WO2011044933A1 - Wireless control of power network switching devices - Google Patents
Wireless control of power network switching devices Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2011044933A1 WO2011044933A1 PCT/EP2009/063408 EP2009063408W WO2011044933A1 WO 2011044933 A1 WO2011044933 A1 WO 2011044933A1 EP 2009063408 W EP2009063408 W EP 2009063408W WO 2011044933 A1 WO2011044933 A1 WO 2011044933A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- local wireless
- data packets
- wireless node
- local
- power converters
- Prior art date
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from ac input or output
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of ac power input into dc power output; Conversion of dc power input into ac power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of dc power input into ac power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
- H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
- H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
- H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
- H03K17/785—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling field-effect transistor switches
Definitions
- the present invention is concerned with communication between a power electronics controller and a network of high-power
- semiconductor switching devices In particular it is concerned with wireless communication with a plurality of power
- converters also known as electronic frequency converters and with synchronisation of said plurality of power converters.
- Electrical power networks are most often operated at a nominal and fixed voltage and frequency.
- the connection of certain types of equipment, such as for example generators, that output power with variable voltage and or frequency may be accomplished using electronic frequency converters also known as power converters.
- electronic frequency converters also known as power converters.
- There are different methods to generate gate switching signals to operate power converters of which one known method is DTC (Direct torque control) and another well known method is PWM (Pulse width modulated) .
- Power converters may be arranged to control a variable power output and convert it into an
- acceptable power input to a power network with fixed nominal characteristics For example wind generators tend to have an electrical power output that varies with wind speed so that variation occurs in voltage and frequency of the generator output as wind speed varies.
- PWM power converters may arranged to control and switch such variable power supplies so that a resulting power input into a power network matches the nominal fixed voltage and frequency.
- At least one control signal can be transmitted from the controller (11) to at least one modulator (Ml, M2, Mn) via at least one first transmission path (3) .
- a wireless control signal and/or a drive signal to PWM power converters can be transmitted using an optical signal path.
- converters 1 a, 1 b and 1 c can be used to interface to a supply network, ac busbar etc.
- Each power converter includes a network bridge 14 operating in accordance with a pulse width modulation (PWM) strategy having the same switching period.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the method includes providing the switching period of each network bridge with a different time offset relative to a time datum such that at least one unwanted harmonic in the supply network voltage is at least partially cancelled.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- the aim of the present invention is to remedy one or more of the above mentioned problems.
- This disclosure describes the use of wireless communication between a power electronics controller and a network of high- power semiconductor switching devices. Control decisions from a controller are transferred as wireless packets addressed to individual switches or groups of switches. In the communication system context, the controller is called the master and an individual switching device or a group of switching devices is called a slave or a node.
- Packets may contain the slot number and may also contain more coarse timing information such as frame number. In this way, a common measure of time can be maintained in all the nodes with a timing resolution at least as good as the slot- border resolution built into the wireless air interface.
- Packets containing on/off switching decisions preferably also contain information about the point (s) in time in the future where switching is to take place.
- the control algorithm can have a significantly longer cycle time than the one required by the on/off timing resolution.
- a preferred use of an embodiment of the invention is to use wireless communication between a power electronics controller and a number of high-power switching devices, for example in a power converter devices.
- a power converter typically consists of a AC/DC module for example a rectifier, and one or more DC/AC modules for example inverters.
- Each rectifier or inverter contains high-power semiconductor devices, for example IGCTs (integrated gate-commutated thyristors) which can be turned on and off at will. High voltages and large currents are normally present .
- IGCTs integrated gate-commutated thyristors
- control algorithm results in a sequence of decisions telling the individual switches (such as power converters) to turn on or off at specific points in time. Control decisions are
- Precise timing of the on/off control signals is imperative in order to minimize power losses and to avoid equipment damage caused by excessive currents.
- Required timing accuracy is in the range of 1 microsecond s .
- wireless communication saves the cabling for the communication wires which are subject to ageing.
- Wireless communication also allows galvanic separation between the controllers and devices which are on high potential. It also facilitates reconfiguration of the power converter circuitry.
- a common measure of time for all of the nodes is established between the nodes and the controller.
- separating the precise timekeeping from the control algorithm timing, and utilizing the precise timing inherent to time-slotted wireless protocols, provides a technical solution that reduces the performance requirements on both the controller and the
- Figure 1 shows a schematic block diagram of a known system for PWM control of a number of power converters.
- Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram in which Op 2 discloses a method for controlling a plurality of converters wherein communication of control signals is carried out wirelessly and each local wireless node is synchronised according to an embodiment of the invention;
- Op 3 discloses the invention according to Opl and in particular an alternative method for communication of control signals wherein processing of the control signals is carried out locally according to an embodiment of the invention;
- Op 4 discloses the invention according to Opl and in particular an alternative method for communication of control signals wherein control parameters are comprised in the control signals which are processed locally according to another embodiment of the invention.
- Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram for a power network flowchart according to an embodiment of the invention shown in Op 2 of Figure 2. DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
- Figure 1 illustrates a known Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) method used in high power semiconductor devices such as power converters.
- the figure shows a group of power converters 1' of a power network.
- a controller (not shown) generates two input signals 6 and 7.
- Signal 6 is a reference signal and corresponds to the desired voltage or current output from the converters when switched, typically a sinusoidal signal.
- Signal 7 is a carrier signal, typically a sawtooth signal.
- the figure shows the basic elements of generation by the power electronics controller.
- the controller generates the two signals -the reference signal 6, also called modulating signal s (t) : It defines the desired waveform of the power converter output, which typically, is a sine wave of controllable frequency.
- the control parameters CP given from an external eg power network source to the controller specify this reference signal, and it includes
- frequency e.g. 50 Hz, or variable, say 200 Hz
- modulation index amplitude of reference signal / amplitude of carrier signal
- the carrier signal 7 This is typically a sawtooth signal at a high "switching frequency" of say 5 kHz. These two signals enter a comparator 8. The time instants t ⁇ when the carrier signal intersects the modulating signal determine the gate switching signals that will be generated under the control scheme, which could, for example, be PWM;
- a gate switching command also called x on/off command', or ⁇ firing pulse'
- x on/off command' also called x on/off command', or ⁇ firing pulse'
- Prior Art Op 1 discloses a centralised control signal calculation using a very high speed communication line.
- the master performs the PWM generation and transmits the switching commands directly to the slaves at the switching time t ⁇ .
- This is done in the centralized architecture (11, Figure 1), typically over optical fibre.
- This method may be called asynchronous, as it requires no
- Figure 2 shows an architecture concept according to an
- controller 10 transmits control signals to the slave
- a slave controller is co-located to a converter module 1-4 and is endowed with communication, as shown in Fig 2 as the wireless nodes Ni- 4 , and processing capability, and each local or slave controller is preferably directly connected to the power electronics gates of its module.
- the power outputs of the converter modules are connected to achieve the desired total output power.
- the switching commands to the gates in all modules must be synchronized to the accuracy of some microseconds s .
- Options for distribution of intelligence between the controllers and the ensuing communication between master and slaves are, with decreasing requirements on the communication links in terms of speed:
- Op 2, Option 2 encoded switching commands is described as follows.
- the master or controller 10 performs the PWM resulting in a value of t ⁇ . It encodes this value, or possibly several subsequent values, in a digital message and transmits the message to the slave Ni_ 4 .
- the slave issues the switching command to its gates at time t ⁇ , based on its local clock.
- the communication link may be slower, but it is required that the slaves synchronize their clocks to the accuracy of some microseconds s . (There may be delay issues which make this option difficult.)
- Time division multiple access (TDMA) is the preferred
- a wireless radio protocol from ABB called WISA
- the wireless air interface and protocol is designed such that wireless packets may only be transmitted in precisely defined slots on a periodically repeated timing frame or a timing grid. A defined number of slots build up a timing frame.
- the master (the controller) is the timing master. All or some of the packets from the master contain the slot number and may also contain more coarse timing information such as, for example, frame number.
- each node ⁇ _ 4 has a local timer and some processing capability.
- a node makes use of the timing
- a node Every time a node detects a packet, it adjusts its internal timer. To maintain a desired timing resolution, the individual clock frequencies in the nodes must not be allowed to drift more than a defined amount in between such adjustments. This can be achieved by either more expensive clock crystal in the node, or more frequent adjustments in the form of packets from the master .
- Flowchart Figure 3 shows a series of actions for carrying out the method. It shows:
- Controller 10 transmits data packets to the slaves or nodes Ni - N 4 arranged local to each converter 1-4
- Control packets need to contain control information for on/off switching as well as information about the point (s) in time in the near future when switching shall take place. Because precise timing can be maintained separately, as described above, the control loop cycle time needs only to support the on/off decision rate which is normally much more relaxed.
- the WISA master transmits packets back-to- back almost continuously.
- the packets are either addressed to specific nodes, or dummy packets. It provides a timing
- packets to any specific node can be transmitted in terms of milliseconds, for example every ⁇ 2ms.
- a communication may be arranged as shown by Op 3.
- Option 3 in Fig 2 describes
- reference signal (a type of distributed PWM 1) : Samples of the reference signal s k are multicast periodically from the master or controller 10 to the slaves, say once per ms . Given this reference signal, each slave Ni- 4 may use a locally generated carrier to determine the switching instant t ⁇ .
- the multicast communication link may be even slower, but again slave synchronization is required.
- control parameters distributed PWM 2
- the reference signal can be described by some few and only slowly varying control parameters CP (such as the modulation index)
- the master controller may send these
- the controller 10 may be connected to a node of a wireless LAN, and/or may be another kind of wireless node, running any radio protocol suitable for an industrial milieu, such as any standard issued by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG) , any variation of IEEE-802.11, WiFi, Ultra Wide Band (UWB) , ZigBee or IEEE-802.15.4, IEEE-802.13 or equivalent, or similar.
- SIG Bluetooth Special Interest Group
- UWB Ultra Wide Band
- ZigBee ZigBee or IEEE-802.15.4
- IEEE-802.13 or equivalent, or similar.
- a radio technology working in the ISM band with significant interference suppression means such as by spread spectrum technology may be preferred.
- Wireless communication may also be carried out using optical links, including for example Infra Red (IR) means and protocols such as IrDA, IrCOMM or similar.
- IR Infra Red
- Wireless IR communication may also be carried out using a magnetic coupling or electrostatic coupling
- Wireless IR communication may be carried out for example by an over the air method also referre to as diffuse IR.
- the methods of embodiments such as in Figure 3 as described above and elsewhere in this specification may be carried out by a computer application comprising computer program elements or software code which, when loaded in a processor or computer, causes the computer or processor to carry out the method steps.
- switching signals may be carried out by processing digital functions, algorithms and/or computer programs and/or by analogue components or analogue circuits or by a combination of both digital and analogue functions.
- the methods may be run using configurable hardware components such as one or more FPGA chips (Field Programmable Gate Array) .
- FPGA chips Field Programmable Gate Array
- Other types of hardware may also be used, such as a a Complex Programmable Logic Device (CPLD) or an Application Specific Integrated
- ASIC Application Circuit
- a part of the program may be stored in a processor as above, but also in a ROM, RAM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM chip or similar memory means.
- the program in part or in whole may also be stored on, or in, other suitable computer readable medium such as a magnetic disk, CD-ROM or DVD disk, hard disk, magneto-optical memory storage means, in volatile memory, in flash memory, as firmware, stored on a data server or on one or more arrays of data servers.
- Other known and suitable media including removable memory media such as memory sticks and other removable flash memories, hard drives etc. may also be used.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Synchronisation In Digital Transmission Systems (AREA)
- Remote Monitoring And Control Of Power-Distribution Networks (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (10)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
RU2012117982/07A RU2510124C2 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Method and system of wireless control of switching devices in power supply network |
CN200980161932.1A CN102577075B (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | The controlled in wireless of power network switching devices |
EP09784008.6A EP2489116B1 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
AU2009353914A AU2009353914B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
PCT/EP2009/063408 WO2011044933A1 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
CA2777142A CA2777142C (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
JP2012533486A JP5559337B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
KR1020127009579A KR101352221B1 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
BR112012008806A BR112012008806A2 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | wireless control of power network switching devices. |
US13/444,218 US9325258B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2012-04-11 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/063408 WO2011044933A1 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
Related Child Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US13/444,218 Continuation US9325258B2 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2012-04-11 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
WO2011044933A1 true WO2011044933A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
Family
ID=41664913
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/EP2009/063408 WO2011044933A1 (en) | 2009-10-14 | 2009-10-14 | Wireless control of power network switching devices |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US9325258B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2489116B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5559337B2 (en) |
KR (1) | KR101352221B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN102577075B (en) |
AU (1) | AU2009353914B2 (en) |
BR (1) | BR112012008806A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2777142C (en) |
RU (1) | RU2510124C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2011044933A1 (en) |
Cited By (3)
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WO2013110273A1 (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-01 | Kk-Electronic A/S | Control system for power stacks in a power converter, power converter with such control system and wind turbine with such power converter |
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EP2932395A4 (en) * | 2012-12-11 | 2016-08-17 | Agileswitch Llc | Power stack control systems |
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EP2852069A1 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2015-03-25 | ABB Research Ltd. | System for transmitting and receiving a power line communication signal over the power bus of a power electronic converter |
EP2897268B1 (en) * | 2014-01-20 | 2022-01-05 | ABB Schweiz AG | Master/slave controller system in ring topology for modular multilevel converters |
US9367174B2 (en) * | 2014-03-28 | 2016-06-14 | Intel Corporation | Wireless peripheral data transmission for touchscreen displays |
KR20160043459A (en) * | 2014-10-13 | 2016-04-21 | 연세대학교 산학협력단 | Circuit and method for driving power semiconductor device |
EP3086486A1 (en) * | 2015-04-22 | 2016-10-26 | ABB Technology Ltd | A communication network, a power converter cabinet and a method therefore |
RU2618378C2 (en) * | 2015-09-07 | 2017-05-03 | Федеральное государственное образовательное бюджетное учреждение высшего профессионального образования "Поволжский государственный университет телекоммуникаций и информатики" (ФГОБУ ВПО ПГУТИ) | Method of slot routing in zigbee wireless networks |
KR101912413B1 (en) * | 2016-12-30 | 2018-10-26 | 대호전기 주식회사 | Device for controlling pwm switch using bit signal |
KR101971701B1 (en) | 2017-03-29 | 2019-08-16 | (주)스마트시스텍 | Switching driving device using fpga |
CN110588688B (en) * | 2019-09-23 | 2020-08-18 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Clock control device, air conditioning system and clock control method thereof |
JP7387546B2 (en) | 2020-07-02 | 2023-11-28 | 株式会社東芝 | Radio equipment and inverter systems |
RU204928U1 (en) * | 2021-02-16 | 2021-06-17 | Публичное Акционерное Общество "Электровыпрямитель" | Microprocessor-based pulse-phase control system for thyristor rectifier |
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- 2009-10-14 AU AU2009353914A patent/AU2009353914B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2009-10-14 BR BR112012008806A patent/BR112012008806A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-10-14 CA CA2777142A patent/CA2777142C/en active Active
- 2009-10-14 RU RU2012117982/07A patent/RU2510124C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-10-14 WO PCT/EP2009/063408 patent/WO2011044933A1/en active Application Filing
- 2009-10-14 KR KR1020127009579A patent/KR101352221B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2009-10-14 CN CN200980161932.1A patent/CN102577075B/en active Active
- 2009-10-14 JP JP2012533486A patent/JP5559337B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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2012
- 2012-04-11 US US13/444,218 patent/US9325258B2/en active Active
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9325258B2 (en) | 2016-04-26 |
RU2012117982A (en) | 2013-11-20 |
RU2510124C2 (en) | 2014-03-20 |
CA2777142C (en) | 2016-12-06 |
AU2009353914A1 (en) | 2012-05-10 |
JP2013507897A (en) | 2013-03-04 |
EP2489116A1 (en) | 2012-08-22 |
EP2489116B1 (en) | 2018-07-25 |
CN102577075B (en) | 2016-06-01 |
US20120207138A1 (en) | 2012-08-16 |
BR112012008806A2 (en) | 2019-09-24 |
KR20120065410A (en) | 2012-06-20 |
KR101352221B1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
CA2777142A1 (en) | 2011-04-21 |
AU2009353914B2 (en) | 2014-08-28 |
CN102577075A (en) | 2012-07-11 |
JP5559337B2 (en) | 2014-07-23 |
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