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • 4 is a flowchart of a method in step S204 according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a system according to a third embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a specific application scenario according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • a first embodiment of the present invention provides a device diagnosis method. Referring to FIG. 2, the method includes the following steps:
  • Sioi when the system is started, determine whether to enter the diagnostic mode
  • the diagnostic program code may be located in the same memory as the original conventional BIOS or EFI of the system, such as Flash, E2PR0M, etc.; or may be located in a different memory from the BIOS or EFI, for example, adding a memory to the system for storing the diagnosis.
  • the code of the program Regardless of which storage method is used, the diagnostic code is independent of the BIOS code (or EFI program code).
  • BIOS mainly refers to the BIOS (or EFI) having the original system BIOS function.
  • BIOS generally refers to a section started before the operating system (OS).
  • OS operating system
  • the program, the code of the original BIOS function, the newly added diagnostic code and the judgment program code are all before the operating system is started. Therefore, the original BIOS function code, diagnostic code, and judgment program code can also be regarded as A new BI0S.
  • the embodiment of the present invention describes the original BIOS portion and the new diagnostic module as two parts.
  • the method of judging whether to enter the diagnostic mode can be triggered by an external level or by software setting. After entering the diagnostic mode, in order to speed up the execution of the program, the program code in the memory can also be loaded into the Cache for execution.
  • the diagnosis mainly includes diagnosis of some hardware devices such as memory and PCI/PCIE.
  • the specific diagnosis can be based on the actual application.
  • the relevant diagnostic information can be output through the serial port. Since the diagnostic content can be customized, the diagnostic function can be made richer and more accurate.
  • the embodiment of the present invention determines whether to enter the diagnosis mode after the system is started, and if yes, enters the diagnosis mode, and if not, continues to perform BIOS or EFI startup, which can implement accurate diagnosis of the device; and when the device has memory or PCI When the /PCIE bus error occurs, since the diagnostic program is loaded before the BIOS is started, the diagnosis of the fault can also be realized.
  • Embodiment 2
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a device diagnosis method, which is an example in which a device uses a BIOS boot. Referring to FIG. 3, the following steps are included:
  • the S20U stores the diagnostic program and the BIOS program in two separate modules.
  • the BIOS program here is consistent with the existing regular BIOS program and is used to complete the device startup function, usually stored in Flash, E2PR0M and other memories.
  • the diagnostic program is independent of the existing BIOS program, ie executing the diagnostic program alone or the BIOS program does not affect the other program.
  • the diagnostic program can be implemented in C language or other languages. After compiling, a binary computer executable program can be generated, which can then be stored in the same memory as the BIOS, or it can be stored in a memory separately from the BIOS.
  • the memory can be flash, or E2PR0M.
  • bootloader in the memory that is used to select which program module to run when the system is just started.
  • boot program BIOS program, and diagnostics can be placed in the same memory.
  • BIOS mainly refers to a BIOS having the function of the original system BIOS.
  • the BIOS generally refers to a program that is started before the operating system (OS), and the original BIOS function.
  • the code, the newly added diagnostic code, and the judgment program code are all before the operating system is started. Therefore, the original BIOS function code, diagnostic code, and judgment program code can also be regarded as a new BIOS;
  • the BIOS first determine whether to go to the diagnostic program, if it is, run the diagnostic program code, if not, perform a regular BIOS boot such as device initialization.
  • the embodiment of the present invention describes the original BIOS portion and the new diagnostic module as two parts.
  • Methods for determining whether to enter the diagnostic mode include, but are not limited to, a few:
  • Trigger by external level For example, if the user wants to perform the diagnostic mode, it can trigger a GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output) pin level, and the level value will be reflected to a register in the device (such as the GPI0 register). Value, the system's boot loader can check whether the device enters the diagnostic module or performs a normal BIOS boot by checking the status of these registers on the device. It can be set to use the BIOS for the normal startup process by default. When the user's command is detected (triggering the GPI0 pin level), the diagnostic mode is entered.
  • GPIO General Purpose Input/Output
  • CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
  • the CMOS value is read first when the next startup, if the value is a valid value (such as 1), then the diagnostic mode is performed, and vice versa, the normal BIOS startup is performed; after reading the value in CMOS , Clear the valid value to prevent the automatic entry to the diagnostic mode the next time.
  • Cache is a cache memory and is generally integrated into the CPU.
  • the program runs much faster in the Cache than it does in external memory, so the diagnostics diagnostics module can be loaded into the Cache to increase operational efficiency.
  • the boot loader can be loaded into the Cache to run, but because the boot loader runs for a short time, no matter where it runs, it will not have much impact on performance; and the diagnostic program starts the bootloader. It takes much longer to execute, so loading it into the Cache can significantly improve the efficiency of the program.
  • Loading the diagnostics into the Cache can be done as follows:
  • the address in the memory is mapped to the address in the Cache; secondly, the CPU directly accesses the Flash address, and then the CPU finds in the Cache whether there is a code segment backup located at the Flash address just accessed; if not, the Flash address to be accessed The code snippet is loaded into the Cache.
  • the Cache In order to allow the program to be loaded into the Cache, the Cache needs to be configured as conventional memory.
  • the Cache can be configured into conventional memory by setting the CPU related registers.
  • a part of the Cache is used to store the program code, that is, during the running of the program. Stores program code loaded from external memory; another part of the Cache is configured as a stack area in the software, which makes it easy to program in a high-level language such as C (a high-level language generally requires a stack).
  • the CPU can fetch instructions from the Cache instead of fetching instructions from external memory each time, and the fetching speed in the Cache is much faster than fetching instructions from the external memory. Therefore, the access time is greatly reduced, so that the speed of the program running in the Cache is greatly improved compared to the external operation, and the execution efficiency is improved.
  • this step is not necessary. If some CPUs do not support configuring the Cache as regular memory or do not strictly require the running speed, you can also fetch the instructions from the external memory each time. At the same time, if not You need to use the stack function (such as not using a high-level language), or you can not configure a part of the Cache as a stack in the software.
  • the size of the loaded program cannot exceed the maximum value of the Cache configuration. If it is exceeded, only the maximum value of the Cache configuration can be loaded, and the rest is run in the external memory.
  • running the diagnostic program can include the following steps:
  • Memory diagnosis can be performed by reading SPD (Serial Presence Detect) to determine which DIMMs (Dual Inl ine Memory Module) have memory modules on the slot; through DQS (Bidirectional data) The strobe bidirectional data strobe is checked to determine which DI bus has a problem with the data line or address line.
  • SPD Serial Presence Detect
  • DQS Bit Inl ine Memory Module
  • the strobe bidirectional data strobe is checked to determine which DI bus has a problem with the data line or address line.
  • it is also possible to diagnose which chip on the memory module is faulty by reading and writing data (write a data in and read it to determine whether it is consistent).
  • PCI/PCIE diagnostics check the manufacturer number and device number on the device, check if there are more devices, check the control registers, 10 and Memory registers, and so on.
  • the diagnostic program begins by creating a table that includes information about all PCI/PCIE devices on the device, including device name, PCI bus number, device number, feature number, chip silkscreen, etc., by checking if an error is found, based on this information.
  • the table finds out which chip has failed, and specifically obtains the name and silkscreen of the chip.
  • the diagnostic hardware of the diagnostic program is not limited to the above memory and PCI/PCIE. Users can customize the hardware devices that need to be diagnosed according to actual needs.
  • This step is similar to the conventional BIOS boot of the prior art, including memory initialization, PCI/PCIE initialization, VGA initialization; after booting the BIOS, it enters the operating system 0S.
  • the specific operation procedure described above is similar to the prior art and will not be described here.
  • the program may be suspended and wait for the user to perform an operation; or may determine whether to enter the BIOS according to the diagnosis result, for example, when the problem is found, the BIOS is not entered; if there is no problem, the normal BIOS is performed. start up.
  • the above steps may also be referred to.
  • S021 separates the diagnostic program from the EFI module and then determines whether to enter the diagnostic mode. If yes, the device is diagnosed; if not, the normal EFI start is performed.
  • the embodiment of the invention determines whether to enter the diagnosis mode after the system is started, and if yes, enters the diagnosis mode. If not, the BIOS or EFI startup is continued, and the device can be accurately diagnosed; meanwhile, the diagnostic program is The BIOS boot is executed separately, and diagnostics can be performed even if there is a problem with hardware such as memory or PCI/PCIE.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also configures the Cache of the CPU into conventional memory.
  • the diagnostic program is first loaded from the memory to the Cache, and then the program is run in the Cache, thereby speeding up the operation and improving the diagnostic efficiency.
  • An embodiment of the present invention provides a device diagnosis system, including:
  • the determining unit 31 is configured to determine whether to perform a diagnosis mode after the system is started;
  • the diagnosis unit 32 is configured to: after the determining unit determines to perform the diagnosis mode, perform diagnosis on the device by executing a diagnostic program;
  • the conventional startup unit 33 is configured to perform a normal BIOS or EFI startup when the determining unit determines not to enter the diagnostic mode.
  • the embodiment of the present invention may further include a storage unit 34, configured to store a program code, where the storage unit includes: a first storage unit 341, configured to store a code that the determining unit executes the program;
  • a third storage unit 343, configured to store a BIOS or an EFI program code;
  • the storage unit may use a memory such as Flash, or E2PR0M; wherein the code of the diagnostic program and the code of the BIOS or EFI program are two separate program codes.
  • the second storage unit 342 and the third storage unit 343 may use the same memory or may be implemented using different memories.
  • the first memory unit 341, the second memory unit 342, and the third memory unit 343 can all be implemented using the same memory.
  • the method for determining whether the determination unit 31 enters the diagnosis mode may be triggered by an external level or by a method set by a software.
  • the CPU Cache can also be configured into conventional memory, and the program code in the second storage unit is loaded into the Cache to run.
  • the diagnosis of the device by the diagnostic unit 32 mainly includes diagnosis of some hardware devices such as memory, PCI/PCIE, etc.
  • the specific content may be determined according to the actual application. Since the diagnostic content can be customized, the diagnostic function can be made richer and more accurate. .
  • the diagnostic unit 32 can also suspend the program after the diagnosis is completed, wait for the user to operate; or judge whether to enter the BIOS startup according to the diagnosis result.
  • the embodiment of the present invention further includes an output unit 35 for outputting related information after the diagnosis is completed: the output unit 35 can output by using a serial port, and if there are other possible information output methods, other methods can also be used for information output.
  • the above-mentioned judging unit, diagnostic unit, conventional starting unit, output unit and the like can be implemented by using a hardware processor or related logic device, for example, using a CPU or other chip having processing functions, wherein one unit can be used separately for each unit.
  • the processor can also use a hardware processor in combination with multiple units.
  • FIG. 6 is a block diagram of a specific application in an x86 system according to an embodiment of the present invention
  • the foregoing determining unit, the diagnostic unit, and the conventional starting unit can all be implemented by a CPU, the storage unit is implemented by using a flash memory, and the output unit is implemented by a serial port;
  • the CPU When the system is started, the CPU first determines whether to perform the diagnostic mode.
  • the external level triggering causes the change of the register value of the south bridge, and the value of these registers is detected to determine whether to enter the diagnostic mode; if it is judged to enter the diagnostic mode, then Related hardware devices for diagnosis, mainly including memory, PCI/PCIE, etc., and may also include other devices such as a keyboard and a display; after the diagnosis is completed, the related information is output through the serial port; if it is judged that the diagnostic mode is not entered, the routine is performed. BIOS or EFI boot.
  • BIOS or EFI boot The storage unit here is implemented by using Flash.
  • the code of the diagnostic program and the code of the BIOS or EFI program are two separate codes, but all are stored in the same Flash. In actual applications, two Flash can also be used for storage. ; Flash can also be replaced with other memory such as E2PR0M.
  • the embodiment of the invention determines whether to enter the diagnosis mode after the system is started, and if yes, enters the diagnosis mode. If not, the BIOS or EFI startup is continued, and the device can be accurately diagnosed; meanwhile, the diagnostic program is The BIOS boot is executed separately, and diagnostics can be performed even if there is a problem with hardware such as memory or PCI/PCIE.
  • the embodiment of the present invention also configures the Cache of the CPU into conventional memory.
  • the diagnostic program is first loaded from the memory to the Cache, and then the program is run in the Cache, thereby speeding up the operation and improving the diagnostic efficiency.
  • the storage medium may be a magnetic disk, an optical disk, a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM).

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Description

一种用于诊断设备的方法和系统 本申请要求于 2009年 11月 30日提交中国专利局、 申请号为 200910188485. 0、 发 明名称为 "一种设备诊断方法及系统"的中国专利申请的优先权, 其全部内容通过引用 结合在本申请中。 技术领域 本发明涉及通信技术领域, 尤其涉及一种设备诊断方法及系统。 背景技术 在 IT及电子通信领域, 为了提高设备运行的可靠性以及增强设备的可维护性, 一 般都会对设备进行诊断检测, 如果有错误, 输出相关错误信息, 后续根据这些出错信息 对设备进行维护操作。
基于 X86体系的设备先通过 BIOS (Basic Input Output System, 基本输入输出系 统) 或 EFI (Extensible Firmware Interface, 可扩展固件接口) 启动系统, 完成硬件 设备的初始化及诊断, 然后再进入操作系统。 以通过 BIOS启动为例, 为了对硬件设备 进行诊断, 现有技术常采用在 BIOS中加入调试程序, 通过运行调试程序向 0x80端口输 出调试信息方法, 这些诊断信息往往比较简单, 给出的信息量较少, 无法对故障做出更 准确的判断。
为了得到更准确的诊断信息, 现有技术通过一个专门的诊断程序, 在操作系统下运 行或者在 BIOS启动阶段通过特殊的按键触发来进行诊断检测。参见图 1,系统上电后进 入 BIOS程序执行, 先初始化 CPU, 然后再对内存、 PCI/PCIE、 VGA等设备进行初始化, 接着判断是否有指定键按下, 如果有, 则进入诊断模式进行诊断, 可以包括对键盘、 内 存、 PCI设备、硬盘等设备的诊断; 如果没有指定键按下, 则接着进行 BIOS启动及进入 0S。 由于在进入诊断模式前已经对内存、 VGA等设备进行了初始化, 因此, 诊断完成后 通过显示器将信息详细地显示出来, 这样可以让用户更精确地对设备故障进行定位, 使 得维护更加方便。
发明人在实现本发明的过程中发现现有技术至少存在如下缺点:
使用 0x80端口调试时, 输出的信息往往过于简单, 无法对故障做出准确的判断; 而使用专门诊断程序由于在 BIOS操作系统下运行或在 BIOS启动阶段运行, 当因为内存 或 者 PCI/PCIE ( Peripheral Component Interconnect/Peripheral Component Interconnect Express , 外设连接总线 /外设连接增加型总线) 出现故障时, 往往无法 使用显示器、 键盘等设备, 从而也就无法实现诊断功能。 发明内容
本发明实施例提供一种设备诊断方法和系统, 用于对设备进行准确诊断, 且在内存 或 PCI/PCIE等设备出现故障时也能实现诊断功能。
其中, 一种设备诊断方法包括:
当系统启动后, 判断是否进入诊断模式;
当判断进入诊断模式时, 通过执行诊断程序对设备进行诊断;
当判断不进入诊断模式时, 进行常规 BIOS或 EFI启动。
其中, 一种设备诊断系统包括- 判断单元, 用于当系统启动后, 判断是否进行诊断模式;
诊断单元, 用于当所述判断单元判断进行诊断模式后, 通过执行诊断程序对设备进 行诊断;
常规启动单元, 用于当所述判断单元判断不进入诊断模式时, 进行常规 BIOS或 EFI 启动。
上述技术方案中具有如下的优点:
本发明实施例通过在系统启动后先判断是否进入诊断模式, 如果是, 则进入诊断模 式, 如果否, 则继续执行 BIOS或 EFI启动, 可以实现对设备的准确诊断; 且当设备出现 内存或 PCI/PCIE总线错误时, 由于诊断程序是在 BIOS启动前加载, 因此, 也可以实现故 障的诊断。 附图说明 为了更清楚地说明本发明实施例中的技术方案,下面将对实施例或现有技术描述中 所需要使用的附图作简单地介绍, 显而易见地, 下面描述中的附图仅仅是本发明的一些 实施例, 对于本领域普通技术人员来讲, 在不付出创造性劳动的前提下, 还可以根据这 些附图获得其他的附图。
图 1为现有技术一种设备诊断方法流程图;
图 2为本发明实施例一方法流程图;
图 3为本发明实施例二方法流程图; 图 4为本发明实施例二步骤 S204方法流程图;
图 5为本发明实施例三系统示意图;
图 6为本发明实施例三具体应用场景示意图。 具体实 式 为使本发明的目的、 技术方案及优点更加清楚明白, 以下将通过具体实施例和相关 附图, 对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例一
本发明实施例一提供了一种设备诊断方法, 参见图 2, 包括如下步骤:
sioi、 当系统启动后, 判断是否进入诊断模式;
5102、 当判断进入诊断模式时, 通过执行诊断程序对设备进行诊断;
5103、 当判断不进入诊断模式时, 进行常规 BIOS或 EFI启动。
本发明实施例中,诊断程序代码可以和系统原来的常规 BIOS或 EFI位于同一存储器, 如 Flash、 E2PR0M等存储器; 也可以与 BIOS或 EFI位于不同的存储器, 例如再为系统增加 一个存储器来存放诊断程序的代码。无论使用哪种存储方法, 诊断程序代码与 BIOS程序 代码 (或 EFI程序代码)相独立。
需要说明的是, 上述常规 BIOS (或 EFI )主要是指具有原来系统 BIOS功能的 BIOS (或 EFI ) , 由于实际应用中, BIOS—般是指在操作系统 (0S, Operation System) 之前启 动的一段程序, 而原先 BIOS功能的那块代码、 新加入的诊断程序代码以及判断程序代码 都在操作系统启动前, 因此, 也可以将原 BIOS功能代码、 诊断程序代码、 判断程序代码 等都看成是一个新的 BI0S。 为了描述方便, 本发明实施例将原 BIOS部分和新的诊断模块 作为两部分进行描述。
判断是否进入诊断模式的方法可以通过外部电平触发,也可以通过软件设置的方式 来进行。 在进入诊断模式后, 为了加快程序执行的速度, 还可以将存储器中的程序代码 加载到 Cache中执行。
进入诊断程序对设备进行诊断前, 先进行一些系统的初始化, 如对 Cache、 串口等 进行初始化, 诊断主要包括对一些硬件设备如内存、 PCI/PCIE等进行诊断, 具体诊断的 内容可以根据实际应用而定, 诊断完之后可以通过串口将相关的诊断信息进行输出。 由 于诊断内容可以自定义, 因此, 可以使得诊断功能更加丰富及准确。 本发明实施例通过在系统启动后先判断是否进入诊断模式, 如果是, 则进入诊断模 式, 如果否, 则继续执行 BIOS或 EFI启动, 可以实现对设备的准确诊断; 且当设备出现 内存或 PCI/PCIE总线错误时, 由于诊断程序是在 BIOS启动前加载, 因此, 也可以实现故 障的诊断。 实施例二
本发明实施例提供了一种设备诊断方法, 以设备使用 BIOS启动为例, 参见图 3, 包 括如下步骤:
S20U 将诊断程序与 BIOS程序分成两个独立的模块一起存放;
这里的 BIOS程序和现有的常规 BIOS程序相一致, 用于完成设备启动功能, 通常存储 在 Flash、 E2PR0M等存储器。 诊断程序与现有的 BIOS程序相独立, 即单独执行诊断程序 或 BIOS程序并不会对另一个程序产生影响。 诊断程序可以用 C语言或其他语言实现, 编 译后生成一个二进制的计算机可执行程序,然后可以将其与 BIOS—起存储在同一存储器 中, 也可以将其与 BIOS分别存储在一个存储器中, 这里的存储器可以采用 Flash、 或者 E2PR0M等存储器。
为了在系统启动时选择运行哪个程序模块, 在存储器当中还会有一段启动引导程 序, 用于在系统刚刚启动时选择运行哪个程序模块。 为了使用方便, 可以将启动程序、 BIOS程序和诊断程序放在同一存储器当中。
需要说明的是,上述 BIOS主要是指具有原来系统 BIOS功能的 BIOS,由于实际应用中, BIOS—般是指在操作系统 (0S, Operation System) 之前启动的一段程序, 而原先 BIOS 功能的那块代码、新加入的诊断程序代码以及判断程序代码都在操作系统启动前,因此, 也可以将原 BIOS功能代码、 诊断程序代码、 判断程序代码等都看成是一个新的 BIOS; 在 执行这个新的 BIOS时, 先判断是否转到诊断程序, 如果是, 则运行诊断程序代码, 如果 否, 执行对设备初始化等常规 BIOS启动。 为了描述方便, 本发明实施例将原 BIOS部分和 新的诊断模块作为两部分进行描述。
S202、 系统启动时判断是否进入诊断模式; 如果是, 执行步骤 S203; 如果否, 执行 步骤 S206;
判断是否进入诊断模式的方法包括但并不限于几个几种:
1 ) 通过外部电平触发 例如, 用户如果想进行诊断模式, 可以通过触发一个 GPIO (General Purpose Input/Output , 通用输入 /输出端口) 引脚电平, 电平值会被反映到设备内某个寄存器 (例如 GPI0寄存器)的值, 系统的启动引导程序可以通过检査设备的这些寄存器状态来 判断是进入诊断模块还是进行正常的 BIOS启动。可以设置在默认情况下使用 BIOS进行正 常的启动流程, 当检测到用户的命令后 (触发 GPI0引脚电平) 就进入诊断模式。
2) 通过软件设置
除了通过外部电平触发外, 也可以通过软件设置进行触发。 例如, 用户在 BIOS里面 设置下次启动的时候是否进入诊断模式(如在 BIOS配置界面设设置一个选项用于判断是 否进入诊断模式),配置将被保存在 CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor, 互补金属氧化物半导体)里面, 下次启动的时候就先读取 CMOS中值, 如果该值为有效值 (如 1 ) , 则进行诊断模式, 反之, 进行正常的 BIOS启动; 读取完 CMOS中的值后, 将有 效值进行清除, 以防下一次自动进入诊断模式。
S203、 将诊断程序加载到 Cache中运行;
Cache为高速缓冲存储器, 一般集成在 CPU当中。 程序在 Cache中运行的速度远大于 在外部存储器中运行的速度, 因此, 可以将诊断程序诊断模块加载到 Cache中运行以提 高运行效率。 同理, 也可以将启动引导程序加载到 Cache中运行, 但因为启动引导程序 运行起来时间很短, 所以无论在哪里运行都不会对性能产生太大的影响; 而诊断程序相 比启动引导程序执行起来时间要长得多, 所以将其加载到 Cache中运行能显著提高程序 运行效率。
将诊断程序加载到 Cache可以通过如下方法进行:
首先, 将存储器中的地址映射到 Cache中地址; 其次, CPU直接去访问 Flash地址, 然后 CPU到 Cache中査找有没有位于刚才访问的 Flash地址的代码段备份; 如果没有, 则 将访问的 Flash地址的代码段加载到 Cache。
为了能让程序加载到 Cache中运行, 需要先将 Cache配置成常规内存; 一般可以通过 设置 CPU相关寄存器来将 Cache配置成常规内存, 其中, 一部分 Cache用于存储程序代码, 即在程序运行过程中存储从外部存储器加载进行的程序代码; 另一部分 Cache被配置成 软件中的堆栈区, 这样可以方便地利用高级语言 (如 C语言) 进行编程 (高级语言一般 都需要用到堆栈) 。
通过将诊断程序加载到 Cache中运行, 从而可以让 CPU从 Cache中取指令而不是每次 都从外部存储器中取指令,而在 Cache中取令的速度远大于从外部存储器取指令的速度, 因此, 大大减少了访问时间, 使得程序在 Cache中运行的速度相比于在外部运行时大大 提高, 提高了执行效率。
需要说明的是, 这一步骤并非是必须的, 如果某些 CPU不支持将 Cache配置成常规内 存或者不对运行速度进行严格要求,也可以每次都从外部存储器当中取指令运行;同时, 如果不需要用到堆栈功能 (如不使用高级语言) , 也可以不将一部分 Cache配置成软件 中的堆栈。
另外, 加载的程序大小不能超过 Cache配置的最大值, 如果超过了, 只能加载 Cache 配置的最大值, 其余部分在外部存储器中运行。
S204、 运行诊断程序对设备进行诊断;
参见图 4, 运行诊断程序可以包括如下步骤:
S204K 初始化 Cache;
包括使能 Cache、 映射在外部存储器中诊断模块的代码地址到 Cache中、 将一部分设 置成代码段 (用于在运行时存储加载进来的诊断模块代码) 及堆栈段等步骤。
52042、 初始化串口;
包括使能串口、 设定串口号、 传输速率、 数据位数、 校验位数等歩骤。
52043、 对相关硬件设备进行诊断;
主要通过对内存和 PCI/PCIE等硬件设备进行诊断。 对内存的诊断可以通过读取 SPD (Serial Presence Detect , 串行模组存在检测)来判断哪些 DIMM (Dual Inl ine Memory Module, 双列直插内存模块)槽上面有内存条; 通过 DQS (Bidirectional data strobe 双向数据选通)检验来判断哪个 DI匪槽上的数据线或者地址线出问题。对于硬件支持的 设备还可以通过数据读写来诊断内存条上的哪个芯片颗粒有故障(写一个数据进去, 再 读出来判断是否一致) 。
对 PCI/PCIE的诊断可以核对设备上的厂商号和设备号, 检査是否多了设备, 检查控 制寄存器、 10和 Memory寄存器等等。诊断程序开始会建立一个包括设备上所有 PCI/PCIE 设备信息的表, 这些信息包括设备名称、 PCI总线号、 设备号、 功能号、 芯片丝印等, 通过检査如果发现错误, 则可以根据这个信息表査出是哪个芯片出现了故障, 具体得到 芯片的名称及丝印等信息。
诊断程序的诊断硬件设备并不局限于上述内存和 PCI/PCIE,用户可以根据实际需求 来自定义需要诊断的硬件设备。
S205、 将诊断结果通过串口进行打印 由于此时显示器等硬件还不能正常工作, 因此, 可以将诊断得到的故障信息通过串 口进行打印输出。如果有其他可以的信息输出方法,也可以采用其他方法进行信息输出。
S206、 进行常规 BIOS启动;
此步骤跟现有技术的常规 BIOS启动类似, 包括内存初始化、 PCI/PCIE初始化、 VGA 初始化; 启动完 BIOS后进行入操作系统 0S。 上述具体的操作流程与现有技术类似, 在此 不再赘述。
需要说明的是, 在歩骤 S205之后, 可以暂停程序, 等待用户进行操作; 也可以根据 诊断结果判断是否进入 BIOS, 例如, 当发现问题时, 不进入 BIOS; 如果没问题, 则进行 正常的 BIOS启动。
本发明另一实施例当中, 如果设备采用 EFI架构进行启动时, 也可以参考上述步骤
S021将诊断程序与 EFI模块分离, 然后判断是否进行入诊断模式, 如果是, 则对设备进 行诊断; 如果否, 则进行正常的 EFI启动。
本发明实施例通过在系统启动后先判断是否进入诊断模式, 如果是, 则进入诊断模 式, 如果否, 则继续执行 BIOS或 EFI启动, 可以实现对设备的准确诊断; 同时, 通过将 诊断程序与 BIOS启动分开执行,即使内存或 PCI/PCIE等硬件出现问题时,也能进行诊断。
本发明实施例还将 CPU的 Cache配置成常规内存,在运行诊断程序时将诊断程序先从 存储器中加载到 Cache, 然后在 Cache中运行程序, 从而可以加快运行速度, 提高了诊断 效率。 实施例三
本发明实施例提供了一种设备诊断系统, 包括:
判断单元 31, 用于当系统启动后, 判断是否进行诊断模式;
诊断单元 32, 用于当所述判断单元判断进行诊断模式后, 通过执行诊断程序对设备 进行诊断;
常规启动单元 33,用于当所述判断单元判断不进入诊断模式时,进行常规 BIOS或 EFI 启动。
本发明实施例还可以包括存储单元 34, 用于存储程序代码, 所述存储单元包括: 第一存储单元 341, 用于存储判断单元执行程序的代码;
第二存储单元 342, 用于存储所述诊断程序的代码;
第三存储单元 343, 用于存储 BIOS或 EFI程序的代码; 所述存储单元可以使用 Flash, 或 E2PR0M等存储器; 其中, 所述诊断程序的代码和 所述 BIOS或 EFI程序的代码为两段独立的程序代码。
第二存储单元 342和第三存储单元 343可以使用同一存储器,或者也可以使用不同的 存储器来实现。 为了使用方法, 可以将第一存储单元 341、 第二存储单元 342和第三存储 单元 343都使用同一存储器来实现。
其中, 判断单元 31判断是否进入诊断模式的方法可以通过外部电平触发, 也可以通 过软件设置的方法来进行。
为了加快程序执行的速度, 还可以将 CPU的 Cache配置成常规内存, 将第二存储单元 中的程序代码加载到 Cache中运行。
诊断单元 32对设备的诊断主要包括对一些硬件设备如内存、 PCI/PCIE等进行诊断, 具体的内容可以根据实际应用而定, 由于诊断内容可以自定义, 因此, 可以使得诊断功 能更加丰富及准确。
诊断单元 32还可以在诊断完成后暂停程序, 等待用户操作; 或者根据诊断结果判断 是否进入 BIOS启动。
本发明实施例还包括输出单元 35, 用于将诊断完之后将相关信息进行输出: 输出单元 35可以通过使用串口进行输出, 如果有其他可以的信息输出方法, 也可以 采用其他方法进行信息输出。
上述判断单元, 诊断单元, 常规启动单元, 输出单元等模块可以使用硬件处理器或 相关逻辑器件来实现, 例如使用 CPU或其他具有处理功能的芯片实现, 其中, 可以每个 单元可以单独使用一个硬件处理器, 也可以多个单元共同使用一个硬件处理器。
参见图 6, 为本发明实施例在 x86系统中的一个具体应用框图, 上述判断单元、 诊断 单元以及常规启动单元都可以用 CPU实现, 存储单元用 Flash存储器实现, 输出单元用串 口实现;
在系统启动时, CPU首先判断是否进行诊断模式, 这里通过外部电平触发, 引起南 桥相关寄存器值变化, 对这些寄存器的值进行检测后判断是否进入诊断模式; 如果判断 进入诊断模式, 则对相关硬件设备进行诊断, 主要包括内存、 PCI/PCIE等设备, 也可以 包括键盘、 显示器等其他设备; 诊断完成后, 再通过串口将相关的信息进行输出; 如果 判断不进入诊断模式, 则进行常规的 BIOS或 EFI启动。 这里的存储单元使用 Flash实现, 其中, 诊断程序的代码和 BIOS或 EFI程序的代码为 两个独立的代码, 但都存储在同一块 Flash当中; 在实际应用中, 也可以使用两个 Flash 进行存放; 且 Flash也可以使用 E2PR0M等其他存储器代替。
本发明实施例通过在系统启动后先判断是否进入诊断模式, 如果是, 则进入诊断模 式, 如果否, 则继续执行 BIOS或 EFI启动, 可以实现对设备的准确诊断; 同时, 通过将 诊断程序与 BIOS启动分开执行,即使内存或 PCI/PCIE等硬件出现问题时,也能进行诊断。
本发明实施例还将 CPU的 Cache配置成常规内存,在运行诊断程序时将诊断程序先从 存储器中加载到 Cache , 然后在 Cache中运行程序, 从而可以加快运行速度, 提高了诊断 效率。
本领域普通技术人员可以理解实现上述实施例方法中的全部或部分流程,是可以通 过计算机程序来指令相关的硬件来完成,所述的程序可存储于一计算机可读取存储介质 中, 该程序在执行时, 可包括如上述各方法的实施例的流程。 其中, 所述的存储介质可 为磁碟、 光盘、 只读存储记忆体(Read-Only Memory, ROM)或随机存储记忆体(Random Access Memory, RAM ) 等。
上列较佳实施例, 对本发明的目的、 技术方案和优点进行了进一歩详细说明, 所应 理解的是, 以上所述仅为本发明的较佳实施例而已, 并不用以限制本发明, 凡在本发明 的精神和原则之内, 所作的任何修改、 等同替换、 改进等, 均应包含在本发明的保护范 围之内。

Claims

权利要求
1、 一种设备诊断方法, 其特征在于, 包括:
当系统启动后, 判断是否进入诊断模式;
当判断进入诊断模式时, 通过执行诊断程序对设备进行诊断;
当判断不进入诊断模式时, 进行常规 BIOS或 EFI启动。
2、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
通过外部电平触发, 或者软件方式判断是否进入诊断模式。
3、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述诊断程序代码与所述 BIOS或 EFI的程序代码相独立。
4、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
执行所述诊断程序时, 将所述诊断程序的代码加载到 Cache中执行。
5、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述通过执行诊断程序对设备进行诊断前还包括: 对 Cache、 串口进行初始化。
6、 如权利要求 1所述的方法, 其特征在于:
通过串口将所述诊断程序对设备进行诊断后的结果进行输出。
7、 一种设备诊断系统, 其特征在于, 包括:
判断单元, 用于当系统启动后, 判断是否进行诊断模式;
诊断单元, 用于当所述判断单元判断进行诊断模式后, 通过执行诊断程序对设备进 行诊断;
常规启动单元, 用于当所述判断单元判断不进入诊断模式时, 进行常规 BIOS或 EFI 启动。
8、 如权利要求 7所述的设备诊断系统, 其特征在于:
所述判断单元通过外部电平触发, 或者软件方式判断是否进入诊断模式。
9、 如权利要求 7所述的设备诊断系统, 其特征在于, 还包括:
存储单元, 用于存储程序代码, 所述存储单元包括:
第一存储单元, 用于存储判断单元执行程序代码;
第二存储单元, 用于存储所述诊断程序代码;
第三存储单元, 用于存储 BIOS或 EFI程序代码。
10、 如权利要求 9所述的设备诊断系统, 其特征在于- 所述诊断程序代码与所述 BIOS或 EFI程序代码相独立。
11、 如权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述诊断单元对设备进行诊断时, 将所述诊断程序的代码加载到 Cache中执行。
12、 如权利要求 9所述的方法, 其特征在于:
所述通过执行诊断程序对设备进行诊断前还包括: 对 Cache、 串口进行初始化; 诊断完成后, 对诊断后的结果通过串口进行输出。
PCT/CN2010/079142 2009-11-30 2010-11-25 一种用于诊断设备的方法和系统 WO2011063756A1 (zh)

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