WO2011055049A1 - Particle filter for exhaust gas treatment, and exhaust gas treatment device including such a filter - Google Patents

Particle filter for exhaust gas treatment, and exhaust gas treatment device including such a filter Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011055049A1
WO2011055049A1 PCT/FR2010/052187 FR2010052187W WO2011055049A1 WO 2011055049 A1 WO2011055049 A1 WO 2011055049A1 FR 2010052187 W FR2010052187 W FR 2010052187W WO 2011055049 A1 WO2011055049 A1 WO 2011055049A1
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Prior art keywords
filter
exhaust gas
diameter
particulate filter
glass fibers
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PCT/FR2010/052187
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French (fr)
Inventor
Patrick Matos
Najat Moral-Mouaddib
Original Assignee
Renault S.A.S.
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Application filed by Renault S.A.S. filed Critical Renault S.A.S.
Priority to EP10785474A priority Critical patent/EP2496334A1/en
Publication of WO2011055049A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011055049A1/en

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/02—Loose filtering material, e.g. loose fibres
    • B01D39/06—Inorganic material, e.g. asbestos fibres, glass beads or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D39/00—Filtering material for liquid or gaseous fluids
    • B01D39/14—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material
    • B01D39/20—Other self-supporting filtering material ; Other filtering material of inorganic material, e.g. asbestos paper, metallic filtering material of non-woven wires
    • B01D39/2003—Glass or glassy material
    • B01D39/2006—Glass or glassy material the material being particulate
    • B01D39/2013—Glass or glassy material the material being particulate otherwise bonded, e.g. by resins

Definitions

  • Particle filter and device comprising such a filter, for the treatment of exhaust gases
  • the present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment device, and in particular a particulate filter capable of spinning the particles emitted by an internal combustion engine, and to limit the costs of regeneration.
  • soot, or particles Internal combustion engines, especially of the diesel type, produce soot, or particles, because of their combustion mode by auto-ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber.
  • the treatment of soot, or particles, in the exhaust of an engine, for example diesel, is important to meet anti-pollution standards.
  • a possible solution to the treatment of particles is the use of particulate filters. In the presence of oxygen and. at a temperature, for example of the order of 400 ° C., the particles retained by the particulate filter are burned, in particular by oxidation, therein and a regeneration of the particulate filter is thus obtained,
  • honeycomb ceramic which can be silicon carbide, eordierite, aluminum titanium, etc.
  • metal particulate filters whose filtration efficiency is lower, but which have a lower pressure drop than ceramic filters.
  • Particle filters generally operate periodically.
  • a first phase called filtration
  • the filter traps the particles up to a level of counter-after given or soot mass given so as to maintain the performance of the engine at its nominal power without risk of damaging the filter.
  • the second phase called regeneration phase
  • the filter shines the particles thus accumulated by providing the thermal energy required for their oxidation.
  • These two phases are implemented successively during the lifetime of the particulate filter.
  • current particle filters generally have a high cost. This is due, on the one hand, because of the materials constituting them which yes been mentioned previously, (silicon carbide, cordierite, etc.).
  • the particle filters are brought into contact with additives.
  • additives may be catalysts, usually precious metals, included in the particulate filter itself, or may be the ether contained in the fuel supplying the engine. In the latter case, the cost is also increased by the presence of a reservoir of additives (based on cerium, iron, etc.) and all the accessories necessary for the injection of this additive in the desired quantity into the fuel. In addition, this additive also leads to residues which are trapped in the filter and which reduce the engine performance by. increasing the back pressure of the particulate filter.
  • the regeneration phases of the current particle filters also lead to improper operation of the engine.
  • the engine control system switches from a normal injection to a delayed injection, called post-injection, to generate reducers at the output of the combustion engine.
  • reducers will notably be burned at the level of an oxidation catalyst, mounted upstream of the particulate filter or directly in the particulate filter, and will make it possible to obtain an increase in temperature, and thus promote combustion. soot.
  • the post-injection causes an increase in temperature and dilution of the oil by the fuel, which can cause a decrease in the reliability of the turbocharger and other mechanical devices.
  • the post-injection also involves an on-fuel treatment, which is also used to increase the temperature of the particulate filter;
  • particulate filters There are other types of particulate filters, notably those described in documents US Pat. No. 5,431,706, US 2004/226274 and US Pat. No. 4,264,344.
  • the materials described in these documents, in particular paper are not always adapted to particulate filters.
  • their efficiency and their lifetime are also not adapted to meet the lower thresholds for polluting emissions of motor vehicles.
  • An object of the invention is to improve the treatment of exhaust gases.
  • an object of the invention is to improve the treatment of the particles emitted by the vehicle.
  • a particulate filter in particular for treating exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.05 and 0.05. .5 ⁇ m, glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and ⁇ ⁇ , and glass fibers with a diameter of between 10 and 20 ⁇ .
  • the glass fibers make it possible, on the one hand, to be compatible with the constraints, in particular temperature and pressure, which prevail in the exhaust gases, and on the other hand, to trap the various granuiometry of particles contained in said exhaust gases by virtue of their varied tailings. Glass fibers also have a low cost.
  • glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 10 ⁇ m comprise fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 1.5 ⁇ m, fibers with a diameter of between 1.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, and fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 1.5 ⁇ m. diameter between 4.5 ⁇ . ⁇ and 5.5 ⁇ .
  • the glass fibers are able to withstand temperatures between 450 ° C and 500 ° C.
  • the particulate filter also comprises a binder, preferably an acrylic binder, According to another embodiment, the particulate filter also comprises a reinforcement capable of holding the glass fibers in the form of folded sheets.
  • the density of the filter may be between 50 g / m 2 and 200 g / m 2 , preferably between 75 g / m 2 and 150 g / m 2 .
  • the invention also relates to an exhaust gas treatment device comprising such a particulate filter.
  • the gas treatment device for exhaust may comprise a dimension such particulate filter so as to filter the particles emitted by the engine for a distance of between 25,000 and 35,000 km.
  • the device may be free of regeneration system of the particulate filter
  • the particulate filter is removably mounted in the treatment device.
  • the treatment device may comprise a device for fixing the particle filter, which allows the withdrawal and change of said. particle filter.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 comprises, by for example, at least one cylinder 3, an intake manifold 4, an exhaust manifold 5, an exhaust gas recirculation circuit 6 provided with an exhaust gas recirculation valve 7 , and a system of tnrbo compression 8.
  • The. exhaust gas treatment device 2 comprises, for example, an exhaust line, a particulate filter 9 and a reduction catalyst (English: Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR) 1.0 mounted downstream of the particulate filter 9,
  • the particulate filter 9 is removably mounted in the treatment device 2, the particulate filter 9 can thus be removed and easily replaced, especially when the amount of trapped particles causes an overpressure upstream of the particulate filter, greater than a determined value .
  • Particle filter 9 is chosen from a bet to trap the particles emitted by the engine with an efficiency that makes it possible to comply with the emission standards of per vines in mass but also in number of particles.
  • the particulate filter.9 is chosen so as to limit the maintenance operations to be performed on the vehicle.
  • the particulate filter 9 comprises glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.05 and 0.5 ⁇ m. fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 1.5 ⁇ m, fibers with a diameter of between 1.5 ⁇ m and 2.5 ⁇ m, fibers with a diameter of between 4.5 ⁇ m and 5.5 ⁇ m, and glass fibers with a diameter of between 10 and 20 ⁇ m.
  • the glass fibers are preferably resistant to a temperature of from 40 ° C to 50 ° C.
  • Such glass fibers may be manufactured in conventional manner according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
  • Ls density of the particulate filter 9 is chosen to be between 50 g / m 2 and 200g / m 2, preferably between 75 g / m 2 and 150g / m 2.
  • the glass fibers can be maintained, for example, by a chemical binder. It may be a binder of acrylic type chosen so as to withstand a temperature of 200oC to 250 ° C for example. Such a binder will be used in particular with particulate filters positioned at the end of the exhaust line, with small-power engines for which the temperature of the exhaust gas at the end of the exhaust line is less than 200 ° C.
  • the particle filter 9 will be chosen without chemical binder, but with reinforcements. Reinforcements may be by example in the form of micro-metallic structure. The reinforcements may in particular be able to maintain the glass fibers in the form of folded sheets.
  • the choice of materials and the position of the particulate filter 9 will be made according to the temperature of the exhaust gas of the vehicle, in operation.
  • the particulate filter 9 is also designed to filter the particles emitted by the engine for a distance corresponding to that of the overhaul or maintenance of the vehicle.
  • the particulate filter can be dimensioned so as to filter the particles emitted by the engine for a distance of, for example, between 25,000 and 35,000 km, which corresponds to the conventional distance traveled by a vehicle between two oil changes. .
  • the particulate filter can then be replaced at the same time as the engine oil of the vehicle, in order to maintain the same frequency of maintenance of the vehicle and not to generate an additional intervention.
  • the particulate filter 9 is charged particles emitted by the engine which is maintained in a conventional operating state. Then, after a specified time or distance, or when the level of trapped particles reaches a threshold determined according to the filter 9 (filter volume, filtration area, pressure drop) and the engine (emissions particle size, permissible pressure drop), the particulate filter is replaced. This replacement occurs in particular during a maintenance operation of the vehicle.
  • the filter according to the invention does not require any particular treatment or specific operation of the engine.
  • the particulate filter 9 is chosen so as to trap particles, emitted by the engine over a period of time . more important, before being replaced.
  • the loading threshold of the particulate filter 9 is therefore higher than for filters of the prior art.
  • the particulate filter 9 is not regenerated by a system embarked in the vehicle, but is replaced or regenerated by a system outside the vehicle. This results in a lower cost of the filtration system, thanks firstly to a filter material which is cheaper than conventional particle filters which require, in order to be regenerated, the presence of precious metals, and secondly thanks to the absence of onboard regeneration system. Moreover, since the particles trapped by the filter are not burned during regeneration, there is no longer any emission of carbon monoxide (due to the incomplete combustion of the particles).
  • the removal of the particle regeneration step makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption and to reduce the dilution of the fuel. lubricant...
  • the filters as described above can thus have an increased trapping efficiency, while limiting the negative impacts on the vehicle, such as the overconsumption of fuel, the dilution of the oil or the increase in the maintenance frequency of the vehicle. vehicle.
  • a filter also has a low cost, especially because of the absence of a regeneration system.
  • such a filter can be used in vehicles of the heavy truck type, or for stationary applications requiring a treatment of -gas issued.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Filtering Of Dispersed Particles In Gases (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a particle filter 9, in particular for treating the exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, said filter including glass fibers of a diameter between 0.05 and 0.51 μm, glass fibers of a diameter between 0.5 and 10 μm, and glass fibers of a diameter between 10 and 20 μm. The invention also relates to an exhaust gas treatment device 2 including such a particle filter.

Description

Filtre à particules, et dispositif comprenant un tel filtre, prnsr le traitement des gaz d'échappement  Particle filter, and device comprising such a filter, for the treatment of exhaust gases
La présente invention concerne Un dispositif de traitement des gaz d'échappement, et en particulier un filtre à particules capable de filirer les particules émises par un moteur à combustion interne, et de limiter les coûts de régénération. The present invention relates to an exhaust gas treatment device, and in particular a particulate filter capable of spinning the particles emitted by an internal combustion engine, and to limit the costs of regeneration.
Lés moteurs à combustion interne, notamment de type diesel, produisent des suies, ou particules, en raison de leur mode de combustion par auto-inflammation du mélange carburant-air dans la chambre de combustion. Le traitement des suies, ou particules, dans les gaz d'échappement d'un moteur, par exemple diesel, est important pour répondre aux normes anti-pollution. Une solution possible au traitement des particules est l'utilisation de filtres à particules. En présence d'oxygène et. à une température par exemple de l'ordre de 400°C, les particules retenues par le filtre à particules sont brûlées, notamment par oxydation, dans celui-ci et on obtient ainsi une régénération du filtre à particules,  Internal combustion engines, especially of the diesel type, produce soot, or particles, because of their combustion mode by auto-ignition of the fuel-air mixture in the combustion chamber. The treatment of soot, or particles, in the exhaust of an engine, for example diesel, is important to meet anti-pollution standards. A possible solution to the treatment of particles is the use of particulate filters. In the presence of oxygen and. at a temperature, for example of the order of 400 ° C., the particles retained by the particulate filter are burned, in particular by oxidation, therein and a regeneration of the particulate filter is thus obtained,
Les matériaux utilisés pour les filtres à particules sont nombreux, Le matériau principalement utilisé est la céramique en nid d'abeille qui peut être en carbure de silicium, en eordiérite, en titanaie d'aluminium, etc. Il existe également des filtres à particules métalliques, dont l'efficacité de filtration est plus faible, mais qui présentent une perte de charge, plus faible que les filtres en céramique.  The materials used for particle filters are numerous. The material mainly used is honeycomb ceramic which can be silicon carbide, eordierite, aluminum titanium, etc. There are also metal particulate filters, whose filtration efficiency is lower, but which have a lower pressure drop than ceramic filters.
Les filtres à particules fonctionnement généralement de manière périodique. Durant une première phase, dite de filtration, .le filtre piège les particules jusqu'à un niveau de contre -près si on donnée ou de masse de suie donnée de manière à maintenir les performances du moteur à sa puissance nominale sans risque d'endommager le filtre. Durant la deuxième phase, dite de régénération, le filtre brille les particules ainsi accumulées en apportant l'énergie thermique requise pour leur oxydation. Ces deux phases sont mises en œuvre successivement durant la durée de vie du filtre à particules. Cependant, les filtres à particules actuels présentent généralement un coût élevé. Cela est dû, d'une part, en raison des matériaux les constituant qui oui été mentionnés précédemment, (carbure de silicium, cordiérite, etc). D'autre part, afin de diminuer la température d'oxydation des particules piégées, les filtres à particules sont mis en contact avec des additifs. Ces additifs peuvent être des catalyseurs, en général des métaux précieux, compris dans le filtré à particules lui-même, ou bien peuvent être du c.érium contenu dans le carburant alimentant le moteur. Dans ce dernier cas, le coût est aussi augmenté par la présence d'un réservoir d'additifs (à base de cérinm, fer,,.,) et de tous les accessoires nécessaires à l' injection de cet additif en quantité voulue dans le carburant. De plus, cet additif conduit également à des résidus qui sont piégés dans le filtre et qui diminuent ia performance du moteur en. augmentant la contre-pression du filtre â particules. Particle filters generally operate periodically. During a first phase, called filtration, the filter traps the particles up to a level of counter-after given or soot mass given so as to maintain the performance of the engine at its nominal power without risk of damaging the filter. During the second phase, called regeneration phase, the filter shines the particles thus accumulated by providing the thermal energy required for their oxidation. These two phases are implemented successively during the lifetime of the particulate filter. However, current particle filters generally have a high cost. This is due, on the one hand, because of the materials constituting them which yes been mentioned previously, (silicon carbide, cordierite, etc.). On the other hand, in order to reduce the oxidation temperature of the trapped particles, the particle filters are brought into contact with additives. These additives may be catalysts, usually precious metals, included in the particulate filter itself, or may be the ether contained in the fuel supplying the engine. In the latter case, the cost is also increased by the presence of a reservoir of additives (based on cerium, iron, etc.) and all the accessories necessary for the injection of this additive in the desired quantity into the fuel. In addition, this additive also leads to residues which are trapped in the filter and which reduce the engine performance by. increasing the back pressure of the particulate filter.
Par ailleurs, les phases de régénération des filtres à particules actuels entraînent également un fonctionnement inapproprié du moteur. Ainsi, pour débuter une phase de régénération, le système de commande du moteur passe d'une injection normale à une injection retardée, dite post-injection, afin de générer des réducteurs en sortie du moteur à combustion. Ces réducteurs vont notamment être brûlés au niveau d'un catalyseur d'oxydation, monté en amont du filtre à particules ou directement dans le filtre à particules, et vont permettre l'obtention d'une augmentation de ia température, et donc favoriser la combustion des suies. Cependant, la post-injection provoque une augmentation de ia température et une dilution de l'huile par le carburant, qui peuvent entraîner une baisse de la fiabilité du turbocompresseur et d'autres organes mécaniques. De plus, la dilution de l'huile implique que celle-ci devient moins efficace et qu'il est nécessaire de la changer plus souvent, La régénération du filtre à particules peut donc conduire à réduire l'intervalle de vidange. Pour cette raison, la fréquence de régénération du filtre à particules doit être maintenue basse, Enfin, la post-injection implique également une sur c-on so mnrati on de carburant, pui sque celui-ci est également .utilisé pour augmenter la température du filtre à particules; In addition, the regeneration phases of the current particle filters also lead to improper operation of the engine. Thus, to start a regeneration phase, the engine control system switches from a normal injection to a delayed injection, called post-injection, to generate reducers at the output of the combustion engine. These reducers will notably be burned at the level of an oxidation catalyst, mounted upstream of the particulate filter or directly in the particulate filter, and will make it possible to obtain an increase in temperature, and thus promote combustion. soot. However, the post-injection causes an increase in temperature and dilution of the oil by the fuel, which can cause a decrease in the reliability of the turbocharger and other mechanical devices. In addition, the dilution of the oil implies that it becomes less efficient and that it is necessary to change it more often, The regeneration of the particulate filter can therefore lead to reducing the emptying interval. For this reason, the regeneration frequency of the particulate filter must be kept low, Finally, the post-injection also involves an on-fuel treatment, which is also used to increase the temperature of the particulate filter;
Il existe d'autres types de filtres à particules, notamment ceux décrits dans les documents US 5 43 1 706, US 2004/2.26274 et U S 4 264 344. Cependant, les matériaux décrits dans ces documents, notamment l e papier, ne sont pas toujours adaptés aux filtres à particu les. Par ailleurs,. leur efficacité et leu r durée de vie ne sont pas non plus adaptées pour répondre à la baisse des seuils admis pour les émissions de gaz pol luants des véhicules automobiles. There are other types of particulate filters, notably those described in documents US Pat. No. 5,431,706, US 2004/226274 and US Pat. No. 4,264,344. However, the materials described in these documents, in particular paper, are not always adapted to particulate filters. Moreover,. their efficiency and their lifetime are also not adapted to meet the lower thresholds for polluting emissions of motor vehicles.
Un but de l 'invention est d 'améliorer le traitement des gaz d 'échappement.. En particulier, un but de l 'invention est d 'améliorer ie traitement des part icules émises par ie véhicule.  An object of the invention is to improve the treatment of exhaust gases. In particular, an object of the invention is to improve the treatment of the particles emitted by the vehicle.
Selon un aspect de l'invention, il est proposé un filtre à particules, notamment pour traiter des gaz d 'échappement produits pat- un moteur à combustion interne d 'un véhicule automobile, comprenant des fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 0.05 et Q.5 pm , des fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 0.5 et ί θμηι, et des fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 10 et 20μηι .  According to one aspect of the invention, there is provided a particulate filter, in particular for treating exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, comprising glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.05 and 0.05. .5 μm, glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and ί θμηι, and glass fibers with a diameter of between 10 and 20μηι.
Les fibres de verre permettent d 'une part d'être compatibles avec les contraintes, notamment de température et de pression, qui régnen t dans les gaz d'échappement, et d' autre part, de piéger les différentes granuiométrie-s de particules contenues dans îesdits gaz d' échappement grâce à leurs tail les variées spéei fiqxs.es. Les fi bres de verre présentent également un coû t faible.  The glass fibers make it possible, on the one hand, to be compatible with the constraints, in particular temperature and pressure, which prevail in the exhaust gases, and on the other hand, to trap the various granuiometry of particles contained in said exhaust gases by virtue of their varied tailings. Glass fibers also have a low cost.
Préféreutiellement, les fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 0, 5 et 10 μm comprennent des fibres de diamètre compris entre 0.5 et 1 ,5 urn, des fibres de diamètre compris e ntre 1 .5 μηι et 2.5 μ m, et des fibres de diamètre compris entre 4,5 μπ.ΐ et 5.5 μηι.  Preferentially, glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 10 μm comprise fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 1.5 μm, fibers with a diameter of between 1.5 μm and 2.5 μm, and fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 1.5 μm. diameter between 4.5 μπ.ΐ and 5.5 μηι.
Les fibres de verre sont capables de résister à des températures compri ses entre 450° C et 500°C.  The glass fibers are able to withstand temperatures between 450 ° C and 500 ° C.
Selon un mode de réalisation , le filtre à particules comprend égal ement un liant, de préférence acrylique, Selon un autre mode de réalisation, le filtre à particules comprend également un renfort capable de maintenir les fibres de verre sous forme de feuilles piissées. According to one embodiment, the particulate filter also comprises a binder, preferably an acrylic binder, According to another embodiment, the particulate filter also comprises a reinforcement capable of holding the glass fibers in the form of folded sheets.
La densité du filtre peut être comprise entre S0g/m2 et 200 g/m2, de préférence entre 75 g/m 2 et 150g/m2. The density of the filter may be between 50 g / m 2 and 200 g / m 2 , preferably between 75 g / m 2 and 150 g / m 2 .
L'invention concerne également un dispositif de- -traitement des gaz d'échappement comprenant un tel filtre à particules.  The invention also relates to an exhaust gas treatment device comprising such a particulate filter.
En particulier, le dispositif de traitement des gaz d ''échappement peut comprendre un tel filtre à particules dimension né de manière à Filtrer les particules émises par le moteur pendant une distance comprise entre 25000 et 35000 km. In particular, the gas treatment device for exhaust may comprise a dimension such particulate filter so as to filter the particles emitted by the engine for a distance of between 25,000 and 35,000 km.
De plus, le dispositif peut être exempt de système de régénération du filtre à particules,  In addition, the device may be free of regeneration system of the particulate filter,
Fréférentiellement, le filtre à .particules est monté de façon amovible dans le dispositif de traitement. En particulier, le dispositif de traitement peut comprendre un dispositif de fixation du filtre à particules, qui permet le retrait et de changement du dit. filtre à particules.  Frequently, the particulate filter is removably mounted in the treatment device. In particular, the treatment device may comprise a device for fixing the particle filter, which allows the withdrawal and change of said. particle filter.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques apparaîtront à l'examen de la description détaillée d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif, et de la figure annexée sur laquelle est illustré, en coupe, un exemple de dispositif de traiteraient de gaz d' échappement.  Other advantages and features will appear on examining the detailed description of an embodiment given by way of non-limiting example, and the appended figure on which is illustrated, in section, an example of a device for dealing with exhaust gas.
Sur la figure annexée, on a représenté, de manière très schématique., la structure générale d'un moteur à combustion interne 1. et d'un dispositif de traitement des gaz d'échappement 2. Le moteur à combustion interne 1 comprend, par exemple, au moins un cylindre 3, un collecteur d'admission 4, un collecteur d'échappement 5, un circuit de ré-circulation des gaz d'échappement 6 muni d'une vanne- de re- circulation des gaz d' échappement 7, et un système de tnrbo compression 8.  In the attached figure, there is shown very schematically the general structure of an internal combustion engine 1. and an exhaust gas treatment device 2. The internal combustion engine 1 comprises, by for example, at least one cylinder 3, an intake manifold 4, an exhaust manifold 5, an exhaust gas recirculation circuit 6 provided with an exhaust gas recirculation valve 7 , and a system of tnrbo compression 8.
Le. dispositif de traitement des gaz d'échappement 2 comprend., par exemple, une ligne d'échappement, un filtre à particules 9 et un catalyseur de réduction (en anglais : Sélective Catalytic Réduction SCR) 1,0 monté en aval du filtre à particules 9, The. exhaust gas treatment device 2 comprises, for example, an exhaust line, a particulate filter 9 and a reduction catalyst (English: Selective Catalytic Reduction SCR) 1.0 mounted downstream of the particulate filter 9,
Le filtre à particules 9 est monté amovible dans le dispositif de traitement 2, Le filtre à particules 9 peut ainsi être retiré et remplacé facilement, notamment lorsque la quantité de particules piégées entraîne une surpression en amont du filtre à particules, supérieure à une valeur déterminée.  The particulate filter 9 is removably mounted in the treatment device 2, the particulate filter 9 can thus be removed and easily replaced, especially when the amount of trapped particles causes an overpressure upstream of the particulate filter, greater than a determined value .
Le filtre à particules 9 est choisi d'une pari pour piéger les particules émises par le moteur avec une efficacité permettant de respecter les normes d'émission de par treille s en masse mais également en nombre de particules. D'autre part, le filtre à particules.9 est choisi de manière, à limiter les opérations d'entretien à effectuer sur le véhicule.  Particle filter 9 is chosen from a bet to trap the particles emitted by the engine with an efficiency that makes it possible to comply with the emission standards of per vines in mass but also in number of particles. On the other hand, the particulate filter.9 is chosen so as to limit the maintenance operations to be performed on the vehicle.
Ainsi, le filtre à particules 9 comprend des fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 0.05 et 0.5pm. des fibres de diamètre compris entre 0.5 et 1.5μm, des fibres de diamètre compris entre 1.5μm et 2.5μm, des fibres de diamètre compris entre 4.5μm et 5.5μm, et des fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 10 et 20μm. Les fibres de verre résistent de préférence, à une température comprise entre 4SQ°C et 5Ô0°C, De telles fibres de verre peuvent être fabriquées de manière classique, selon des procédés connus de l'homme du métier.  Thus, the particulate filter 9 comprises glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.05 and 0.5 μm. fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 1.5 μm, fibers with a diameter of between 1.5 μm and 2.5 μm, fibers with a diameter of between 4.5 μm and 5.5 μm, and glass fibers with a diameter of between 10 and 20 μm. The glass fibers are preferably resistant to a temperature of from 40 ° C to 50 ° C. Such glass fibers may be manufactured in conventional manner according to methods known to those skilled in the art.
Ls densité du filtre à particules 9 est choisie comprise entre 50g/m2 et 200g/m2, de préférence entre 75 g/m2 et 150g/m2. Ls density of the particulate filter 9 is chosen to be between 50 g / m 2 and 200g / m 2, preferably between 75 g / m 2 and 150g / m 2.
Les fibres de verre peuvent être maintenues,, par exemple, par un liant chimique. Il peut s'agir d'un liant de type acrylique choisi de manière à pouvoir résister à une température de 200ºC à 250°C par exemple. Un tel liant sera utilisé notamment avec des filtres, à particules positionnés en bout de ligne d'échappement, avec des moteurs de petite puissance pour lesquels la température des gaz d'échappement., en bout de ligne d'échappement., est inférieure à 200°C.  The glass fibers can be maintained, for example, by a chemical binder. It may be a binder of acrylic type chosen so as to withstand a temperature of 200ºC to 250 ° C for example. Such a binder will be used in particular with particulate filters positioned at the end of the exhaust line, with small-power engines for which the temperature of the exhaust gas at the end of the exhaust line is less than 200 ° C.
Dans le cas contraire, si les gaz d'échappement présentent une température supérieure à 200ºC, le filtre à particules 9 sera choisi sans liant chimique, mais avec des renforts. Les renforts peuvent être par exemple sous la forme de structure micro-métallique. Les renforts peuvent notamment être capables de maintenir les fibres de verre sous forme de feuilles plissées. Otherwise, if the exhaust gas has a temperature above 200ºC, the particle filter 9 will be chosen without chemical binder, but with reinforcements. Reinforcements may be by example in the form of micro-metallic structure. The reinforcements may in particular be able to maintain the glass fibers in the form of folded sheets.
Ainsi, le choix des matériaux et la position du filtre à particules 9 seront faits en fonction de la température des gaz d'échappement du véhicule, en fonctionnement.  Thus, the choice of materials and the position of the particulate filter 9 will be made according to the temperature of the exhaust gas of the vehicle, in operation.
Le filtre à particules 9 est également dùncnsionné de manière à filtrer les particules émises par Je moteur pendant une distance correspondant à celle de révision ou de maintenance du véhicule. Ainsi, Se filtre à particules pourra être dimensionné de manière à filtrer les particules émises par le moteur pendant une distance comprise, par exemple, entre 25000 et 35000 km, ce qui correspond à la distance classique parcourue par un véhicule entre deux vidanges d'huilé. Le filtre à -particules- peut alors être remplacé en même temps que l'huile moteur du véhicule, afin de conserver la même fréquence d'entretien du véhicule et de ne pas engendrer une intervention supplémentaire.  The particulate filter 9 is also designed to filter the particles emitted by the engine for a distance corresponding to that of the overhaul or maintenance of the vehicle. Thus, the particulate filter can be dimensioned so as to filter the particles emitted by the engine for a distance of, for example, between 25,000 and 35,000 km, which corresponds to the conventional distance traveled by a vehicle between two oil changes. . The particulate filter can then be replaced at the same time as the engine oil of the vehicle, in order to maintain the same frequency of maintenance of the vehicle and not to generate an additional intervention.
Ainsi, en fonctionnement, le filtre à particules 9 se charge des particules émises par le moteur qui est maintenu dans un état de fonctionnement classique. Puis, au bout d'une durée ou d'une distance déterminée, ou lorsque le niveau de particules piégées atteint un seuil déterminé en fonction du filtre 9 (volume du filtre, surface de filtrai ion, perte de charge) et du moteur (émissions dé particules, perte de charge admissible), le filtre à particules est remplacé. Ce remplacement intervient notamment lors d'une opération de maintenance du véhicule.  Thus, in operation, the particulate filter 9 is charged particles emitted by the engine which is maintained in a conventional operating state. Then, after a specified time or distance, or when the level of trapped particles reaches a threshold determined according to the filter 9 (filter volume, filtration area, pressure drop) and the engine (emissions particle size, permissible pressure drop), the particulate filter is replaced. This replacement occurs in particular during a maintenance operation of the vehicle.
Par rapport aux filtres classiques de l'art antérieur qui, entre deux maintenances de véhicule, peuvent mettre en œuvre fréquemment une procédure de régénération du filtre, avec les conséquences que cela implique au niveau du fonctionnement du moteur et des émissions de gaz, le filtre selon l'invention ne nécessite pas de traitement particulier ou de fonctionnement spécifique du moteur. Au contraire, le filtre à particules 9 .est choisi de manière à piéger les particules, émises par le moteur sur une durée .plus importante, avant d'être remplacé. Le seuil de chargement du filtre à particules 9 est donc supérieur à celui des filtres, de Part antérieur. Compared to the conventional filters of the prior art which, between two vehicle maintenance, can frequently implement a filter regeneration procedure, with the consequences that this implies in terms of engine operation and gas emissions, the filter according to the invention does not require any particular treatment or specific operation of the engine. On the contrary, the particulate filter 9 is chosen so as to trap particles, emitted by the engine over a period of time . more important, before being replaced. The loading threshold of the particulate filter 9 is therefore higher than for filters of the prior art.
Ainsi, contrairement aux. filtres à particules de Part antérieur, le filtre à particules 9 n'est pas régénéré par un système embarque dans le véhicule, mais est remplacé ou régénéré par un système extérieur au véhicule. On obtient ainsi une baisse du coût du système de filtration, grâce d'une part i un matériau filtrant moins cher que les filtres à particules classiques qui nécessitent, pour être régénérés, la présence de métaux précieux, et d'autre part grâce à l'absence de système de régénération embarqué. Dé plus, comme les particules piégées par le filtre ne sont pas brûlées lors de régénération, il n'y a non plus d'émission de ni on oxyde de carbone (dû à la combustion incomplète des particules).  Thus, unlike. Particle filters of the previous part, the particulate filter 9 is not regenerated by a system embarked in the vehicle, but is replaced or regenerated by a system outside the vehicle. This results in a lower cost of the filtration system, thanks firstly to a filter material which is cheaper than conventional particle filters which require, in order to be regenerated, the presence of precious metals, and secondly thanks to the absence of onboard regeneration system. Moreover, since the particles trapped by the filter are not burned during regeneration, there is no longer any emission of carbon monoxide (due to the incomplete combustion of the particles).
Enfin, la suppression de l'étape de régénération des particules permet de diminuer la consommation de carburant et de diminuer la dilution du. lubrifiant...  Finally, the removal of the particle regeneration step makes it possible to reduce the fuel consumption and to reduce the dilution of the fuel. lubricant...
Les filtres tels que décrits précédemment peuvent ainsi présenter une efficacité de piégeage accrue, tout en limitant les impacts négatifs sur le véhicule, tels que la surconsommation de carburant, la dilution de l'huilé ou encore P augmentation, de ia fréquence d'entretien du véhicule. Un tel filtre prés-enie également un coût pins faible, notamment en raison de l'absence de système de régénération.. Par ailleurs, un tel filtre peut être utilisé dans des véhicules de type poids-lourd, ou bien pour des applications stationnaires nécessitant un traitement des -gaz émis.  The filters as described above can thus have an increased trapping efficiency, while limiting the negative impacts on the vehicle, such as the overconsumption of fuel, the dilution of the oil or the increase in the maintenance frequency of the vehicle. vehicle. Such a filter also has a low cost, especially because of the absence of a regeneration system. Moreover, such a filter can be used in vehicles of the heavy truck type, or for stationary applications requiring a treatment of -gas issued.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Filtre à particules (9), notamment pour traiter des gaz d'échappement produits par un moteur à combustion interne d'un véhicule automobile, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 0,05 et G.5 pm, des fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 0.5 et 10μm, et des fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 10 et 2Gpm. Particle filter (9), in particular for treating exhaust gases produced by an internal combustion engine of a motor vehicle, characterized in that it comprises glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.05 and G .5 μm, glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 10 μm, and glass fibers with a diameter of between 10 and 2 μm.
2. Filtre à particules (9) selon la revendication 1 dans lequel les fibres de verre de diamètre compris entre 0.5 et 10 μm comprennent des fibres de diamètre compris entre 0.5 et 1.5μm, des fibres de diamètre compris entre 1.5,μm et. 2.5μm, et des fibres de diamètre compris entre 4.5 p m et 5.5 μ m .  2. particle filter (9) according to claim 1 wherein the glass fibers with a diameter of between 0.5 and 10 microns comprise fibers of diameter between 0.5 and 1.5 microns, fibers with a diameter of between 1.5 .mu.m and. 2.5 μm, and fibers of diameter between 4.5 μm and 5.5 μm.
3. Filtre à particules (9) selon l'une des revendications i ou 2 dans lequel les fibres de verres sont capables de résister à des températures comprises entre 450°C et 500ºC,  3. Particle filter (9) according to one of claims i or 2 wherein the glass fibers are capable of withstanding temperatures between 450 ° C and 500ºC,
4. Filtre à particules (9) selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel le filtre à particules comprend également un liant, de préférence acrylique, ou un renfort capable de maintenir les fibres: de verre sons forme de feuilles pHssées.  4. Particle filter (9) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the particulate filter also comprises a binder, preferably acrylic, or a reinforcement capable of holding the fibers of glass son form pHssées sheets.
5. Filtre à particules (9) selon l'une des revendications précédentes dans lequel la densité du filtre est comprise entre 50 g/m2 et 200g/M2, de préférence entre 75g/m2 et I50g/M2. 5. Particle filter (9) according to one of the preceding claims wherein the density of the filter is between 50 g / m 2 and 200g / M 2 , preferably between 75g / m 2 and I50g / M 2 .
6. Dispositif de traitement (2) des gaz d'échappement comprenant un filtre à particules (9) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5.  6. Apparatus for treating (2) exhaust gas comprising a particulate filter (9) according to any one of claims 1 to 5.
7. Dispositif de traitement (2) des gaz d'échappement selon la revendication 6 dans lequel le filtre à particules (9) est dimensionné de manière à filtrer les particules émises par le moteur pendant une distance comprise entre 25000 et 35000 km.  7. Apparatus for treating (2) exhaust gas according to claim 6 wherein the particulate filter (9) is sized to filter the particles emitted by the engine for a distance of between 25000 and 35000 km.
8. Dispositif de traitement (2) des gaz d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 6 ou ?, exempt de système de régénération du filtre à particules (9). 8. Apparatus for treating (2) the exhaust gas according to one of claims 6 or ?, without the regeneration system of the particulate filter (9).
9. Dispositif de traitement. (2) des gaz d 'échappement selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, dans lequel le fi ltre à particules ( 9) est monté de façon amovible. 9. Treatment device . (2) exhaust gas according to one of claims 6 to 8, wherein the particulate filter (9) is removably mounted.
PCT/FR2010/052187 2009-11-05 2010-10-15 Particle filter for exhaust gas treatment, and exhaust gas treatment device including such a filter WO2011055049A1 (en)

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EP10785474A EP2496334A1 (en) 2009-11-05 2010-10-15 Particle filter for exhaust gas treatment, and exhaust gas treatment device including such a filter

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FR0957840A FR2951958B1 (en) 2009-11-05 2009-11-05 PARTICLE FILTER, AND DEVICE COMPRISING SUCH A FILTER, FOR THE TREATMENT OF EXHAUST GASES
FR0957840 2009-11-05

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Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4160684A (en) * 1975-07-07 1979-07-10 Finite Filter Company Method of manufacturing a coalescing demister
US4713285A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-12-15 Frederick G. Crane, Jr. High temperature filter material
US4917714A (en) * 1988-12-08 1990-04-17 James River Corporation Filter element comprising glass fibers

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4160684A (en) * 1975-07-07 1979-07-10 Finite Filter Company Method of manufacturing a coalescing demister
US4713285A (en) * 1986-05-02 1987-12-15 Frederick G. Crane, Jr. High temperature filter material
US4917714A (en) * 1988-12-08 1990-04-17 James River Corporation Filter element comprising glass fibers

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FR2951958A1 (en) 2011-05-06
EP2496334A1 (en) 2012-09-12
FR2951958B1 (en) 2011-12-09

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