WO2011063624A1 - 一种管壳式换热器及其折流板 - Google Patents

一种管壳式换热器及其折流板 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011063624A1
WO2011063624A1 PCT/CN2010/071459 CN2010071459W WO2011063624A1 WO 2011063624 A1 WO2011063624 A1 WO 2011063624A1 CN 2010071459 W CN2010071459 W CN 2010071459W WO 2011063624 A1 WO2011063624 A1 WO 2011063624A1
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Prior art keywords
tube
baffle
shell
heat exchanger
fixed
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PCT/CN2010/071459
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
钱才富
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北京化工大学
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Publication of WO2011063624A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011063624A1/zh

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/22—Arrangements for directing heat-exchange media into successive compartments, e.g. arrangements of guide plates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a shell-and-tube heat exchanger, in particular to a novel baffle shell-and-tube heat exchanger, which adopts the baffle plate, thereby wearing the fluid of the ordinary bow baffle heat exchanger Crossing of the tube bundle
  • the shell-and-tube heat exchanger has the advantages of reliability, adaptability, design, manufacture and manufacture of 3 ⁇ 4 cylinders, and is widely used in petrochemical, electric power, environmental protection and other industrial fields.
  • the shell-and-tube heat exchanger usually consists of a pipe box, a tube plate, a casing, a baffle plate, a heat exchange tube, a pulling rod, a distance tube and a process nozzle.
  • the baffle plate not only supports the tube bundle in the horizontal heat exchanger casing, but also acts to flow the fluid according to a specific passage, increase the flow rate of the shell-side fluid, increase the degree of turbulence, and improve the heat transfer characteristics.
  • the existing heat exchanger baffles have bow baffles and spiral baffles, and ordinary bow baffles
  • the flat plate type that is, the circular flat plate is cut into a notched arc shape, and is discharged parallel to the axis of the heat exchanger housing and the heat exchange tube, so that the fluid forms a meandering flow along the axis in the housing, and the flat type bow baffle is caused by the flat plate.
  • the fluid flow velocity distribution of the shell side is not reasonable, the "dead zone" is larger, the effective flow area is smaller, and the flow resistance is large.
  • the spiral baffle is arranged such that the plurality of baffles are arranged along the axis of the casing to be approximately spiral, so that the fluid of the heat exchanger shell is continuously spirally flowing.
  • the spiral baffle shell-and-tube heat exchanger disclosed in 200320106763.1 is spliced into two adjacent spiral surfaces by two or four fan-shaped flat plates. Although such spiral baffles make the fluid flow form most reasonable, they are installed more than the bow baffles. Difficulties, high processing costs, accuracy is difficult to guarantee, is not conducive to industrial standardization, and there are leakage flows in the spiral flow path spliced by multiple fan-shaped plates, increasing fluid resistance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide technical solutions to the existing conventional bow baffle heat exchangers.
  • a novel baffle shell-and-tube heat exchanger converts the fluid of the shell side of the common bow baffle heat exchanger from a cross flow through the tube bundle or partially to a flow along the tube bundle to reduce the pressure drop and reduce the heat transfer. "Dead zone” improves heat transfer efficiency and slows pipe vibration and wear.
  • the novel baffle shell and tube heat exchanger of the present invention comprises a fixed tube plate type, a floating head type and a U-shaped tube type heat exchanger.
  • the novel baffle shell-and-tube fixed tube sheet heat exchanger of the present invention is shown in Fig. 1 and comprises a cylinder body 3.
  • the shell body 3 has a shell-side fluid inlet 7 and a shell-side fluid outlet 12 respectively, and a cylinder body 3
  • the end of the tube plate 2 is connected to the outside of the two tube sheets, and the two tube boxes 1 are respectively connected with a tube-flow fluid inlet 13 and an outlet 8 respectively, and the tube body 3 has a heat exchange tube bundle 6 and a baffle plate 4
  • the baffle is perpendicular to the tube axis and is uniformly fixed in parallel by the pull rod 11 and the distance tube 10 in the axial direction, the pull rod 11 is fixed on the tube sheet 2, the baffle is a new baffle, and any baffle
  • the large circular tube holes and small circular tube holes of the plate are distributed according to the conventional technique, and the distribution of the circular tube holes of the adjacent two baffles is different, and the tube bundle 6 passes through the tube holes of a group of novel
  • the baffle can be a circular plate with an arcuate notch or a full circular plate without a notch.
  • the cylinder 3 is placed on the saddle 9.
  • the distribution of the large and small circular holes in the baffle plate of the novel baffle-and-tube fixed-plate heat exchanger of the present invention may be triangular, such as Fig. 2, Fig. 3, or square.
  • the diameter of the baffle hole is designed according to the heat exchanger standard GB151.
  • the diameter of the large hole varies according to the diameter of the heat exchange tube, which is larger than the diameter of the small hole.
  • the novel baffle shell-and-tube type floating head heat exchanger of the present invention is shown in Fig. 4, and includes a cylinder 5, and a cylinder 5
  • the ends are respectively provided with a shell-side fluid inlet 4 and a shell-side fluid outlet 14, and the cylinder 5-end is connected to the fixed tube plate 3 through a flange, and the outside of the tube plate is connected to the tube box 1_ (left tube box), and the tube box 1 is separately opened
  • There is a tube-flow fluid port 18 and a tube-flow fluid outlet 2 and the other end of the barrel 5 is connected to the floating-end tube box 10 (right tube box) through the floating head flange 11, and the floating head tube box 10 has a floating head tube plate 12, a floating head
  • the tube sheet 12 is connected to the floating head cover by the hook ring 13 and the floating head flange 11.
  • the barrel 5 has a heat exchange tube bundle 9, baffles 6 and 7 and a retaining tube 15 at the center of the barrel 5, the baffle being perpendicular to
  • the tube shaft is fixed by the tie rod 16 and the distance tube 8 in parallel in the axial direction, and the pull rod 16 is fixed on the tube plate 3, and each baffle plate has two kinds of circular tube holes of different sizes, any one baffle plate
  • the large circular tube holes and the small circular tube holes are distributed according to a conventional technique, and the distribution of the circular tube holes of the adjacent two baffles is different, and the tube bundle 9 and the blocking tube 15 pass through the tube holes of a group of new baffles.
  • the axis is fixed in parallel between the fixed tube sheet 3 and the floating tube sheet 12.
  • the baffle can be a circular plate with an arcuate notch or a full circular plate without a notch.
  • one fluid travels the tube, and the other fluid enters the shell from the shell-side fluid inlet tube, and the first block (in the flow direction) baffles
  • the large circular tube hole gap passes through, and after changing a certain direction, it breaks into the large circular tube hole gap of the second baffle, and then changes to a certain direction and enters the large circular tube hole of the third baffle.
  • the shell-side fluid exits the tube and completes heat exchange with the tube-flow fluid; the small circular tube hole on the baffle plate supports the heat-exchange tube.
  • the cylinder 5 is placed on the saddle 17 in the same manner.
  • the distribution of the large and small circular holes in the baffle plate of the novel baffle shell-and-shell type floating heat exchanger of the present invention may be angular, for example, Fig. 5, Fig. 6, or square, as shown in Fig. 8 and Fig. 9.
  • the diameter of the small circular tube hole of the baffle is designed according to the heat exchanger standard GB151.
  • the diameter of the large circular tube hole varies according to the diameter of the heat exchange tube, which is larger than the diameter of the small circular tube.
  • the novel baffle shell-and-tube U-tube heat exchanger of the present invention is shown in Fig. 7, and includes a cylinder 5 having a shell-side fluid inlet 4 and a shell-side fluid outlet 9 at both ends of the cylinder 5, respectively.
  • a cylinder 5 having a shell-side fluid inlet 4 and a shell-side fluid outlet 9 at both ends of the cylinder 5, respectively.
  • the tube plate 3 is connected, and the outer side of the tube plate is connected to the tube box 1.
  • the tube box 1 is respectively provided with a tube-flow fluid inlet 13 and an outlet 2, and the barrel 5 has a U-shaped tube bundle 8 and baffles 6 and 7, and the baffle plate is vertical
  • the tube shaft is fixed by the tie rod 12 and the distance tube 11 in parallel in the axial direction, and the pull rod 12 is fixed on the tube plate 3, and each baffle plate has two kinds of circular tube holes of different sizes, and any one of the baffles
  • the large circular tube holes and small circular tube holes of the plate are distributed according to the conventional technique, and the distribution of the circular tube holes of the adjacent two baffles is different, and the tube bundle 8 passes through the tube holes of a group of novel baffles, and the axes are parallel It is fixed on the fixed tube sheet 3.
  • the baffle can be a circular plate with an arcuate notch or a full circular plate without a notch.
  • one fluid travels the tube, and the other fluid enters the shell from the shell-side fluid inlet tube, and the baffle plate from the first block (in the flow direction)
  • the large circular tube hole gap passes through, changes to a certain direction and enters the large circular tube hole gap of the second baffle, and then changes to a certain direction and enters the large circular tube hole of the third baffle.
  • the gap after passing through the last baffle plate in turn, flows out from the shell-side fluid outlet tube to complete heat exchange with the tube-length fluid; the small circular tube hole on the baffle plate supports the heat-exchange tube.
  • the cylinder 5 is placed on the saddle 10 as it is.
  • the distribution of the large and small tube holes on the baffle plate of the novel baffle shell-and-tube U-tube heat exchanger of the present invention may be triangular, as shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6, or may be square, as shown in FIG. ⁇ 9.
  • the diameter of the small circular tube hole of the baffle is designed according to the heat exchanger standard GB151.
  • the diameter of the large circular tube is different according to the diameter of the heat exchange tube, and is 2-8 mm larger than the diameter of the small circular tube.
  • the invention has the effect that the fluid in the shell side of the ordinary bow baffle heat exchanger is changed or partially changed into the flow along the tube bundle by the cross flow passing through the tube bundle, and the pressure drop is remarkably reduced, and the same day, the pressure is also reduced.
  • Heat transfer "dead zone" improves heat transfer efficiency and slows pipe vibration and wear.
  • the novel baffle shell-and-tube heat exchanger provided by the present invention has a shell pressure drop of 25-35% lower than that of the ordinary bow baffle heat exchanger.
  • the heat transfer efficiency of the pressure drop is increased by 20 30%, and the bow baffle is easy to process and install, and is suitable for standardization and low cost.
  • ⁇ is a pipe box
  • 2 is a pipe plate
  • 3 is a cylinder
  • 4 and 5 are baffles
  • 6 is a heat exchange tube bundle
  • 7 is a shell-side fluid inlet
  • 8 is a tube-flow fluid
  • 9 is a saddle 0 is a distance tube
  • 11 is a tie rod
  • 12 is a shell-side fluid outlet
  • 13 is a tube-length fluid inlet.
  • FIG. 2 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of two circular tubes with different sizes on a baffle plate in a new baffle tube-type fixed tube-plate heat exchanger
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic diagram showing the arrangement of two circular tube holes of different sizes on adjacent baffles in the new baffle-shell fixed-tube heat exchanger
  • FIG. 4 Structure diagram of a new baffle shell-and-tube floating head heat exchanger
  • 1 is the left tube box
  • 2 is the tube-flow fluid outlet
  • 3 is the tube plate
  • 4 is the shell-side fluid inlet
  • 5 is the barrel
  • 6 and 7 are the baffles
  • 8 is the distance tube
  • 9 is Heat exchange tube
  • 1 (3 is the right tube box
  • 1 1 is the floating head flange
  • 12 is the floating head tube plate
  • 14 is the shell side fluid outlet
  • 15 is the blocking tube
  • 16 is the tie rod
  • 17 is the saddle
  • 18 is the tube fluid inlet.
  • FIG. 5 Schematic diagram of the distribution of two circular tube holes of different sizes on a baffle plate in a new baffle shell-and-shell floating head or U-tube heat exchanger
  • FIG. 6 Schematic diagram of the arrangement of two circular tube holes with different sizes on the adjacent baffles in the new baffle shell-and-shell floating head or U-tube heat exchanger
  • Fig. 7 1 is a pipe box, 2 is a pipe-length fluid outlet, 3 is a tube plate, 4 is a shell-side fluid inlet, 5 is a cylinder, 6 and 7 are baffles, 8 is a heat exchange tube, and 9 is a shell.
  • the fluid outlet is 10, the saddle is seated, 11 is the distance tube, i2 is the rod, and 13 is the tube fluid inlet.
  • FIG. 8 Different baffles in a new type of baffle-shell floating head or U-tube heat exchanger Schematic diagram of the arrangement of two circular tube holes in a square arrangement
  • FIG. 9 Schematic diagram of square arrangement of two circular tube holes of different sizes on adjacent baffles in a new baffle shell-and-shell floating head or U-tube heat exchanger
  • the novel baffle shell-and-tube fixed tube sheet heat exchanger of the present invention is referred to as ⁇ 1, including: a cylinder body 3 placed on the saddle 9, and a shell-side fluid inlet 7 and a shell-side fluid are respectively opened on the two sides of the cylinder body
  • the outlet 12 has a fixed tube plate 2 at both ends of the cylinder, and two tube boxes are respectively connected to the outside of the two tubes.
  • the two tubes are respectively provided with a tube-flow fluid port 13 and an outlet 8, respectively, and a heat exchange tube bundle 6 in the simplified body, the tube bundle Through the tube holes of a group of new baffles 4 and 5, the axes are fixed in parallel between the tube sheets, and the baffles are uniformly fixed in the axial direction by the pulling straw 11 and the distance dividing tube 10.
  • the distribution of the tube holes on the baffle plate is triangular, the fluid in the heat exchange medium is water, the inlet temperature is 20 ° C, the shell side fluid is C6 oil, and the inlet temperature is 120 ° C.
  • the inner diameter of the cylinder is 800mm; the heat exchange tube is ⁇ 25 ⁇ 2, the number of roots is 490, and it passes through 8 new baffles.
  • the thickness of the baffle is lOmni, and the distance between the centers of the two adjacent circular holes is 32mm.
  • the diameter of the tube hole is 25.8mm, the diameter of the large circular tube hole is 29.8mm, and the distance between the baffles is 660mm. 0
  • the temperature of the C6 oil drops to 8 (C after heat exchange).
  • the shell-side pressure drop is reduced by 25%, and the heat transfer efficiency of the clamp pressure drop is increased by 23%.
  • the circular tube holes of the above-mentioned novel baffle-shell type fixed tube-plate heat exchangers may also be arranged in a square shape, the diameter of the small circular tube holes is 25, 8 mm, and the diameter of the large circular tube holes is 27.8 mm or 33.8 mm. .
  • the novel baffle shell-and-tube type floating head heat exchanger of the present invention comprises: a cylinder 5 placed on the saddle 17, and a shell-side fluid inlet 4 and a shell-side fluid outlet 14 are respectively opened at the two ends of the cylinder 5 , cylinder 5 One end is connected to the fixed tube plate 3 through a flange, and the tube plate is respectively connected to the tube box 1 (left tube box), and the tube box 1 is respectively provided with a tube-flow fluid inlet 18 and an outlet 13 respectively, and the other end of the barrel 5 is passed through the flange and
  • the floating end pipe box 10 (right pipe box) is connected, and the floating head pipe box 10 has a floating head pipe plate 12, and the floating head pipe plate 12 is connected by the hook ring 13 and the floating head flange 11 and the floating head cover plate, and the heat transfer in the cylinder body 5 a tube bundle 9, baffles 6 and 7 and a baffle 15 at the center of the barrel 5, the baffle is perpendicular to the tube axis and
  • the distribution of the large and small tube holes on the baffle plate is triangular.
  • the heat transfer medium tube fluid is circulating oil slurry, the inlet temperature is 318 ° C, the shell side fluid is deoxidized water, and the inlet temperature is 200 ° C.
  • the inner diameter of the cylinder is 1600 legs; the heat exchange tube is ⁇ 25 ⁇ 2, 5, the number of roots is 1248, passing through 7 new baffles, the thickness of the baffle is 10mm, the distance between the centers of two adjacent circular holes 8 ⁇
  • the diameter of the small circular tube hole is 21.8 mm, the diameter of the large circular tube hole is 31. 8mm, and the distance between the baffles is 1000 legs.
  • the temperature of the circulating oil slurry dropped to 260 °C.
  • the shell pressure drop is reduced by 30%, and the heat transfer efficiency of the unit pressure drop is increased by 26%.
  • the circular tube holes of the above-mentioned novel baffle shell-and-tube type floating head heat exchanger can also be arranged in a square shape, the diameter of the small circular tube hole is 25.8 mm, and the diameter of the large circular tube hole is 27, 8 mm or 33.8 ram.
  • the novel baffle shell U-tube heat exchanger of the present invention is shown in Fig. 7, including: a cylinder 5 placed on the saddle 10, and a shell fluid inlet 4 and a shell side fluid are respectively opened at the two ends of the cylinder 5 At the outlet 9, the end of the cylinder 5 is connected to the fixed tube plate 3 through a flange, and the outer side of the tube plate is connected to the tube box 1 (left tube box), and the tube box 1 is divided into another tube
  • the pull rod 12 is fixed on the tube plate 3, and the baffles 6 and 7 are new baffles, each of which is baffled There are two kinds of circular tube holes of different sizes on the plate. The size of the circular tube holes of any one of the baffles is different from that of the adjacent baffles.
  • the tube bundle 8 passes through the tube holes of a group of new baffles 6 and 7. The axis is fixed in parallel on the fixed tube sheet 3. The distribution of the large and small tube holes on the baffle is square, the heat transfer medium tube fluid is circulating water, and the inlet temperature is
  • the process fluid is cumene, phenol, ethylbenzene, AMS, the inlet temperature is 1 10 D C.
  • the inner diameter of the cylinder is 450mm; the heat exchange tube is ⁇ 25 ⁇ 2.5, the number of roots is 60, through 46 new baffles, the thickness of the baffle is 5mm, the distance between the two adjacent circular holes is 32rnm, the diameter of the small circular hole is 4> 25.8mra, and the diameter of the large circular hole is ⁇ 33 personally8 ⁇ .
  • the baffle spacing is 100mm.
  • the heat transfer shell fluid temperature drops to 40 o C.
  • the shell-side pressure drop is reduced by 35%, and the heat transfer efficiency per unit pressure drop is increased by 30%.
  • the circular tube holes of the above-mentioned novel baffle shell-and-tube type tube heat exchangers may also be arranged in a triangular shape, the diameter of the small circular tube holes is ⁇ 25.8 mm, and the diameter of the large tube holes is 27.8 mm or 33.8 mm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Details Of Heat-Exchange And Heat-Transfer (AREA)

Description

一种管壳式换热器及其折流板
技术领域
本发明涉及一种管壳式换热器， 具体涉及一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 由于采用该折流板，从而将普通弓形折流板换热器売程的流体由穿过管束的横
Figure imgf000003_0001
背景技术
管壳式换热器具有可靠性髙、 适应性、 设计、 制造和使) ¾筒单等优点， 广 泛的应用于石油化工、 电力、 环保等工业领域。 管壳式换热器通常由管箱、 管 板、 壳体、 折流板、 换热管、 拉杼、 定距管及工艺接管等组成。 其中折流板除 在卧式换热器壳体内支撑管束外， 还起到使流体按特定的通道流动， 提高壳程 流体的流速、 增加湍流程度、 改善传热特性的作用。 根据换热器折流板的形状 和使流体在换热器壳体中流动通道的形式，现有的换热器折流板有弓形折流板 及螺旋折流板， 普通的弓形折流板为平板式的， 即圆形平板截成缺口弓形， 垂 直于换热器壳体和换热管轴线平行排放， 使流体在壳体内沿轴线形成迂回流 动， 这种平板式的弓形折流板引起壳程流体流动速度分布不尽合理， "死区" 较大， 有效流通面积较小， 流动阻力大。 螺旋折流板是将多块折流板沿壳体轴 线布置成近似螺旋面， 使换热器壳程流体呈螺旋状连续流动。 如中国专利
200320106763.1公开的螺旋折流板管壳式换热器， 由两块或四块扇形平板拼接 成近^螺旋面， 这类螺旋折流板虽然使流体流动形式最合理， 但是比弓形折流 板安装困难， 加工成本高， 精度难以保证， 不利于工业标准化， 且由多块扇形 平板拼接的螺旋流道存在漏流， 增加流体阻力。 本发明的目的是针对目前普通弓形折流板换热器存在的技术问题，提供 · 种新型折流板管壳式换热器，将普通弓形折流板换热器壳程的流体由穿过管束 的横流改变或部分改变为沿管束的流动， 以降低压力降， 减小传热 "死区"， 提高传热效率， 减缓管子振动和磨损。
本发明的新型折流板管壳式换热器， 包括固定管板式、 浮头式和 U形管式 换热器。
本发明的新型折流板管壳式固定管板换热器参见图 1，包括筒体 3，筒体 3 上两端分别开有壳程流体进口 7和壳程流体出口 12 ,筒体 3两端育固定管板 2， 两管板外侧分别连接两个管箱 1，两管箱 1上分别开有管程流体进口 13和出口 8 , 筒体 3中有换热管束 6和折流板 4和 5， 折流板垂直于管轴并由拉杆 11和 定距管 10沿轴向平行均布固定， 拉杆 1 1固定在管板 2上， 折流板为新型折流 板， 任何一块折流板的大圆形管孔和小圆形管孔按照常规技术分布， 且相邻两 折流板大小圆形管孔分布不同， 管束 6穿过一组新型折流板的管孔， 轴线平行 的固定于管板之间。 折流板可为有弓形缺口的圆板或无缺口的整圆板。 本发明 的新型折流板管壳式换热器工作时， 一种流体走管程， 另一种流体由壳程流体 进口管进入壳体后， 从第一块（按流动方向）折流板上的大孔间隙穿过， 改变 一定方向后进入第二块折流板的大孔间隙，然后再改变一定方向后进入第三块 折流板的大孔间隙， 依次穿过最后一块折流板后， 从壳程流体出口管流出， 与 管程流体完成热量交换； 折流板上的小孔对换热管有支撑作用。
在现育技术中， 筒体 3—般安放在鞍座 9上。本发明新型折流板管壳式固 定管板换热器中折流板上大小圆形管孔的分布可以是三角形的， 例如图 2、 图 3，也可以是正方形的。折流板小孔直径按换热器标准 GB151设计， 大孔直径根 据换热管直径不同而不同， 可比小孔直径大 2- 8腿。
本发明的新型折流板管壳式浮头换热器参见图 4， 包括筒体 5， 筒体 5两 端分别开有壳程流体进口 4和壳程流体出口 14 ,筒体 5—端通过法兰与固定管 板 3连接， 管板外侧连接管箱 1_ (左管箱） ， 管箱 1上分别开有管程流体迸口 18和管程流体出口 2， 筒体 5另一端通过浮头法兰 11与浮头端管箱 10 (右管 箱） 连接， 浮头端管箱 10内有浮头管板 12， 浮头管板 12由钩圈 13和浮头法 兰 11与浮头盖板连接， 筒体 5中有换热管束 9、 折流板 6和 7和位于筒体 5 中心的挡管 15， 折流板垂直于管轴并由拉杆 16和定距管 8沿轴向平行均布固 定， 拉杆 16固定在管板 3上， 每块折流板上有大小不同的两种圆形管孔， 任 何一块折流板的大圆形管孔和小圆形管孔按照常规技术分布，且相邻两折流板 大小圆形管孔分布不同， 管束 9和挡管 15穿过一组新型折流板的管孔， 轴线 平行地固定于固定管板 3和浮头管板 12之间。 折流板可为有弓形缺口的圆板 或无缺口的整圆板。 本发明的新型折流板管壳式换热器工作时， 一种流体走管 程， 另一种流体由壳程流体进口管进入壳体后， 丛第一块（按流动方向）折流 板上的大圆形管孔间隙穿过，改变一定方向后迸入第二块折流板的大圆形管孔 间隙， 然后再改变一定方向后进入第三块折流板的大圆形管孔间隙， 依次穿过 最后一块折流板后， 壳程流体出□管流出， 与管程流体完成热量交换； 折流 板上的小圆形管孔对换热管有支撑作用。
在实际应用中， 筒体 5—般安放在鞍座 1 7上。 本发明新型折流板管壳式浮头 换热器中折流板上大小圆形管孔的分布可以是 角形的， 例如图 5、 图 6，也可 以是正方形的， 如图 8、 图 9。 折流板小圆形管孔直径按换热器标准 GB151设 计， 大圆形管孔直径根据换热管直径不同而不同， 可比小圆形管孔直径大
2 8
本发明的新型折流板管壳式 U形管换热器参见图 7， 包括筒体 5， 筒体 5 两端分别开有壳程流体进口 4和壳程流体出口 9， 筒体 5—端通过法兰与固定 管板 3连接，管板外侧连接管箱 1，管箱 1上分别开有管程流体进口 13和出口 2， 筒体 5中有 U形管束 8和折流板 6和 7， 折流板垂直于管轴并由拉杆 12和 定距管 11沿轴向平行均布固定， 拉杆 12固定在管板 3上， 每块折流板上有大 小不同的两种圆形管孔，任何一块折流板的大圆形管孔和小圆形管孔按照常规 技术分布， 且相邻两折流板大小圆形管孔分布不同， 管束 8穿过一组新型折流 板的管孔， 轴线平行地固定在固定管板 3上。折流板可为有弓形缺口的圆板或 无缺口的整圆板。本发明的新型折流板管壳式换热器工作时，一种流体走管程， 另一种流体由壳程流体进口管进入壳体后， 从第一块（按流动方向）折流板上 的大圆形管孔间隙穿过， 改变一定方向后进入第二块折流板的大圆形管孔间 隙， 然后再改变一定方向后进入第三块折流板的大圆形管孔问隙， 依次穿过最 后一块折流板后， 从壳程流体出口管流出， 与管程流体完成热量交换； 折流板 上的小圆形管孔对换热管有支撑作用。
在现有技术中，筒体 5—般安放在鞍座 10上。本发明新型折流板管壳式 U 形管换热器中折流板上大小圓形管孔的分布可以是三角形的， 惋如图 5、 图 6, 也可以是正方形的， 如图 8、 圏 9。折流板小圆形管孔直径按换热器标准 GB151 设计， 大圆形管孔直径根据换热管直径不同面不同， 比小圆形管孔直径大 2 -8mm。
本发明的效果；本发明将普通弓形折流板换热器壳程的流体由穿过管束的 横流改变或部分改变为沿管束的流动， 明显减小了压力降， 同日 ί， 也减小了传 热 "死区"， 提高了传热效率， 减缓了管子振动和磨损。 对于同样换热介质、 同样规格和型式的换热器，本发明提供的新型折流板管壳式换热器比普通的弓 形折流板换热器壳程压力降下降 25-35%，单位压力降的换热效率提高 20 30%, 同时保持了弓形折流板加工、 安装方便， 适宜标准化， 成本低的优势。 附图说明
图 1 新型折流板管壳式固定管板换热器结构图
图 1中， ί为管箱， 2为管板， 3为筒体， 4和 5为折流板， 6为换热管束， 7为壳程流体进口， 8为管程流体出 9为鞍座， 0为定距管， 11为拉杆， 12为壳程流体出口， 13为管程流体进口。
图 2新型折流板管売式固定管板换热器中某一块折流板上大小不同的两种 圆形管孔三角形排列分布示意图
图 3新型折流板管壳式固定管板换热器中相邻折流板上大小不同的两种圆 形管孔三角形排列分布示意图
图 4 新型折流板管壳式浮头换热器结构图
图 4中， 1为左管箱， 2为管程流体出口， 3为管板， 4为壳程流体进口， 5为筒体， 6和 7为折流板， 8为定距管， 9为换热管， 1(3为右管箱， 1 1为浮 头法兰， 12为浮头管板， 为钩圈， 14为壳程流体出口， 15为挡管， 16为拉 杆， 17为鞍座， 18为管程流体进口。
图 5 新型折流板管壳式浮头或 U形管换热器中某一块折流板上大小不同 的两种圆形管孔三角形排列的分布示意图
图 6 新型折流板管壳式浮头或 U形管换热器中相邻折流板上大小不同的 两种圆形管孔≡角形排列分布示意图
图 7 新型折流板管壳式 U形管换热器结构图
图 7中， 1为管箱， 2为管程流体出口， 3为管板， 4为壳程流体进口， 5 为筒体， 6和 7为折流板， 8为换热管， 9为壳程流体出口， 10为鞍座， 11为 定距管， i2为拉杆， 13为管程流体进口。
图 8 新型折流板管壳式浮头或 U形管换热器中某一块折流板上大小不同 的两种圆形管孔正方形排列的分布示意图
图 9新型折流板管壳式浮头或 U形管换热器中相邻折流板上大小不同的两 种圆形管孔正方形排列分布示意图
具体实施方式- 下面用实施例对本发明进一步说明。 但本发明不限于以下实施例。
实施例 1
本发明新型折流板管壳式固定管板换热器参见圏 1 , 包括： 安放在鞍座 9 上的筒体 3， 筒体上两端侧面分别开有壳程流体进口 7和壳程流体出口 12， 筒 体两端有固定管板 2， 两管板外侧分别连接两个管箱 L 两管箱上分别开有管 程流体迸口 13和出口 8， 简体中有换热管束 6， 管束穿过一组新型折流板 4和 5的管孔， 轴线平行的固定于管板之间， 折流板由拉秆 11和定距管 10沿轴向 均布固定。 折流板上管孔的分布是三角形的， 换热介质管程流体为水， 进口温 度为 20°C， 壳程流体为 C6油， 进口温度为 120°C。 筒体内径为 800mm; 换热 管为 Φ 25 Χ 2, 根数为 490, 穿过 8个新型折流板， 折流板厚度为 lOmni, 相邻 两圆孔中心连线距离为 32mm， 小圆形管孔直径为 25.8mm， 大圆形管孔直径 为 29.8mm, 折流板间距为 660mm 0 换热后 C6油温度下降到 8( C。
与普通弓形折流板固定管板换热器相比， 壳程压力降下降 25%， 荦位压力 降的换热效率提高 23%。
上述新型折流板管壳式固定管板换热器的大小圆形管孔也可以呈正方形 排布， 小圆形管孔直径为 25,8mm, 大圆形管孔直径为 27.8mm或 33.8mm。 实施列 2
本发明的新型折流板管壳式浮头换热器参见图 4， 包括： 安放在鞍座 17 上的筒体 5， 筒体 5两端分别开有壳程流体进口 4和壳程流体出口 14， 筒体 5 一端通过法兰与固定管板 3连接， 管板外倒连接管箱 1 (左管箱） ， 管箱 1上 分别开有管程流体进口 18和出口 13，筒体 5另一端通过法兰与浮头端管箱 10 (右管箱） 连接， 浮头端管箱 10内有浮头管板 12 , 浮头管板 12由钩圈 13和 浮头法兰 11与浮头盖板连接，筒体 5中有换热管束 9、折流板 6和 7和位于筒 体 5中心的挡管 15， ， 折流板垂直于管轴并由拉杼 16和定距管 8沿轴向平行 均布固定， 拉杆 16固定在管板 3上， 折流板 6和 7为新型折流板， 每块折流 板上有大小不同的两种圆形管孔，任何一块折流板的大小圆形管孔分布和相邻 折流板不同， 管束 9和挡管 15穿过一组新型折流板 6和 7的管孔， 轴线平行 地固定于固定管板 3和浮头管板 12之间。 折流板上大小圆形管孔的分布是三 角形的， 换热介质管程流体为循环油浆， 进口温度为 318°C， 壳程流体为脱氧 水，进口温度为 200°C。筒体内径为 1600腿;换热管为 Φ 25 Χ 2, 5, 根数为 1248， 穿过 7个新型折流板， 折流板厚度为 10mm， 相邻两圆形管孔中心连线距离为 32mm，小圆形管孔直径为 25. 8min, 大圆形管孔直径为 31. 8mm, 折流板间距为 1000腿。 换热后循环油浆温度下降到 260°C。
与同样结构的普通弓形折流板浮头换热器相比， 壳程压力降下降 30% , 单 位压力降的换热效率提高 26%。
上述新型折流板管壳式浮头换热器的大小圆形管孔也可以呈正方形排布， 小圆形管孔直径为 25.8mm, 大圆形管孔直径为 27,8mm或 33.8ram。
实施例 3
本发明的新型折流板管壳式 U形管换热器参见图 7， 包括； 安放在鞍座 10 上的筒体 5， 筒体 5两端分别开有壳程流体进口 4和壳程流体出口 9， 筒体 5 一端通过法兰与固定管板 3连接， 管板外側连接管箱 1 (左管箱） ， 管箱 1上 分另 i|开有管程流体进口 13和出口 2， 简体 5中有 U形管束 8和折流板 6和 7， 折流板垂直于管轴并由拉杼 12和定距管 11沿轴向平行均布固定， 拉杆 12固 定在管板 3上， 折流板 6和 7为新型折流板， 每块折流板上有大小不同的两种 圆形管孔， 任何一块折流板的大小圆形管孔分布和相邻折流板不同， 管束 8穿 过一组新型折流板 6和 7的管孔， 轴线平行地固定在固定管板 3上。折流板上 大小圆形管孔的分布是正方形的， 换热介质管程流体为循环水， 进口温度为
30°(：, 売程流体为异丙苯、 酚、 乙苯、 AMS， 进口温度为 1 10DC。 筒体内径为 450mm; 换热管为 Φ 25 Χ 2.5, 根数为 60， 穿过 46个新型折流板， 折流板厚度 为 5mm, 相邻两圆形管孔中心连线距离为 32rnm,小圆形管孔直径 4> 25.8mra， 大圆形管孔直径 Φ 33„8πιπι, 折流板间距为 100mm。 换热壳程流体温度下降到 40oC。
与同样结构的普通弓形折流板 U形管换热器相比， 壳程压力降下降 35%， 单位压力降的换热效率提髙 30%。
上述新型折流板管壳式 υ 形管换热器的大小圆形管孔也可以呈三角形排 布， 小圆形管孔直径 Φ 25.8mm, 大,形管孔直径 27.8mm或 33.8mm。

Claims

一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 为固定管板换热器， 包括筒体 （3) , 筒体 3上两端 分别开有壳程流体迸口 (7)和壳程流体出口 (12)， 筒体 (3)两端有固定管板 (2)， 两固定管板 （2)外侧分别连接两个管箱 （1) , 两管箱 （1) 上分别开有管程流体进 口 （B) 和出口 （8) , 筒体 (3) 中有换热管束 （6) 和折流板 （5) , 折流板垂直 于管轴并由拉枰 (11) 和定距管 （10) 沿轴向平行均布固定， 拉杆 〔： il) 固定在管 板 （2) 上， 其特征在于， 所述折流板上设置有大圆形管孔和小圆形管孔， 任何一块 折流板的大圆形管孔和小圆形管？ L按照常规技术分布， 且相邻两折流板大小圆形管 孔分布不同， 管束 （6) 穿过一组折流板的管孔， 轴线平行的固定于管板 （2) 之间； 折流板为有弓形缺口的圆板或无缺口的整圆板。
按照权利要求 i 的一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 其特征在于折流板小圆形管孔直 径按换热器标准 GB151设计， 大圆形管孔直径根据换热管直径不同面不同， 比小圆 形管孔直径大 28mm。
按照权利要求 1 的一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 其特征在于， 所述大圆形管孔和 小圆形管孔的分布为三角形或正方形。
一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 为浮头涣热器， 包括筒体 （5) , 筒偉 (5) 两端分 别开有壳程流体进口 （4)和壳程流体出口 （14) , 筒体（5)—端通过浮头法兰 (11) 与固定管板 (3) 连接, 固定管板 (3) 外侧连接管箱 (1) , 管箱 (1) 上分别开有 管程流体进口 （18) 和管程流体出口 （2) , 筒体 （5) 另一端通过浮头法兰 （11) 与浮头端管箱 (10)连接， 筒体 (5) 中有换热管束（9)和折流板 (6) ' 折流板 (5) 垂直于管轴并由拉杆 （16) 和定距管 （8) 沿轴向平行均布固定， 拉秆 (16) 固定在 管板 （3) 上， 其特征在于， 所述折流板上设置有大圆形管孔和小圆形管孔， 任何一 块折流板的大圆形管孔和小圆形管孔按照常规技术分布， 且相邻两折流板大小圆形 管孔分布不同， 管束 （9) 穿过一组无缺口折流板的管孔， 轴线平行地固定于固定管 板 〔3) 和浮头管板 〔12) 之间； 折流板为有弓形缺口的圆板或无缺 Π的整圆板。 按照权利要求 4 的一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 其特征在于折流板小圆形管孔直 径按换热器标准 GB151设计， 大圆形管孔直径根据换热管直径不同面不同， 比小圆 形管孔直径大 2- 8mm。
按照权利要求 4 的一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 其特征在于， 所述大圆形管孔和 小圆形管孔的分布为三角形或正方形。
一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 为 U形管换热器， 包括筒体 （5) , 筒体 （5) 两端 分别幵有壳程流体迸□ (4) 和壳程流体出□ (9) ， 筒体 (5) 一端通过法兰与固定 管板 (3)连接， 管板外侧连接管箱（1) , 管箱（1) 上分别开有管程流体进口 (13) 和出口 （2) , 筒体 （5) 中有 U形管束 （8) 和折流板 （6) , 折流板 （6) 垂直于管 轴并 拉柠 (12)和定距管（11)沿轴向平行均布固定， 拉杆（12) 固定在管板（3) 上， 其特征在于， 所述折流板上设置有大圆形管孔和小圆形管孔， 任何一块折流板 的大圆形管孔和小圆形管孔按照常规技术分布， 且相邻两折流板大小圆形管孔分布 不同， 管束 （8) 穿过无缺 ΓΙ折流板的管孔， 轴线平行地固定在固定管板 （3) 上； 折流板为有弓形缺口的圆板或无缺口的整圆板。
按照权利要求 7 的一种新型折流板管壳式换热器， 其特征在于， 所述小圆形管孔直 径按换热器标准 GB151设计， 大圆形管孔直径根据换热管直径不同而不同， 比小圆 形管孔直径大 28mm。
按照权利要求 7 的一种新型折流扳管壳式换热器， 其特征在于， 所述大圆形管孔和 小圆形管孔的分布为三角形或正方形。
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