WO2011059025A1 - Recharging device and recharging method - Google Patents

Recharging device and recharging method Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011059025A1
WO2011059025A1 PCT/JP2010/070106 JP2010070106W WO2011059025A1 WO 2011059025 A1 WO2011059025 A1 WO 2011059025A1 JP 2010070106 W JP2010070106 W JP 2010070106W WO 2011059025 A1 WO2011059025 A1 WO 2011059025A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
charging
time
secondary battery
start time
capacity
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PCT/JP2010/070106
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French (fr)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
飯田　崇
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三洋電機株式会社
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Publication of WO2011059025A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011059025A1/en

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/10—Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles characterised by the energy transfer between the charging station and the vehicle
    • B60L53/11—DC charging controlled by the charging station, e.g. mode 4
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069—Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/007—Regulation of charging or discharging current or voltage
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/02—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from ac mains by converters
    • H02J7/04—Regulation of charging current or voltage
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L2250/00—Driver interactions
    • B60L2250/20—Driver interactions by driver identification
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
    • H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
    • H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/80—Technologies aiming to reduce greenhouse gasses emissions common to all road transportation technologies
    • Y02T10/92—Energy efficient charging or discharging systems for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors specially adapted for vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
    • Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a charging device and a charging method for charging a secondary battery.
  • Electric batteries use rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) such as lithium ion batteries.
  • secondary batteries such as lithium ion batteries.
  • charging is performed immediately after the state where charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery (chargeable state) until the fully charged state is reached, and the charging is stopped when the fully charged state is reached. It is common.
  • the lithium ion battery has a problem of storage deterioration (see Non-Patent Document 1).
  • the storage deterioration is a capacity deterioration (lifetime deterioration) that occurs in a battery in a fully charged state or a state close thereto, and the storage deterioration increases as the storage time from the fully charged state or a state close thereto starts discharge.
  • the charging method proposed in Patent Document 1 is an invention made from the viewpoint of suppressing the self-discharge of the secondary battery storing the charged power, and uses such an invention from the viewpoint of suppressing storage deterioration. It is not easy to come up with the idea of doing.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a charging device and a charging method that can suppress storage deterioration of a secondary battery and that have high responsiveness to irregular use of the secondary battery. To do.
  • the charging device includes a habitual use start time estimation unit that estimates a time when habitual use of the secondary battery starts from a use history of the secondary battery, and the secondary battery. From the time when the charging power can be supplied to the battery, the battery is charged toward the charging capacity for storage which is less than the full charge capacity and the storage capacity of the secondary battery is not deteriorated.
  • a charging unit that starts charging toward full charge and charges the secondary battery to be fully charged at the time estimated by the habitual use start time estimation unit.
  • the charging unit may not start charging toward the storage capacity for storage, but may immediately start charging toward full charge from the time when charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery.
  • the secondary battery may be a battery mounted on an automobile.
  • the usage history of the secondary battery may be recorded based on the state of the ignition key, the state of the car navigation system, or the remaining amount of the secondary battery.
  • the charging method includes a habitual use start time estimating step for estimating a time at which the use of the secondary battery is habitually started from a use history of the secondary battery, From the time when charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery, charging toward the charging capacity for storage which is less than the full charge capacity and the charging capacity is such that the storage deterioration of the secondary battery does not occur, Thereafter, charging for full charging is started, and charging is performed so that the secondary battery is fully charged at the time estimated by the habitual use start time estimation step.
  • the time at which the secondary battery is customarily used is estimated, and charging is performed so that the secondary battery is fully charged at the estimated time. Can be suppressed.
  • the charging capacity for storage that is less than the full charge capacity and that does not cause storage deterioration of the secondary battery. Therefore, the ability to cope with irregular use of the secondary battery is increased.
  • FIG. 1 It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the charging device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. It is a figure which shows the charge characteristic showing the relationship between the charge time of a secondary battery, and charge capacity. It is a state transition diagram of the charging part with which the charging device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is provided. It is a figure which shows the time change of the charging capacity of the secondary battery which the charging device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention charges. It is a figure which shows the time change of the charging capacity of a secondary battery at the time of implementing the conventional general charging method. It is a figure which shows the time change of the charging capacity of a secondary battery at the time of implementing the charging method proposed by patent document 1. FIG.
  • a charging device that charges a secondary battery mounted on an automobile such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle
  • FIG. 1 The structure of the charging device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown in FIG.
  • a charging device is a charging device for charging a secondary battery mounted on an automobile such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and includes an operation time recording unit 1 and a habitual use.
  • a start time estimation unit 2 a chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3, a full charge start time calculation unit 4, and a charging unit 5 are provided.
  • the operation time recording unit 1, the chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3, and the charging unit 5 have a clock function.
  • the operation time recording unit 1, the chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3, and the charging unit 5 may each have a clock function, but the operation time recording unit 1, the chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3 , And at least two of the charging units 5 may share the clock function.
  • the charging device according to one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 may be mounted on an automobile or may not be mounted on an automobile. In the case where the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a vehicle, the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Charging by such a charging device is performed. On the other hand, when the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is not mounted on the automobile, the charging according to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 is performed after the secondary battery is removed from the automobile. Charging by the apparatus may be performed, or charging may be performed by the charging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1 while the secondary battery is mounted on the automobile.
  • the driving time recording unit 1 records the driving start time and driving end time of the vehicle in year / month / day (hour unit), and outputs the recorded driving time to the habitual use start time estimating unit 2.
  • the driving time recording unit 1 determines the driving time based on, for example, the state of the ignition key, the state of the car navigation system, or the remaining amount of the secondary battery.
  • the time when the ignition key is turned from OFF to ON is set as the operation start time, and the time when the ignition key is changed from ON to OFF is set as the operation end time.
  • the time when the car navigation system is started is set as the driving start time
  • the time when the car navigation system is stopped is set as the driving end time.
  • the time when the amount of decrease in the remaining amount of the secondary battery per unit time exceeds a fixed threshold is set as the operation start time, and a certain time 2 after the start of operation.
  • the time when the certain time elapses when the remaining battery level does not change is defined as the operation end time.
  • the customary use start time estimation unit 2 customarily uses the secondary battery based on the combination of the operation start time and the operation end time received from the operation time recording unit 1 (in this embodiment, synchronizes with the driving of the automobile). ) Is started (customary use start time) T EF, and the estimated custom use start time T EF is output to the full charge start time calculation unit 4.
  • the habitual use start time estimation unit 2 estimates the habitual use start time in units of days, weeks, or months.
  • the daily customary use start time is, for example, an operation start time that overlaps K days or more in one week by overlapping operation start times for each day.
  • K is a fixed value obtained experimentally.
  • the customary use start time in units of weeks is, for example, overlapped operation start times for each specific day of the week to be an operation start time that overlaps L days or more in one month.
  • L is a fixed value obtained experimentally.
  • the customary usage start time for each month is, for example, an operation start time that overlaps M days or more in one year by overlapping operation start times for each specific day.
  • M is a fixed value obtained experimentally.
  • the operation start time may be excluded from the judgment materials for estimation by the habitual use start time estimation unit 2.
  • the operation time recording unit 1 may record only the operation start time without recording the operation end time.
  • Full charge start time computing unit 4 on the basis of the customary use start time T EF and the charge state transition time T SI, calculates the full time to start charging toward the charging (full charging start time) T SF, the and it outputs the calculated full-charge start time T SF to the charging unit 5.
  • the charging (full charging start time) T SF the full-charge start time T SF.
  • the battery pack connected to the charging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a memory, and the memory is a relationship between the charging time and the charging capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack. Is stored in advance (see FIG. 2).
  • Full charge start time computing unit 4 reads the data of the charging characteristics from the memory to determine the time ⁇ T it takes to charge the charge capacity W SF for storage until the full charge capacity W 100.
  • the storage charge capacity W SF is less than the full charge capacity W 100 and is a charge capacity that does not cause storage deterioration of the secondary battery in the battery pack, and is a fixed value determined experimentally. Then, the full-charge start time calculating unit 4 calculates the full-charge start time T SF using the following equation (1).
  • each time is a time from a predetermined time (for example, the date of manufacture of the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1) to each time. That's fine.
  • Charging unit 5 as described above, it receives a full charge starting time T SF from the fully charging start time calculation unit 4.
  • a state transition diagram of the charging unit 5 is shown in FIG.
  • a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a power source (for example, a commercial power source), and a battery including a secondary battery in the charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
  • a power source for example, a commercial power source
  • a battery including a secondary battery in the charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG.
  • the charging unit 5 is in a state where charging is suspended (charging suspension state) S1.
  • the charging unit 5 checks whether or not the secondary battery in the battery pack is fully charged. Whether or not the secondary battery in the battery pack is fully charged can be confirmed, for example, by detecting the voltage of the secondary battery. If the secondary battery in the battery pack is fully charged, the charging unit 5 maintains the charging suspension state S1. On the other hand, if the secondary battery is fully charged in the battery pack, the charging unit 5, the full-charge start time calculating unit fully charging start time T SF received from 4 checks whether matches the current time.
  • the charging unit 5 If they match the full charging start time T SF is the current time, the charging unit 5, and starts charging immediately toward full charge, the transition state is charging toward the fully charged (full charge in state) S3. On the other hand, if the full charge start time T SF is later than the current time, the charging unit 5 confirms whether the charge capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack is less than the storage charge capacity W SF .
  • the charge capacity of the secondary battery is less than the charge capacity W SF for storage in the battery pack, starts charging towards the charging capacity W SF for storage, and to charge toward the charge capacity W SF for storage a transition to the state (initial charge in state) S2 which are, if the charge capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack charge capacity W SF or for storage, maintaining the charge dormant S1.
  • the charge capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack reaches a charging capacity W SF for storage, the transition to the charging hibernation S1.
  • the time when the charge capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack reaches the storage charge capacity W SF coincides with the full charge start time T SF , the battery is not fully charged but is fully charged.
  • Transition to the middle state S3. 1 is connected to a power source (for example, a commercial power source), and the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a secondary battery. Even when the state where the pack is connected is canceled in the initial charging state S2, the state transits to the charging suspension state S1.
  • FIG. 4 shows temporal changes in the charge capacity of the secondary battery that is charged by the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Note that FIG. 4 shows a temporal change in the charge capacity when T SI ⁇ T EF ⁇ T.
  • FIG. 5 shows the change in the charging capacity of the battery over time, and the charging start timing (full charging start time T SF ) so that the battery is fully charged immediately before the set scheduled operation start time proposed in Patent Document 1.
  • FIG. 6 shows a temporal change in the charging capacity of the secondary battery when the charging method for controlling the battery is performed.
  • the charging is started toward the charge capacity W SF for immediate storage from the charging state transition time T SI, 2 battery
  • the overdischarge can be suppressed, and the effect of suppressing the life deterioration by suppressing the overdischarge is also exhibited.
  • the charging object of the charging device and the charging method according to the present invention is not limited to the lithium ion battery, and can be applied to all secondary batteries that may cause storage deterioration.
  • the secondary battery which is the charging target of the charging device and the charging method according to the present invention is not limited to those mounted on an automobile.
  • the time ⁇ T required for charging from the storage charge capacity W SF to the full charge capacity W 100 is secured in the period from the chargeable state transition time TSI to the customary use start time T EF. If it can not (for T SI ⁇ T EF - ⁇ T), was as charging is started toward the immediately fully charged from the charging state transition time T SI, instead of this, for example, charging state transition to detect the capacity of the secondary battery of time T SI, the sum of the charge capacity W SF time it takes to charge up to the said time ⁇ T for storage from the capacitance of the secondary battery of the chargeable state transition time T SI When the time cannot be secured in the period from the chargeable state transition time TSI to the habitual use start time TEF , the charging toward the full charge is started immediately from the chargeable state transition time TSI. Also good.
  • the full charge capacity is set to a value of 100%, but a value slightly less than 100% such as 95% may be set as the full charge capacity.
  • a value slightly less than 100% such as 95% may be set as the full charge capacity.
  • the charging characteristic indicating the relationship between the charging time and the charging capacity of the secondary battery is stored in the memory included in the battery pack, but the charging of the secondary battery to be charged on the charging device side is performed. You may make it memorize
  • rapid charging is not considered, but the charging device according to the present invention may be configured to be capable of rapid charging.
  • the quick charging may be automatically performed.
  • charging characteristics in rapid charging in addition to the charging characteristics shown in FIG. 2 (charging characteristics in normal charging), charging characteristics in rapid charging (charging that increases the charging current compared to normal charging) are also included in the battery pack. May be stored in advance on the memory or the charging device side.
  • the charging device since the charging characteristic representing the relationship between the charging time and the charging capacity of the secondary battery changes with the use of the secondary battery, the charging device according to the present invention has a learning function for the change of the charging characteristic. Also good. For example, the stored content related to the charging characteristics may be rewritten according to the usage history of the secondary battery, or the stored charging characteristics may be corrected and used.
  • the charging device according to the present invention is in a fully charged state immediately after the charging method performed by the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. It may be configured to have at least a mode in which a conventional general charging method is performed in which charging is performed until the battery is fully charged, and charging is stopped when the battery is fully charged, and the mode can be switched.

Abstract

Disclosed is a recharging device that is capable of alleviating degradation in charge holding by rechargeable batteries and also compensates well for irregular usage of rechargeable batteries. The recharging device comprises a customary use commencement time estimation unit (2) that estimates the time when the customary use of a rechargeable battery commences based on the usage history of the rechargeable battery, and a recharging unit (5) that recharges the rechargeable battery from the time that the recharging device is in the state of being capable of supplying an electrical charge to the rechargeable battery to the standby charge capacity that is the charge capacity that, while not a full charge, is such that the rechargeable battery will not experience degradation in standby capability, and thereafter commences recharging to full charge, recharging such that the rechargeable battery reaches full charge at the time estimated by the customary use commencement time estimation unit (2), i.e., the customary use commencement time.

Description

充電装置及び充電方法Charging apparatus and charging method
　本発明は、２次電池を充電する充電装置及び充電方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a charging device and a charging method for charging a secondary battery.
　電気自動車にはリチウムイオン電池などの繰り返し充放電を行う電池（２次電池）が使用されている。２次電池の充電においては、２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態（充電可能状態）になった直後から満充電状態になるまで充電していき、満充電状態になると充電を停止する方法が一般的である。 Electric batteries use rechargeable batteries (secondary batteries) such as lithium ion batteries. In the charging of the secondary battery, there is a method in which charging is performed immediately after the state where charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery (chargeable state) until the fully charged state is reached, and the charging is stopped when the fully charged state is reached. It is common.
　しかしながら、リチウムイオン電池には保存劣化という問題がある（非特許文献１参照）。保存劣化とは満充電状態あるいはそれに近い状態の電池に発生する容量劣化（寿命劣化）であり、満充電状態あるいはそれに近い状態から放電を開始するまでの保存時間が長いほど保存劣化が大きくなる。 However, the lithium ion battery has a problem of storage deterioration (see Non-Patent Document 1). The storage deterioration is a capacity deterioration (lifetime deterioration) that occurs in a battery in a fully charged state or a state close thereto, and the storage deterioration increases as the storage time from the fully charged state or a state close thereto starts discharge.
　このため、サンデードライバーのように充電完了後長時間運転しない場合、電気自動車に用いられているリチウムイオン電池の保存劣化が大きくなり、その結果、電池の寿命が短くなって電池の買い換え頻度が高くなってしまうという問題があった。 For this reason, when not driving for a long time after completion of charging like a Sunday driver, the storage deterioration of the lithium ion battery used in the electric vehicle is increased, resulting in a shorter battery life and a higher replacement frequency of the battery. There was a problem of becoming.
特許第３５５４０５７号公報Japanese Patent No. 3554057 特開２００９－２２０６１号公報JP 2009-22061 A
　このような保存劣化を抑制するためには、特許文献１で提案されている設定された運転開始予定時刻の直前に満充電になるように充電開始タイミングを制御する充電方法を採用することが考えられる。 In order to suppress such storage deterioration, it is conceivable to employ a charging method that controls the charging start timing so as to be fully charged immediately before the set scheduled operation start time proposed in Patent Document 1. It is done.
　しかしながら、特許文献１で提案されている充電方法は、充電電力を蓄えた２次電池が自己放電することを抑制する観点から成された発明であり、保存劣化を抑制する観点でかかる発明を利用するという考えに想到することは容易ではない。 However, the charging method proposed in Patent Document 1 is an invention made from the viewpoint of suppressing the self-discharge of the secondary battery storing the charged power, and uses such an invention from the viewpoint of suppressing storage deterioration. It is not easy to come up with the idea of doing.
　また、特許文献１で提案されている充電方法では、充電可能状態になってから設定された運転開始予定時刻になるまでの期間が長ければ長いほど、設定された運転開始予定時刻以前に緊急に電気自動車を使用する必要が生じた場合に２次電池の充電がほとんどできていない可能性が高くなり、電気自動車がほとんど走行できない可能性が高くなる。 Moreover, in the charging method proposed in Patent Document 1, the longer the period from when the charging is possible to the set scheduled operation start time is, the longer the emergency is before the set scheduled start time. When it becomes necessary to use an electric vehicle, there is a high possibility that the secondary battery is hardly charged, and there is a high possibility that the electric vehicle can hardly run.
　本発明は、上記の状況に鑑み、２次電池の保存劣化を抑制することができ、且つ、２次電池のイレギュラーな使用に対する対応力の高い充電装置及び充電方法を提供することを目的とする。 An object of the present invention is to provide a charging device and a charging method that can suppress storage deterioration of a secondary battery and that have high responsiveness to irregular use of the secondary battery. To do.
　上記目的を達成するために本発明に係る充電装置は、２次電池の使用履歴から前記２次電池の習慣的に使用を開始する時刻を推定する習慣的使用開始時刻推定部と、前記２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から、満充電容量未満であって前記２次電池の保存劣化が起きない程度の充電容量である保存用の充電容量に向かう充電を行い、その後、満充電に向かう充電を開始して前記習慣的使用開始時刻推定部によって推定された時刻に前記２次電池が満充電になるように充電を行う充電部とを備える構成とする。 In order to achieve the above object, the charging device according to the present invention includes a habitual use start time estimation unit that estimates a time when habitual use of the secondary battery starts from a use history of the secondary battery, and the secondary battery. From the time when the charging power can be supplied to the battery, the battery is charged toward the charging capacity for storage which is less than the full charge capacity and the storage capacity of the secondary battery is not deteriorated. A charging unit that starts charging toward full charge and charges the secondary battery to be fully charged at the time estimated by the habitual use start time estimation unit.
　また、上記構成の充電装置において、前記２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から前記習慣的使用開始時刻推定部によって推定された時刻までの時間が所定値より短い場合は、前記充電部が、保存用の充電容量に向かう充電を行わず、前記２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から直ちに満充電に向かう充電を開始するようにしてもよい。 In the charging device having the above configuration, when the time from the time when the charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery to the time estimated by the habitual use start time estimating unit is shorter than a predetermined value, The charging unit may not start charging toward the storage capacity for storage, but may immediately start charging toward full charge from the time when charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery.
　また、上記いずれかの構成の充電装置において、前記２次電池を自動車に搭載される電池にしてもよい。この場合、さらに、前記２次電池の使用履歴が、イグニッションキーの状態、カーナビゲーションシステムの状態、または前記２次電池の残量に基づいて記録されるようにしてもよい。 Further, in the charging device having any one of the configurations described above, the secondary battery may be a battery mounted on an automobile. In this case, the usage history of the secondary battery may be recorded based on the state of the ignition key, the state of the car navigation system, or the remaining amount of the secondary battery.
　また、上記目的を達成するために本発明に係る充電方法は、２次電池の使用履歴から前記２次電池の習慣的に使用を開始する時刻を推定する習慣的使用開始時刻推定ステップと、前記２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から、満充電容量未満であって前記２次電池の保存劣化が起きない程度の充電容量である保存用の充電容量に向かう充電を行い、その後、満充電に向かう充電を開始して前記習慣的使用開始時刻推定ステップによって推定された時刻に前記２次電池が満充電になるように充電を行う充電ステップとを備えるようにする。 In order to achieve the above object, the charging method according to the present invention includes a habitual use start time estimating step for estimating a time at which the use of the secondary battery is habitually started from a use history of the secondary battery, From the time when charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery, charging toward the charging capacity for storage which is less than the full charge capacity and the charging capacity is such that the storage deterioration of the secondary battery does not occur, Thereafter, charging for full charging is started, and charging is performed so that the secondary battery is fully charged at the time estimated by the habitual use start time estimation step.
　本発明によると、２次電池の習慣的に使用を開始する時刻が推定され、その推定された時刻に２次電池が満充電になるように充電が行われるので、２次電池の保存劣化を抑制することができる。 According to the present invention, the time at which the secondary battery is customarily used is estimated, and charging is performed so that the secondary battery is fully charged at the estimated time. Can be suppressed.
　また、本発明によると、２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から、満充電容量未満であって２次電池の保存劣化が起きない程度の充電容量である保存用の充電容量に向かう充電が行われるので、２次電池のイレギュラーな使用に対する対応力が高くなる。 Further, according to the present invention, from the time when charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery, the charging capacity for storage that is less than the full charge capacity and that does not cause storage deterioration of the secondary battery. Therefore, the ability to cope with irregular use of the secondary battery is increased.
本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the charging device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention. ２次電池の充電時間と充電容量の関係を表す充電特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the charge characteristic showing the relationship between the charge time of a secondary battery, and charge capacity. 本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が備える充電部の状態遷移図である。It is a state transition diagram of the charging part with which the charging device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is provided. 本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が充電を行う２次電池の充電容量の時間的な変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the time change of the charging capacity of the secondary battery which the charging device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention charges. 従来からの一般的な充電方法を実施した場合における２次電池の充電容量の時間的な変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the time change of the charging capacity of a secondary battery at the time of implementing the conventional general charging method. 特許文献１で提案されている充電方法を実施した場合における２次電池の充電容量の時間的な変化を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the time change of the charging capacity of a secondary battery at the time of implementing the charging method proposed by patent document 1. FIG.
　本発明の実施形態について図面を参照して以下に説明する。本発明に係る充電装置として、ここでは、電気自動車やハイブリッド車などの自動車に搭載される２次電池を充電する充電装置を例に挙げて説明する。
＜充電装置の構成＞
　本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置の構成を図１に示す。図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置は、電気自動車やハイブリッド車などの自動車に搭載される２次電池を充電する充電装置であって、運転時刻記録部１と、習慣的使用開始時刻推定部２と、充電可能状態移行時刻取得部３と、満充電開始時刻計算部４と、充電部５とを備えている。運転時刻記録部１、充電可能状態移行時刻取得部３、及び充電部５は時計機能を有している。なお、運転時刻記録部１、充電可能状態移行時刻取得部３、及び充電部５はそれぞれ個別に時計機能を有していてもよいが、運転時刻記録部１、充電可能状態移行時刻取得部３、及び充電部５の少なくとも２つが時計機能を共有するようにしてもよい。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. Here, as a charging device according to the present invention, a charging device that charges a secondary battery mounted on an automobile such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle will be described as an example.
<Configuration of charging device>
The structure of the charging device which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention is shown in FIG. A charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is a charging device for charging a secondary battery mounted on an automobile such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle, and includes an operation time recording unit 1 and a habitual use. A start time estimation unit 2, a chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3, a full charge start time calculation unit 4, and a charging unit 5 are provided. The operation time recording unit 1, the chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3, and the charging unit 5 have a clock function. The operation time recording unit 1, the chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3, and the charging unit 5 may each have a clock function, but the operation time recording unit 1, the chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3 , And at least two of the charging units 5 may share the clock function.
　図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置は、自動車に搭載される形態であってもよく、自動車に搭載されない形態であってもよい。図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が自動車に搭載される形態である場合には、自動車に２次電池を搭載した状態のままで図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置による充電が行われるようにする。一方、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が自動車に搭載されない形態である場合には、自動車から２次電池を取り外してから図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置による充電が行われるようにしてもよく、自動車に２次電池を搭載した状態のままで図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置による充電が行われるようにしてもよい。
＜運転時刻記録部＞
　運転時刻記録部１は、自動車の運転開始時刻と運転終了時刻を年月日時（時間単位）で記録し、その記録した運転時刻を習慣的使用開始時刻推定部２に出力する。運転時刻記録部１は、例えば、イグニッションキーの状態、カーナビゲーションシステムの状態、または２次電池の残量などに基づいて運転時刻を判断する。 The charging device according to one embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 may be mounted on an automobile or may not be mounted on an automobile. In the case where the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is mounted on a vehicle, the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Charging by such a charging device is performed. On the other hand, when the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is not mounted on the automobile, the charging according to the embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 1 is performed after the secondary battery is removed from the automobile. Charging by the apparatus may be performed, or charging may be performed by the charging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention illustrated in FIG. 1 while the secondary battery is mounted on the automobile.
<Operation time recording part>
The driving time recording unit 1 records the driving start time and driving end time of the vehicle in year / month / day (hour unit), and outputs the recorded driving time to the habitual use start time estimating unit 2. The driving time recording unit 1 determines the driving time based on, for example, the state of the ignition key, the state of the car navigation system, or the remaining amount of the secondary battery.
　イグニッションキーの状態に基づいて運転時刻を判断する場合は、イグニッションキーがＯＦＦからＯＮになった時刻を運転開始時刻とし、イグニッションキーがＯＮからＯＦＦになった時刻を運転終了時刻とする。 When determining the operation time based on the state of the ignition key, the time when the ignition key is turned from OFF to ON is set as the operation start time, and the time when the ignition key is changed from ON to OFF is set as the operation end time.
　カーナビゲーションシステムの状態に基づいて運転時刻を判断する場合は、カーナビゲーションシステムが起動した時刻を運転開始時刻とし、カーナビゲーションシステムが停止した時刻を運転終了時刻とする。 When determining the driving time based on the state of the car navigation system, the time when the car navigation system is started is set as the driving start time, and the time when the car navigation system is stopped is set as the driving end time.
　２次電池の残量に基づいて運転時刻を判断する場合は、２次電池の残量の単位時間当たりの減少量が固定の閾値を超えた時刻を運転開始時刻とし、運転開始後一定時間２次電池の残量が変動しなかったときの当該一定時間経過時点の時刻を運転終了時刻とする。 When determining the operation time based on the remaining amount of the secondary battery, the time when the amount of decrease in the remaining amount of the secondary battery per unit time exceeds a fixed threshold is set as the operation start time, and a certain time 2 after the start of operation. The time when the certain time elapses when the remaining battery level does not change is defined as the operation end time.
　運転時刻記録部１において、上記のようにして求めた運転開始時刻と運転終了時刻の組を１年分程度保存しておくことが望ましい。
＜習慣的使用開始時刻推定部＞
　習慣的使用開始時刻推定部２は、運転時刻記録部１から受け取った運転開始時刻と運転終了時刻の組に基づいて、習慣的に２次電池の使用（本実施形態では自動車の運転と同期する）を開始する時刻（習慣的使用開始時刻）ＴEFを推定し、その推定した習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFを満充電開始時刻計算部４に出力する。 In the operation time recording unit 1, it is desirable to store a set of the operation start time and the operation end time obtained as described above for about one year.
<Customary use start time estimation unit>
The customary use start time estimation unit 2 customarily uses the secondary battery based on the combination of the operation start time and the operation end time received from the operation time recording unit 1 (in this embodiment, synchronizes with the driving of the automobile). ) Is started (customary use start time) T EF, and the estimated custom use start time T EF is output to the full charge start time calculation unit 4.
　習慣的使用開始時刻推定部２は、習慣的使用開始時刻を、日単位、週単位または月単位で推定する。日単位の習慣的使用開始時刻は、例えば、各日ごとの運転開始時刻を重ね合わせ、一週間のうちでＫ日以上重なった運転開始時刻とする。Ｋは実験的に求めた固定値とする。また、週単位の習慣的使用開始時刻は、例えば、各特定の曜日ごとの運転開始時刻を重ね合わせ、一ヶ月のうちでＬ日以上重なった運転開始時刻とする。Ｌは実験的に求めた固定値とする。また、月単位の習慣的使用開始時刻は、例えば、各特定の日にちごとの運転開始時刻を重ね合わせ、一年のうちでＭ日以上重なった運転開始時刻とする。Ｍは実験的に求めた固定値とする。 The habitual use start time estimation unit 2 estimates the habitual use start time in units of days, weeks, or months. The daily customary use start time is, for example, an operation start time that overlaps K days or more in one week by overlapping operation start times for each day. K is a fixed value obtained experimentally. Moreover, the customary use start time in units of weeks is, for example, overlapped operation start times for each specific day of the week to be an operation start time that overlaps L days or more in one month. L is a fixed value obtained experimentally. In addition, the customary usage start time for each month is, for example, an operation start time that overlaps M days or more in one year by overlapping operation start times for each specific day. M is a fixed value obtained experimentally.
　また、或る運転終了時刻とそれに続く運転開始時刻との間隔が予め設定した所定値より小さい場合、アイドリングストップなどが実行されているだけであって一連の運転は継続しているものと判断し、その場合の運転開始時刻は習慣的使用開始時刻推定部２による推定の判断材料から除外するようにしてもよい。なお、このような処理を行わず、運転時刻記録部１が運転終了時刻を記録せずに運転開始時刻のみを記録するようにしてもよい。
＜充電可能状態移行時刻取得部＞
　充電可能状態移行時刻取得部３は、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が電源（例えば商用電源）に接続されており、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置に２次電池を含む電池パックが接続されている状態になった時刻、すなわち充電可能状態になった時刻（充電可能状態移行時刻）ＴSIを取得し、その充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIを満充電開始時刻計算部４に出力する。
＜満充電開始時刻計算部＞
　満充電開始時刻計算部４は、上述の通り、習慣的使用開始時刻推定部２から習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFを受け取り、充電可能状態移行時刻取得部３から充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIを受け取る。満充電開始時刻計算部４は、習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEF及び充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIに基づいて、満充電に向かう充電を開始する時刻（満充電開始時刻）ＴSFを算出し、その算出した満充電開始時刻ＴSFを充電部５に出力する。以下、満充電開始時刻ＴSFの具体的な算出例について説明する。 Further, when the interval between a certain operation end time and the subsequent operation start time is smaller than a predetermined value set in advance, it is determined that the idling stop is only executed and the series of operations is continued. In such a case, the operation start time may be excluded from the judgment materials for estimation by the habitual use start time estimation unit 2. Note that without performing such processing, the operation time recording unit 1 may record only the operation start time without recording the operation end time.
<Chargeable state transition time acquisition unit>
In the chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3, the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a power source (for example, a commercial power source), and charging according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. The time when the battery pack including the secondary battery is connected to the apparatus, that is, the time when the chargeable state (chargeable state transition time) TSI is obtained, and the chargeable state transition time TSI is obtained. Output to the full charge start time calculator 4.
<Full charge start time calculation unit>
Fully charging start time calculation unit 4, as described above, it receives the habitual use start time T EF from habitual use start time estimation unit 2, receives the chargeable state transition time T SI from the chargeable state transition time acquisition unit 3 . Full charge start time computing unit 4 on the basis of the customary use start time T EF and the charge state transition time T SI, calculates the full time to start charging toward the charging (full charging start time) T SF, the and it outputs the calculated full-charge start time T SF to the charging unit 5. Hereinafter, a description will be given of a specific example of calculation of the full charge start time T SF.
　本実施形態では、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置に接続される電池パックがメモリを含んでおり、そのメモリが電池パック内の２次電池の充電時間と充電容量の関係を表す充電特性（図２参照）をあらかじめ記憶している。満充電開始時刻計算部４は、当該メモリから充電特性のデータを読み出し、保存用の充電容量ＷSFから満充電容量Ｗ100まで充電するのにかかる時間ΔＴを求める。保存用の充電容量ＷSFは、満充電容量Ｗ100未満であって、電池パック内の２次電池の保存劣化が起きない程度の充電容量であり、実験的に決めた固定値である。そして、満充電開始時刻計算部４は、下記の（１）式を用いて満充電開始時刻ＴSFを算出する。これにより、保存用の充電容量ＷSFから満充電容量Ｗ100まで充電するのにかかる時間ΔＴを充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFまでの期間で確保することができる場合（ＴSI＜ＴEF－ΔＴの場合）は、習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFから上記時間ΔＴだけ手前の時点で満充電に向かう充電が開始され、上記時間ΔＴを充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFまでの期間で確保することができない場合（ＴSI≧ＴEF－ΔＴの場合）は、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから直ちに満充電に向かう充電が開始されることになる。 In the present embodiment, the battery pack connected to the charging apparatus according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a memory, and the memory is a relationship between the charging time and the charging capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack. Is stored in advance (see FIG. 2). Full charge start time computing unit 4 reads the data of the charging characteristics from the memory to determine the time ΔT it takes to charge the charge capacity W SF for storage until the full charge capacity W 100. The storage charge capacity W SF is less than the full charge capacity W 100 and is a charge capacity that does not cause storage deterioration of the secondary battery in the battery pack, and is a fixed value determined experimentally. Then, the full-charge start time calculating unit 4 calculates the full-charge start time T SF using the following equation (1). This makes it possible to secure the time ΔT required for charging from the storage charge capacity W SF to the full charge capacity W 100 in the period from the chargeable state transition time TSI to the customary use start time TEF. (When T SI <T EF −ΔT), charging toward full charge is started at the time before the time ΔT from the customary use start time T EF, and the time ΔT is calculated from the chargeable state transition time T SI. If it cannot be secured in the period until the customary use start time T EF (when T SI ≧ T EF −ΔT), charging toward full charge starts immediately from the chargeable state transition time T SI. Become.
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-M000001
　なお、上記の（１）式においては、各時刻を所定の時刻（例えば、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置の製造年月日時）から各時刻に至るまでの時間とすればよい。
＜充電部＞
　充電部５は、上述の通り、満充電開始時刻計算部４から満充電開始時刻ＴSFを受け取る。充電部５は、満充電開始時刻ＴSFに基づいて、電池パック内の２次電池の充電を制御する。ここで、充電部５の状態遷移図を図３に示す。 In the above equation (1), each time is a time from a predetermined time (for example, the date of manufacture of the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1) to each time. That's fine.
<Charging section>
Charging unit 5, as described above, it receives a full charge starting time T SF from the fully charging start time calculation unit 4. Charging unit 5, based on the full charge start time T SF, controls the charging of the secondary battery in the battery pack. Here, a state transition diagram of the charging unit 5 is shown in FIG.
　まず、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が電源（例えば商用電源）に接続されており、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置に２次電池を含む電池パックが接続されている状態になる前は、充電部５は充電を休止している状態（充電休止状態）Ｓ１である。 First, a charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 is connected to a power source (for example, a commercial power source), and a battery including a secondary battery in the charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Before the pack is connected, the charging unit 5 is in a state where charging is suspended (charging suspension state) S1.
　次に、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIになると、充電部５は、電池パック内の２次電池が満充電であるか否かを確認する。電池パック内の２次電池が満充電であるか否かの確認は、例えば２次電池の電圧を検出することにより行うことができる。電池パック内の２次電池が満充電であれば、充電部５は充電休止状態Ｓ１を維持する。一方、電池パック内の２次電池が満充電でなければ、充電部５は、満充電開始時刻計算部４から受け取った満充電開始時刻ＴSFが現在時刻と一致するか否かを確認する。 Next, when the chargeable state transition time TSI is reached, the charging unit 5 checks whether or not the secondary battery in the battery pack is fully charged. Whether or not the secondary battery in the battery pack is fully charged can be confirmed, for example, by detecting the voltage of the secondary battery. If the secondary battery in the battery pack is fully charged, the charging unit 5 maintains the charging suspension state S1. On the other hand, if the secondary battery is fully charged in the battery pack, the charging unit 5, the full-charge start time calculating unit fully charging start time T SF received from 4 checks whether matches the current time.
　満充電開始時刻ＴSFが現在時刻と一致すれば、充電部５は、直ちに満充電に向かう充電を開始し、満充電に向かう充電を行っている状態（満充電中状態）Ｓ３に遷移する。一方、満充電開始時刻ＴSFが現在時刻より後であれば、充電部５は、電池パック内の２次電池の充電容量が保存用の充電容量ＷSF未満であるかを確認する。電池パック内の２次電池の充電容量が保存用の充電容量ＷSF未満であれば、保存用の充電容量ＷSFに向かう充電を開始し、保存用の充電容量ＷSFに向かう充電を行っている状態（初期充電中状態）Ｓ２に遷移し、電池パック内の２次電池の充電容量が保存用の充電容量ＷSF以上であれば、充電休止状態Ｓ１を維持する。 If they match the full charging start time T SF is the current time, the charging unit 5, and starts charging immediately toward full charge, the transition state is charging toward the fully charged (full charge in state) S3. On the other hand, if the full charge start time T SF is later than the current time, the charging unit 5 confirms whether the charge capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack is less than the storage charge capacity W SF . If the charge capacity of the secondary battery is less than the charge capacity W SF for storage in the battery pack, starts charging towards the charging capacity W SF for storage, and to charge toward the charge capacity W SF for storage a transition to the state (initial charge in state) S2 which are, if the charge capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack charge capacity W SF or for storage, maintaining the charge dormant S1.
　初期充電中状態Ｓ２において、電池パック内の２次電池の充電容量が保存用の充電容量ＷSFに達すると、充電休止状態Ｓ１に遷移する。ただし、電池パック内の２次電池の充電容量が保存用の充電容量ＷSFに達した時点の時刻が満充電開始時刻ＴSFと一致している場合は、充電休止状態Ｓ１ではなく、満充電中状態Ｓ３に遷移する。また、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が電源（例えば商用電源）に接続されており、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置に２次電池を含む電池パックが接続されている状態が初期充電中状態Ｓ２において解除された場合も、充電休止状態Ｓ１に遷移する。 In the initial charge in state S2, the charge capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack reaches a charging capacity W SF for storage, the transition to the charging hibernation S1. However, if the time when the charge capacity of the secondary battery in the battery pack reaches the storage charge capacity W SF coincides with the full charge start time T SF , the battery is not fully charged but is fully charged. Transition to the middle state S3. 1 is connected to a power source (for example, a commercial power source), and the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a secondary battery. Even when the state where the pack is connected is canceled in the initial charging state S2, the state transits to the charging suspension state S1.
　満充電中状態Ｓ３において、電池パック内の２次電池が満充電になると、充電休止状態Ｓ１に遷移する。また、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が電源（例えば商用電源）に接続されており、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置に２次電池を含む電池パックが接続されている状態が満充電中状態Ｓ３において解除された場合も、充電休止状態Ｓ１に遷移する。
＜２次電池の充電容量の時間的な変化＞
　上記のような構成及び動作の図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が充電を行う２次電池の充電容量の時間的な変化を図４に示す。なお、図４では、ＴSI＜ＴEF－ΔＴの場合における充電容量の時間的な変化を示している。 In the fully charged state S3, when the secondary battery in the battery pack is fully charged, the state transits to the charging suspension state S1. 1 is connected to a power source (for example, a commercial power source), and the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 includes a secondary battery. Even when the state where the pack is connected is released in the fully charged state S3, the state transits to the charging suspended state S1.
<Change in charging capacity of secondary battery over time>
FIG. 4 shows temporal changes in the charge capacity of the secondary battery that is charged by the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. Note that FIG. 4 shows a temporal change in the charge capacity when T SI <T EF −ΔT.
　また、比較のために、充電可能状態になった直後から満充電状態になるまで充電していき、満充電状態になると充電を停止する従来からの一般的な充電方法を実施した場合における２次電池の充電容量の時間的な変化を図５に示し、特許文献１で提案されている設定された運転開始予定時刻の直前に満充電になるように充電開始タイミング（満充電開始時刻ＴSF）を制御する充電方法を実施した場合における２次電池の充電容量の時間的な変化を図６に示す。 For comparison, the secondary charging in the case of carrying out a conventional general charging method in which charging is performed immediately after the charging becomes possible until the full charging state is reached, and charging is stopped when the full charging state is reached. FIG. 5 shows the change in the charging capacity of the battery over time, and the charging start timing (full charging start time T SF ) so that the battery is fully charged immediately before the set scheduled operation start time proposed in Patent Document 1. FIG. 6 shows a temporal change in the charging capacity of the secondary battery when the charging method for controlling the battery is performed.
　充電可能状態になった直後から満充電状態になるまで充電していき、満充電状態になると充電を停止する従来からの一般的な充電方法を実施した場合、満充電状態になってから習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFがくるまでの時間が長いため、２次電池の保存劣化が大きくなってしまう。これに対して、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が充電を行う場合、習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFにちょうど満充電になるように充電が行われるので、２次電池の保存劣化を抑制することができる。 Charging until it becomes fully charged right after it becomes fully chargeable and stops charging when it reaches full charge. Since the time until the use start time T EF is long, the storage deterioration of the secondary battery is increased. On the other hand, when the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 performs charging, charging is performed so as to be fully charged at the habitual use start time TEF . Storage deterioration can be suppressed.
　また、特許文献１で提案されている設定された運転開始予定時刻の直前に満充電になるように充電開始タイミング（満充電開始時刻ＴSF）を制御する充電方法を実施した場合、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから満充電開始時刻ＴSFまでの期間は充電が行われないため、かかる期間において２次電池がイレギュラーに使用されると対応できない可能性が高い。これに対して、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が充電を行う場合、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから直ちに保存用の充電容量ＷSFに向かう充電が開始されるので、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから満充電開始時刻ＴSFまでの期間において２次電池がイレギュラーに使用されても対応できる可能性が高い。さらに、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が充電を行う場合、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから直ちに保存用の充電容量ＷSFに向かう充電が開始されるので、２次電池の過放電を抑制することもでき、過放電を抑制することによる寿命劣化抑制という効果も奏する。 Further, when the charging method proposed in Patent Document 1 for controlling the charge start timing (full charge start time T SF ) so as to be fully charged immediately before the set scheduled operation start time is performed, the chargeable state since the period from the transition time T SI up to the full charging start time T SF charging is not performed, the secondary battery in this period is not likely to be associated with the use irregularly. In contrast, if the charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 to charge, the charging toward the charge capacity W SF for immediate storage from the charging state transition time T SI is started, 2 battery is likely to respond also be used in the irregular in the period from the charging state transition time T SI up to the full charging start time T SF. Furthermore, if the charging device according to an embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. 1 to charge, the charging is started toward the charge capacity W SF for immediate storage from the charging state transition time T SI, 2 battery The overdischarge can be suppressed, and the effect of suppressing the life deterioration by suppressing the overdischarge is also exhibited.
　以上、本発明に係る実施形態について説明したが、本発明の範囲はこれに限定されるものではなく、発明の主旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更を加えて実行することができる。変更のいくつかの例を以下に示す。 The embodiment according to the present invention has been described above, but the scope of the present invention is not limited to this, and various modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Some examples of changes are shown below.
　本発明に係る充電装置及び充電方法の充電対象は、リチウムイオン電池に限定されることはなく、保存劣化が起こるおそれがある２次電池全般に適用することができる。また、本発明に係る充電装置及び充電方法の充電対象である２次電池は、自動車搭載用のものに限定されない。 The charging object of the charging device and the charging method according to the present invention is not limited to the lithium ion battery, and can be applied to all secondary batteries that may cause storage deterioration. Moreover, the secondary battery which is the charging target of the charging device and the charging method according to the present invention is not limited to those mounted on an automobile.
　上述した実施形態では、保存用の充電容量ＷSFから満充電容量Ｗ100まで充電するのにかかる時間ΔＴを充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFまでの期間で確保することができない場合（ＴSI≧ＴEF－ΔＴの場合）に、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから直ちに満充電に向かう充電が開始されるようにしたが、これに代えて、例えば、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIの２次電池の容量を検出するようにし、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIの２次電池の容量から保存用の充電容量ＷSFまで充電するのにかかる時間と上記時間ΔＴとの合計時間を充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFまでの期間で確保することができない場合に、充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから直ちに満充電に向かう充電が開始されるようにしてもよい。 In the above-described embodiment, the time ΔT required for charging from the storage charge capacity W SF to the full charge capacity W 100 is secured in the period from the chargeable state transition time TSI to the customary use start time T EF. If it can not (for T SI ≧ T EF -ΔT), was as charging is started toward the immediately fully charged from the charging state transition time T SI, instead of this, for example, charging state transition to detect the capacity of the secondary battery of time T SI, the sum of the charge capacity W SF time it takes to charge up to the said time ΔT for storage from the capacitance of the secondary battery of the chargeable state transition time T SI When the time cannot be secured in the period from the chargeable state transition time TSI to the habitual use start time TEF , the charging toward the full charge is started immediately from the chargeable state transition time TSI. Also good.
　また、上述の実施形態では満充電容量を１００％の値としたが、例えば９５％等の１００％よりやや少ない値を満充電容量としてもよい。１００％よりやや少ない値を満充電容量とすることで２次電池の寿命劣化をさらに抑制することができる。 In the above-described embodiment, the full charge capacity is set to a value of 100%, but a value slightly less than 100% such as 95% may be set as the full charge capacity. By setting the value slightly less than 100% as the full charge capacity, it is possible to further suppress the deterioration of the life of the secondary battery.
　また、上述した実施形態では、２次電池の充電時間と充電容量の関係を表す充電特性は、電池パックに含まれるメモリに記憶されたが、充電装置側で充電対象となる２次電池の充電時間と充電容量の関係を表す充電特性を予め記憶するようにしてもよい。 In the above-described embodiment, the charging characteristic indicating the relationship between the charging time and the charging capacity of the secondary battery is stored in the memory included in the battery pack, but the charging of the secondary battery to be charged on the charging device side is performed. You may make it memorize | store in advance the charging characteristic showing the relationship between time and charging capacity.
　また、上述した実施形態では、急速充電を考慮していないが、本発明に係る充電装置を急速充電が可能な構成にしても構わない。例えば、存用の充電容量ＷSFから満充電容量Ｗ100まで充電するのにかかる時間ΔＴを充電可能状態移行時刻ＴSIから習慣的使用開始時刻ＴEFまでの期間で確保することができない場合（ＴSI≧ＴEF－ΔＴの場合）は、自動的に急速充電が実施されるようにしてもよい。急速充電が可能な構成では、図２に示す充電特性（通常充電での充電特性）の他に、急速充電（通常充電よりも充電電流を増やしている充電）での充電特性も電池パックに含まれるメモリあるいは充電装置側で予め記憶すればよい。 In the above-described embodiment, rapid charging is not considered, but the charging device according to the present invention may be configured to be capable of rapid charging. For example, when the time ΔT required for charging from the existing charge capacity W SF to the full charge capacity W 100 cannot be secured in the period from the chargeable state transition time TSI to the customary use start time T EF ( In the case of T SI ≧ T EF −ΔT), the quick charging may be automatically performed. In the configuration that allows quick charging, in addition to the charging characteristics shown in FIG. 2 (charging characteristics in normal charging), charging characteristics in rapid charging (charging that increases the charging current compared to normal charging) are also included in the battery pack. May be stored in advance on the memory or the charging device side.
　また、２次電池の充電時間と充電容量の関係を表す充電特性は２次電池の使用に伴って変化するので、充電特性の変化に対する学習機能を本発明に係る充電装置に持たせるようにしてもよい。例えば、２次電池の使用履歴に応じて、充電特性に関する記憶内容を書き換えてもよく、記憶されている充電特性を補正して利用してもよい。 In addition, since the charging characteristic representing the relationship between the charging time and the charging capacity of the secondary battery changes with the use of the secondary battery, the charging device according to the present invention has a learning function for the change of the charging characteristic. Also good. For example, the stored content related to the charging characteristics may be rewritten according to the usage history of the secondary battery, or the stored charging characteristics may be corrected and used.
　なお、２次電池のイレギュラーな使用の頻度が高い場合には、充電可能状態になった直後から満充電状態になるまで充電していき、満充電状態になると充電を停止する従来からの一般的な充電方法の方が、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が行う充電方法よりも利便性が高いと考えられる。このような状況に鑑み、本発明に係る充電装置は、図１に示す本発明の一実施形態に係る充電装置が行う充電方法を実施するモードと、充電可能状態になった直後から満充電状態になるまで充電していき、満充電状態になると充電を停止する従来からの一般的な充電方法を実施するモードとを少なくとも有し、モードの切り替えを可能とする構成であってもよい。 In addition, when the frequency of irregular use of the secondary battery is high, the battery is charged until it reaches the fully charged state immediately after it enters the chargeable state, and the charging is stopped when the fully charged state is reached. The conventional charging method is considered to be more convenient than the charging method performed by the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. In view of such a situation, the charging device according to the present invention is in a fully charged state immediately after the charging method performed by the charging device according to the embodiment of the present invention shown in FIG. It may be configured to have at least a mode in which a conventional general charging method is performed in which charging is performed until the battery is fully charged, and charging is stopped when the battery is fully charged, and the mode can be switched.
　　　１　運転時刻記録部
　　　２　習慣的使用開始時刻推定部
　　　３　充電可能状態移行時刻取得部
　　　４　満充電開始時刻計算部
　　　５　充電部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Operation time recording part 2 Habitual use start time estimation part 3 Chargeable state transition time acquisition part 4 Full charge start time calculation part 5 Charging part

Claims (5)

  1. 　２次電池の使用履歴から前記２次電池の習慣的に使用を開始する時刻を推定する習慣的使用開始時刻推定部と、
    　前記２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から、満充電容量未満であって前記２次電池の保存劣化が起きない程度の充電容量である保存用の充電容量に向かう充電を行い、その後、満充電に向かう充電を開始して前記習慣的使用開始時刻推定部によって推定された時刻に前記２次電池が満充電になるように充電を行う充電部とを備えることを特徴とする充電装置。     A habitual use start time estimating unit that estimates a time when habitual use of the secondary battery starts from a use history of the secondary battery;
    From the time when charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery, charging is performed toward the charging capacity for storage, which is less than the full charge capacity and does not cause storage deterioration of the secondary battery. And a charging unit that starts charging toward full charge and performs charging so that the secondary battery is fully charged at the time estimated by the habitual use start time estimating unit. Charging device.
  2. 　前記２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から前記習慣的使用開始時刻推定部によって推定された時刻までの時間が所定値より短い場合は、前記充電部が、保存用の充電容量に向かう充電を行わず、前記２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から直ちに満充電に向かう充電を開始することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の充電装置。 When the time from the time at which charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery to the time estimated by the habitual use start time estimating unit is shorter than a predetermined value, the charging unit has a storage capacity for storage. 2. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein charging toward full charge is started immediately from a time when charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery without performing charging toward.
  3. 　前記２次電池が自動車に搭載される電池であることを特徴とする請求項１又は請求項２に記載の充電装置。 3. The charging device according to claim 1, wherein the secondary battery is a battery mounted on an automobile.
  4. 　前記２次電池の使用履歴が、イグニッションキーの状態、カーナビゲーションシステムの状態、または前記２次電池の残量に基づいて記録されることを特徴とする請求項３に記載の充電装置。 The charging device according to claim 3, wherein the usage history of the secondary battery is recorded based on a state of an ignition key, a state of a car navigation system, or a remaining amount of the secondary battery.
  5. 　２次電池の使用履歴から前記２次電池の習慣的に使用を開始する時刻を推定する習慣的使用開始時刻推定ステップと、
    　前記２次電池に充電電力を供給できる状態になった時刻から、満充電容量未満であって前記２次電池の保存劣化が起きない程度の充電容量である保存用の充電容量に向かう充電を行い、その後、満充電に向かう充電を開始して前記習慣的使用開始時刻推定ステップによって推定された時刻に前記２次電池が満充電になるように充電を行う充電ステップとを備えることを特徴とする充電方法。     A habitual use start time estimating step for estimating a time when habitual use of the secondary battery starts from a use history of the secondary battery;
    From the time when charging power can be supplied to the secondary battery, charging is performed toward the charging capacity for storage, which is less than the full charge capacity and does not cause storage deterioration of the secondary battery. Then, charging is performed so that charging toward full charge is started and charging is performed so that the secondary battery is fully charged at the time estimated by the habitual use start time estimation step. Charging method.
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