WO2011051569A1 - System for detecting heartbeats - Google Patents

System for detecting heartbeats Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011051569A1
WO2011051569A1 PCT/FI2010/050859 FI2010050859W WO2011051569A1 WO 2011051569 A1 WO2011051569 A1 WO 2011051569A1 FI 2010050859 W FI2010050859 W FI 2010050859W WO 2011051569 A1 WO2011051569 A1 WO 2011051569A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
sensors
sensor
vehicle
central unit
bedplate
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/FI2010/050859
Other languages
French (fr)
Inventor
Heikki RÄISÄNEN
Original Assignee
Emfit Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Emfit Oy filed Critical Emfit Oy
Publication of WO2011051569A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011051569A1/en

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/001—Acoustic presence detection
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
    • A61B5/02—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse, heart rate, blood pressure or blood flow; Combined pulse/heart-rate/blood pressure determination; Evaluating a cardiovascular condition not otherwise provided for, e.g. using combinations of techniques provided for in this group with electrocardiography or electroauscultation; Heart catheters for measuring blood pressure
    • A61B5/024—Detecting, measuring or recording pulse rate or heart rate
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B21/00—Alarms responsive to a single specified undesired or abnormal condition and not otherwise provided for
    • G08B21/18—Status alarms
    • G08B21/22—Status alarms responsive to presence or absence of persons

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for detecting heartbeats.
  • the object of the invention is a system as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
  • One prior-art solution detects the presence of a person by means of the detection of heartbeats.
  • the movement caused by heartbeats travels into a structure that is in connection with a person and into other structures that are in connection with that structure.
  • the force caused by the movement of the heart of a person can be detected.
  • the system is used for detecting people in vehicles in inspections by the authorities, e.g. at Customs.
  • the system comprises seismic sensors, which are fixed to a structure of the vehicle to be inspected, e.g. to the chassis of a lorry or to the containers conveyed by it.
  • the aim of the invention is to achieve a new type of solution, by means of which the problems of prior art can be avoided.
  • the invention is based on a concept wherein the presence of people or animals in a vehicle is detected by means of sensors to be placed under the tyres of a vehicle and by means of a central unit connected to the sensors.
  • the sensors of the system according to the invention can also be sensors to be fitted below a bedplate. A vehicle can be driven onto the bedplate that is above the sensors.
  • the system according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is disclosed in claim 1.
  • the solution according to the invention has many important advantages.
  • the solution according to the invention demands much less preparation time from the user than prior-art solutions, because in the solution according to the invention a vehicle can be driven directly to on top of the sensors and the sensors do not need to be fixed to and installed in each vehicle separately. Thus with the system better efficiency can be achieved than with prior-art systems. This is important e.g. in inspections made at Customs, so that as many vehicles as possible can be inspected without excessively disrupting the traffic.
  • the sensors are, according to one embodiment of the invention, installed under a bedplate, a vehicle can be driven on top of this bedplate and detection can be performed without any kind of positioning of the sensors. This increases efficiency compared to prior-art systems.
  • the sensors of the system according to the invention are also of a different type than prior-art sensors.
  • sensors that detect changes of a force are used as the sensors. These types of sensors are cheaper than the seismic sensors used in prior art.
  • Fig. 1 presents the parts of a system according to the invention, wherein the sensors are fitted immediately below the tyres of a vehicle.
  • Fig. 2 presents the parts of a system according to the invention, wherein one sensor essentially the size of the vehicle, or larger than it, is fitted below a bedplate.
  • Fig. 3 presents the parts of a system according to the invention, wherein a number of sensors are fitted below a bedplate.
  • Fig. 1 presents one system according to the invention and the parts thereof.
  • the system comprises sensors 102 to be placed below the tyres 104 of a vehicle, a central unit 106 and a computer 108.
  • the sensors 102 are connected to the central unit 106 by means of conductors 103.
  • the electronics needed by each sensor 102 is disposed in the central unit 106. Alternatively the electronics needed by a sensor can be integrated inside the sensor 102.
  • the output of the electronics is preferably TCP/IP-based, in which case the sensors 102 can each be connected to an Ethernet switch that is inside the central unit 106, which switch is then connected to a computer 108.
  • the measured value data moves over the Ethernet solution to the computer 108, where the measured values, preferably the so-called raw signal of the sensors filtered to a range of approx. 10 - 40 Hz, is visualized from each sensor separately.
  • the electronics units of the sensors can receive their current from the switch as a so-called PoE, i.e. power-over-Ethernet, solution. Especially if electronics are disposed in connection with the sensors, this simplifies the solution.
  • the central unit 106 and the computer 108 can be integrated into the same apparatus.
  • the sensors 102 used in the solution according to the invention measure a change of a force exerted on the sensors 102.
  • the sensors 102 are planar in their structure.
  • the sensors 102 can be e.g. electret bubble film containing flat gas bubbles, such as is known from e.g. publication WO 0102823, or piezoelectric film, e.g. PVFD film.
  • piezoelectric crystals can also be arranged between two rigid plates.
  • the operating principle of a sensor 102 can also be based on resistance that changes with a change of force or on some other corresponding technology that measures a change of force.
  • the force exerted on a sensor can be e.g. a force caused by pressure exerted on the sensor.
  • Fig. 1 presents a situation in which the system is used in inspecting a lorry.
  • the sensors 102 of the system are arranged below the tyres 104 of the lorry 110 to be inspected and of its trailer 112.
  • the sensors 102 can be installed under each tyre 104. If the vehicle contains living people or animals, the movement caused by their hearts is transmitted into a structure of the lorry 110 or of the trailer 112, and from there also to the tyres 104 and causes a force in the tyres 104.
  • the sensors 102 to be fitted under the tyres 104 transmit their measured values to the central unit 106 and the central unit 106 analyzes the measured values supplied by the sensors 102 and detects from the measured values the heartbeats of people or animals transmitted to the tyres.
  • the measured values of the sensors 102 can be analyzed in the central unit 106 for each specific sensor separately to each other.
  • the system is able to detect the presence of a person or of an animal by means of heartbeats, from both an empty and a full vehicle.
  • the computer 108 shows the result of the measurement on a display.
  • the result of the measurement can be presented to the user simply, by presenting the filtered raw signal, which when the vehicle is empty is an almost straight line, and if the vehicle contains people or animals the movement caused by their heartbeats is clearly visible as a deviating curve.
  • the program can also itself notify that e.g. no people were detected in the vehicle, or notify that the vehicle should be inspected in more detail.
  • a measurement result can also be visualized, and e.g. graphs of the measured values or of the analysis results can be presented to the user.
  • Fig. 2 presents one system according to the invention, in which a sensor 201 of the system is a sensor 201 to be fitted under a bedplate 202.
  • the vehicle to be inspected can be driven onto the bedplate 202, below which the sensor 201 is fitted. After this no special procedures for positioning the sensor are needed, but instead the system is immediately ready to use for measuring.
  • the bedplate 202, below which the sensor is installed can be e.g. of concrete, asphalt or some other corresponding material.
  • the sensor 201 can be an individual sensor that covers the whole area of the vehicle.
  • Fig. 3 presents a system according to the invention, in which there are a number of sensors 301 to be placed below a bedplate 202.
  • the sensors 301 can be smaller than the sensor 201 presented in Fig. 2.
  • the sensors 301 can transmit their measured values one at a time to the central unit 106. Otherwise the embodiment of the system presented in Fig. 3 operates in essentially the same way as the embodiment presented in Fig. 2.
  • the presence of a person or of an animal in many types of vehicles can be detected.
  • the user can have the possibilty to select from the central unit 106 or from the computer 108 the type of vehicle, and the central unit 106 can comprise, in its embedded electronics or in its computer 108, different programs and settings according to the type of vehicle for analysis of the sensor data.
  • the engine, air-conditioning apparatus, compressors or other corresponding devices of the vehicle must be turned off during the measurement.
  • the measured values of the sensors 102 are transmitted to the central unit 106 wirelessly by means of short-range radio technology, e.g. with WLAN technology or with Bluetooth.
  • short-range radio technology e.g. with WLAN technology or with Bluetooth.
  • connection between the computer 108 and the central unit 106 can be implemented with wireless technology, e.g. with WLAN technology or with Bluetooth.
  • the invention thus relates to a system for detecting heartbeats, which system comprises a sensor or sensors and a central unit connected to the sensor or sensors.
  • the sensors are planar sensors 102, 201, 301 to be placed below the tyres 104 of a vehicle.
  • the central unit 106 of the system is fitted to analyze the measured values of the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 and to detect by means of an analysis of the measured values the heartbeats of a person or of an animal that is in the vehicle.
  • the sensor or sensors 102 of the system are fitted immediately below the tyres 104 of the vehicle.
  • the sensor or sensors 201, 301 of the system are fitted under a bedplate 202, onto which a vehicle can be driven.
  • the senor or sensors 201, 301 of the system can be fitted under a bedplate 202, which is of concrete, asphalt or some corresponding material.
  • the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 of the system are fitted to measure a change of force.
  • the senor or sensors 102, 201, 301 of the system comprise an electret bubble film containing flat gas bubbles.
  • the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 of the system are electrically-charged electret bubble film.
  • the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 of the system comprise a piezoelectric film, e.g. a PVFD film, or piezoelectric crystals.
  • the operating principle of the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 is based on resistance that changes with a change of force or on some other corresponding technology that measures a change of force.
  • the embedded electronics or computer 108 of the central unit 106 of the system comprises different analysis programs and measuring programs for different types of vehicles.
  • the central unit 106 of the system is connected to the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 with conductors 103.
  • the central unit 106 of the system is connected to the computer 108 with short-range wireless radio technology.
  • Wi-Fi technology or Bluetooth technology is used as the short-range radio technology.

Abstract

System for detecting heartbeats, which system comprises sensors and a central unit connected to the sensors. The sensors are planar sensors (102, 201, 301) to be placed below the tyres (104) of a vehicle. The central unit (106) of the system is fitted to analyze the measured values of the sensors (102, 201, 301) and to detect by means of the analysis of the measured values the heartbeats of a person or of an animal that is in the vehicle.

Description

SYSTEM FOR DETECTING HEARTBEATS
The invention relates to a system for detecting heartbeats.
The object of the invention is a system as defined in the preamble of claim 1.
Background of the invention
Various systems for detecting the presence of a person are known in the art. One prior-art solution detects the presence of a person by means of the detection of heartbeats. The movement caused by heartbeats travels into a structure that is in connection with a person and into other structures that are in connection with that structure. By means of sensors connected to a structure, the force caused by the movement of the heart of a person can be detected.
One prior-art solution is Intelligent Security Ltd's "Heartbeat Detection System". The system is used for detecting people in vehicles in inspections by the authorities, e.g. at Customs. The system comprises seismic sensors, which are fixed to a structure of the vehicle to be inspected, e.g. to the chassis of a lorry or to the containers conveyed by it.
In prior-art solutions the sensors must be placed separately on the chassis of each vehicle to be inspected or on the cargo carried by it. This requires a lot of preparation time. A problem of prior art is also the expensive price of sensors.
The aim of the invention is to achieve a new type of solution, by means of which the problems of prior art can be avoided.
Brief description of the invention
The invention is based on a concept wherein the presence of people or animals in a vehicle is detected by means of sensors to be placed under the tyres of a vehicle and by means of a central unit connected to the sensors. The sensors of the system according to the invention can also be sensors to be fitted below a bedplate. A vehicle can be driven onto the bedplate that is above the sensors.
The system according to the invention is mainly characterized by what is disclosed in claim 1.
The system according to the invention is also characterized by what is disclosed in claims 2 - 12.
The solution according to the invention has many important advantages. The solution according to the invention demands much less preparation time from the user than prior-art solutions, because in the solution according to the invention a vehicle can be driven directly to on top of the sensors and the sensors do not need to be fixed to and installed in each vehicle separately. Thus with the system better efficiency can be achieved than with prior-art systems. This is important e.g. in inspections made at Customs, so that as many vehicles as possible can be inspected without excessively disrupting the traffic.
If the sensors are, according to one embodiment of the invention, installed under a bedplate, a vehicle can be driven on top of this bedplate and detection can be performed without any kind of positioning of the sensors. This increases efficiency compared to prior-art systems.
The sensors of the system according to the invention are also of a different type than prior-art sensors. In the solution according to the invention sensors that detect changes of a force are used as the sensors. These types of sensors are cheaper than the seismic sensors used in prior art.
Brief description of the figures
In the following, the invention will be described in detail by the aid of a few examples of its embodiments with reference to the attached drawings, wherein: Fig. 1 presents the parts of a system according to the invention, wherein the sensors are fitted immediately below the tyres of a vehicle.
Fig. 2 presents the parts of a system according to the invention, wherein one sensor essentially the size of the vehicle, or larger than it, is fitted below a bedplate.
Fig. 3 presents the parts of a system according to the invention, wherein a number of sensors are fitted below a bedplate.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 presents one system according to the invention and the parts thereof. The system comprises sensors 102 to be placed below the tyres 104 of a vehicle, a central unit 106 and a computer 108. The sensors 102 are connected to the central unit 106 by means of conductors 103. The electronics needed by each sensor 102 is disposed in the central unit 106. Alternatively the electronics needed by a sensor can be integrated inside the sensor 102. The output of the electronics is preferably TCP/IP-based, in which case the sensors 102 can each be connected to an Ethernet switch that is inside the central unit 106, which switch is then connected to a computer 108. In this way all the measured value data moves over the Ethernet solution to the computer 108, where the measured values, preferably the so-called raw signal of the sensors filtered to a range of approx. 10 - 40 Hz, is visualized from each sensor separately. The electronics units of the sensors can receive their current from the switch as a so-called PoE, i.e. power-over-Ethernet, solution. Especially if electronics are disposed in connection with the sensors, this simplifies the solution.
In one embodiment of the invention the central unit 106 and the computer 108 can be integrated into the same apparatus.
The sensors 102 used in the solution according to the invention measure a change of a force exerted on the sensors 102. The sensors 102 are planar in their structure. The sensors 102 can be e.g. electret bubble film containing flat gas bubbles, such as is known from e.g. publication WO 0102823, or piezoelectric film, e.g. PVFD film. In one embodiment of the invention piezoelectric crystals can also be arranged between two rigid plates. The operating principle of a sensor 102 can also be based on resistance that changes with a change of force or on some other corresponding technology that measures a change of force. The force exerted on a sensor can be e.g. a force caused by pressure exerted on the sensor.
Fig. 1 presents a situation in which the system is used in inspecting a lorry. The sensors 102 of the system are arranged below the tyres 104 of the lorry 110 to be inspected and of its trailer 112. The sensors 102 can be installed under each tyre 104. If the vehicle contains living people or animals, the movement caused by their hearts is transmitted into a structure of the lorry 110 or of the trailer 112, and from there also to the tyres 104 and causes a force in the tyres 104. The sensors 102 to be fitted under the tyres 104 transmit their measured values to the central unit 106 and the central unit 106 analyzes the measured values supplied by the sensors 102 and detects from the measured values the heartbeats of people or animals transmitted to the tyres. The measured values of the sensors 102 can be analyzed in the central unit 106 for each specific sensor separately to each other. The system is able to detect the presence of a person or of an animal by means of heartbeats, from both an empty and a full vehicle. After analysis of the measured values by the central unit 106, the computer 108 shows the result of the measurement on a display. The result of the measurement can be presented to the user simply, by presenting the filtered raw signal, which when the vehicle is empty is an almost straight line, and if the vehicle contains people or animals the movement caused by their heartbeats is clearly visible as a deviating curve. The program can also itself notify that e.g. no people were detected in the vehicle, or notify that the vehicle should be inspected in more detail. A measurement result can also be visualized, and e.g. graphs of the measured values or of the analysis results can be presented to the user.
Fig. 2 presents one system according to the invention, in which a sensor 201 of the system is a sensor 201 to be fitted under a bedplate 202. In this embodiment the vehicle to be inspected can be driven onto the bedplate 202, below which the sensor 201 is fitted. After this no special procedures for positioning the sensor are needed, but instead the system is immediately ready to use for measuring. The bedplate 202, below which the sensor is installed, can be e.g. of concrete, asphalt or some other corresponding material. The sensor 201 can be an individual sensor that covers the whole area of the vehicle. The movement produced by the hearts of a person or of an animal is transmitted in this embodiment into a structure of a vehicle, via it to the tyres of the vehicle, from the tyres to the bedplate that is under them and finally the force produced by the movement of a heart is transmitted to the sensor that is below the bedplate. Otherwise the embodiment of the system presented in Fig. 2b operates in essentially the same way as the embodiment presented in Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 presents a system according to the invention, in which there are a number of sensors 301 to be placed below a bedplate 202. The sensors 301 can be smaller than the sensor 201 presented in Fig. 2. The sensors 301 can transmit their measured values one at a time to the central unit 106. Otherwise the embodiment of the system presented in Fig. 3 operates in essentially the same way as the embodiment presented in Fig. 2.
With the system according to the invention the presence of a person or of an animal in many types of vehicles, such as in e.g. lorries, saloon cars, trailers or caravans, can be detected. The user can have the possibilty to select from the central unit 106 or from the computer 108 the type of vehicle, and the central unit 106 can comprise, in its embedded electronics or in its computer 108, different programs and settings according to the type of vehicle for analysis of the sensor data. In order to improve the measurement result, the engine, air-conditioning apparatus, compressors or other corresponding devices of the vehicle must be turned off during the measurement.
According to one embodiment of the invention the measured values of the sensors 102 are transmitted to the central unit 106 wirelessly by means of short-range radio technology, e.g. with WLAN technology or with Bluetooth. Also the connection between the computer 108 and the central unit 106 can be implemented with wireless technology, e.g. with WLAN technology or with Bluetooth.
The invention thus relates to a system for detecting heartbeats, which system comprises a sensor or sensors and a central unit connected to the sensor or sensors. The sensors are planar sensors 102, 201, 301 to be placed below the tyres 104 of a vehicle. The central unit 106 of the system is fitted to analyze the measured values of the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 and to detect by means of an analysis of the measured values the heartbeats of a person or of an animal that is in the vehicle.
According to one preferred embodiment the sensor or sensors 102 of the system are fitted immediately below the tyres 104 of the vehicle.
According to one preferred embodiment the sensor or sensors 201, 301 of the system are fitted under a bedplate 202, onto which a vehicle can be driven.
According to one preferred embodiment the sensor or sensors 201, 301 of the system can be fitted under a bedplate 202, which is of concrete, asphalt or some corresponding material.
According to one preferred embodiment the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 of the system are fitted to measure a change of force.
According to one preferred embodiment the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 of the system comprise an electret bubble film containing flat gas bubbles.
According to one preferred embodiment the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 of the system are electrically-charged electret bubble film.
According to one preferred embodiment the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 of the system comprise a piezoelectric film, e.g. a PVFD film, or piezoelectric crystals.
According to one preferred embodiment the operating principle of the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 is based on resistance that changes with a change of force or on some other corresponding technology that measures a change of force.
According to one preferred embodiment the embedded electronics or computer 108 of the central unit 106 of the system comprises different analysis programs and measuring programs for different types of vehicles. According to one preferred embodiment the central unit 106 of the system is connected to the sensor or sensors 102, 201, 301 with conductors 103.
According to one preferred embodiment the central unit 106 of the system is connected to the computer 108 with short-range wireless radio technology.
According to one preferred embodiment Wi-Fi technology or Bluetooth technology is used as the short-range radio technology.
It is obvious to the person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments presented above, but that it can be varied within the scope of the claims presented below. The characteristic features possibly presented in the description in conjunction with other characteristic features can, if necessary, also be used separately to each other.

Claims

1. System for detecting heartbeats, which system comprises a sensor or sensors and a central unit connected to the sensor or sensors, characterized in that
- the sensor or sensors are planar sensors (102, 201, 301) to be placed below the tyres (104) of a vehicle and;
- the central unit (106) is fitted to analyze the measured values of the sensor or sensors (102, 201, 301) and to detect by means of the analysis of the measured values the heartbeats of a person or of an animal that is in the vehicle.
2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor or sensors (102) are fitted immediately below the tyres (104) of a vehicle.
3. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the sensor or sensors (201, 301) are fitted under a bedplate (202), onto which bedplate (202) a vehicle can be driven.
4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the sensor or sensors (201, 301) can be fitted under a bedplate (202), which bedplate (202) is of concrete, asphalt or some corresponding material.
5. System according to any of claims 1 - 4, characterized in that the sensor or sensors (102, 201, 301) are fitted to measure a change of force.
6. System according to any of claims 1 - 5, characterized in that the sensor or sensors (102, 201, 301) are electrically-charged electret bubble film.
7. System according to any of claims 1 - 6, characterized in that the sensor or sensors (102, 201, 301) comprise a piezoelectric film, e.g. a PVFD film, or piezoelectric crystals.
8. System according to any of claims 1 - 7, characterized in that the operating principle of the sensor or sensors (102, 201, 301) is based on resistance that changes with a change of force or on some other corresponding technology that measures a change of force.
9. System according to any of claims 1 - 8, characterized in that the embedded electronics or computer (108) of the central unit (106) comprises different analysis programs and measuring programs for different types of vehicles.
10. System according to any of claims 1 - 9, characterized in that the central unit (106) is connected to the sensors (102) with conductors (103).
11. System according to any of claims 1 - 10, characterized in that the central unit (106) is connected to the computer (108) with short-range wireless radio technology.
12. System according to claim 11, characterized in that Wi-Fi technology or Bluetooth technology is used as the short-range radio technology.
PCT/FI2010/050859 2009-10-29 2010-10-28 System for detecting heartbeats WO2011051569A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20096118A FI20096118A0 (en) 2009-10-29 2009-10-29 Heartbeat identification system
FI20096118 2009-10-29
FI20105019A FI20105019A (en) 2009-10-29 2010-01-12 SYSTEM FOR RECOGNITION OF HEARTBREAKS
FI20105019 2010-01-12

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2011051569A1 true WO2011051569A1 (en) 2011-05-05

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/FI2010/050859 WO2011051569A1 (en) 2009-10-29 2010-10-28 System for detecting heartbeats

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FI (2) FI20096118A0 (en)
WO (1) WO2011051569A1 (en)

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050093401A1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2005-05-05 Heikki Raisanen Method for the manufacture of a sensor element, and a sensor element
US20060089753A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for detecting presence of a human in a vehicle
WO2008101725A2 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Vincent Spruytte Method for detecting movement
JP2009198344A (en) * 2008-02-22 2009-09-03 Nittetsu Elex Co Ltd Living body detection system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050093401A1 (en) * 1999-07-01 2005-05-05 Heikki Raisanen Method for the manufacture of a sensor element, and a sensor element
US20060089753A1 (en) * 2004-10-25 2006-04-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc System and method for detecting presence of a human in a vehicle
WO2008101725A2 (en) * 2007-02-23 2008-08-28 Vincent Spruytte Method for detecting movement
JP2009198344A (en) * 2008-02-22 2009-09-03 Nittetsu Elex Co Ltd Living body detection system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FI20096118A0 (en) 2009-10-29
FI20105019A0 (en) 2010-01-12
FI20105019A (en) 2011-04-30

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