WO2011044764A1 - 一种天然高分子多糖杀虫组合物 - Google Patents

一种天然高分子多糖杀虫组合物 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011044764A1
WO2011044764A1 PCT/CN2010/070847 CN2010070847W WO2011044764A1 WO 2011044764 A1 WO2011044764 A1 WO 2011044764A1 CN 2010070847 W CN2010070847 W CN 2010070847W WO 2011044764 A1 WO2011044764 A1 WO 2011044764A1
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Prior art keywords
composition according
konjac glucomannan
fatty acid
sodium
composition
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PCT/CN2010/070847
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English (en)
French (fr)
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张格尔
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麻阳张格尔生化科技发展有限公司
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Publication of WO2011044764A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011044764A1/zh

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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L5/00Compositions of polysaccharides or of their derivatives not provided for in groups C08L1/00 or C08L3/00
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N25/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
    • A01N25/08Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests containing solids as carriers or diluents
    • A01N25/10Macromolecular compounds
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/08Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01NPRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
    • A01N65/00Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
    • A01N65/40Liliopsida [monocotyledons]

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pesticidal composition mainly composed of natural polymer polysaccharides and a preparation method thereof.
  • the composition contains: konjac glucomannan, cactus juice, and thioglycoside.
  • Konjac glucomannan has a wide range of properties such as hydrophilicity, gelation, film formation, antibacterial property, and edible properties, and is widely used in food, medicine, chemical, and biological fields.
  • CN1361091A discloses a multifunctional foliar application agent, wherein konjac glucoside is disclosed to be modified with organic or An inorganic insecticide, a bactericide, or the like is used together, and the modified konjac glucoside is konjac glucoside.
  • the use of glucosinolate as an insecticide has not been reported.
  • ginseng glucoside polysaccharides are sprayed on the branches and worms of crops, which can quickly smother pests. Death has no effect on the normal growth of crops.
  • the film formed on the branches and leaves of crops can block and resist the conidia of various pathogens and immerse them into the interior of agricultural branches and leaves to reduce the chance of infection.
  • cockroach pests can compete with or exceed the highly toxic acaricide.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a natural high molecular weight polysaccharide insecticidal composition comprising: konjac glucomannan, cactus juice and steryl polyglycoside.
  • the composition of the present invention not only does not rely on toxicity, but also rapidly kills pests, and at the same time promotes the growth of crops, is easily degraded by organisms, and is very friendly to the environment.
  • the insecticidal composition of the present invention has the following insecticidal mechanism: it can quickly block the respiratory tract of the pest, fix the pest limb, the wing touch, and block the spores of the diseased plant to infiltrate the crop leaves, forcing it to break the oxygen or fasten it and prevent it from suffocating and dying.
  • Its insecticidal mechanism lies in the special viscous physical function of the preparation, which quickly fixes the limbs of the pests and the mouth and mouth, and forces the pests to suffocate and die.
  • the inventors have found such a special colloidal composition having the above characteristics as a green safety control agent for harmful pests of crops, and the use effect is remarkable.
  • the preferred content of the natural high molecular polysaccharide insecticidal composition liquid preparation of the present invention is:
  • Agriculturally acceptable carrier 0 to 92%.
  • a more preferred content of the natural high molecular polysaccharide insecticidal composition liquid preparation of the present invention is:
  • Water is the balance, and when other ingredients are included, the amount is deducted from the water.
  • the preferred content of the natural high molecular polysaccharide insecticidal composition soluble granule of the present invention is:
  • the soluble filler is the balance, and when other ingredients are included, the amount is subtracted from the soluble filler.
  • the composition of the present invention may further comprise: a wetting surfactant; and/or a dispersing surfactant ⁇
  • an antifoaming agent may also be included.
  • the solvent soluble filler is preferably selected from one or more of the following: lactose, sucrose, glucose, and the like.
  • the wetting surfactant is preferably selected from one or more of the following: sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate, sodium N-methyl-N-palmityl taurate, N-methyl-N - sodium oleoyl taurate, sodium dioctyl thiosuccinate and other sodium decyl thiosuccinate, sodium lauryl sulfate, and the like.
  • the dispersing surfactant is preferably selected from one or more of the following: calcium lignosulfonate, sodium lignosulfonate and ammonium lignosulfonate.
  • the antifoaming agent is preferably selected from one or more of the following: methylated silicone, polysiloxane, and 2-ethylhexanol.
  • the soluble granules of the present invention preferably contain 0 to 10% of sodium N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurate; 0 to 2% of sodium lignin sulfonate and 0-1% of polysiloxane.
  • the natural plant mixed fatty acid fat is used for both wetting and dispersing in an amount of 5-20%.
  • compositions of the invention contain (% by weight)
  • compositions of the invention contain (% by weight)
  • compositions of the invention contain (% by weight)
  • compositions of the invention contain (% by weight)
  • N-methyl-N-oleoyl taurine sodium 0-10% Polysiloxane 0-1% lactose, sucrose or glucose
  • the preparation of the present invention can be formulated into various pesticide formulations, preferably colloidal, aqueous-based or soluble granules, with soluble granules being particularly preferred.
  • the compositions of the present invention may be in the form of aggregates, matrices or monoliths, such as cakes, tablets, sticks, films, and the like, preferably embedded in a water soluble matrix or whole.
  • a water soluble package such as a pouch, capsule or the like.
  • the sum of the components is not more than 100% by weight, and the exact concentration of the components such as konjac glucomannan may vary depending on the presence of the impurities.
  • other processing aids may be added depending on the processing requirements, and the amount added is subtracted from the amount of the filler or excipient such as water or a soluble filler.
  • KGM The "KONJAC GLUC0MANNAN” (KGM) according to the present invention is a natural polysaccharide having a molecular weight of 200,000 - 2, 000, 000. It is in the range of 1. 6-4. 2, in the ratio of the ratio of mannose to glucose in the molecule of the ⁇ -D-mannose and the ⁇ -D-glucose.
  • the main chain mannose has a branched structure linked by a ⁇ -1-3 bond at the C-3 position, and about 3 branches per 32 sugar residues, and the branch contains only a few residues.
  • saccharide residues may have an acetyl group, and about every 19 sugar residues (C-6 position) are linked to an acetyl group, and are combined in an ester manner.
  • the usual molar ratio of mannose to glucose in KMG is about 1.5-1. 7 (usually 1. 6) and the acetyl group content is 15%.
  • the acetyl/sugar residue is 1/19, such as a repeating unit consisting of 38 sugar residues, glucose (G) / nectar
  • the alcohol ( ⁇ ) is 15/23. That is, 1: 1. 5-1. 6.
  • the glucose residue and the mannose residue in the main chain are connected by a ⁇ - 1 - 4 ⁇ bond, and the branch is connected to the primary bond by a ⁇ - 1-4 ⁇ bond.
  • the konjac glucomannan used in the present invention is prepared, for example, from konjac glucomannan by a fresh konjac or konjac flour, a commercially available food grade raw material (excluding alkaloids), and an ultrafine powder processed by konjac, for example KG90TT1220 glucomannan produced by Xiangfan Tianyuan Xieli Konjac Co., Ltd., content > 80%, Executive Standard: GB ⁇ T18104-2000. Since konjac glucomannan has strong hygroscopicity, it can be prepared into capsules of lg or 0.8g by capsules, and used in combination with other components and water when preparing a colloidal spray.
  • the konjac glucomannan used in the present invention may also be an etherification modification of konjac glucomannan, for example, etherified konjac glucomannan obtained by etherification using chloroethylene. See, for example, Bonding 2003, 24 (6), pp. 33-35.
  • cactus juice as used in the present invention means cactus juice which can be obtained by, for example, the following method.
  • Method 1 The fresh cactus stem pieces are pressed, filtered, and fully rolled into a non-agglomerate gel by a three-roller homogenizer, and then air-dried and concentrated.
  • the concentrated raw juice should be fluid.
  • Method 2 Remove the fresh cactus stems and leaves, remove and smash, place in a container, add sucrose to the juice extraction promoter, stir evenly, let stand, separate, and then obtain the original juice, then add water to dilute, stir, add pulp, The filter aid is filtered to obtain cactus juice, which can be further concentrated into a transparent oil.
  • the amount of sucrose added can be 5% to 50% of the amount of the succulent. See, CN1264436C.
  • Method 3 Using fresh cactus stems and leaves as raw materials, the fruit and vegetable juicer directly extracts juice, filters out coarse slag, and then The cactus juice was prepared by ultrasonic treatment at 20-100 MHz and 450 W/20 minutes.
  • the thioglycoside is used as a surface active substance in the composition of the present invention.
  • the "mercaptopolyglycoside” used in the present invention can be obtained by reacting streptohol with glucose or other monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides.
  • nonyl glycoside includes a thiol monoglycoside.
  • Preferred mercapto glycosides for use in the present invention are those comprising glucose and linear or branched streptavines or mixtures thereof (for example, containing from 6 to 12, preferably from 7 to 12 carbon atoms, for example from 8 to 10 carbon atoms)
  • the sterol glycoside obtained by the reaction of the chain sterol mixture.
  • the number of glycosyl groups per thiol group in the molecule may vary, and may be a thiol mono, di or polysaccharide or a sugar derivative.
  • Commercial thioglycosides often contain a mixture of the average number of sulfhydryl groups per thiol group (derivatives having a degree of polymerization of 1-4 (eg, about 1-2).
  • Some suitable thioglycosides are commercially available, including AL2042 (ICI), AGRIMUL2069 (Henkel) and ATPLUS258 (ICI).
  • Sugar-based surfactants that can be used include monosaccharides, disaccharides or derivatives of polysaccharides such as monosaccharides, disaccharides or polysaccharides. Fatty acid acids. Such surfactants are commercially available, for example, from CRODETA (Crock Corporation).
  • Natural plant source mixed fatty acid fat is the waste of the oil factory. Its composition is probably: 37.0% lauric acid, 16.0% myristic acid, 15.0% palmitic acid, 2% stearic acid, 17.0% oleic acid, 4 % linoleic acid, 3% octanoic acid, 3% citric acid; it consists of 78% saturated fatty acids and 21% Composition of unsaturated fatty acids. Its saponification value (mg/g) 49, acid value (KOH) (mg/g) 2. 3, several base price (meq/kg) 1. 45.
  • agriculturally acceptable carrier refers to various fillers or excipients which are applicable to the field of pesticide processing.
  • Soluble filler includes any aqueous solvent or water dispersant used to dilute the pesticide.
  • Suitable aqueous solvent fillers include lactose, glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, fruit sugar, glycyrrhizin, brown sugar, sucrose, other sugars or saccharides, microcrystalline cellulose, powdered cellulose, inorganic water soluble salts , especially fertilizers or trace element fertilizers commonly used in agricultural production such as KC1, KN0 3 , K 2 S0 4 , NH4NO3, (NH 4 ) S0 4 , ammonium phosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium phosphate (class:), borax and ZnS0 4 or the like; preferred are sugars such as lactose, glucose, fructose, mannose, mannitol, fruit sugar, glycyrrhizin, brown sugar, sucrose, other sugars or saccharides, and particularly preferred are lactose, glucose and sucrose. Tests have shown that the saccharide filler has an improved effect on the pesticide effect of the composition of
  • the "liquid preparation" of the present invention includes water-based preparations such as aqueous solvents or colloidal preparations, and also includes emulsifiable concentrates or emulsions or suspensions and the like. However, based on the concept of simplicity, safety and environmental protection of the present invention, the present invention is preferably formulated into a water-based preparation.
  • the "soluble granules" of the present invention are intended to include any granule or granule composition which, after being dissolved in water, causes konjac glucomannan and cactus polysaccharide to enter the solution to cause action. Since the two active ingredients have entered the solution, it is not necessary for all of the components of the water-soluble granules to dissolve. Liquid. Thus, within the scope of the present invention, the invention includes those water-soluble granules which may be relatively insoluble in certain components.
  • composition is carried out according to different methods of determining the dosage form, and can be prepared in a conventional manner.
  • the colloidal agent can be used in the following manner: Liquid colloid, and the various raw materials in the required weight ratio can be weighed directly into the solution and stirred evenly according to the formulation requirements.
  • Soluble granules (1) forming konjac glucomannan, thioglycoside and water-soluble filler, optional powder blend of plant-derived fatty acid esters; (2) adding cactus juice and water to the ingredients; The wet ingredients are extruded through a die to form a pellet; and the particles are dried to remove water. Cactus juice can also be added to step (1).
  • compositions of the invention are typically spread after dilution with water.
  • the dilution factor of the pesticidal composition varies depending on the type of the pesticide, the kind of the pest to be controlled, the kind of the crop to be treated, the kind of the bacteria to be alleviated, the treatment period, the application method, and the like, and Not given, but usually in the range of 20-5000 times.
  • composition is especially used to control agricultural pests that cause damage to crops that are growing or being stored.
  • the composition is applied to the growing or stored crops by known techniques such as spraying, spraying, dripping, dipping, rooting, spraying, injecting, spraying, etc. to protect them from agricultural pests.
  • composition of the present invention has long-lasting properties, and it can be applied twice in the field by the above method, and the expiration date can be up to half a year.
  • composition of the present invention can be used for controlling various harmful insects, aphids and nematodes, such as young cockroaches, cabbage caterpillars, cockroaches, lychee mites, beet armyworm, locusts, red spiders, whitefly, phoenix, poisonous moths and peach roots.
  • insects such as young cockroaches, cabbage caterpillars, cockroaches, lychee mites, beet armyworm, locusts, red spiders, whitefly, phoenix, poisonous moths and peach roots.
  • Nematodes, etc. and can also be used to control diseases such as root rot of deciduous fruit trees and grapes, Peach tree gum disease, citrus canker disease has a good control effect.
  • cactus juice has the same bactericidal action as konjac glucomannan. Therefore, the natural high molecular polysaccharide product of the invention can be left at room temperature for 1-2 years without deterioration. If a small amount of precipitate appears, it can be mixed well before use, without affecting the effect, and is heated with an appropriate amount of 50 to 60 ° C before use.
  • the liquid composition can be sprayed on the pests by 500 times of the liquid composition, and the larvae of various harmful insects are suffocated and die within 3 to 15 minutes. Cordyceps and young larvae die faster. The mortality rate can reach over 90% or 100%. Some pests can die in just 1 minute.
  • young cockroaches, cabbage worms, cockroaches, lychee mites, beet armyworms, locusts, red spiders, whitefly, phoenix, poisonous moths, etc. can suffocate and die within a few minutes.
  • This product can be used in combination with avermectin insecticides including emamectin benzoate (referred to as "a vitamin salt") to reduce the toxicity of the salt deposited on the branches and leaves of crops. 50% of other pesticides are used, and the rate of killing pests is faster.
  • the product of the invention can also be mixed with other slightly more toxic pesticides, and can also be wrapped with toxic pesticides and adsorbed in the film to block toxic substances from entering the branches and leaves of the crops, thereby reducing toxic residues in the agricultural products and making toxic substances. Accelerated degradation with the film.
  • the product of the invention can be completely degraded in a short time. Non-toxic and tasteless, it does not pollute the environment. It is detected by the National Center for Disease Control as an actual non-toxic product. It is also an actual non-toxic grade product tested by the National Environmental Protection Related Product Testing Center. Rat oral LD50 is greater than 5000mg/kg.
  • vegetables and cowpeas long bean horns
  • the results of field experiments in Henan, Tianjin, Guangdong, Guangxi, Hunan and other places have been widely praised.
  • it can increase the yield by 10 ⁇ 15%, and it can also improve the taste of the vegetables.
  • the food is sweet and crisp, and the test has no residual toxicity.
  • the reason may be that the composition contains a variety of minerals or trace elements, and effectively controls the harmful insects, so that the leaves grow healthily, greatly enhances photosynthesis, and promotes the ability of nutrient accumulation of fruits and vegetables.
  • the trace elements in the cactus are not amino acids, vitamins, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, etc., cactus saponins, vitamin P, cactus polysaccharides, Or many of its mixed fatty acids and konjac glucomannan, thioglycan glycosides, all contain supplements such as NPK and multi-complexes for plants or crops.
  • the invention Compared with the existing pesticides and foliar fertilizers, plant growth regulators, the invention has the following advantages:
  • the composition is a natural active non-toxic polymer gelatinous mixture which is different from general pesticides. It has unique film forming properties, exhibitability, adhesion, excellent water solubility, etc., and should be able to thoroughly The characteristics of complete degradation and the formation of the colloid on the branches and leaves of agriculture not only do not cause harm to the growth of crops, but also have so many advantages. These properties reflect its peculiarity and its functionality.
  • composition of the invention can be mixed with a part of micro-, low-toxic pesticide or foliar fertilizer, plant growth regulator, has obvious synergistic effect, reduces the dosage of other pesticides by 30 ⁇ 50%, but the insecticidal effect can be enhanced, no Produces resistance.
  • the product By adding all the above components to the water to make up to 100%, after stirring, it is made into an oily transparent liquid colloid, and the established product (this product is named as "Zhajia Health shower Gel"), the product is diluted 200-1000 times with water, sprayed on the plant leaves.
  • the surface can kill a variety of young larvae or nymphs such as aphids, red spiders, whiteflies, adult moths, wind butterflies, poisonous moths, crickets, crickets and the like. See Table 1 for specific effect data.
  • the content of the substance in the formulation can be appropriately adjusted depending on the range of the above components, and does not have a large influence on the effect of the product of the present invention.
  • Caramel or glucose 20 The above raw materials are uniformly mixed, and pulverized by a jet mill (AD turbine mill, Zhedong Crusher Factory) to obtain a mother powder having a fineness of 900-1000 mesh, and the mother powder is mixed with 30 kg of water. Uniform, can be sent to the granulator (flat twin-screw extruder, Changzhou developed machinery equipment factory) extrusion granulation, to obtain columnar particles, and then put the wet columnar particles into the rounding machine (JPY-2 type 2cm round soluble granules, granulated, sifted, sifted, dried, re-sifted to obtain a uniform diameter of 1.
  • a jet mill AD turbine mill, Zhedong Crusher Factory
  • Soluble granule formula 2 Soluble granule formula 2:
  • the preparation method is the same as above.
  • any of the above dosage forms with a low-toxic pesticide of methicillin can reduce the amount of pesticide 50% of the time, at the same time can achieve an expanded insecticidal spectrum.
  • the same standards can be achieved without residue.
  • the konjac glucomannan is separately prepared into a capsule having a specification of 0.8 g or lg, and the remaining components of the fourth embodiment are separately packaged into a powder package, and the konjac glucomannan is used.
  • the capsule is mixed with the remaining components, dissolved in an appropriate amount of water, and diluted to a desired multiple of the liquid spray.
  • compositions also have a very good killing effect on the bacteria, cockroaches, cockroaches and cockroaches on the body of Pang.
  • a "beverage bath for crops” it can also be used as a pet sanitary bath.
  • the product of the invention was killed by several insect pests of cowpea red spider, soybean meal and lychee in the 6-July 2008 from the Institute of Applied Insects of Guangxi University.
  • the experimental methods and results are as follows:
  • Feeding pests Cowpea red spider, cardamom, and earthworm.
  • Test method Collect the tested pests from the field and return to the room for experiment.
  • the composition is diluted with water to 3 concentrations, each concentration is 1 treatment, each treatment is set to 3 repetitions, and the diluent is applied by hand sprayer.
  • the liquid was evenly sprayed on the worm body, and a spray water control was set up.
  • the mortality of the pests was investigated 24 h and 72 h after the drug: Indoor efficacy of cowpea red spider (Nanning. 2008.7)
  • the dilution is 250 times, 300 times, the mortality rate after the spraying is 100%, the killing effect of the 72h is 82. 45 ⁇ 100% (see Table 1), the bean sprouts, diluted 500 times, the medicine After 24h, the mortality rate reached 93.86% (see Table 2); for the nymphs, the nymph was diluted 300 times, 24h after the drug, the mortality rate was 83. 87% and the 500 times was 83.1%, the effect was different. Small, and have a high killing effect (see Table 3 for details) 4.
  • the composition of the present invention is diluted 300-500 times to prevent the cowpea, the citrus red spider, the soybean meal, the lychee, and the adult worm, and the composition has good water-soluble properties, strong exhibitability, rapid film formation, etc.
  • the mode of action (mechanism) of the pests is mainly that after the liquid is sprayed onto the insect body, the film can be quickly formed to close the pest valve and the respirator hole, resulting in suffocation and death.
  • Such compositions are useful for controlling pests, such as high potency and dilution ratios and previously reported. However, there have been no reports at home and abroad that exceed the advantages of the composition.

Description

说 明 书 一种天然高分子多糖杀虫组合物
技术领域
本发明涉及一种以天然高分子多糖为主的杀虫组合物及其制备方法。 具体 地说, 所述组合物含有: 魔芋葡甘聚糖、 仙人掌汁和垸基多糖苷。
背景技术
目前, 农业病虫害的防治仍就以化学农药为主体, 但采用高效、 低毒、 安 全和环保的方式来防治病虫害是世界农药发展的潮流。
魔芋葡甘聚糖具有良好的亲水性、 凝胶性、 成膜性、 抗菌性、 可食用性等 多种特性, 被广泛应用于食品、 医药、 化工以及生物领域。 在农药领域, 已见 有在水果保鲜剂上应用的报道,主要是利用其抗菌性能; CN1361091A公开了一 种多功能叶面施用剂, 其中公开了魔芋葡苷聚糖经改性后与有机或无机杀虫 剂、 杀菌剂等一同使用, 所述的改性魔芋葡苷聚糖为魔芋葡苷聚糖甘油酯。 魔 芋葡苷聚糖作为杀虫剂的应用未见有报道。
从表面化学和天然高分子多糖组合胶体的特殊胶黏性原理出发, 本发明者 经深入研究发现, 魔芋葡苷聚糖胶状物质等喷洒在农作物的枝叶和虫体上, 能 够快速令害虫窒息死亡, 对农作物的正常生长没有任何影响。 在农作物枝叶上 形成的胶膜能阻隔和抵御多种病菌的分生孢子浸入农作枝叶内部而减少染病 机会, 尤其对螨类害虫的杀灭效果可与高剧毒杀螨剂抗衡或优于它们, 目前市 售最好的杀螨剂最久防效不过 50天, 而本发明的天然高分子多糖产品对柑桔 红蜘蛛的防效可维持半年, 这说明其对螨类害虫的防效是彻底的, (不光能杀 死成螨而且还能灭绝螨卵)。 基于上述发现, 完成了本发明。 发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种天然高分子多糖杀虫组合物, 该组合物含有: 魔 芋葡甘聚糖、 仙人掌汁和垸基多糖苷。 本发明组合物不仅不依靠毒性、 又能快 速杀灭害虫, 同时还能促进农作物生长, 极易被生物彻底降解, 对环境十分友 好。
本发明的再一目的是提供所述杀虫组合物的制备方法。
大多数农药药效慢的原因多为害虫吃进后需在肠管滞留较长时间才起作 用, 有的激素类农药需 5〜7天才起作用。 因而用药较多。 市售农药体系中的 机油乳剂或亦说是封闭气门的农药不但效价低, (通常只有 80〜120倍的效价) 而且对农作物的药害也大, 且有重金属和其它毒性的潜害。
本发明杀虫组合物具有如下杀虫机理: 它能迅速堵塞害虫的呼吸道, 固定 害虫肢体、 翅触、 阻隔病菌孢子浸染庄稼枝叶, 迫使其断氧断食或固定其无法 活动窒息死亡。 其杀虫机理在于该制剂特殊黏性的物理作用, 快速粘固害虫的 肢足翅足及口器, 迫使害虫窒息死亡。
本发明人找到了这类具有上述特性的特殊胶体组合物, 作为农作物有害病 虫的绿色安全控防剂, 使用效果十分显著。
本发明的具体实施方案是一种天然高分子多糖组合物杀虫剂, 它含有如下 组合及其重量百分比含量:
魔芋葡甘聚糖 0. 01%〜60% 仙人掌汁 1%〜50% 垸基多糖苷 1%〜80% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 0%〜40% 农业上可接受的载体 0〜97. 99%。
本发明的天然高分子多糖杀虫组合物液剂的优选含量为:
魔芋葡甘聚糖 1%〜50%
仙人掌汁 5%〜40%
垸基多糖苷 2%〜60%
天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 0%〜40%
农业上可接受的载体 0〜92%。
本发明的天然高分子多糖杀虫组合物液剂的更优选含量为:
魔芋葡甘聚糖 1%〜40%
仙人掌汁 5%〜20%
垸基多糖苷 2%〜20%
天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 0%〜20%
水。
水为余量, 当含有其它成分时, 其用量从水中扣除。
本发明的天然高分子多糖杀虫组合物可溶性粒剂的优选含量为:
魔芋葡甘聚糖 5%〜60%
仙人掌汁 5%〜50%
垸基多糖苷 2%〜50%
天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 0%〜20%
可溶性填料。
可溶性填料为余量, 当含有其它成分时, 其用量从可溶性填料中扣除。 本发明组合物可以进一步含有: 润湿表面活性剂; 和 /或分散表面活性剂 < 任选地, 还可以含有一种消泡剂。
可溶剂填料优选地选自下列之一或多种: 乳糖、 蔗糖、 葡萄糖等。 润湿表 面活性剂优选地选自下列之一或多种: N-甲基 -N-油酰基牛磺酸钠、 N-甲基 -N- 棕榈基牛磺酸钠、 N-甲基 -N-油酰牛磺酸钠、 二辛基硫代丁二酸钠及其他垸基 硫代丁二酸钠、 月桂基硫酸钠等。 分散表面活性剂优选选自下列之一或多种: 木素磺酸钙、 木素磺酸钠和木素磺酸铵。 消泡剂优选地选自下列之一或多种: 甲基化硅酮、 聚硅氧垸和 2-乙基己醇。
本发明可溶性颗粒剂中,优选含有 0- 10%N-甲基- N-油酰基牛磺酸钠; 0-2% 木素磺酸钠和 0-1%的聚硅氧垸。
在更优选的实施方案中, 润湿和分散均采用天然植物混合脂肪酸脂, 用量 为 5-20%。
优选的本发明组合物含有(按重量计 %)
魔芋葡甘聚糖 1%〜60% 仙人掌汁 5%〜50% 烧基多糖昔 2%〜50% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 5%〜碼
农业上可接受的载体 0〜87%。
优选的本发明组合物含有(按重量计 %)
魔芋葡甘聚糖 1%〜碼 仙人掌汁 5%〜20% 烧基多糖昔 2%〜20% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 5%〜20% 水。
魔芋葡甘聚糖 5%〜60% 仙人掌汁 5%〜50% 烧基多糖昔 2%〜50% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 5%〜20% 可溶性填料。
优选的本发明组合物含有(按重量计 %)
魔芋葡甘聚糖 5%〜60% 仙人掌汁 5%〜50% 烧基多糖昔 2%〜50% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 5%〜20%
N-甲基 -N-油酰基牛磺酸钠 0-10% 聚硅氧垸 0-1% 可溶性填料
优选的本发明组合物含有(按重量计 %)
魔芋葡甘聚糖 5%〜60% 仙人掌汁 5%〜50% 烧基多糖昔 2%〜50% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 5%〜20%
N-甲基 -N-油酰基牛磺酸钠 0-10% 聚硅氧垸 0-1% 乳糖、 蔗糖或葡萄糖 本发明制剂可以配制成各种农药剂型, 优选的是胶体剂、 水基液剂或可溶 性颗粒剂,特别优选的是可溶性颗粒剂。类似地,本发明组合物可以呈聚集体、 基体或整体的形式, 如块、 片剂、 棍、 薄膜等等, 优选包埋在水溶性基体或整 体中。 本领域技术人员还充分意识到本发明进一步包括将速溶农药组合物嵌入 像袋、 胶囊等的水溶性包装中。
本领域技术人员知道, 各组分之和不大于 100% (重量), 组分例如魔芋葡 甘聚糖的确切浓度可以取决于杂质的存在而变化。 在本发明的上述组合物中, 除提到的组分外, 还可以根据加工的需要添加其它加工助剂, 其添加量从填料 或赋形剂如水或可溶性填料的用量中扣除。
本发明所述的 "魔芋葡甘聚糖" (KONJAC GLUC0MANNAN, 简称 KGM), 为天 然多糖,分子量为 200, 000- 2, 000, 000。它是由 β - D-甘露糖与 β - D-葡糖糖以 β - 1, 4键结合起来的链状分子, 分子中的甘露糖与葡萄糖的比例为 1. 6-4. 2, 在主链甘露糖的 C-3位上连有以 β -1-3键连接的支链结构, 大约每 32个糖残 基上有 3个左右的支链, 支链仅含几个残基, 并且某些糖残基上可能有乙酰基 团, 约每 19个糖残基(C- 6位)上连接有一个乙酰基, 以酯的方式相结合。 常 见的 KMG中甘露糖和葡萄糖的摩尔比约为 1. 5-1. 7 (通常为 1. 6), 乙酰基团含 量为 15%。
KGM水解后, 可获得葡萄糖、 甘露糖和少量的乙酸, 在其大分子链中, 乙 酰基 /糖残基为 1/19,如以 38个糖残基组成重复单元,葡萄糖(G) /甘露醇(Μ) 为 15/23。 即 1: 1. 5-1. 6, 主链中葡萄糖残基以及甘露糖残基均以 β - 1- 4甙 键相连接, 支链以 β -1-4甙键与主键相连接。
魔芋葡甘聚糖的化学结构如下所示:
Figure imgf000008_0001
本发明采用的魔芋葡甘聚糖例如通过鲜魔芋或魔芋精粉制备出魔芋葡甘 聚糖, 市售的食用级原料 (不含生物碱的), 用魔芋加工出的超微粉体, 例如襄 樊天源协力魔芋有限公司生产的 KG90TT1220型葡甘聚糖, 含量〉 80%, 执行标 准: GB\T18104- 2000。 由于魔芋葡甘聚糖具有较强的吸湿性, 可用胶囊将其制 备成 lg或 0. 8g的胶囊剂, 在制备胶体剂喷雾使用时, 将其与其他组分和水混 合使用。
本发明采用的魔芋葡甘聚糖还可以是魔芋葡苷聚糖的醚化改性物, 例如采 用氯乙到进行醚化改性得到的醚化魔芋葡苷聚糖。 参见, 例如, 《粘接》 2003, 24 (6), 第 33- 35页。
本发明所述的 "仙人掌汁"是指仙人掌原汁, 它可以是采用例如下述方法 制得的。
方法一: 以新鲜仙人掌茎片采用压搾、 过滤、 经三滚筒匀质机充分滚压到 无团粒胶状物后风干浓缩即可, 其浓缩的原汁应以具流动性为宜。
方法二: 将新鲜仙人掌茎叶除剌清净、 切碎、 置容器中, 加汁液提取促进 剂蔗糖、搅拌均匀后、静置, 分离, 即得原汁, 再加水稀释、搅拌、加入纸浆、 作助滤剂, 过滤即得仙人掌汁, 可再浓缩成透明油状物。 蔗糖的加入量可是仙 人掌料量的 5%〜50%。 参见, CN1264436C。
方法三: 以新鲜仙人掌茎叶为原料, 果蔬搾汁机直接搾汁, 滤掉粗渣, 再 以 20- 100MHz超声波处理, 450W/20分钟, 制得仙人掌汁。
垸基多糖苷在本发明组合物中用作表面活性物质。 用于本发明的 "垸基多 糖苷"可以由链垸醇与葡萄糖或其它的单糖、 双糖或多糖反应得到。 这里所用 的 "垸基多糖苷"包括一种垸基单糖苷。 优选用于本发明的垸基多糖苷是通过 葡萄糖与直链或支链的链垸醇或其混合物(例如, 含有 6-12个, 优选 7-12个 碳原子例如 8-10个碳原子的链垸醇混合物)反应得到的垸基多糖苷。 分子中 每个垸基的糖基数目可以变化, 可以是垸基单、 双或多糖或者糖衍生物。 商品 垸基多糖苷中常含有每个垸基的垸基平均数(聚合度为 1-4 (例如约 1-2) 的 衍生物的混合物。 一些合适的垸基多糖苷有市售的产品, 包括 AL2042 (ICI公 司)、 AGRIMUL2069 (汉高公司)和 ATPLUS258 (ICI公司)。 可以使用的以糖为 基础的表面活性剂包括单糖、 双糖或多糖的衍生物, 例如单糖、 双糖或多糖的 脂肪酸酸。 这类表面活性剂有例如 CRODETA (Crock公司) 的市售产品。
垸基多糖苷的结构式如下:
Figure imgf000009_0001
¾¾ * δδ
天然植物源混合脂肪酸脂是油脂厂的下脚料, 其组成大概是: 37.0%的 月桂酸, 16.0%的豆蔻酸, 15.0%的棕榈酸, 2%的硬脂酸, 17.0%的油 酸, 4%的亚油酸, 3%的辛酸, 3%的癸酸;它由 78%的饱和脂肪酸和 21% 的不饱和脂肪酸组成。 其皂化值(mg/g) 49, 酸值(KOH) (mg/g) 2. 3, 幾基 价(meq/kg) 1. 45。其检测方法参见 GB/T5534- 2008 《动植物油脂, 皂化值的 测定》、 GB/T5530-2005 《动植物油脂、 酸值和酸度测定》 GB/T5009. 37- 2003 《食用植物油卫生标准的分析方法》 GB/T17377- 2008 《动植物油脂脂肪酸甲 酯的气相色谱分析》。 该混合脂肪酸酯在组合物中主要起到增强其杀虫活性作 用, 还能增强该组合物的水溶性, 展着性和浸透性, 并且与其它乳油类农药混 配时起到水乳交融的作用。
本发明所述的 "农业上可接受的载体"是指各种可应用于农药加工领域的 填料或赋形剂。 "可溶性填料"包括用于稀释农药的任何水溶剂或者水分散剂。 适宜的水溶剂填料包括乳糖、 葡萄糖、 果糖、 甘露糖、 甘露糖醇、 水果糖、 甘 草糖、 红糖、 蔗糖、 其它糖类或糖化物、 微晶纤维素、 粉末状纤维素、 无机水 溶性盐, 特别是农业生产上常用的肥料或微量元素肥料例如 KC1、 KN03、 K2S04、 NH4NO3, (NH4) S04、 磷酸铵、 磷酸二氢钾、 磷酸钙(类:)、 硼砂和 ZnS04等; 优 选糖类例如乳糖、 葡萄糖、 果糖、甘露糖、甘露糖醇、 水果糖、甘草糖、 红糖、 蔗糖、 其它糖类或糖化物, 特别优选的是乳糖、 葡萄糖和蔗糖。试验表明, 糖 类填料对本发明组合物的农药效果有提升作用。
本发明所述的 "液剂"包括水基制剂如水溶剂或胶体制剂, 也包括乳油或 乳液或悬浮剂等。 但基于本发明简单、 安全、 环保的理念, 本发明优选配制成 水基制剂。
本发明所述的 "可溶性粒剂"试图包括任何颗粒剂或颗粒状组合物, 它们 溶解在水中后使魔芋葡甘聚糖和仙人掌多糖进入溶液中, 使二者产生作用。 既 然这二种活性成分已进入溶液, 那么不必所有的水溶性颗粒剂的组分都进入溶 液。 因而, 在本发明的范围内, 本发明包括那些某些组分可能是相对不溶的水 溶性颗粒剂。
该组合物的制备是根据剂型的不同确定方法, 均可采用常规的方式来制 备。
例如对于胶体剂可以采用如下方式: 液状胶体, 按配方要求称取所需重量 比的各种原料直接投放溶器内搅拌均匀分装即可。
可溶性粒剂, (1 )形成魔芋葡甘聚糖、 垸基多糖苷和水溶性填料, 任选 的植物源混合脂肪酸酯的粉末配料; (2) 向配料中加仙人掌汁和水; (3)通过 一个模具挤压湿的配料, 形成颗料; 以及干燥颗粒以除去水。 仙人掌汁也可以 加入步骤(1 ) 中。
本发明组合物通常在用水稀释后散播。 本领域技术人员将发现当用水稀释 时, 该农药组合物的稀释倍数依农药种类、 待防治有害生物的种类、 待处理作 物种类、 待减轻的细菌种类、 处理时期、 施用方法等而变化, 并且并不给定, 但通常是在 20-5000倍的范围内。
尤其用于防治给正长生或正在贮存的作物带来伤害的农业害虫。 用已知的 技术例如喷雾、 喷涂、 滴注、 浸渍、 灌根、 泼洒、 注射、 喷(施)粉等向生长 或贮存的作物施用该组合物, 以保护它们不受农业害虫的侵害。
本发明组合物具有长效的性质, 大田中通过上述方法施用 2次, 有效期可 达半年。
本发明组合物可以用于防治各种有害昆虫、 螨虫和线虫, 例如低龄蝼蛄、 菜青虫、 蟋蟀、 荔枝蝽象、 甜菜夜蛾、 蚜虫、 红蜘蛛、 白粉虱、 凤蝶、 毒蛾和 桃树根线虫等等, 并且还可以用于防治病害, 例如落叶果树和葡萄的根腐病、 桃树流胶病、 柑桔溃疡病有良好的防治效果。
仙人掌汁液在本发明中, 与魔芋葡甘聚糖一样, 有杀菌作用。 因此, 本发 明天然高分子多糖产品在常温下可放置 1-2年不变质, 若出现少量沉淀, 使用 前拌匀即可, 不影响效果, 使用前用适量 50〜60° C度温水化开即可按所需倍 选用液体组合物加水 500倍喷施于有害虫的农作物上, 3〜15分钟内对多 种有害昆虫的幼虫即被封闭窒息死亡。 若虫草和低龄幼虫死得更快。 死亡率可 达 90%以上或 100%。 有些害虫甚至只需 1分钟即可死亡。 如: 低龄蝼蛄、 菜青 虫、 蟋蟀、 荔枝蝽象、 甜菜夜蛾、 蚜虫、 红蜘蛛, 白粉虱、 凤蝶、 毒蛾等, 均 可在几分钟内窒息死亡。
以本品与阿维菌素类杀虫剂包括甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐 (简称 "甲维 盐")混合使用, 可降低甲维盐沉积在农作物枝叶上的毒性, 还可减少其它农 药 50%的用量, 而且杀灭害虫的速度更快。 本发明产品也可与其它毒性稍大的 农药混合使用, 还可将其有毒农药包裹并吸附在胶膜中, 阻隔有毒物质进入农 作物的枝叶内,从而减轻农产品中的有毒残留物,使有毒物质随胶膜加速降解。
本发明产品在短时间内可完全被降解。 无毒无味不污染环境。 经国家疾控 中心检测为实际无毒级产品。 经国家环保相关产品检测中心检测亦为实际无毒 级产品。 大鼠口服 LD50大于 5000mg/kg 以上。
在使用本组合物杀灭农作物害虫的过程中, 还观察到 250〜500倍喷施农 作物的芽、 茎、 枝叶后, 不但对农作物无任何有害影响, 反而比对照组生长更 健壮。 如豇豆、 柑桔的表现非常突出, 对柑桔病虫害的防治, 只要做到一梢三 药, 能使其达到理论生长的状态, 实现枝叶浓绿、 果实亮洁、 品质明显提高, 产量明显增加,于是产品的商品价值也大大提升。又如蔬菜和豇豆 (长豆角)等, 几年来, 在河南、 天津、 广东、 广西、 湖南等地的田间实验反馈结果, 得到广 泛的一致好评。 对蔬菜类可增加 10〜15%的产量, 还可改善其口感, 食之甜脆 可口, 检测均无残毒。 其原因可能是, 该组合物含多种矿物质或微量元素, 加 上有效控制了有害昆虫的危害, 使叶片健康生长, 大大增强了光合作用, 促进 了蔬果营养积累能力的原因。 而且, 该组合物配方中各原料成份之间不产生任 何化学反应, 仙人掌中的多不种氨基酸、 维生素、 钾、 钙、 镁、 磷等矿物质微 量元素, 仙人掌皂甙、 维生素 P, 仙人掌多糖, 或其诸多的混合脂肪酸和魔芋 葡甘聚糖,垸基多糖苷,均含植物或农作物所需的补品氮磷钾以及多元复合物。
本发明与现有农药及叶面肥, 植物生长调节剂相比, 具有如下优点:
1、 本组合物是一种区别于一般农药的天然活性无毒高分子胶状混合物, 具有独特的成膜性, 展着性、 黏着性、 水溶性极好等特点, 同时应具备了能够 彻底, 完全降解的特点和该胶体成膜于农作枝叶上, 不但不会对农作物的生长 造成危害, 反而还具有这么多优点。 这些性能都体现了它的奇特并实现了它的 功能。 天然高分子活性胶体, 对害虫致死。 对庄稼营养、 无毒、 不伤害天敌、 鱼、 鸟、 蛙类, 绿色环保、 无残毒等一系列优点, 正是当今人类维护环境, 维 护健康的所需, 这是一种全新的概念。
2、 本发明组合物可与部分微、 低毒农药或叶面肥, 植物生长调节剂混合 使用, 有明显增效作用, 减少其它农药的用量 30〜50%, 但灭虫效果可以增强, 不产生抗药性。
3、 原料易得, 成本低, 生产方法简单。
下面的实施例说明了本发明组合物制备方法。 给出下面的实施例用于说明 本发明, 但并不对本发明的范围和精神作出限制 <
具体实施方式
实施例 1
下面给出胶体制剂的代表组成:
天然髙分子多糖杀虫胶体制剂
组分 来源或商品名 %w/w
魔芋葡甘聚糖 KG90TT1220 10
仙人掌汁 自制 10
烧基多糖昔 AL2042 15
天然植物混合脂肪酸酯 油脂厂下脚料 20
通过将上述所有组分加水补足至百分之百, 搅拌后制成油状透明的液态胶 体, 既成产品(本品命名为 "庄稼健康沐浴露"), 该产品用水量稀释 200- 1000 倍, 喷于植物叶面可杀灭蚜虫、 红蜘蛛、 白粉虱, 潜叶蛾成虫、 风蝶、 毒蛾、 蟋蟀、 蝼蛄等多种低龄幼虫或若虫。 具体效果数据参见表 1。
可依据前述各组分的范围, 对配方中物质的含量进行适当调整, 并不会对 本发明产品的效果产生大的影响。
来源或商品名 %w/w
KG90TT1220 40
自制 40
AL2042 50 椰子油二乙醇酰胺 市售 60 蔗糖或葡萄糖 市售 10
水 200
将上述组分混合, 充分搅拌均匀, 制成黏稠状胶体, 以本品稀释 200-800 倍液 (先用少量的水将其溶化后再加入所需倍数的足量水中搅匀)喷施在农作 物枝叶上对蚜、 螨类害虫具铲除功效, 同时可抵御多种病菌的分生孢子浸染农 作物, 达到病虫兼治的功效。 效果数据参见表 2。 实施例 3
可溶性颗粒剂配方一
组分 来源或商品名 重量 (kg)
魔芋葡甘聚糖 KG90TT1220 100
仙人掌汁 自制 100
烧基多糖昔 ATPLUS258 50
庶糖或葡萄糖 20 将上述原料混合均匀, 经气流粉碎机(AD涡轮式粉碎机, 嵊州市浙东粉碎 机厂)粉碎后得到细度为 900-1000目的母粉,将母粉与 30kg水混合搅拌均匀, 即可送至造粒机(平形双螺杆挤出机, 常州市发达机械设备厂)挤压造粒, 得 到柱状颗粒, 再将该湿的柱状颗粒放入抛圆机(JPY-2型, 山东滕州鲁沪机械 有限责任公司) 中进行抛圆, 转速为 700转 /分钟, 再经筛分、 烘干、 再筛分 得到均匀的直径为 1. 2cm圆形的可溶性颗粒剂, 成粒率达到 85%。 可将颗粒剂 溶于水, 稀释 250-500倍 (先用少量的水将其溶化后再加入所需倍数的足量水 中搅匀)后使用, 效果数据参见表 3。
可溶性颗粒剂配方二:
组分 来源或商品名 重量 (kg) 魔芋葡甘聚糖 KG90TT1220 5
仙人掌汁 自制 5 垸基多糖苷 ATPLUS258 120 蔗糖或葡萄糖 市售 50 水 20 制备方法同上。
可溶性颗粒剂配方三:
组分 来源或商品名 重量 (kg) 魔芋葡甘聚糖 KG90TT1220 0. 1 仙人掌汁 自制 2 垸基多糖苷 ATPLUS258 140 蔗糖或葡萄糖 市售 40 水 18
制备方法同上。
可溶性粉剂配方一:
组分 来源或商品名 %w/w 魔芋葡甘聚糖 KG90TT1220 20 自制 20
ATPLUS258 10
市售 5
市售 5
市售 1
市售 39
将上述原料混合均匀, 经气流粉碎机粉碎, 喷雾干燥制成象洗衣粉样的粉 状剂型, 对各种害虫的防治, 可稀释 1000〜2000倍液喷施, 效果同上, 该剂 型固体含量高, 所以使用倍数高, 其优点主要是方便运输, 减少包装成本。 可溶性粉剂配方二:
组分 来源或商品名 %w/w
魔芋葡甘聚糖 KG90TT1220 5
仙人掌汁 自制 5
烧基多糖昔 ATPLUS258 50
N-甲基 -N-油酰基牛磺酸钠 市售 8
椰子油二乙醇酰胺 市售 15
甲氧基硅酮 市售 1
乳糖或葡萄糖 市售 16
制备方法同上。 实施例 5
用上述任何一个剂型和甲维盐低毒农药混合使用, 可降低甲维盐农药用量 的 50%, 同时可达到扩大杀虫谱。 在生产绿色农产品的病虫害防治过程中同样 能达标而无残毒。
实施例 6
魔芋葡甘聚糖 5公斤, 取仙人掌提取物 5公斤, 垸基多糖苷 5公斤, 天然 植物混合脂肪酸酯 5公斤, 充分搅拌均匀, 用水稀释 500倍液灌根对落叶果 树和葡萄脚腐病的防治效果显著。 对桃树根线虫和流胶病, 柑桔溃疡病有良好 的防治效果兼防各种害虫。 将魔芋葡甘聚糖单独制成胶囊剂, 规格为 0. 8g或 lg, 将实施例四的其余 组分制成粉剂单独包装, 制成二元的包装形式, 使用时将魔芋葡甘聚糖胶囊剂 与其余组分混合, 用适量的水溶解后稀释成所需倍数的液剂喷雾使用。
另外: 以上各实例组合物对庞物身上的菌、 螨、 虱、 蚤也有相当好的杀灭 作用, 除用作 "庄稼健康沐浴", 亦可用作宠物卫生沐浴。
本发明产品由广西大学应用昆虫研究所于 2008年 6〜7月对豇豆红蜘蛛、 豆蚜、 荔枝蝽象几种害虫进行杀灭实验。 实验方法及结果如下:
1、 供式害虫: 豇豆红蜘蛛、 豆蜉、 荔蝽。
2、 试验方法: 从田间采集供试害虫回室内进行实验, 本组合物用清水稀 释成 3个浓度, 每个浓度为 1个处理, 每个处理设 3个重复, 用手扶喷雾器将 稀释药液均匀喷洒于虫体上, 另设喷清水对照, 药后 24h, 72h调査害虫死亡 率情况: 对豇豆红蜘蛛的室内药效(南宁 .2008.7)
Figure imgf000019_0001
对豆蜉室内药效测定结果(南宁. 2008. 7)
Figure imgf000020_0001
对荔枝蝽若虫室内药效测定结果(2008.07)
Figure imgf000021_0001
3、 实验结果
对豇豆红蜘蛛的成若螨、 稀释 250倍、 300倍, 喷后 24h死亡率为 100%, 72h杀卵效果为 82. 45〜100% (见表 1 )对豇豆芽, 稀释 500倍, 药后 24h, 死 亡率达 93. 86% (见表 2); 对荔枝蝽象若虫, 稀释 300倍, 药后 24h, 死亡率的 83. . 87%和 500倍的 83. 1%,效果相差较小,且都有较高的杀灭效果 (详见表 3) 4、 结论
用本发明组合物稀释 300〜500倍防治豇豆、 柑桔红蜘蛛、 豆蜉、 荔枝蝽 象若成虫, 均取得良好效果, 此组合物具有水溶性好, 展着性强, 成膜迅速等 特点, 其对害虫的作用方式 (机理)主要是药液喷到虫体上之后能迅速形成胶膜 将害虫气门及呼吸器孔封闭, 致使窒息死亡。 这种组合物用于防治害虫, 如 此高的效价和稀释倍数和前虽有报道。 但目前国内外尚未见有超过该组合物之 优点的报道。

Claims

权 利 要 求 书
1、 一种天然高分子多糖杀虫组合物, 其特征在于含有: 魔芋葡甘聚糖、 仙人掌汁和垸基多糖苷。
2、 根据权利要求 1所述的组合物, 它含有如下组分及重量百分比含量: 魔芋葡甘聚糖 0. 01%〜60% 仙人掌汁 1%〜50% 烧基多糖昔 1%〜80% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 0%〜40%
农业上可接受的载体 0〜97. 99%(
3、 根据权利要求 2的组合物, 其中:
魔芋葡甘聚糖 1%〜50% 仙人掌汁 5%〜碼 烧基多糖昔 2%〜60% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 0%〜40%
农业上可接受的载体 0〜92%。
4、 根据权利要求 2的组合物, 其中:
魔芋葡甘聚糖 1%〜碼 仙人掌汁 5%〜20% 烧基多糖昔 2%〜20% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 0%〜20%
水。
5、 根据权利要求 2的组合物, 其中: 魔芋葡甘聚糖 5%〜60%
仙人掌汁 5%〜50%
垸基多糖苷 2%〜50%
天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 0%〜20%
可溶性填料。
6、 根据权利要求 1-5之任一的组合物, 其中, 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或 椰子油二乙醇酰胺的含量为 5-20%。
7、 根据权利要求 1-6之任一的组合物, 其中- 可溶性填料选自下列成分 之一或多种: 乳糖、 葡萄糖、 果糖、 甘露糖、 甘露 醇、 水果糖、 甘草糖、 红 糖、 蔗糖和微晶纤维素。
8、 根据权利要求 7 的组合物, 其中, 可溶性填料选自乳糖、 蔗糖和葡萄 糖中的一或多种。
9、 根据权利要求 1-8之任一的组合物, 其中, 还含有: 润湿表面活性剂 和 /或分散表面活性剂, 任选的消泡剂。
10、 根据权利要求 9的组合物, 其中, 润湿表面活性剂选自下列之一或多 种: N-甲基 -N-油酰基牛磺酸钠、 N-甲基 -N-棕榈基牛磺酸钠、 N-甲基 -N-油酰 牛磺酸钠、 二辛基硫代丁二酸钠及其他垸基硫代丁二酸钠和月桂基硫酸钠; 分 散表面活性剂选自下列之一或多种: 木素磺酸钙、 木素磺酸钠和木素磺酸铵; 消泡剂选自下列之一或多种: 甲基化硅酮、 聚硅氧垸和 2-乙基己醇。
11、 根据权利要求 10的组合物, 其中,
魔芋葡甘聚糖 5%〜60%
仙人掌汁 5%〜50% 垸基多糖苷 2%〜50% 天然植物混合脂肪酸脂或椰子油二乙醇酰胺 5%〜20%
N-甲基- N-油酰基牛磺酸钠 0-10% 聚硅氧垸 0-1% 可溶性填料 余量。 8g或 lg, 将其余组分单独包装, 制成二元制剂。
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