WO2011046111A1

WO2011046111A1 - Method and device for manufacturing hydrogen

Info

Publication number: WO2011046111A1
Application number: PCT/JP2010/067863
Authority: WO
Inventors: 利春深井
Original assignee: Fukai Toshiharu
Priority date: 2009-10-13
Filing date: 2010-10-12
Publication date: 2011-04-21
Also published as: JPWO2011046111A1; JP4728452B2; TW201132582A

Abstract

Provided are a method and a device that can easily extract hydrogen from a particular type of water and aluminum. The particular type of water and the aluminum (66) are brought into contact inside a container (60), and a heating means (69) heats the interior of the container (60) to at least 30°C. By bringing the particular type of water into contact with aluminum (66) at a temperature of 30°C or greater, hydrogen can be generated inside the container (60). If the temperature inside the container (60) is brought to at least 80°C, a larger quantity of hydrogen can be generated.

Description

Hydrogen production method and hydrogen production apparatus

The present invention relates to a hydrogen production method and a hydrogen production apparatus for generating hydrogen using special water and aluminum.

It is conventionally known to use hydrogen as a fuel gas. Many inventions have been provided as production methods for producing hydrogen. For example, a method of thermally decomposing 100% water to obtain hydrogen, an IS method (Iodine-Sulf) method in which sulfuric acid is thermally decomposed and hydrogen is extracted using iodine water are known. The IS method is one in which hydrogen and oxygen are decomposed and taken out from water through a bunsen reaction step, a hydrogen iodide concentration decomposition step, and a sulfuric acid concentration decomposition step (Patent Document 1). In addition, a method for decomposing water in which metal zinc, magnetite, and water are reacted to generate hydrogen as a reaction product is known (Patent Document 2).

A method for producing hydrogen in which hydrogen is generated by bringing aluminum or magnesium into contact with water is known (Patent Document 3).

JP-A-2005-41764 JP 2001-270701 A JP2007-290888

In a method in which hydrogen is obtained by thermally decomposing 100% water, water has a strong bond between hydrogen and oxygen, so theoretically it does not decompose into hydrogen and oxygen unless a temperature of 3,000 ° C to 5,000 ° C is given. It is said. In the method of obtaining hydrogen by thermally decomposing water at a temperature of 3,000 ° C. or higher, it is not possible to obtain a substantial method for obtaining a high temperature of 3,000 ° C. or higher, and such a high-temperature space from the outside Hydrogen generation by thermal decomposition of water because there are many problems such as inability to make equipment to maintain low cost and inconceivable means to supply water continuously in a high temperature space Has not been realized.

Since the IS method shown in Patent Document 1 requires a high heat of about 900 ° C., a high temperature gas furnace or the like must be used as a heat source. This high temperature gas furnace has a high manufacturing cost, and hydrogen is manufactured through three steps, and the cost for manufacturing hydrogen is very high.

In the method for decomposing water shown in Patent Document 2, hydrogen is produced by reacting metal zinc and magnetite with water vapor at 600 ° C., and a heating means for producing 600 ° C. water vapor must be provided.

In the method for producing water shown in Patent Document 3, non-freezing water having a pH of 4 to 10 is used as water, and hydrogen is generated even at 0 ° C. or lower. In Patent Document 3, hydrogen is generated by the reaction between aluminum and water. However, since the reaction is performed at a low temperature of 0 ° C. or less, a large amount of hydrogen cannot be generated at a low temperature, and hydrogen is generated with high economic efficiency. Can not occur.

The present invention relates to a hydrogen production method capable of producing hydrogen by bringing special water and aluminum into contact with each other, and a hydrogen production apparatus for efficiently producing hydrogen by bringing special water and aluminum into contact with each other. The purpose is to provide.

In the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention, water is first passed through an ion exchange resin, and then either tourmaline or rock containing 65 to 76% silicon dioxide composed of at least one of rhyolite or granite. The water produced by passing the other first is made into special water, and the temperature in the container is 30 ° C. or more in the state where the special water and aluminum are put in the container and contacted in the container. By making the boiling point less than the special water, hydrogen is generated by reacting the special water with the aluminum. The present invention is characterized in that the temperature in the container is kept between 80 ° C. or more and less than the boiling point of the special water. In the present invention, the aluminum is powdered, the special water is made alkaline (alkaline special water) by generating hydrogen by setting the temperature in the container to 80 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the special water, By supplying new aluminum powder to the alkaline special water in the container, the temperature in the container is maintained between 80 ° C and below the boiling point of the special water without heating by heating means to generate hydrogen. It is characterized by making it. The present invention is characterized in that when the temperature in the container is 30 ° C. or higher and lower than 80 ° C., the temperature in the container is continuously increased by a heating means. The present invention is characterized in that the ion exchange resin is a strongly acidic cation exchange resin (RzSO ₃ Na). The present invention is characterized in that the tourmaline for producing the special water is mixed with at least one metal of aluminum, stainless steel, and silver. The present invention is characterized in that the rhyolite is a rock composed of at least one of obsidian, pearlite, or pine stone. The present invention is characterized in that the aluminum is 5 weight or more with respect to 100 weight of the special water. The present invention is characterized in that the weight of the aluminum is 10 weight or more. The present invention is characterized in that a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution obtained by adding sodium hydroxide to the special water is brought into contact with aluminum in the container. The present invention is characterized in that the temperature in the container is raised to 30 ° C. or higher by the reaction heat between the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and the aluminum without using a heating means for applying heat from the outside of the container. It is. The present invention is characterized in that the temperature in the container is set to 80 ° C. or higher by the reaction heat between the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and the aluminum. The present invention is characterized in that the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1% or more. The present invention is characterized in that the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 3% or more. The present invention is characterized in that the aluminum is provided at the bottom of the container, and the liquid level of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is higher than the highest level of the aluminum.

In order to achieve the above object, the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention first passes water through an ion exchange resin, and then contains 65 to 76% of tourmaline and silicon dioxide comprising at least one of rhyolite or granite. A container for containing special water produced by passing either one of the included rocks first and the other later and making the water alkaline (alkaline special water), and aluminum in the container An aluminum charging means for charging the aluminum, and the aluminum charged in the container from the aluminum charging means is placed on the aluminum dropping means, and a residue in which the aluminum is melted is dropped below the container from the mesh. A mesh member disposed higher than the bottom of the container, and communicates with the interior of the container. A liquid circulation path for introducing caustic special water and discharging the alkaline special water from the container; and a liquid circulation path provided in the middle of the liquid circulation path, wherein the alkaline water is provided in the container. Liquid supply means for supplying special water, liquid take-out means for taking out the alkaline special water from the container, provided in the middle of the liquid circulation passage, and the liquid circulation passage In the middle of the liquid circulation passage, and in the middle of the liquid circulation passage, the residue catching means for catching the residue taken out together with the alkaline special water taken out from the container. Supplying the alkaline special water to the liquid charging means and storing the alkaline special water taken out from the liquid taking-out means It is characterized in that it has a tank, a. In the present invention, the liquid take-out means includes a first pump and a first valve provided on a side close to a position where the alkaline special water is discharged from the container, and the liquid input means is provided in the container. The second pump and the second valve provided on the near side where the special alkaline water is introduced, and a tank are provided, and the residue capturing means is provided upstream of the first pump in the middle of the liquid circulation passage. The tank is provided downstream of the first pump. The present invention is characterized in that the special alkaline water is produced by generating hydrogen from the special water and aluminum at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher in a container. Is. The present invention is characterized in that the alkaline special water is obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide into the special water so that the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.1% or more. It is. The present invention is characterized in that the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 3% or more.

The material used in claim 1 of the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention uses only two kinds of materials of commercially available aluminum and special water (creation water), and the temperature in the container is 30. Hydrogen is generated when the temperature is higher than or equal to ° C. In the present invention, hydrogen can be produced at a very low cost using only aluminum and special water (generation water) without using a chemical agent or a metal other than aluminum as a main material.

The special water used in the present invention contains a large amount of hydrogen atoms such as hydroxyl ion (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ), hydroxide ion (OH ⁻ ), and hydrogen ion (H ⁺ ). Since aluminum is an electrode amphoteric element, when the temperature of special water reaches 30 ° C or higher, many positive and negative electrodes appear in aluminum, and the positive and negative electrodes generate weak currents. It is presumed to promote the electrolysis of special water in the container and generate a large amount of hydrogen from the special water. Furthermore, since the time for generating hydrogen from special water is long, a large amount of hydrogen can be generated. It is presumed that the present invention has an effect of delaying the stretching of the film on the surface of aluminum by hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ) contained in special water.

In the present invention, when hydrogen is generated by bringing special water and aluminum into contact with each other in the container, the heating temperature of the container is 30 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of special water. Can be done by heating. Since heating is performed under atmospheric pressure, hydrogen is generated using a simple and inexpensive device without the need for special equipment such as conventional thermal decomposition of water at 3,000 ° C to 5,000 ° C. Can be made. In the case where the heating means is used to heat aluminum and the creation water in the container, the generation of hydrogen can be stopped by stopping the heating. Therefore, it is possible to quickly generate and stop hydrogen, and it can be applied to various devices that use hydrogen as fuel.

When a container containing special water and aluminum is heated to 80 ° C or higher once to generate hydrogen, if new aluminum is brought into contact with the special water (into the container), hydrogen is generated. Due to the subsequent contact between special water and new aluminum, the temperature in the container is maintained at 80 ° C. or higher without heating by heating means, and hydrogen is continuously generated. Since hydrogen is continuously generated without using a heating means, the fuel cost for heating can be saved. This is because neutral special water reacts with aluminum to generate a part of hydrogen, and then the special water becomes alkaline, so that the alkaline special water in this container is not heated by heating means. By reacting with newly added aluminum, the temperature in the container is maintained at 80 ° C. or higher, and hydrogen is continuously generated. In addition, when aluminum is used as a powder, the amount of hydrogen generated greatly increases.

Aluminum is put in the bottom of the container, and the uppermost layer of aluminum is covered with creation water (or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution described later). That is, if aluminum is immersed in the creation water or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, the generation of an oxide film on the surface of the aluminum is delayed by hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ) contained in the creation water. The generation time of hydrogen can be increased.

Instead of only special water, a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in which sodium hydroxide is mixed with special water may be used. When a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in which sodium hydroxide is mixed with special water is used, reaction heat is generated by bringing the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and aluminum into contact with each other in the container. The reaction heat can raise the temperature in the container to 30 ° C. or more by self-heating, and hydrogen can be generated in the container without using a heating means for applying heat from the outside of the container. The reaction heat of the aluminum and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution causes the temperature in the container to be 80 ° C. or higher at which hydrogen is generated in a large amount, so that it can be applied to a case where a large amount of hydrogen is desired to be generated. The temperature of the heating means for applying heat from the outside of the conventional container is 600 ° C. to 5,000 ° C., requiring expensive equipment, but in the present invention, the heating means for applying heat from the outside of the container can be omitted, It uses only a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution obtained by adding sodium hydroxide to special water and aluminum, and can produce hydrogen at a low cost. The present invention generates hydrogen by self-temperature rise by reaction heat, and does not use a heating means for applying heat from the outside of the container or heat from electricity. It becomes possible to mount in etc.

In the method for producing hydrogen of the present invention, by using a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in which sodium hydroxide is mixed with special water, the amount of hydrogen generated is increased and oxygen is generated compared to the case of using only special water. The amount can be greatly reduced. When the generation ratio of oxygen is lowered as much as possible, a method for separating oxygen from a gas containing hydrogen and oxygen can be simplified, and the cost for producing hydrogen can be reduced.

The hydrogen generator of the present invention uses alkaline special water that generates hydrogen only by contacting with aluminum without using heating means. As water that generates hydrogen just by contacting with aluminum, water after special hydrogen and aluminum are contacted and heated to 80 ° C or higher to generate hydrogen (becomes alkaline) or special Any one of aqueous sodium hydroxide mixed with water and sodium hydroxide is used. A placing member for placing aluminum is housed in a container for housing special alkaline water and aluminum, and the placing member is placed in the container so as to be above the bottom surface in the container. The aluminum on the mounting member melts by reacting with alkaline special water to form extremely small particles or paste-like debris, falls down through the mesh of the mesh member, and falls to the bottom in the container. To accumulate as a residue. A liquid circulation passage communicating with a lower portion of the container, and a liquid take-out means for discharging the residue from the container in the middle of the liquid circulation passage; a residue catching means for catching the residue discharged from the container; and the container By installing a special charging water or a liquid charging means for supplying sodium hydroxide aqueous solution inside, the aluminum residue accumulated in the container is automatically discharged to the outside by circulating the alkaline special water. It is possible to supply special alkaline water into the container at any time. In this apparatus, if a known aluminum charging means capable of supplying aluminum at any time without opening the container lid can be used, the aluminum can be charged and the residue discharged from the container can be discharged without opening the container. Hydrogen can be continuously generated. Since hydrogen can be continuously generated, the present invention can be applied to automobiles that are driven for a long time.

It is a block diagram which shows an example of the manufacturing apparatus which produces the special water (creation water) used for the manufacturing method of hydrogen which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing of the water generator used for the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. It is principal part sectional drawing of the ion generator used for the manufacturing apparatus shown in FIG. It is a block diagram which shows the other example of the manufacturing apparatus which produces the special water used for the manufacturing method of hydrogen which concerns on this invention. It is sectional drawing which shows an example of the apparatus which generate | occur | produces hydrogen of this invention. Measurement analysis report showing the percentage of hydrogen generated in the container with 100 weight special water (creative water) and 10 weight aluminum powder in the container, and the container temperature is 30 ° C or higher. Is shown. A measurement analysis report showing the generation percentage of hydrogen in a container in a state where 100 weight of fresh water and 10 weight of aluminum powder are put in the container and the temperature in the container is kept at 80 ° C. or higher. . It is a measurement certificate which shows the pH value of creation water. It is a measurement certificate which shows the pH value of the creation water after hydrogen was once generated with the creation water and aluminum. The measurement analysis result document which shows generation | occurrence | production% of hydrogen in a container in the state which put 100 weight alkali ion water and 10 weight aluminum powder in a container and made the temperature in a container 30 degreeC or more is shown. The measurement analysis result document which shows generation | occurrence | production% of hydrogen in a container in the state which put 100 weight alkali ion water and 10 weight aluminum powder in a container and kept the temperature in a container at 80 degreeC is shown. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of the apparatus which generates the hydrogen of this invention. FIG. 13 is a measurement analysis report showing the generation percentage of hydrogen generated by heating with heating means using creation water and aluminum in the apparatus of FIG. 12. FIG. 14 is a measurement analysis report showing the generation percentage of hydrogen generated by heating sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in which sodium hydroxide is added to creation water and aluminum with heating means in the apparatus of FIG. 13. It is sectional drawing which shows the other example of the apparatus which generate | occur | produces hydrogen of this invention. FIG. 16 is a first measurement / analysis report showing hydrogen generation% generated when the sodium hydroxide concentration in the hydrogen generator of FIG. 15 is 5%. FIG. 16 is a second measurement / analysis result report showing the generation percentage of hydrogen generated when the sodium hydroxide concentration in the hydrogen generator of FIG. 15 is 10%. FIG. 16 is a third measurement analysis report showing the generation percentage of hydrogen generated when the sodium hydroxide concentration in the hydrogen generator of FIG. 15 is 15%. It is a table showing the reaction start time and reaction duration of hydrogen generation when reacting with various waters (alkali ion water and natural water) having a sodium hydroxide concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% and aluminum. is there. A table showing the reaction start time and reaction duration of hydrogen generation in the case of reacting with various waters (creative water and tap water) having a sodium hydroxide concentration of 5%, 10% and 15% and aluminum. is there. The table shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 is graphed, and the sodium hydroxide concentration is 5%. FIG. 21 corresponds to the tables shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 and is a graph in which the sodium hydroxide concentration is 10%. This corresponds to the tables shown in FIG. 19 and FIG. 20, and is a graph in which the sodium hydroxide concentration is 15%. It is a table | surface which shows the reaction start time and reaction duration of hydrogen generation at the time of using sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and aluminum (shot) whose sodium hydroxide concentration is 0%, 1%, and 3%. FIG. 25 is a graph showing a reaction start time and reaction duration table for hydrogen generation using sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions having a sodium hydroxide concentration of 1% and 3% shown in FIG. It is a table | surface which shows the reaction start time and reaction duration of hydrogen generation at the time of using sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and aluminum powder whose sodium hydroxide concentration is 0%, 1%, and 3%. FIG. 27 is a graph showing a table of hydrogen generation reaction start time and reaction duration when sodium hydroxide aqueous solutions having a sodium hydroxide concentration of 1% and 3% shown in FIG. 26 are used. The Example of the hydrogen generator of this invention is shown, It is sectional drawing of the hydrogen generator which can supply aluminum suitably. It is the structure which takes out only hydrogen from the gas which generate | occur | produces with the hydrogen generator shown in FIG. FIG. 5 is a system diagram of a hydrogen generator that can supply appropriately created water made alkaline, showing another embodiment of the hydrogen generator of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 1st soft water generator 12 2nd soft water generator 14 Ion generator 16 Rock container 32 Ion exchange resin 46 Tourmaline 48 Metal 54 Rock 60 Container 66 Aluminum 69 Heating means 75 Creation water 77 Aluminum powder 78 Container 82 Cover 84 84 One valve means 86 Communication pipe 88 Second valve means 96 Net member 98 Cooling pipe 104 Cooler 106 Cooling pipe 122 Liquid circulation passage 128 First electromagnetic valve 130 Filter 132 First pump 134 Tank 136 Second pump 138 Second electromagnetic valve

In the method for producing hydrogen according to the present invention, hydrogen is generated by bringing special water and aluminum into contact with each other within a predetermined temperature range (30 ° C. or more and less than the boiling point of special water).

Before describing the method for producing hydrogen according to the present invention, first, special water used in the present invention (hereinafter referred to as “creation water”) will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram showing an embodiment of a device for producing fresh water. The first soft water generator 10, the second soft water generator 12, the ion generator 14, and the rock storage container 16 are sequentially connected in series via connecting pipes 18 a, 18 b, and 18 c. In the first soft water generator 10, water having a pressure such as tap water is introduced from the water supply pipe 20 into the inside through the communication pipe 22. An inlet opening / closing valve 24 such as a faucet is provided between the water supply pipe 20 and the communication pipe 22, and a check valve 26 is provided in the middle of the communication pipe 22. A discharge pipe 28 is attached to the outlet side of the rock container 16, and an outlet opening / closing valve 30 is provided at the tip or middle of the discharge pipe 28.

In the case of tap water, the water fed from the water supply pipe 20 passes through the first soft water generator 10, the second soft water generator 12, the ion generator 14, and the rock storage container 16 in this order, and the outlet opening / closing valve 30. Is taken out from the discharge pipe 28 by opening. In the case other than tap water, although not shown, the water stored in the water tank is introduced into the first soft water generator 10 via the water supply pipe 20 by a pump. In this case, a check valve 26 is provided between the pump and the first soft water generator 10.

The first soft water generator 10 and the second soft water generator 12 contain a large amount of granular ion exchange resin 32 therein, and a cross-sectional view thereof is shown in FIG. The main bodies 34 of the

soft water generators

10 and 12 have a cylindrical shape, and have

water inlets

36a and 36b on the upper and lower ends of the cylindrical shape. Inside the cylindrical main body 34,

shield members

38a and 38b each having a hole in the center are provided on the inner wall at a position slightly away from the upper and lower end surfaces. Between the pair of

shield members

38a, 38b, the ion exchange resin 32 is stored in a fine mesh 40. The shield member 38 having a hole in the center is provided on the inner wall at a position slightly apart from the upper and

lower entrances

36a, 36b. The net 40 containing the ion exchange resin 32 is disposed between the pair of shield members 38. This is because the

spaces

42a and 42b are formed in the vicinity of the

entrances

36a and 36b. The reason why the water is allowed to enter and exit from the central hole of the

shield members

38 a and 38 b is that the water always contacts the ion exchange resin 32. The reason why the ion exchange resin 32 is put into the net 40 is that the granular ion exchange resin 32 can be taken out together with the net 40 when the granular ion exchange resin 32 is taken out for cleaning.

The first soft water generator 10 and the second soft water generator 12 have a height of, for example, 80 cm and an inner diameter of 10 cm. For example, the storage height of the ion exchange resin 32 is set to 70 cm (the

spaces

42 a and 42 b exist above and below). At this time, the storage height of the ion exchange resin 32 needs to be high enough to sufficiently perform ion exchange with water. On the other hand, when the storage height of the ion exchange resin 32 becomes too high (for example, when the storage height of the ion exchange resin 32 is about 200 cm or more), the ion exchange resin 32 becomes a resistance of water, and the inside of the soft water generator. Since the passing flow rate decreases, the storage height of the ion exchange resin 32 is set to a height at which the flow rate does not decrease. The container for storing the ion exchange resin 32 is divided into two because the height of the first soft water generator 10 and the second soft water generator 12 is as high as the ion generator 14 and the rock container 16. This is to keep the pressure low and to prevent the flow rate from decreasing due to the pressure loss of water passing therethrough. It is also possible to combine the two

soft water generators

10 and 12 into one soft water generator.

The ion exchange resin 32 is for removing metal ions such as Ca ²⁺ , Mg ^2+, and Fe ²⁺ contained in water to soften the water. In particular, the water hardness is reduced to zero. It is for lowering to a near extent. As the ion exchange resin 32, for example, a strongly acidic cation exchange resin (RzSO ₃ Na) obtained by uniformly sulfonating a spherical copolymer of styrene / divinylbenzene is used. This ion exchange resin 32 causes the following ion exchange reaction with metal ions such as Ca ²⁺ , Mg ²⁺ and Fe ²⁺ contained in water.
2RzSO ₃ Na + Ca ²⁺ → (RzSO ₃ ) ₂ Ca + 2Na ⁺
2RzSO ₃ Na + Mg ²⁺ → (RzSO ₃ ) ₂ Mg + 2Na ⁺
2RzSO ₃ Na + Fe ²⁺ → (RzSO ₃ ) ₂ Fe + 2Na ⁺
That is, by passing the ion exchange resin 32, Ca ²⁺ , Mg ²⁺ , Fe ^{2+ and the} like contained in water can be removed. By using a strongly acidic cation exchange resin (RzSO ₃ Na) as the ion exchange resin 32, sodium ions (Na ⁺ ) are generated. As the ion exchange resin 32, a material other than Na ⁺ may be generated, but it is desirable to use a material that generates Na ⁺ , for example, a strongly acidic cation exchange resin (RzSO ₃ Na). If the water is tap water, the tap water contains chlorine in addition to metal ions such as Ca ²⁺ , Mg ^2+, and Fe ^2+, but the tap water passes through the ion exchange resin 32. As a result, no change occurs in this chlorine.

On the other hand, when water (H ₂ O) passes through the ion exchange resin 32, it changes as follows.
_{^{H 2 O → H + + OH}} - ...... (1)
H ₂ O + H ⁺ → H ₃ O ⁺ (2)
That is, as shown in (1) and (2), hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ) and hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ) are generated from water by passing through the ion exchange resin 32.

As described above, when the water is hard water, the metal ions such as Ca ²⁺ , Mg ^2+, and Fe ²⁺ are removed from the water by passing through the ion exchange resin 32 to become soft water. Further, by passing through the ion exchange resin 32, Na ⁺ , OH ^−, and hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ) are generated in the water. However, chlorine (Cl) contained in tap water passes through without being ionized.

Next, a partial cross-sectional view of the ion generator 14 is shown in FIG. The ion generator 14 is configured such that a plurality of cartridges 44 are connected in series in the vertical direction in the same arrangement. Each cartridge 44 contains either granular tourmaline 46 or a mixture of granular tourmaline 46 and plate-like metal 48. Tourmaline has a positive electrode and a negative electrode. The positive electrode and the negative electrode allow water to have an electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 4 to 14 microns, and cut water clusters to hydronium. This is for generating ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ). The energy of the electromagnetic wave having a wavelength of 4 to 14 microns is 0.004 watt / cm ² . Here, the tourmaline 46 may be a product obtained by finely pulverizing tourmaline stones, but is commercially available with a weight ratio of tourmaline, ceramic, and aluminum oxide (including silver) of about 10:80:10. It may be a tourmaline mixture called tourmaline pellets. The ceramic contained in this tourmaline pellet acts to separate the positive and negative electrodes. Here, tourmaline 46 disappears in a predetermined period (for example, about 3 months with a diameter of 4 mm) by stirring water by mixing tourmaline 46 at a ratio of 10% or more by weight with respect to ceramic and heating at 800 ° C. or higher. 46 can be made. The tourmaline 46 is increased in strength by heating, and the wear resistance period can be extended. The ion exchange resin 32 is passed to make the water soft water whose hardness is close to zero, and the tourmalines 46 are rubbed together in the soft water. With soft water whose hardness is close to zero, it is possible to prevent magnesium ions and calcium ions from adhering to the negative electrode of the tourmaline 46, and to prevent the tourmaline 46 from functioning as a positive and negative electrode. .

As the metal 48, at least one kind of metal such as aluminum, stainless steel, or silver is used. The metal 48 is preferably a metal that does not generate rust or dissolve in water. Of these metals 48, aluminum has a bleaching action as well as a bactericidal action and an antibacterial action, stainless steel has a bactericidal action and an antibacterial action, and a cleaning improvement action, and silver has a bactericidal action and an antibacterial action. Yes. As the metal 48, copper and lead cannot be used because they have toxicity. Also, expensive materials such as gold cannot be used because of cost. The weight ratio of the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 is preferably 10: 1 to 1:10. Beyond that range, there is too much material on one side, and the effects of both materials cannot be demonstrated simultaneously.

The cartridge 44 has a cylindrical shape with one end open, and a plurality of holes 52 are provided on the bottom surface 50 thereof. When the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 are put in the cartridge 44, the size of the hole 52 is set so that the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 do not pass through the hole 52 of the bottom surface 50. As shown in FIG. 3, each cartridge 44 has a bottom surface 50 provided with a large number of holes 52 on the lower side, and a tourmaline 46 and a metal 48 are placed on the bottom surface 50. And it sets so that the inside of each cartridge 44 may flow from lower to higher. That is, in each cartridge 44, the water that has passed through the numerous holes 52 in the bottom surface 50 is set so as to be sprayed onto the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 from the bottom to the top. Here, since the tap water has a high water pressure, the water having the water pressure collides with the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 in the cartridge 44 vigorously, and the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 are agitated in the cartridge 44 by the power of the water. As described above, the size and number of the holes 52 are set. Stirring the tourmaline by injecting water into the tourmaline causes friction between the tourmaline and the water due to the agitation, and positive and negative electrodes from the tourmaline dissolve in the water, cutting the water cluster and hydronium ions ( This is because a large amount of (H ₃ O ⁺ ) is generated.

As an actual installation example, the cartridges 44 having an inner diameter of 5 cm and a storage volume of 7 cm in depth are stacked in four stages, and the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 are sufficiently stored in the cartridge 44. Of the cartridge 44 can be freely moved by the momentum of water in the cartridge 44. The number of cartridges 44 may be increased or decreased, or a single cartridge 44 with a larger storage volume may be used. As described above, the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 are dispersed in the plurality of cartridges 44 having a small accommodation volume, and the plurality of cartridges 44 are connected, so that the stirring efficiency of the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 is increased by the momentum of water. Can be increased. Since the tourmaline 46 stored in the cartridge 44 dissolves in water and disappears in a few months, each cartridge 44 can be easily attached and detached by means of, for example, screwing, and the tourmaline 46 is easily refilled in each cartridge 44. It can be so. The metal 48 does not dissolve in water and need not be replenished. However, the entire cartridge 44 containing the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48 can be replaced. The accommodation volume of the cartridge 44 may be changed according to the flow rate of use.

In order to increase the negative ions added to the water passing through the cartridge 44, the tourmaline 46 rubs against each other to generate a positive electrode and a negative electrode, and when the water contacts the tourmaline 46, the increase in negative ions is increased. Can be achieved. Further, in order to cut the water cluster and generate a large amount of hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ), only the tourmaline 46 may be accommodated in the cartridge 44. However, by mixing the metal 48 with the tourmaline 46, the negative ions generated in the tourmaline 46 when they come into contact with each other can be further increased.

Since tourmaline 46 has a plus electrode and a minus electrode, when tourmaline is stirred with water, water (H ₂ O) is dissociated into hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ).
_{^{H 2 O → H + + OH}} - ...... (1)
Further, hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ) having a surface active action are generated by hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ) and water (H ₂ O). The amount of hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ) generated is much larger than the amount generated by the ion exchange resin 32.
H ₂ O + H ⁺ → H ₃ O ⁺ (2)
A part of the hydronium ion (H ₃ O ⁺ ) is combined with water (H ₂ O) to become a hydroxyl ion (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ) and a hydrogen ion (H ⁺ ).
H ₃ O ⁺ + H ₂ O → H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ + 2H ⁺ (3)

By passing the water that has passed through the ion exchange resin 32 through the ion generator 14, hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ), hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ), H ^+, and OH ⁻ Will occur. Note that chlorine (Cl) that has passed through the ion exchange resin 32 and Na ⁺ generated in the ion exchange resin 32 pass through the ion generator 14 without reacting.

The water that has passed through the ion generator 14 is then allowed to pass through the inside of the rock container 16 that stores rocks containing a large amount of silicon dioxide (rocks containing approximately 65 to 76% silicon dioxide) among the igneous rocks. Among the igneous rocks (divided into volcanic rocks and plutonic rocks), as rocks 54 containing a large amount of silicon dioxide, volcanic rocks include rhyolite such as obsidian, pearlite, and pine sebite, and plutonic rocks include granite. The rock container 16 stores at least one kind of rocks such as obsidian, pearlite, pinestone, and granite. Rhyolite such as obsidian, pearlite and pine stone, or granite has negative electrons. Furthermore, rhyolite and granite such as obsidian, pearlite and pinestone are acid rocks. Rhyolite has the same chemical composition as granite.

Of these igneous rocks, rocks containing about 65-76% silicon dioxide (Rhyolite such as obsidian, pearlite and pinestone, or plutonic rocks such as granite) are -20 to -240 mV of redox. Has a potential. However, the rock 54 excludes what dissolves in water. The rock container 16 is, for example, a cylinder having an inner diameter of 10 cm and a height of 80 cm, and a rock 54 containing a large amount of silicon dioxide among igneous rocks having a size of, for example, about 5 mm to 50 mm in the inside thereof, Accommodates an amount that does not drop.

When the water that has passed through the ion generator 14 is allowed to pass through the rock container 16, e ⁻ (minus electrons) is added to the water. As a result, chlorine (Cl) contained in tap water becomes chlorine ions due to negative electrons.
^{^{Cl + e - → Cl - ......}} (4)
This Cl ⁻ and the Na ⁺ are in a stable state as ions. The stable state means that the ionic state is maintained for a long time without evaporating. The hydroxyl ion (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ) is also stable as an ion. By passing the water through the rock 54, hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ) are further generated and the hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ) are also hydrogen ions (H H ⁺ ) is also generated.
H ₂ O + H ⁺ → H ₃ O ⁺ (2)
H ₃ O ⁺ + H ₂ O → H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ + 2H ⁺ (3)
In addition to the passage of water through the rock 54, the following reactions also occur.
OH ⁻ + H ⁺ → H ₂ O (5)
2H ⁺ + 2e ⁻ → 2H ₂ (6)
Further, when water passes through the rock container 16, the redox potential of the water changes from +340 mV to −20 to −240 mV due to the negative electrons of the rock 54. If hot water is used instead of water, the negative redox potential becomes more stable. Furthermore, the water that has passed through the rock 54 contains a large amount of dissolved oxygen and active hydrogen.

As shown in FIG. 1, water first passes through the ion exchange resin, then passes through tourmaline 46 (or a mixture of tourmaline 46 and metal 48), and then passes through the rock container 16. Things are special water (creative water). The creation water includes Na ⁺ , Cl ⁻ , H ⁺ , OH ⁻ , H ₂ , hydronium ion (H ₃ O ⁺ ), hydroxyl ion (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ), and active hydrogen. And a large amount of dissolved oxygen. The energy of this water has an electromagnetic wave with a wavelength of 4 to 14 microns, which is 0.004 watt / cm ² , and has a redox potential of −20 to −240 mV.

As water used in the method for producing hydrogen according to the present invention, use is made of water created by passing water through ion exchange resin 32, tourmaline 46 (or a mixture of tourmaline 46 and metal 48), and rock 54 in this order. To do. In FIG. 1, water is passed in the order of ion exchange resin 32, tourmaline 46 (or a mixture of tourmaline 46 and metal 48), and rock 54, but water is passed in this order, but water is passed through ion exchange resin 32, rock 54, tourmaline 46 (or You may use what passed the order of tourmaline 46 and the metal 48). That is, as shown in FIG. 4, water may be passed through the first soft water generator 10, the second soft water generator 12, the rock container 16, and the ion generator 14 in this order.

In FIG. 4, the water that has passed through the ion exchange resin 32 then passes through the rock 54. The rock 54 generates e ⁻ (minus electrons) in the water. As a result, chlorine contained in tap water becomes chlorine ions due to negative electrons.
^{^{Cl + e - → Cl - ......}} (4)
This Cl ⁻ and Na ⁺ generated by the ion exchange resin 32 are in a stable state as ions. Even water that has passed through the ion exchange resin 32 may not contain Na ⁺ .
The water that has passed through the ion exchange resin 32 contains H ⁺ , OH ^−, and hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ), as shown in the above (1) and (2). When the water that has passed through the ion exchange resin 32 subsequently passes through the rock 54, the following reaction also occurs.
OH ⁻ + H ⁺ → H ₂ O (5)
H ₂ O + H ⁺ → H ₃ O ⁺ (2)
2H ⁺ + 2e ⁻ → 2H ₂ (6)
In this reaction, a larger amount of hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ) than that generated by the ion exchange resin 32 is generated.
As described above, by passing through the rock 54 after the ion exchange resin 32, Na ⁺ and OH ⁻ which have been conventionally present in the water, and newly generated Cl ⁻ and hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ). Will exist. Further, the water passed through the rock 54 has an oxidation-reduction potential of −20 to −240 mV. If hot water is used instead of water, the negative redox potential is further stabilized. Furthermore, the water that has passed through the rock 54 contains a large amount of dissolved oxygen and active hydrogen.

The water that has passed through the rock 54 is then passed through the inside of the ion generator 14 containing the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48. This causes the following reaction.
_{^{H 2 O → H + + OH}} - ...... (1)
H ₂ O + H ⁺ → H ₃ O ⁺ (2)
This hydronium ion (H ₃ O ⁺ ) is generated in large quantities. A part of the hydronium ion (H ₃ O ⁺ ) becomes a hydroxyl ion (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ).
H ₃ O ⁺ + H ₂ O → H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ + 2H ⁺ (3)
As a result, hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ), hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ), OH ⁻ , and H ⁺ increase in water that has passed through the tourmaline 46 and the metal 48.

As shown in FIG. 4, when water is passed in the order of ion exchange resin 32, rock 54, and tourmaline 46 (or a mixture of tourmaline 46 and metal 48), Na ⁺ , Cl ⁻ , and OH ⁻ are passed. And hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ), hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ), H ⁺ , dissolved oxygen, and active hydrogen, and the same components as the created water created in FIG. Including. Furthermore, it has an electromagnetic wave of 4 to 14 microns having an energy of 0.004 watt / cm ² and an oxidation-reduction potential of −20 to −240 mV. As a result, the water created in FIG. 4 and the created water created in FIG. 1 have the same effect. The water generated by the apparatus of FIG. 4 is the same as the generated water generated in FIG. 1 and the water contained in the water as a result, so the water generated by the apparatus of FIG.

The results of water quality inspection for this creation water are shown below. The value of tap water to be compared with this fresh water is shown in parentheses. However, the same value as tap water in tap water shall be “same”. Nitrite nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen: 1.8 mg / l (same), chloride ion: 6.8 mg / l (9.0 mg / l), general bacteria: 0 / ml (same), cyanide 0.01 mg less than / l (same), mercury: less than 0.0005 mg / l (same), organic phosphorus: less than 0.1 mg / l (same), copper: less than 0.01 mg / l (same), iron: 0.05 mg / l Less than l (less than 0.08 mg / l), Manganese: Less than 0.01 mg / l (same), Zinc: Less than 0.005 mg / l (less than 0.054 mg / l), Lead: Less than 0.01 mg / l (same ), Hexavalent chromium: less than 0.02 mg / l (same), cadmium: less than 0.005 mg / l (same), arsenic: less than 0.005 mg / l (same), fluorine: less than 0.15 mg / l (same) ), Calcium ions / magnesium ions, etc. (hardness): 1.2 mg / l (49.0 mg / l), phenols: less than 0.005 mg / l (same), anionic sea surface active agent 0. Less than 2 mg / l (same), pH value: 6.9 (same), odor: no off-flavor (same), taste: no off-flavor (same), chromaticity: 2 degrees (same), turbidity: 0 degrees (1 Every time)

Creation water has many characteristics listed below.
(a) Hydronium ion (H ₃ O ⁺ ), hydroxyl ion (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ), hydrogen ion (H ⁺ ), hydrogen, hydroxyl group (OH ⁻ ), sulfate ion (SO ₄ ²⁻ ), Hydrogen carbonate ions (HCO ₃ ⁻ ), carbonate ions (CO ₃ ²⁻ ), metasilicic acid (H ₂ SiO ₃ ), and free carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ).
(b) There is a surface active action.
It has a surface active action (OW-type fresh water emulsifying action)
(c) There is a weak energy (nurturing light) effect.
Tourmaline emits weak energy (electromagnetic waves with a wavelength of 4 to 14 microns). This weak energy cuts a large cluster of water and releases toxic gases and heavy metals contained in the cluster to the outside from the water.
(d) It has a redox potential of −20 to −240 mV.
(e) Contains dissolved oxygen and active hydrogen.
(f) Soft water from which calcium ions and magnesium ions have been removed.
By passing tap water or the like through the ion exchange resin, calcium ions and magnesium ions contained in the water can be removed.

Next, a method for producing hydrogen gas according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. Before explaining the method for producing hydrogen gas of the present invention, an example of the production apparatus will be explained. The manufacturing apparatus includes a container 60 and a lid 61 of the container, and the container 60 is normally used in a state of being closed by the lid 61. The lid 61 is provided with a nozzle 64 having a communication passage 65 formed therein for connecting the inside of the container and the outside of the container. An opening / closing valve 68 for opening and closing the communication passage 65 is provided in the middle of the nozzle 64. Yes. A barometer 71 that measures the pressure inside the container 60 and a thermometer 73 that measures the temperature inside the container 60 are attached to the top of the container 60. The upper shape of the container 60 is preferably a conical shape or a pyramid shape such that the horizontal cross section gradually narrows toward the lid 61. This is to make it easy to collect light hydrogen gas generated in the container 60 above the container 60 and to take out the hydrogen gas from the container 60 to the outside. A heating means 69 for heating the container 60 is provided below the bottom surface of the container 60. The heating means 69 is not limited to thermal power, and may be solar light, an electric heater, or the like. Further, the arrangement position of the heating means 69 is not limited to the position below the bottom surface of the container 60.

In the present invention, special water (creating water) 75 and aluminum powder 77 are placed in the container 60, and the creating water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 are heated by the heating means 69. The amount of the creation water 75 is made sufficiently large relative to the amount of the aluminum powder 77 so that the aluminum powder 77 is sufficiently immersed in the creation water 75. The only two materials used to generate hydrogen are the created water 75 and the aluminum powder 77. That is, no metal or chemical substance other than aluminum is contained in the container 60, and hydrogen is generated only by heating the creation water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 in the container 60.

Example 1 will be described based on aluminum powder. A commercially available powder of this aluminum is used. The aluminum powder is commercially available from Yamato Metal Powder Industry Co., Ltd., located in Nishi-12, Nishi-ku, Osaka. In the first embodiment, 1 liter of fresh water 75 and 100 g of aluminum powder 77 are placed in the container 60, and the fresh water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 in the container 60 are heated by the heating means 69. That is, the weight ratio of the creation water 75 and aluminum is 10 weights of aluminum with respect to 100 weights of creation water. Heating in the container 60 by the heating means 69 starts from normal temperature (for example, 20 ° C.), and heats the temperature in the container 60 to 30 ° C. or higher. Hydrogen begins to be generated at a temperature slightly lower than 30 ° C., but a large amount of hydrogen is generated in the container 60 at 30 ° C. or higher.

It has been found that hydrogen is generated when the creation water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 in the container 60 are heated to 30 ° C. or higher. However, in order to provide objectivity, a measurement analysis of the experimental results is performed by a third party. Was requested. FIG. 6 shows a measurement analysis report as the analysis result. The measurement analysis report shown in FIG. 6 and the subsequent figures according to the present invention was prepared by Shinano pollution research institute (telephone 0267-56-2189) located in 1835 Tateshina-machi, Kitasaku-gun, Nagano, Japan. Is.

The measurement analysis report shown in Fig. 6 will be described. FIG. 6 shows that fresh water 75 and aluminum powder 77 are put in a container 60, the temperature in the container 60 is heated to 30 ° C. or higher by the heating means 69, and the air in the container 60 is cooled by a 10 liter bag. It is collected. In the reaction between the creation water 75 and the aluminum powder 77, hydrogen is generated while the container 60 is heated by the heating means 69. However, when heating by the heating means 69 is stopped, hydrogen is not generated after a while. From 30 ° C. to less than 80 ° C., heating to generate hydrogen is to gradually and gradually raise the temperature in the container 60. In the case of heating at the same temperature, hydrogen continues to be generated for a while, but the generation of hydrogen stops halfway. For this reason, from 30 degreeC which is the temperature which generate | occur | produces hydrogen, it heats with a low heat so that the temperature in the container 60 may rise gradually gradually. From this, generation | occurrence | production and a stop of hydrogen can be easily performed while the temperature in the container 60 is 30 degreeC or more and less than 80 degreeC.

The hydrogen generated in the container 60 is collected with a 10 liter bag (not shown) attached to the tip of the nozzle 64. The air collected from the container 60 is bubbled before measurement. Bubbling means that the collected air is submerged in water contained in a container (not shown). Bubbling the collected air has the effect of removing moisture contained in the collected air (performing air-water separation) and cooling the air. The result of measuring the air after bubbling the air collected at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher is the measurement analysis result document of FIG. As shown in FIG. 6, the air heated to gradually increase the temperature continuously at 30 ° C. or higher contained 75% hydrogen and 5.2% oxygen. That is, it was found that a large amount of hydrogen is generated when the container 60 containing the aluminum powder 77 and the fresh water is heated at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher so as to gradually increase the temperature. Since the heating temperature is a temperature that gradually increases gradually at 30 ° C. or higher, in the experiment of FIG. 6, the pressure in the container 60 is atmospheric pressure (1 atm).

Next, the measurement analysis report shown in FIG. 7 will be described. The temperature in the container 60 is gradually increased from 30 ° C. to 80 ° C., and when the temperature reaches 80 ° C., the temperature in the container 60 is maintained at a temperature between 80 ° C. and below the boiling point of the created water. . The temperature of the boiling point of the fresh water is 102-104 ° C. At a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the generated water, hydrogen is generated simply by keeping the temperature. When the temperature in the container 60 is 80 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the created water, it is not necessary to continuously increase the temperature. The measurement analysis report in FIG. 7 is obtained by collecting the air in the container 60 in a 10-liter bag at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the created water. As a result of measurement by bubbling the collected air, hydrogen was 98% and oxygen was 0.3%. Since the heating temperature is 80 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the created water, the pressure in the container 60 in FIG. 7 is atmospheric pressure (1 atm).

It is not necessary to continuously increase the temperature in the container 60 at a temperature in the container 60 that is 80 ° C. or higher and before the boiling point of the created water, but the temperature in the container 60 is kept at 80 ° C. or higher. There is a need. That is, the heating state must be performed intermittently. When the heating state is stopped and the temperature is 80 ° C. or lower, hydrogen is not generated. Therefore, a large amount of hydrogen can be generated if the temperature in the container 60 is kept at 80 ° C. or higher and below the boiling point of the created water. In addition, when the generation of hydrogen is stopped, the temperature and heating of the container 60 may be stopped and the temperature may be set to 80 ° C. or lower. From this, it is possible to easily generate and stop hydrogen.

As the temperature increases from 30 ° C. to 80 ° C., the content ratio of hydrogen contained in the collected air gradually increases. This is apparent from the fact that the hydrogen content at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher is 75% and the hydrogen content at a temperature of 80 ° C. is 98%. Since the hydrogen content at a temperature of 30 ° C. or higher is 75%, it is considered that the amount of hydrogen generated is sufficiently large. From 1 liter of fresh water 75 and 100 g of aluminum powder 77, hydrogen was generated for about 40 to 50 minutes. In Example 1, about 2.0 liters of hydrogen was produced per 1 g of the aluminum powder 77.

The creation water contains hydronium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ), hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ), hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ), hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ), and the like. Since hydrogen gas is generated from nium ions (H ₃ O ⁺ ), hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ), hydrogen ions (H ⁺ ), and hydroxide ions (OH ⁻ ), It is considered that more hydrogen can be generated than water such as natural water or alkali ion water.

Hydrogen is generated by reacting the creation water with aluminum, but aluminum reacts with the creation water to generate hydrogen, so that the oxide film covers the surface of the aluminum, and the generation of hydrogen is stopped by the oxide film. . Hydrogen is generated from the creation water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 for 40 to 50 minutes. When tap water or the like is used instead of the fresh water, the generation time of hydrogen due to the reaction with aluminum is zero or sufficiently short. From this, it can be seen that by using the creation water 75, the time during which an oxide film is generated on the surface of aluminum can be significantly delayed. The reason for significantly delaying the generation of the oxide film on the surface of the aluminum powder 77 is not clear, but hydroxyl ions (H ₃ O ₂ ⁻ ) prevent the oxide film from adhering to the surface of the aluminum powder 77 for a long time. It is guessed that. If an oxide film is stretched on the surface of aluminum and hydrogen is no longer generated, the aluminum powder 77 may or may not be discharged from the container 60 as long as the generated water 75 remains in the container 60. If new aluminum powder 77 is added to the container 60, hydrogen is generated again.

The weight of the aluminum powder 77 put in the container 60 is 5 weights or more with respect to 100 weights of the creation water (50 grams or more of the aluminum powder 77 with respect to 1 liter of creation water). If the weight of the aluminum powder 77 placed in the container 60 is less than 5 weights, the amount of hydrogen generated is very small, so that it is not suitable for practical use. The best weight range of the aluminum powder 77 is the weight from 10 weight or more (100 g or more of the aluminum powder 77 to 1 liter of the created water) to the aluminum powder 77 reaching the level of the created water. If the aluminum powder 77 is less than 10 weight, the amount of hydrogen generated is less than the amount of hydrogen generated at 10 weight. When the aluminum powder 77 exceeds 30 weights, the amount of hydrogen generated is almost the same as when it is 30 weights, and the cost 77 of the aluminum powder is high, so the aluminum powder is preferably 10 to 30 weights.

As described above, in the present invention, hydrogen can be generated by setting the temperature in the container 60 containing the created water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 to 30 ° C. or higher. In order to raise the temperature in the container 60, either the container 60 may be heated by the heating means 69 or the heated creation water may be added. When the temperature at which the inside of the container 60 is heated is 30 ° C. or more and less than 80 ° C., it is necessary to continuously increase the temperature when the inside of the container 60 is heated. The temperature at which the inside of the container 60 is heated does not necessarily require a continuous temperature rise, and can be kept at a temperature between 80 ° C. and below the boiling point of the generated water. Easy to adjust. Furthermore, the amount of hydrogen generated between 80 ° C. and below the boiling point of the created water is much larger than the amount of hydrogen generated at a temperature of 30 ° C. and below 80 ° C. In the first embodiment of the present invention, hydrogen is generated by using the created water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 as materials and heating them in the container 60 under atmospheric pressure, so that a device capable of withstanding high pressure is not required. Therefore, the apparatus is inexpensive and a large amount of hydrogen can be obtained.

In the apparatus shown in FIG. 5, 1 liter of fresh water 75 and 100 g of aluminum powder 77 are first placed in a container 60 and heated to 80 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the generated water to 80 ° C. or higher. When the temperature is maintained, hydrogen is released for 40 to 50 minutes. In the state where hydrogen is not emitted, an oxide film is formed on the aluminum powder 77 in the container 60, and the function of hydrogen generation by the aluminum powder 77 is deteriorated. However, a large amount of creation water 75 exists in the container 60. To do. Therefore, in order to generate more hydrogen, whether new hydrogen powder 77 is added in the container 60 at a temperature of 80 ° C. or higher, for example, in a state where hydrogen is no longer generated or in a state where hydrogen is continuously generated. The water 75 reacts with the newly added aluminum powder 77 to generate hydrogen again.

Suppose that the oxide film is formed on the aluminum powder 77 and hydrogen is not generated, so that the operation of the apparatus is stopped and the hydrogen generation operation is resumed the next day. On the next day, the temperature of the created water in the container 60 is lowered to the outside air temperature (for example, 10 ° C. to 20 ° C.). Although the temperature in the container 60 is the outside air temperature, when a new aluminum powder 77 is put in the container 60, the aluminum powder 77 reacts with the created water in the container 60 and is not heated by the heating means 69. However, the temperature in the container 60 rises to 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. Thereafter, even if the inside of the container 60 is not heated, the temperature in the container 60 is maintained at 80 ° C. to 90 ° C., and hydrogen is generated.

When the function of aluminum in the container 60 is lost, the temperature in the container 60 can be raised to 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. and maintained at that temperature simply by adding aluminum (without heating by the heating means 69). Is only aluminum powder. When the aluminum is granular or small pieces, the temperature in the container 60 must always be heated to a temperature not lower than 80 ° C. and not higher than the boiling point of the created water by the heating means 69. In addition, when there is no creation water in the container 60 and new creation water is added, the inside of the container 60 must be heated again by the heating means 69 from the beginning. However, when newly created water is added in a state where the created water remains in the container 60, the inside of the container 60 may not be heated by the heating means 69 in the case of the aluminum powder 77.

Here, when new aluminum powder 77 is put into the container 60 where the fresh water 75 remains, the temperature in the container 60 rises to 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. without heating by the heating means 69. The reason why hydrogen is generated will be described. Before that, the pH change between the created water itself and the created water after reacting with the aluminum powder 77 to generate hydrogen will be described. FIG. 8 is a measurement certificate of the generated water before generating hydrogen, and FIG. 9 is a measurement certificate of the generated water after reacting with the aluminum powder 77 to generate hydrogen. It is the pH that changes greatly. As shown in FIG. 8, the pH of the created water before reacting with the aluminum powder 77 is 7.4 (neutral). The pH of the created water after reacting the created water with the aluminum powder 77 to generate hydrogen was 9.8 as shown in FIG. 9, and the created water was alkaline. That is, the water after the creation water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 react to generate hydrogen becomes alkaline creation water. Even if the hydrogen is generated using not only the aluminum powder 77 but also granular or small pieces, the creation water becomes alkaline creation water. In addition, as shown in FIG. 8, the sodium ion contained in the creation water is 26 mg / L, but the wound ion in the container 60 after generating hydrogen using the creation water and the aluminum powder 77 is used. Sodium ions contained in the raw water slightly increased to 35 mg / L. As can be seen from FIGS. 8 and 9, the neutral created water becomes alkaline after reacting with the aluminum powder 77 to generate hydrogen.

Thus, by adding new aluminum powder 77 to the created water whose pH has become alkaline, the temperature in the container 60 rises to 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. Thereafter, the temperature in the container 60 is kept at 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. without heating the container 60 with heating means. If new creation water is added while the creation water remains in the container 60, the temperature in the container 60 will be reduced within a short period of time, depending on the capacity of the container 60 and the amount of creation water to be added. Rises to 80 ° C. to 90 ° C., and then the temperature in the container 60 is maintained at 80 ° C. to 90 ° C. without heating the container 60. If the temperature of the creation water to be added is hot water heated to, for example, 80 ° C. or higher, the temperature in the container 60 is not lowered once, so that the generation of hydrogen can be continued efficiently.

Here, based on the estimation that the same result could be obtained if alkaline ion water was used instead of the fresh water, the same experiment as the fresh water was performed using the alkaline ion water. First, aluminum powder and alkali ion water were put in the container 60, and the inside of the container 60 was heated to 30 ° C. or higher by a heating means. The result is shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 10, 17% hydrogen and 18% oxygen were contained. Next, aluminum powder and alkaline ionized water were put in the container 60, and the inside of the container 60 was heated to 80 ° C. or higher by a heating means, and the result shown in FIG. 11 was obtained. As shown in FIG. 11, 13% hydrogen and 19% oxygen were contained. As can be seen from the above results, the amount of hydrogen generated by the reaction between the creation water 75 and the aluminum powder 77 is sufficiently larger than the amount of hydrogen generated by the reaction between the alkaline ionized water and the aluminum powder 77. Therefore, the generation amount of hydrogen is greatly different between alkaline creation water and alkaline ionized water.

Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing an embodiment of an apparatus showing a method for producing hydrogen according to the present invention. The container 60 is made of, for example, stainless steel, but is not limited to stainless steel. A multistage shelf 62 is provided inside the container 60 on the top and bottom, and a large number of small granular or small pieces of aluminum 66 are placed on each shelf 62. Many shelves 62 are provided with a number of holes (not shown) that are large enough to allow water or air to pass therethrough so that the aluminum 66 does not fall downward. The multistage shelf 62 provided in the container 60 is taken in and out from a door (not shown) provided on the side surface of the container 60. The bottom of the container 60 is also provided with a large number of small granular or small pieces of aluminum 66 (which may be aluminum powder). A gas discharge passage 65 is provided in the upper portion of the container 60, and a gas such as hydrogen generated in the container 60 is discharged to the outside through the gas discharge passage 65. The gas discharge passage 65 is opened and closed by an opening / closing valve 68. Heating is performed from the outside of the container 60 by a heating means 69 such as a heater. The heating means 69 for heating the inside of the container 60 from the outside of the container 60 may use a thermal power such as a gas other than the heater. When the heating means 69 is an electric heater, the outside of the heater is covered with a heat insulating material 76 to prevent the temperature in the container 60 from decreasing toward the atmospheric temperature.

A water injection means 70 is provided above the uppermost shelf 62 in the container 60 for spraying and spraying water on the entire area of the uppermost shelf 62 like a shower. The “water” to be put in the container 60 is either creation water or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in which sodium hydroxide is added to the creation water. In the present invention, “sodium hydroxide aqueous solution” refers to “an aqueous solution in which creation water and sodium hydroxide are mixed”. This aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is alkaline (alkaline creation water). The water injection means 70 is supplied with fresh water or an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution through a water supply passage 72, and a water amount adjustment means 74 for adjusting the amount of supply water is provided in the middle of the water supply passage 72. . Fresh water or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is jetted downward from the water jet means 70 in the upper part of the container 60 like a shower. The fresh water or the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution sprayed from the water spraying means 70 reaches the next shelf 62 through the aluminum 66 on the uppermost shelf 62, and sequentially reaches the shelf 62 below, Eventually, the bottom of the container 60 is reached.

In the invention of the second embodiment, fresh water or aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is used as the water sprayed from the water jetting means 70 into the container 60. That is, in the invention of Example 2, it is assumed that fresh water is used. When the created water is brought into contact with the aluminum 66, hydrogen is generated when the temperature is 30 ° C. or higher, and the amount of hydrogen generated increases as the temperature in the container 60 increases from 30 ° C. to 80 ° C. When the temperature in the container 60 is 80 ° C. or higher, the amount of hydrogen generated increases abruptly compared to less than 80 ° C.

Sodium hydroxide has the effect of increasing the amount of hydrogen generated from water and the amount of oxygen generated from water. When an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is used, the concentration of sodium hydroxide should be 0.1% or more, but the concentration of sodium hydroxide is about 1% to 15%, It is desirable because of the large amount and the short start time of hydrogen generation. The concentration of sodium hydroxide may be 15% or more, but the result is almost the same as the sodium hydroxide concentration of about 1% to 15%.

The water sprayed and sprayed from the water injection means 70 into the container 60 is created water, sodium hydroxide is provided on the shelf 62 in addition to the aluminum 66, and the created water falling from above comes into contact with sodium hydroxide. A sodium hydroxide aqueous solution may be used. That is, if the water in contact with the aluminum 66 in the container 60 is a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (an aqueous solution in which creation water and sodium hydroxide are mixed), the “sodium hydroxide aqueous solution” in the present invention is used. .

In Example 2 of the present invention, the fresh water or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and aluminum 66 are put in the container 60, and the inside of the container 60 is heated to 30 ° C. or more by the heating means 69 from the outside of the container 60. When a large amount of hydrogen is generated, the temperature in the container 60 may be set to 80 ° C. or higher. However, since hydrogen generation may not be stopped suddenly, a small amount of hydrogen generated is used. Is also possible. Therefore, even when the temperature in the container 60 is 30 ° C. to 80 ° C. and the amount of generated hydrogen is small, it can be used industrially. Note that the amount of hydrogen generated can be adjusted by the temperature in the container 60 and the concentration of sodium hydroxide in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution described later.

Here, the experimental result (measurement analysis report) in Example 2 will be described based on the measurement analysis report shown in FIGS. In FIG. 13, what is put in the container 60 is the creation water, and in FIG. 14, what is put in the container 60 is the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in which the creation water and sodium hydroxide are mixed. is there. The contents common to the “sample name” in FIGS. 13 and 14 are “creating water 100%, no tourmaline, 100% aluminum, heating (with heating means), 93 ° C., 0.075 MPa”. 13 and 14 are also prepared by the aforementioned Shinano pollution research institute.

Here, “No tourmaline, 100% aluminum” in FIGS. 13 and 14 will be described. Prior to achieving the present invention, water such as tap water was put in a container, and tourmaline was put together with aluminum 66 to generate hydrogen. As a result of various experiments related to this, the creation water or the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and the aluminum 66 only (without the tourmaline 76) are brought into contact with each other, and the creation water or the hydroxylation in a state of being in contact with the aluminum 66 is contacted. It was found that hydrogen was generated when the aqueous sodium solution was heated to 30 ° C. or higher. It should be noted that in the generation water or sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in contact with the aluminum 66, hydrogen is generated when the temperature in the container is 30 ° C. or higher. However, the generation water and the aluminum 66 generate a large amount of hydrogen. In order to prove, the temperature in the container was experimented at 93 ° C. (80 ° C. or higher). Figure shows a measurement and analysis report of the results of an experiment conducted with the contents of "100% fresh water, no tourmaline, 100% aluminum, heating (with heating means), temperature 93 ° C, pressure in the container 0.075 MPa" 13 and FIG. From these experiments, it can be seen that a large amount of hydrogen is generated at atmospheric pressure because the temperature is below the boiling point of the created water. According to various experiments, when, for example, tap water is used as the water, no hydrogen is generated even if it comes into contact with the aluminum 66 in the container.

Here, the measurement analysis report using the created water (FIG. 13) and the measurement analysis report using the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (FIG. 14) will be compared. In the measurement analysis report using the created water (FIG. 13), among the generated gases, hydrogen was 83%, oxygen was 3.8%, and the total amount of hydrogen was 2.1 liters. In the measurement analysis report (FIG. 14) using an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, the generated gas was 98% hydrogen, 0.3% oxygen, and the total amount of hydrogen was 11.2 liters.

Comparing FIG. 13 and FIG. 14, in the case of using the created water of FIG. 13, hydrogen is 83% and oxygen is 3.8%, whereas the sodium hydroxide solution of FIG. 14 is used. In the case, hydrogen was 99% and oxygen was 0.3%. From the above, it can be seen that sodium hydroxide functions to increase the hydrogen generation ratio and reduce the oxygen generation ratio. In particular, the total amount of hydrogen in FIG. 13 is 2.1 liters, whereas the total amount of hydrogen in FIG. 14 is 11.2 liters. It can be seen that it increases significantly.

This is because, by adding sodium hydroxide, the amount of hydrogen generated increases and the amount of oxygen generated decreases. However, when sodium hydroxide reacts with aluminum 66, hydrogen is removed from sodium hydroxide. It is thought that oxygen of sodium hydroxide is combined with aluminum to become aluminum oxide.

In FIG. 12, a container 60 is provided with a large number of shelves 62 above and below, a large number of granular or small pieces of aluminum 66 are provided on the shelves 62, and a fresh water or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution from above to below. Was dropped. Instead of this, the shelf 60 is not provided in the container 60, but granular or small pieces of aluminum 66 (powder may be used) are provided at the bottom of the container 60. You may make it enter to the height which covers. When the aluminum 66 is exposed to air when hydrogen is generated, a black oxide film is generated on the surface of the aluminum 66, and the hydrogen generation rate decreases with the passage of time. By immersing in aluminum, generation of an oxide film of aluminum 66 is suppressed.

When generating a large amount of hydrogen, the aluminum 66 reacts with the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and continues to generate reaction heat. By this reaction, the aluminum 66 is gradually dissolved into a residue (80 to 90% is aluminum hydroxide and 10 to 20% is sodium carbonate). When the aluminum 66 melts and becomes a residue, the reaction heat is not generated, so the residue on the shelf 62 and the new aluminum 66 must be replaced.

FIG. 15 is a sectional view of Example 3 of an apparatus used in the method for producing hydrogen according to the present invention. FIG. 15 (Example 3) differs from FIG. 12 (Example 2) in that the heating means 69 provided in Example 2 is omitted. In Example 2, the heating means 69 provided outside the container 60 was used to heat the creation water and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the container 60. However, in Example 3, the heating means outside the container was omitted. The temperature of the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the container 60 is raised to 30 ° C. or higher at which hydrogen is generated by the reaction heat in the container 60.

Conventionally, in order to obtain hydrogen from water, water is thermally decomposed using a heating means, but in Example 3, no heating means is used. In order to set the temperature in the container 60 to 30 ° C. or higher, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution and aluminum are brought into contact with each other in the container 60, and the temperature in the container 60 is set to the evaporation temperature of the created water (about 104 ° C.) Can be raised to near. Since the temperature in the container 60 becomes equal to or higher than the temperature (30 ° C.) at which a large amount of hydrogen is generated from the generated water in contact with the aluminum 66 due to the reaction heat, hydrogen can be generated in the container 60. it can. This heat of reaction can raise the temperature in the container 60 to 80 ° C. or higher at which a large amount of hydrogen is generated. As a result, in the invention of Example 3, hydrogen can be generated without using an external heating means.

The concentration of sodium hydroxide in the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is not particularly limited as long as it is 0.1% or more. The concentration of sodium hydroxide is economically desirable, for example, from 1 to 15%. The sodium hydroxide concentration may be 15% or more, but the effect is the same even if the sodium hydroxide concentration is high. The amount of hydrogen generated can be adjusted by the temperature in the container 60 and the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. In general, when the concentration of sodium hydroxide is about 0.1% to about 5%, the hydrogen generation amount gradually increases as the concentration increases.

Since the temperature in the container 60 becomes a temperature around 100 ° C. due to the reaction heat between the created water, sodium hydroxide and the aluminum 66, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution sprayed from the water spraying means 70 disposed above the container 60. The amount of sodium hydroxide aqueous solution sprayed from the water spraying means 70 is controlled by a control means (not shown) so that almost all of it evaporates when it reaches the aluminum 66 at the bottom of the container 60. As a result, the water sprayed from above in the container 60 evaporates before and after reaching the bottom of the container 60, and the evaporation efficiency of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution sprayed into the container 60 is good.

In FIG. 15, a container 60 is provided with a large number of shelves 62 above and below, a large number of granular or small pieces of aluminum 66 are provided on the shelves 62, and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is dropped from above to below. . Instead of this, the shelf 60 is not provided in the container 60, but granular, small pieces, or powdered aluminum 66 is placed in the bottom of the container 60, and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is placed to a height that covers the aluminum 66. good.

Next, using the apparatus shown in FIG. 15, experimental results for generating hydrogen by bringing aluminum 66 into contact with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (an aqueous solution obtained by mixing creation water and sodium hydroxide) are shown in FIGS. Shown in 16 to 18 show the results when the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 5% (FIG. 16), 10% (FIG. 17), and 15% (FIG. 18).

The content common to the “sample name” in FIGS. 16 to 18 is “the pressure in the container is 0.007 MPa (this is considered to be an error of 0.07 MPa), the temperature is 93 ° C., no tourmaline, aluminum shot, “Bubbling with 100% fresh water, no heating means.” The description of “no tourmaline” in the “sample name” is for the purpose of clarifying that only the aluminum 66 is present except for the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution to be put in the container 60 in the present invention, and no tourmaline is added.

Explain the description of “Aluminum shot” in “Sample name”. For aluminum, experiments were performed using aluminum shots and aluminum balls. In FIGS. 16 to 18, aluminum shot is used. The aluminum shot is a lump or small piece of aluminum material before being formed into something, and the purity of the aluminum itself is high. The aluminum ball is formed into a ball shape and is made easy to form by adding iron or the like, and the purity of the aluminum itself is lower than that of the aluminum shot.

The description “Bubbling with 100% creation water” in “Sample name” means that “gas such as hydrogen generated in the container is taken out of the container and then passed through 100% creation water”. . By passing a gas such as hydrogen generated in the container through 100% of the created water, moisture contained in the gas is removed, and the accuracy of the ratio of various gases is further increased.

According to the measurement analysis report shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, in the case of a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a sodium hydroxide concentration of 5% (FIG. 16), hydrogen is 98%, oxygen is 0.3%, and the total amount of hydrogen is 12.1 liters. . In the case of a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a sodium hydroxide concentration of 10% (FIG. 17), the hydrogen is 99%, oxygen is 0.2%, and the total amount of hydrogen is 12.5 liters. In the case of a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution having a sodium hydroxide concentration of 15% (FIG. 18), the total amount of hydrogen is 12 and 3 liters with 99% hydrogen and 0.3% oxygen. According to these measurement analysis reports, hydrogen is 98% by self-heating due to heat of reaction between aluminum 66 and sodium hydroxide aqueous solution without using heating means for heating the container from the outside of the container. It can be seen that a large amount is generated at about 99%, and an extremely small amount of oxygen is generated at about 0.2% to 0.3%. That is, in the present invention, the temperature of the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is raised to the hydrogen generation temperature (30 ° C.) or higher of the created water by the self-heating of the reaction heat without applying heat by the heating means from the outside of the container. Hydrogen can be generated from the created water. In addition, in sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, when temperature is 80 degreeC or more, hydrogen can be generated in large quantities.

As shown in the measurement analysis report shown in FIGS. 16 to 18, when a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in which sodium hydroxide is dissolved in 5%, 10%, and 15% concentration of fresh water is used, 98% to 99%. % Hydrogen was obtained. Here, FIG. 19 to FIG. 23 show the results of comparing the water to be mixed with sodium hydroxide using the fresh water and other water. The results of FIGS. 19 to 23 show that a lot of granular or small pieces of aluminum are put in the bottom of the container, and the liquid level of a mixture of sodium hydroxide and various kinds of soot is put to a height higher than the top of the aluminum. The experiment was carried out in the state.

19 and 20 are tables in which six types of experiments were performed on four types of water, namely, fresh water, tap water, alkaline ionized water, and natural water. Six types of experiments are: 5% sodium hydroxide concentration with aluminum shot and aluminum ball (2 types), 10% sodium hydroxide concentration with aluminum shot And aluminum balls are used (2 types), sodium hydroxide concentration is 15%, aluminum shot is used, and aluminum balls are used (2 types). Regarding the four types of water, the time from hydrogen generation by the combination of sodium hydroxide concentration (3 types) and aluminum (2 types). It was measured whether it was unreacted) and how long the hydrogen had been generated since the hydrogen was generated (the “reaction completed (stopped)” is the time during which the hydrogen generation was continued). .

FIGS. 21 to 23 are graphs based on the numerical values in the tables of FIGS. 19 and 20. The left graph in FIG. 21 is obtained by using aluminum shot at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 5%. In this graph, alkali ion water, natural water, and tap water do not generate hydrogen. In contrast, the generation water took 15 minutes to generate hydrogen, but after generating hydrogen, hydrogen continued to be generated until the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution disappeared. In FIG. 20, there are 120 minutes or more in the column of the created water at the end of the reaction (stop), which means that the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is exhausted.

The graph on the right side of FIG. 21 is obtained by using aluminum balls at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 5%. From this graph and FIGS. 19 and 20, alkali ion water, natural water, and tap water take 13 minutes, 5 minutes, and 8 minutes to generate hydrogen, and the time to continue generating hydrogen is 40 minutes. 33 minutes and 28 minutes. On the other hand, it was 1 minute until the generation water generated hydrogen, and the time for generating hydrogen was 90 minutes. In other words, the fresh water is much shorter than other water until hydrogen is generated, and the time during which hydrogen is continuously generated is longer than that of other water. Thus, from the tables of FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 and the graph of FIG. 21, it is desirable to use the created water as the water for generating hydrogen rather than alkaline ionized water, natural water or tap water. I understand.

The graph on the left of FIG. 22 shows a case where the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 10% and aluminum shot is used. From this graph and FIGS. 19 and 20, alkaline ionized water, natural water, and tap water take 27 minutes, 26 minutes, and 20 minutes to generate hydrogen, and the time that hydrogen is continuously generated is 80 minutes. 90 minutes and 45 minutes. On the other hand, the generation water took 10 minutes to generate hydrogen, and continued to generate hydrogen until the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution disappeared. Thus, from the tables of FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 and the left graph of FIG. 22, it is desirable to use the created water as the water for generating hydrogen from the alkaline ionized water, natural water or tap water. I understand.

The graph on the right side of FIG. 22 is obtained by using an aluminum ball with a sodium hydroxide concentration of 10%. From this graph and FIGS. 19 and 20, alkaline ionized water, natural water, and tap water take 3 minutes, 3 minutes, and 4 minutes to generate hydrogen, and the time to continue generating hydrogen is 27 minutes. 27 minutes and 30 minutes. On the other hand, it was 50 seconds until the generation water generated hydrogen, and the duration of generation of hydrogen was 75 minutes. Thus, from the tables of FIGS. 19 and 20 and the graph on the right side of FIG. 22, it is desirable to use the created water as the water for generating hydrogen from the alkaline ionized water, natural water or tap water. I understand that.

The graph on the left side of FIG. 23 is obtained by using aluminum shot at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 15%. From this graph and FIGS. 19 and 20, alkaline ionized water, natural water, and tap water take 12 minutes, 6 minutes, and 12 minutes to generate hydrogen, and the time to continue generating hydrogen is 37 minutes. 45 minutes and 26 minutes. On the other hand, the generation water required 3 minutes to generate hydrogen, and the duration of hydrogen generation was until the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution disappeared. Thus, from the tables of FIG. 19 and FIG. 20 and the left graph of FIG. 23, it is desirable to use the creation water as the water for generating hydrogen from the alkaline ionized water, natural water or tap water. I understand.

The graph on the right side of FIG. 23 shows a case where an aluminum ball is used at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 15%. From this graph and FIGS. 19 and 20, it takes 2 minutes, 1 minute, and 2 minutes for alkali ion water, natural water, and tap water to generate hydrogen, and the time to continue generating hydrogen is 25 minutes. 28 minutes and 20 minutes. On the other hand, it was 20 seconds until the generation water generated hydrogen, and the time for generating hydrogen was 43 minutes. Thus, from the tables of FIGS. 19 and 20 and the graph on the right side of FIG. 22, it is desirable to use the created water as the water for generating hydrogen from the alkaline ionized water, natural water or tap water. I understand that. As described above, it is clear from the tables of FIGS. 19 and 20 and the graphs of FIGS. 21 to 23 that it is clear that the time until hydrogen is generated and the duration of hydrogen generation is long. It is desirable to use raw water.

Next, the water to be used is four types of water, fresh water, tap water, alkaline ionized water, and natural water, and the sodium hydroxide concentration is 0%, 1%, 3%, Aluminum was experimented with two types of aluminum shot and aluminum powder. The experimental results are shown in FIGS. FIG. 24 to FIG. 27 show the results of experiments in a state where granular or small pieces of aluminum or aluminum powder are put in the bottom of the container, and a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is put up to a height that covers the aluminum.

In FIG. 24, aluminum shots are used, and the concentrations of sodium hydroxide are 0%, 1%, and 3%, and the water is created water, tap water, alkaline ionized water, and natural water 4 It is a table | surface which shows the experimental result made into the kind. FIG. 25 is a graph showing a part of the table of FIG.

The graph on the left side of FIG. 25 is obtained by using aluminum shot at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 1%. From this graph and the table in FIG. 24, when the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 1% and aluminum shot is used, hydrogen gas is generated in each of four types of fresh water, tap water, alkaline ionized water, and natural water. It never occurred.

The graph on the right side of FIG. 25 is obtained by using aluminum shot at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 3%. From this graph and the table of FIG. 24, it can be seen that tap water, alkali ion water, and natural water do not generate hydrogen. On the other hand, it took 40 minutes for generation water to generate hydrogen, but after generating hydrogen, it continued to generate hydrogen until the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution disappeared.

26, using aluminum powder (aluminum shot powder), the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0%, 1%, and 3%, and the water is fresh water, tap water, It is a table | surface which shows the experimental result made into four types of alkali ion water and natural water. FIG. 27 is a graph showing a part of the table of FIG.

The graph on the left of FIG. 27 shows the case where the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 1% and aluminum powder is used. From this graph and the table of FIG. 26, tap water, alkaline ionized water, and natural water take reaction time of 30 seconds and 60 seconds until hydrogen is generated, and the time for which hydrogen is continuously generated is determined as follows. 6 minutes and 4 minutes. On the other hand, the generation water was 10 seconds until hydrogen was generated, and the time during which hydrogen was continuously generated was 10 minutes. As shown in the graph on the left side of FIG. 27, the time during which hydrogen is continuously generated is 10 minutes, which is generated until the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the container is exhausted. This experiment is an experiment in which a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is put in a container. The time when the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the container disappears is 10 minutes. If the container is large, the time during which hydrogen is continuously generated is 10 minutes or more. It is clear. Thus, it can be seen from the table of FIG. 26 and the left graph of FIG. 27 that it is preferable to use the created water as tap water, alkaline ionized water or natural water as water for generating hydrogen. When the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 1%, hydrogen is generated until the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution disappears. However, as a result of the experiment, if the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.1% or more, hydrogen is generated. Will occur.

The graph on the right side of FIG. 27 is obtained by using aluminum powder at a sodium hydroxide concentration of 3%. From this graph and FIG. 26, tap water, alkaline ionized water, and natural water take 30 seconds, 15 seconds, and 15 seconds to generate hydrogen, and the time that hydrogen is continuously generated is 40 minutes, 45 seconds. Minutes, 45 minutes. In contrast, the generation water was instantaneous until hydrogen was generated, and the time during which hydrogen was continuously generated was 90 minutes. As shown in the graph on the right side of FIG. 27, the time during which hydrogen is continuously generated is 90 minutes, which is that hydrogen is generated until the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is used up. This experiment is an experiment in which a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is put in a container. The time when the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the container disappears is 90 minutes. If the container is large, the time during which hydrogen is continuously generated is 90 minutes or more. It is clear. Since hydrogen is instantaneously generated when the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 3% or more, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution using creation water is optimal when instantaneous hydrogen generation is required.

Thus, according to the table of FIG. 26 and the graph on the right side of FIG. 27, the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution using the created water is compared with the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution using alkali ion water, natural water or tap water. In addition, only a large amount of hydrogen is generated, and only an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution using the generated water instantaneously generates hydrogen. As a result, it can be seen that it is better to use the created water as water for generating hydrogen than alkali ion water, natural water or tap water. In particular, if aluminum is powdered and the sodium hydroxide concentration is 3% or more, hydrogen can be generated instantaneously and hydrogen can be generated for a long time.

Aluminum 66 reacts with the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution to generate reaction heat, which generates hydrogen from the generated water in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution gradually decreases. On the other hand, the aluminum 66 melts and becomes a residue. The residue is 80-90% aluminum hydroxide. If the aluminum 66 melts and becomes a residue and heat of reaction cannot be obtained, the residue on the shelf 62 and the new aluminum 66 must be replaced.

Next, another embodiment (Example 4) of the hydrogen production apparatus of the present invention will be described. In the apparatus according to the first embodiment (FIG. 5), the apparatus according to the second embodiment (FIG. 12), and the apparatus according to the third embodiment (FIG. 15), as a result of generating hydrogen, the aluminum 66 is melted and the residue in the container 60 is removed. It will remain. For this reason, when a large amount of residue in which hydrogen is no longer generated in the container 60 accumulates, the residue must be taken out from the container 60, and new aluminum 66 must be put in the container 60. It cannot be generated. For example, when hydrogen is used as a fuel for an automobile, if the hydrogen cannot be generated without interruption, the automobile may not be able to travel on the way.

Here, the hydrogen production apparatus of Example 4 will be described with reference to FIGS. This Example 4 is an apparatus for making it possible to generate hydrogen permanently.
The water used in this Example 4 is alkaline created water in which the created water is made alkaline. The alkaline creation water may be a creation water obtained by reacting a neutral creation water with the aluminum powder 77 to generate hydrogen, or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in which sodium hydroxide is mixed with the creation water. The container 78 contains an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and aluminum 66 therein. The container 78 has a cup shape with an upper opening, and the upper opening is closed by a funnel-shaped lid 82 (considered as a part of the container 78). The sides of the container 78 and the outside of the bottom surface are covered with a heat insulating material 80, and the temperature of the container 78 is prevented from decreasing toward the atmosphere. A first valve means 84 is attached above the funnel-shaped lid 82, and a tubular communication pipe 86 is attached on the first valve means 84. A two-valve means 88 is mounted on which a hopper 90 for storing a large amount of granular or small pieces of aluminum 66 is mounted. The first valve means 84 communicates and cuts off the internal space of the lid 82 and the internal space of the connecting pipe 86, and the second valve means 88 cuts off the communication between the internal space of the connecting pipe 86 and the inside of the hopper 90. To do. The first valve means 84 is actuated by the first motor 92 and the second valve means 88 is actuated by the second motor 94.

The lid 82 and the hopper 90 are fixed to a member (not shown), and the container 78 can be attached to and detached from the lid 82 by attaching / detaching means such as screwing. A rigid net member 96 having a bottomed cylindrical shape is attached to the inside of the container 78, and the bottom of the net member 96 is disposed at a slightly deeper position inside the container 78. The net member 96 is made of a metal or a synthetic resin that is not eroded by sodium hydroxide. The mesh size of the mesh member 96 is such that the granular or small pieces of aluminum 66 do not pass through and the residue, which is residue after the aluminum 66 has melted, falls downward, for example about 3 to 4 mm. Although the size is desirable, the size of the mesh is not limited to this.

A cooling pipe 98 as a cooling means is provided in the inner space of the funnel-shaped lid 82 (inner space of the container 60), and both ends of the cooling pipe 98 reach the outside of the lid 82. The cooling pipe 98 is preferably coiled in the internal space of the lid 82. Both ends of the cooling pipe 98 communicate with, for example, an automobile radiator, and a fluid such as a cooling liquid or gas passes through the cooling pipe 98 to cool the gas (hydrogen) in the internal space of the lid 82. A gas discharge passage 100 for taking out the hydrogen generated in the container 78 to the outside is attached above the attachment position of the cooling pipe 98 in the lid 82. The internal space of the container surrounded by the container 78 and its lid 82 communicates only with the internal space of the connecting pipe 86 opened and closed by the first valve means 84 and the gas discharge passage 100.

Next, a procedure for supplying the aluminum 66 in the hopper 90 into the container 78 will be described. First, with the valve (not shown) of the first valve means 84 closed, the valve (not shown) of the second valve means 88 is opened. Thereby, the aluminum 66 in the hopper 90 is supplied to the internal space of the connecting pipe 86. Thereafter, the valve (not shown) of the second valve means 88 is closed. When new aluminum 66 is needed in the container 78, the valve of the first valve means 84 is opened, and the aluminum 66 accumulated in the internal space of the connecting pipe 86 is put into the container 78. The aluminum 66 put into the container 78 is received by the mesh member 96 and collected at the bottom of the mesh member 96. Thereafter, the valve of the first valve means 84 is closed, then the valve of the second valve means 88 is opened, and the aluminum 66 in the hopper 90 is introduced into the internal space of the connecting pipe 86. Thereafter, the valve of the second valve means 88 is closed. By repeating this operation, a certain amount of aluminum 66 can be intermittently charged on the bottom of the net member 96 in the container 78. The aluminum charging means for charging the aluminum 66 in the hopper 90 into the container 78 includes a first valve means 84, a second valve means 88, a connecting pipe 86 and a hopper 90. However, the constituent members of the aluminum charging means are not limited to these configurations.

The liquid level 102 of the alkaline creation water in the container 78 is set to be higher than the upper surface of the aluminum 66 put into the bottom of the net member 96. When the aluminum 66 and the alkaline creation water come into contact with each other in the container 78, reaction heat is generated by the aluminum 66 and the alkaline creation water to generate hydrogen.

Next, an apparatus for extracting hydrogen from the gas generated in the container 78 is shown in FIG. A large amount of hydrogen is produced in the container 78, and water and a small amount of oxygen are contained together with the hydrogen. A gas containing a large amount of hydrogen is discharged from the container 78 to the outside through the gas discharge passage 100 (FIG. 28). The gas discharged from the gas discharge passage 100 communicates with a cooling pipe 106 provided inside the cooler 104 as shown in FIG. A cooling liquid (cooling fluid) 108 is provided in the cooler 104, and the cooling liquid 108 is discharged to the outside of the cooler 104 and cooled from the outside by a circulation system (not shown) such as an automobile radiator. Inflow into 104 is performed. As shown in FIG. 28, the cooling pipe 98 is provided in the internal space of the lid 82. However, either one of the cooling pipe 98 and the cooler 104 or both may be provided. .

In the vicinity of the cooler 104, a liquid tank 110 is provided. The other end of the cooling pipe 106 communicates with one end of the connecting pipe 112 outside the cooler 104, and the other end of the connecting pipe 112 is inserted into the liquid tank 110. A large number of holes (not shown) for discharging gas to the outside are formed in the connecting pipe 112 at a position inserted into the liquid tank 110. In the liquid tank 110, creation water or a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution (an aqueous solution composed of the creation water and sodium hydroxide) is placed. The upper part of the liquid tank 110 is closed with a lid, and the upper part inside the liquid tank 110 communicates with the outside through one end of the communication pipe 114.

A dryer 116 is provided adjacent to the liquid tank 110. A large number of desiccants 118 such as silica gel are accommodated in the drier 116. The other end of the connecting pipe 114 is horizontally disposed near the bottom of the dryer 116, and a plurality of holes (not shown) are provided at positions where the connecting pipe 114 is horizontally disposed near the bottom of the dryer 116. Is formed. A hydrogen take-out pipe 120 that communicates the inside and the outside is provided at the top of the dryer 116.

FIG. 29 will be described. The gas (high temperature) generated in the container 78 is mostly hydrogen as shown in FIGS. 16 and 17, but contains some water vapor and some oxygen. The hot gas is cooled by the cooler 104, and then the cooled gas is passed through the liquid tank 110. Water vapor contained in the gas is absorbed by the liquid tank 110. Some oxygen contained in the gas is absorbed by the creation water or the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Moreover, you may make it pass through several liquid tanks 110 in series as needed. Thus, of the gas generated from the vessel 78 (consisting of water vapor and hydrogen containing some oxygen), the water vapor and some oxygen are liquids in the liquid tank 110 containing the created water and the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution. By passing through it, it can be removed to only hydrogen.

The gas from which water vapor and oxygen have been removed in the liquid tank 110 is only hydrogen. Thereafter, hydrogen is introduced into the dryer 116, passes through a desiccant 118 such as silica gel, and moisture (water when passing through the sodium hydroxide aqueous solution in the liquid tank 110) is removed. To be taken out.

Next, an apparatus for removing the residue accumulated in the container 78 from the container 78 without stopping the generation of hydrogen will be described with reference to FIG. As the water used in this apparatus, alkaline creation water in which the creation water is made alkaline as described above is used. In the apparatus of the fifth embodiment, an annular liquid circulation passage 122 communicating with the container 78 at two locations is provided near the bottom of the container 78. A connection point with one of the containers 78 in the liquid circulation passage 122 is a first connection point 124, and a connection point with the other of the containers 78 in the liquid circulation passage 122 is a second connection point 126. In the middle of the liquid circulation passage 122 from the first contact point 124 to the second contact point 126, in order from the position close to the first contact point 124, a first electromagnetic valve 128, a filter 130 as a residue capturing means, The 1st pump 132, the tank 134 which accommodates alkaline creation water, the 2nd pump 136, and the 2nd solenoid valve 138 are provided. The positions of the second pump 136 and the second electromagnetic valve 138 may be moved back and forth. It is assumed that alkaline creation water flows in the liquid circulation passage 122 from the first connection point 124 toward the second connection point 126. Here, as the liquid input means for supplying the alkaline creation water to the container 78, the second pump 136 and the second electromagnetic valve 138 for introducing the alkaline creation water from the tank 134 into the container 78, Consists of. The liquid input means is not limited to this configuration. The liquid removal means for removing the alkaline creation water and the residue from the container 78 includes a first electromagnetic valve 128 and a first pump 132. The liquid take-out means is not limited to this configuration.

In the case where new alkaline created water is supplied into the container 78 by the liquid charging means, the first electromagnetic valve 128 is closed and the second electromagnetic valve 138 is opened, and the second pump 136 is operated. As a result, new alkaline creation water is taken out from the tank 134, and the alkaline creation water is supplied into the container 78 through the liquid circulation passage 122.

The aluminum 66 put into the mesh member 96 in the container 78 reacts with the alkaline creation water, melts and becomes small, falls downward from the mesh of the mesh member 96, and remains as a residue on the bottom in the container 78. Accumulate. A procedure for removing the residue from the container 78 will be described. When a residue of aluminum 66 is accumulated at the bottom of the container 78 and is taken out from the container 78, the first electromagnetic valve 128 is opened and the first pump 132 is operated. The suction force of the first pump 132 extends into the container 78 through the liquid circulation passage 122, and the residue is taken out of the container 78 together with the alkaline creation water from the container 78. Of the alkaline creation water and the residue sucked by the first pump 132, the residue is captured by the filter 130 which is a residue capturing means, and the alkaline creation water is removed from the dust by the filter 130 and stored in the tank. 134 and accumulated in the tank 134. The residue taken out from the container 78 is captured by the filter 130, and the residue is removed by replacing the filter 130. When removing the residue, when the level 102 (FIG. 28) of the alkaline creation water in the container 78 is lowered to a predetermined height, the second electromagnetic valve 138 is opened and the second pump 136 is operated. By doing so, fresh alkaline water is supplied into the container 78. In the tank 134, the pH concentration is always checked, and sodium hydroxide may be supplied as necessary.

Inside the container 78, the aluminum 66 is held by the net member 96, and the residue of the aluminum 66 is accumulated at the bottom of the container 78. Therefore, by providing a circulation structure of alkaline creation water that passes near the bottom of the container 78. The residue can be discharged from the inside of the container 78, and a new alkaline creation water can be supplied into the container 78. The discharge of the residue from the container 78 and the supply of new alkaline creation water into the container 78 can be performed without stopping the generation of hydrogen from the container 78. Therefore, hydrogen can be continuously generated, and it is suitable for use as a fuel for automobiles without interruption.

Claims

Pass water first through an ion exchange resin followed by either tourmaline or a rock containing 65-76% silicon dioxide consisting of at least one of rhyolite or granite and the other after it. The water produced by the above is made into special water, and the temperature in the container is set to 30 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the special water in a state where the special water and aluminum are put in the container and contacted in the container. Thus, the hydrogen is generated by reacting the special water with the aluminum.
The method for producing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the container is maintained at 80 ° C or higher and lower than the boiling point of the special water.
The aluminum is powdered, the special water is made alkaline (alkaline special water) by generating hydrogen by setting the temperature in the container to 80 ° C. or higher and lower than the boiling point of the special water, and the alkaline in the container By supplying new aluminum powder to the special water, hydrogen is generated by maintaining the temperature in the container between 80 ° C. and below the boiling point of the special water without heating by heating means. The method for producing hydrogen according to claim 2.
The method for producing hydrogen according to claim 1, wherein when the temperature in the container is 30 ° C or higher and lower than 80 ° C, the temperature in the container is continuously increased by a heating means.
The method for producing hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the ion exchange resin is a strongly acidic cation exchange resin (RzSO 3 Na).
The method for producing hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the tourmaline for generating the special water is mixed with at least one metal selected from aluminum, stainless steel, and silver.
The method for producing hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the rhyolite is a rock composed of at least one of obsidian, pearlite, and pine sebite.
The method for producing hydrogen according to any one of claims 5 to 7, wherein the aluminum is made 5 weights or more with respect to 100 weights of the special water.
The method for producing hydrogen according to claim 8, wherein the weight of the aluminum is 10 weights or more.
The method for producing hydrogen according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution obtained by adding sodium hydroxide to the special water is brought into contact with aluminum in the container.
The temperature in the container is set to 30 ° C or more by heat of reaction between the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and the aluminum without using a heating means for applying heat from the outside of the container. A method for producing hydrogen.
The method for producing hydrogen according to claim 10, wherein the temperature in the container is set to 80 ° C. or higher by reaction heat between the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution and the aluminum.
The method for producing hydrogen according to claim 11 or 12, wherein the concentration of sodium hydroxide in the aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is 0.1% or more.
The method for producing hydrogen according to claim 13, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 3% or more.
The said aluminum is provided in the bottom of the said container, The liquid level of the said sodium hydroxide aqueous solution is made higher than the uppermost layer of the aluminum, The any one of Claims 1, 2, 3, 10 characterized by the above-mentioned. A method for producing hydrogen.
Pass water first through an ion exchange resin followed by either tourmaline or a rock containing 65-76% silicon dioxide consisting of at least one of rhyolite or granite and the other after it. The special water produced by the above is made alkaline (alkaline special water), a container for containing aluminum, an aluminum charging means for charging aluminum into the container, and the aluminum charging means from the aluminum charging means A net member placed on the top of the container for placing the aluminum charged in the container on the top and dropping the residue in which the aluminum is melted below the net from the mesh; , Which communicates with the inside of the container and introduces alkaline special water into the container and A liquid circulation passage for discharging water from the inside of the container, and a liquid charging means provided in the middle of the liquid circulation passage for supplying the alkaline special water into the container; A liquid take-out means for taking out the alkaline special water from the inside of the container, provided in the middle of the liquid circulation path, and provided in the middle of the liquid circulation path from the inside of the container Residue capturing means for capturing the residue taken out together with the alkaline special water to be taken out, and provided in the middle of the liquid circulation passage, and the alkaline special water is supplied to the liquid input means. A tank for supplying hydrogen and containing the alkaline special water taken out from the liquid take-out means,
The liquid take-out means includes a first pump and a first valve provided on a side close to a position where the alkaline special water is discharged from the container, and the liquid input means is provided in the container with the alkaline special water. The second pump and the second valve provided on the near side where water is introduced, and a tank, the residue capturing means is provided upstream of the first pump in the middle of the liquid circulation passage, and the first 17. The hydrogen production apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the tank is provided on the downstream side of the pump.
The alkaline water, which is special water, is produced by generating hydrogen from the special water and aluminum at a temperature of 30 ° C or higher in a container. 17. The apparatus for producing hydrogen according to 17.
18. The special water of the alkaline special water is obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide with the special water so that the concentration of sodium hydroxide is 0.1% or more. The hydrogen production apparatus as described.
20. The hydrogen production apparatus according to claim 19, wherein the concentration of the sodium hydroxide is 3% or more.