WO2011042476A1 - Device for cleaning wastewater comprising contaminants and that can be or is installed in a watercraft - Google Patents

Device for cleaning wastewater comprising contaminants and that can be or is installed in a watercraft Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011042476A1
WO2011042476A1 PCT/EP2010/064943 EP2010064943W WO2011042476A1 WO 2011042476 A1 WO2011042476 A1 WO 2011042476A1 EP 2010064943 W EP2010064943 W EP 2010064943W WO 2011042476 A1 WO2011042476 A1 WO 2011042476A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
waste water
reactor
water tank
wastewater
interior
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/EP2010/064943
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Jens VAN ZÜREN
Original Assignee
Enveko Gmbh
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Publication date
Application filed by Enveko Gmbh filed Critical Enveko Gmbh
Priority to EP10765420A priority Critical patent/EP2485986A1/en
Publication of WO2011042476A1 publication Critical patent/WO2011042476A1/en

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
    • C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
    • C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
    • C02F3/1242—Small compact installations for use in homes, apartment blocks, hotels or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63J—AUXILIARIES ON VESSELS
    • B63J4/00—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for
    • B63J4/006—Arrangements of installations for treating ballast water, waste water, sewage, sludge, or refuse, or for preventing environmental pollution not otherwise provided for for treating waste water or sewage
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2103/00—Nature of the water, waste water, sewage or sludge to be treated
    • C02F2103/008—Originating from marine vessels, ships and boats, e.g. bilge water or ballast water
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F2201/00—Apparatus for treatment of water, waste water or sewage
    • C02F2201/001—Build in apparatus for autonomous on board water supply and wastewater treatment (e.g. for aircrafts, cruiseships, oil drilling platforms, railway trains, space stations)
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
    • Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device which can be installed or installed in a vessel for the purification of pollutants containing wastewater with at least one reactor which can be connected to an effluent tank for temporarily storing the effluent, in which the effluent is mixed with gas and enriched and biodegradation of the impurities takes place. and at least one separation unit connected to the reactor, in which any remaining impurities remaining in the wastewater are retained.
  • watercraft in the present context is meant all types of powered and non-powered watercraft, such as, in particular, large vessels, such as containerized or cruise ships, in relation to smaller yachts, work pontoons and platforms and offshore platforms.
  • wastewater is understood, in particular, to mean liquid waste products from the kitchen and sanitary sector and, in addition, other liquid waste products from industrial processes.
  • Ab- Water not only water, but also other liquid and solid components, which are also often biomass.
  • gray water which is with chemicals, especially detergents and surfactants, spiked and slightly contaminated water from sink, shower and bath, and black water, which also contains thick matter, usually of biological origin and when using toilets.
  • the device of the type mentioned allows a two-stage purification of wastewater.
  • a biological purification of the waste water in a reactor by mixing the waste water with gas, which is usually air or oxygen, followed by biological degradation of the impurities contained in the wastewater.
  • gas which is usually air or oxygen
  • one or more reactors may be used if desired. In the case of using multiple reactors, these may be connected in parallel and / or in series, with a parallel connection leads to an increase in capacity, while a series circuit, for example, a primary reactor and a downstream secondary reactor, mainly an increase in the cleaning quality is intended.
  • a further purification process takes place, in that possibly remaining residual impurities, in particular biomass and / or other thick matter, are retained by the separation unit in the wastewater and thus removed from the wastewater.
  • the purification takes place in the downstream of the reactor separation unit essentially by mechanical means. This two-stage process, which runs continuously, leads to a very high degree of purity of the purified wastewater.
  • the wastewater is first collected in at least one wastewater tank before it then undergoes the cleaning process in the previously described apparatus.
  • the waste water stored there is removed from the waste water tank and placed in the apparatus described above for the purpose of purification.
  • the maximum amount of waste water to be processed in the cleaning device is determined by the maximum filling volume of the wastewater tank (s).
  • wastewater tanks are often required by law. This applies in particular to shipping, whereby not only large ships such as container freighters or cruise ships, but also in relation to smaller yachts are affected.
  • a device for purifying impurities containing wastewater with at least one connectable to a waste tank for temporary storage of the wastewater reactor in which the waste water is mixed with gas and enriched and biodegradation of the Contaminations takes place, and at least one separation unit connected to the reactor, in which wastewater possibly still remaining residual impurities are retained, characterized in that the reactor is designed for at least partial installation in the waste water tank and essentially an independent, relative to the surrounding Interior of the waste water tank forms a closed unit.
  • an apparatus for purifying impurities containing waste water with at least one waste water tank for temporarily storing the waste water, a reactor connected to the waste tank, in which the waste water is mixed with gas and enriched and Biodegradation of the impurities takes place, and at least one separation unit connected to the reactor, in which wastewater possibly still remaining residual impurities are retained, characterized in that the reactor is at least partially disposed within the waste water tank and essentially a separate, forms a closed unit with respect to the surrounding interior of the waste water tank.
  • the space can be saved, which was originally claimed in the conventional devices of the at least one reactor.
  • the reactor is placed in the inventive arrangement by installation in a waste water tank separated from the separation unit.
  • the volume of construction of the remaining part of the device without a reactor is significantly reduced, while not making itself noticeable by the installation in the waste water tank, the footprint of the reactor.
  • the invention makes use of the knowledge that the receiving volume of wastewater tanks commonly used is much larger than the volume of construction of a reactor of the aforementioned device.
  • the effective incorporation volume of the inventive incorporation of the reactor into a wastewater tank experiences a reduction, which, however, does not actually have any effect in practice, while on the other hand the space gain for the installation of the device is clearly noticeable.
  • the inventive installation of the reactor in the wastewater tank can be a further advantage of the connecting lines between the waste water tank and the reactor shorten considerably.
  • a suitably located below the water level in the wastewater tank inlet a direct connection below the water surface within the waste water tank between the surrounding interior and the interior of the reactor.
  • the reactor forms an independent, compared to the surrounding interior of the septic tank closed system that operates independently of the surrounding interior of the septic tank and preferably also does not emit purified water into the surrounding interior of the septic tank; Rather, the purified water should preferably be discharged from the reactor via an outlet which forms a separate discharge line from the interior of the waste water tank.
  • a supply line 2 which includes a pump 4 to waste water containing contaminants, usually thick matter of biological origin, to promote in a waste water tank 6.
  • the waste water tank 6, which may for example be provided on ships as Kayka- lientank serves for intermediate storage of the wastewater.
  • the volume of such a waste water tank 6 is usually a few cubic meters or a few thousand liters.
  • the waste water tank 6 communicates with a reactor 10, which thus the feed 8 is supplied directly from the reactor 10 surrounding the interior of the waste water tank 6 with the wastewater containing impurities.
  • the reactor 10 forms an independent, compared to the surrounding interior of the septic tank 6 closed system, which operates independently of the surrounding interior of the septic tank 6.
  • the reactor 10 consists of a substantially upright cylindrical container and is divided into a lower transport zone 10a (short residence time) and an upper reaction zone 10b (longer residence time).
  • the inlet 8 is connected to the lower transport zone 10a.
  • gas usually air or oxygen
  • gas is introduced into the transport zone 10a and thus into the wastewater located there.
  • the wastewater is moved in a circulating flow.
  • a liquid flow from the lower transport zone 10a takes place in the upper reaction zone 10b.
  • the wastewater is also subjected to a circular flow.
  • the reaction zone 10b serves to biodegrade the impurities in the wastewater.
  • the reactor 10 contains in the usual way biomass, which grows with the degradation of the impurities and is removed in a known manner gradually.
  • the reaction zone 10b and the transport zone 10a may further be connected to each other via a return, not shown in the figure, to effect a return of at least a portion of the liquid from the reaction zone 10b in the transport zone 10a with subsequent re-enrichment with gas.
  • a return not shown in the figure
  • the wastewater purified in the reactor 10 so far exits the reactor 10 via an outlet 12 connected to the reaction zone 10 b and is conveyed by means of a pump 14 through a connecting line 16 into a separation unit 18.
  • the separation unit 18 consists of a container whose interior is divided by a membrane 20 into an upstream portion 18a and a downstream portion 18b.
  • the membrane 20 performs a filtering function so that the residual contaminants remaining in the purified waste water are retained by the membrane 20 and collected in the upstream section 18b. Passed through the membrane 20, only the pure liquid in the downstream portion 18 b of the separation unit 18.
  • the thus two-stage purified waste water exits via a drain 22 from the downstream portion 18 b of the separation unit 18.
  • the membrane 20 is indicated only by a simple straight line; in fact, however, the membrane is usually provided with such a special shape, so that the largest possible surface is formed.
  • the reactor 10 is completely installed within the waste water tank 6, so that it does not appear in the installation of the system shown in the figure outwardly and therefore does not claim any additional space.
  • the effective receiving volume of the waste water tank 6 undergoes a reduction due to the installation of the reactor 10, in practice it does not have any practical effect since the volume of waste water tanks commonly used is considerably larger than the volume of construction of the reactor 10. This can be seen in the attached Figure not to scale for expression, since for reasons of better representation, the reactor 10 is shown enlarged in relation to the waste water tank 6.
  • the inlet 8 needs to be formed only as a simple nozzle, which is a connection between the surrounding interior of the septic tank 6 and the interior of the reactor 10 produces.
  • the drain 12 must be led out of the reactor 10 through the wall 6a of the waste water tank 6 to the outside and forms for this purpose a relation to the interior of the waste water tank 6 separate drain line.
  • the figure reflects only a very simplified representation of the system described above.
  • a plant usually still has other aggregates such as e.g. Pumps, branches, valves, valves and other piping as well as controls and power supplies, which usually belong to the outside of the septic tank part of the system, but are omitted in the figure for reasons of clarity.
  • the separation unit 18 may include a plurality of filters and / or membranes.
  • a plurality of reactors may also be used, which are preferably all installed in the waste water tank 6.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for cleaning wastewater comprising contaminants that can be or is installed in a watercraft, having at least one reactor (10) that can be connected to a wastewater tank (6) for intermediately storing the wastewater, in which the wastewater is mixed with gas and enriched, and biodegradation of the contaminants takes place, and at least one separating unit (18) connected to the reactor (10), in which any residual contaminants still present in the wastewater are retained. According to the invention, the reactor (10) is designed for at least partially installing in the wastewater tank (6) and substantially forms an independent unit, closed against the surrounding interior of the wastewater tank (6).

Description

In ein Wasserfahrzeug einbaubare oder eingebaute Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Verunreinigungen enthaltendem Abwasser  In a vessel installed or built-in device for the purification of impurities containing wastewater
Die Erfindung betrifft eine in ein Wasserfahrzeug einbaubare oder eingebaute Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Verunreinigungen enthaltendem Abwasser mit mindestens einem an einen AbWassertank zur Zwischenspeicherung des Abwassers anschließbaren Reaktor, in dem das Abwasser mit Gas vermischt und ange- reichert wird und ein biologischer Abbau der Verunreinigungen stattfindet, und mindestens einer an den Reaktor angeschlossenen Trenneinheit, in der im Abwasser evtl. noch vorhandene restliche Verunreinigungen zurückgehalten werden. The invention relates to a device which can be installed or installed in a vessel for the purification of pollutants containing wastewater with at least one reactor which can be connected to an effluent tank for temporarily storing the effluent, in which the effluent is mixed with gas and enriched and biodegradation of the impurities takes place. and at least one separation unit connected to the reactor, in which any remaining impurities remaining in the wastewater are retained.
Unter„Wasserfahrzeug" werden im vorliegenden Kontext alle Arten von angetriebenen und antriebslosen Wasserfahrzeugen, wie insbesondere große Schiffe, wie beispielsweise Containerfrachter oder Kreuzfahrtschiffe, im Verhältnis hierzu kleinere Yachten, Arbeitspontons und -Plattformen und Bohrinseln verstanden. By "watercraft" in the present context is meant all types of powered and non-powered watercraft, such as, in particular, large vessels, such as containerized or cruise ships, in relation to smaller yachts, work pontoons and platforms and offshore platforms.
Unter "Abwasser" wird im vorliegenden Kontext insbesondere zum einen flüssige Abfallprodukte aus dem Küchen- und Sanitärbereich und zürn anderen flüssige Abfallprodukte aus industriellen Prozessen verstanden. Gewöhnlich enthält Ab- wasser nicht nur Wasser, sondern auch andere flüssige sowie feste Bestandteile, bei denen es sich auch nicht selten um Biomasse handelt. Bei Abwasser aus dem Sanitärbereich unterscheidet man ferner zwischen Grauwasser, bei welchem es sich um mit Chemikalien, insbesondere Spülmitteln und Tensiden, versetztes und leicht verunreinigtes Wasser aus Spülbecken, Dusche und Badewanne handelt, und Schwarzwasser, das zusätzlich noch Dickstoffe, gewöhnlich biologischen Ursprunges, enthält und bei der Benutzung von Toiletten entsteht. In the present context, "wastewater" is understood, in particular, to mean liquid waste products from the kitchen and sanitary sector and, in addition, other liquid waste products from industrial processes. Usually, Ab- Water not only water, but also other liquid and solid components, which are also often biomass. For sanitary sanitation also differentiates between gray water, which is with chemicals, especially detergents and surfactants, spiked and slightly contaminated water from sink, shower and bath, and black water, which also contains thick matter, usually of biological origin and when using toilets.
Die Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art erlaubt eine zweistufige Reinigung von Abwasser. Zunächst erfolgt eine biologische Reinigung des Abwassers in einem Reaktor durch Vermischen des Abwassers mit Gas, bei dem es sich gewöhnlich um Luft oder Sauerstoff handelt, und anschließendem biologischem Abbau der im Abwasser enthaltenen Verunreinigungen. Wahlweise können ein Reaktor oder bei Bedarf auch mehrere Reaktoren verwendet werden. Im Falle einer Verwendung von mehreren Reaktoren können diese parallel und/oder in Reihe geschaltet sein, wobei eine Parallelschaltung zu einer Kapazitätssteigerung führt, während mit einer Reihenschaltung, beispielsweise aus einem primären Reaktor und einem nachgeschalteten sekundären Reaktor, hauptsächlich eine Steigerung der Reinigungsqualität bezweckt wird. In einer dem Reaktor nachgeordneten Trenneinheit findet ein weiterer Reinigungsprozess statt, indem durch die Trenneinheit im Abwasser evtl. noch vorhandene restliche Verunreinigungen, insbesondere Biomasse und/oder sonstige Dickstoffe, zurückgehalten und somit dem Abwasser entzogen werden. Während also im Reaktor im Wesentlichen eine biologische Reinigung stattfindet, erfolgt die Reinigung in der dem Reaktor nachgeordneten Trenneinheit im Wesentlichen auf mechanischem Wege. Dieses zweistufige Verfahren, welches kontinuierlich abläuft, führt zu einem sehr hohen Reinheitsgrad des gereinigten Abwassers. The device of the type mentioned allows a two-stage purification of wastewater. First, a biological purification of the waste water in a reactor by mixing the waste water with gas, which is usually air or oxygen, followed by biological degradation of the impurities contained in the wastewater. Optionally, one or more reactors may be used if desired. In the case of using multiple reactors, these may be connected in parallel and / or in series, with a parallel connection leads to an increase in capacity, while a series circuit, for example, a primary reactor and a downstream secondary reactor, mainly an increase in the cleaning quality is intended. In a separation unit arranged downstream of the reactor, a further purification process takes place, in that possibly remaining residual impurities, in particular biomass and / or other thick matter, are retained by the separation unit in the wastewater and thus removed from the wastewater. Thus, while essentially a biological purification takes place in the reactor, the purification takes place in the downstream of the reactor separation unit essentially by mechanical means. This two-stage process, which runs continuously, leads to a very high degree of purity of the purified wastewater.
Bei vielen Anwendungen wird das Abwasser zunächst in mindestens einem Abwassertank gesammelt, bevor es dann den Reinigungsprozess in der zuvor beschriebenen Vorrichtung durchläuft. Spätestens wenn der Abwassertank voll ist, wird das dort zwischengespeicherte Abwasser dem Abwassertank entnommen und in die zuvor beschriebene Vorrichtung zwecks Reinigung gegeben. Somit wird die in der Reinigungsvorrichtung zu verarbeitende maximale Menge von Abwasser durch das maximale Füllvolumen des oder der Abwassertanks bestimmt. Dies führt zu einem wiederholt zeitweise unterbrochenen Betrieb der Reinigungsvorrichtung in zeitlichen Intervallen, was unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Energieeffizienz und des Wirkungsgrades von Vorteil ist und dies sich insbesondere dann besonders vorteilhaft bemerkbar macht, wenn Abwasser nur unregelmäßig und in teilweise großen zeitlichen Abständen sowie in insbesondere stark unterschiedlichen und/oder teilweise sogar sehr geringen Mengen anfällt. In many applications, the wastewater is first collected in at least one wastewater tank before it then undergoes the cleaning process in the previously described apparatus. At the latest when the waste water tank is full, the waste water stored there is removed from the waste water tank and placed in the apparatus described above for the purpose of purification. Thus, the maximum amount of waste water to be processed in the cleaning device is determined by the maximum filling volume of the wastewater tank (s). This leads to a repeated intermittent interrupted operation of the cleaning device in time intervals, which is advantageous from the viewpoint of energy efficiency and efficiency, and this is particularly advantageous noticeable when wastewater only irregularly and in some large time intervals and in particular strong different and / or sometimes even very small amounts.
Nicht nur aus technischen Gründen, sondern in manchen Anwendungsfällen auch aus Gründen des Umweltschutzes und der Umwelthygiene sind Abwassertanks vorzusehen. In letzterem Fall sind Abwassertanks häufig sogar gesetzlich Pflicht. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Schifffahrt, wobei nicht nur große Schiffe wie beispielsweise Containerfrachter oder Kreuzfahrtschiffe, sondern auch im Verhältnis hierzu kleinere Yachten betroffen sind. Hier stellt sich häufig ein Platzproblem für die Installation einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art. Not only for technical reasons, but in some applications, also for reasons of environmental protection and environmental hygiene waste water tanks are provided. In the latter case, wastewater tanks are often required by law. This applies in particular to shipping, whereby not only large ships such as container freighters or cruise ships, but also in relation to smaller yachts are affected. Here is often a space problem for the installation of a device of the type mentioned.
Es ist daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so zu verbessern, dass ihre Installation auch in räumlich beengten Verhältnissen im Wesentlichen problemlos möglich ist. It is therefore an object of the present invention to improve a device of the type mentioned in such a way that its installation is substantially problem-free even in confined spaces.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß einem ersten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Verunreinigungen enthaltendem Abwasser mit mindestens einem an einen Abwassertank zur Zwischenspei- cherung des Abwassers anschließbaren Reaktor, in dem das Abwasser mit Gas vermischt und angereichert wird und ein biologischer Abbau der Verunreinigungen stattfindet, und mindestens einer an den Reaktor angeschlossenen Trenneinheit, in der im Abwasser evtl. noch vorhandene restliche Verunreinigungen zurückgehalten werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor für einen mindestens teilweise Einbau in den Abwassertank ausgebildet ist und im wesentlichen eine eigenständige, gegenüber dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks geschlossene Einheit bildet. Die zuvor angegebene Aufgabe wird ferner gemäß einem zweiten Aspekt der vorliegenden Erfindung gelöst durch eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Verunreinigungen enthaltendem Abwasser mit mindestens einem Abwassertank zur Zwischenspeicherung des Abwassers, einem an den Abwassertank angeschlossenen Reaktor, in dem das Abwasser mit Gas vermischt und angereichert wird und ein biologischer Abbau der Verunreinigungen stattfindet, und mindestens einer an den Reaktor angeschlossenen Trenneinheit, in der im Abwasser evtl. noch vorhandene restliche Verunreinigungen zurückgehalten werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor mindestens teilweise innerhalb des Abwas- sertanks angeordnet ist und im wesentlichen eine eigenständige, gegenüber dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks geschlossene Einheit bildet. This object is achieved according to a first aspect of the present invention by a device for purifying impurities containing wastewater with at least one connectable to a waste tank for temporary storage of the wastewater reactor in which the waste water is mixed with gas and enriched and biodegradation of the Contaminations takes place, and at least one separation unit connected to the reactor, in which wastewater possibly still remaining residual impurities are retained, characterized in that the reactor is designed for at least partial installation in the waste water tank and essentially an independent, relative to the surrounding Interior of the waste water tank forms a closed unit. The above object is further achieved according to a second aspect of the present invention by an apparatus for purifying impurities containing waste water with at least one waste water tank for temporarily storing the waste water, a reactor connected to the waste tank, in which the waste water is mixed with gas and enriched and Biodegradation of the impurities takes place, and at least one separation unit connected to the reactor, in which wastewater possibly still remaining residual impurities are retained, characterized in that the reactor is at least partially disposed within the waste water tank and essentially a separate, forms a closed unit with respect to the surrounding interior of the waste water tank.
Durch den erfindungsgemäßen mindestens teilweisen Einbau des mindestens einen Reaktors in den Abwassertank, der vorzugsweise ausschließlich nur zur Zwischenspeicherung von von außen zugeführtem, verschmutztem Abwasser vorgesehen ist, lässt sich derjenige Platz einsparen, der ursprünglich bei den herkömmlichen Vorrichtungen von dem mindestens einen Reaktor beansprucht wurde. Gegenüber herkömmlichen Vorrichtungen, bei welchen Reaktor und Trenneinheit auf demselben Fundament montiert waren und somit baulich eine Einheit bildeten, wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung durch den Einbau in einen Abwassertank der Reaktor getrennt von der Trenneinheit platziert. Dadurch wird das Bauvolumen des übrig gebliebenen Teils der Vorrichtung ohne Reaktor deutlich reduziert, während sich durch den Einbau in den Abwassertank der Platzbedarf des Reaktors nicht mehr bemerkbar macht. Dabei macht sich die Erfindung die Erkenntnis zunutze, dass das Aufnahmevolumen der gebräuchlich verwendeten Abwassertanks wesentlich größer als das Bauvolumen eines Reaktors der eingangs genannten Vorrichtung ist. Dies hat zur Folge, dass durch den erfindungsgemäßen Einbau des Reaktors in einen Abwassertank dessen effektives Aufnahmevolumen zwar eine Reduzierung erfährt, welche sich jedoch in der Praxis faktisch nicht auswirkt, während sich demgegenüber der Platzgewinn für die Installation der Vorrichtung deutlich bemerkbar macht. Durch den erfindungsgemäßen Einbau des Reaktors in den Abwassertank lassen sich als weiteren Vorteil die Verbindungsleitungen zwischen dem Abwassertank und dem Reaktor erheblich verkürzen. So entsteht über einen zweckmäßigerweise unterhalb des Wasserspiegels im Abwassertank liegenden Zulauf eine direkte Verbindung unterhalb der Wasseroberfläche innerhalb des Abwassertanks zwischen dessen umgebenden Innenraum und dem Innenraum des Reaktors. Der Reaktor bildet ein eigenständiges, gegenüber dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks geschlossenes System, das autark gegenüber dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks arbeitet und bevorzugt auch kein gereinigtes Wasser in den umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks abgibt; vielmehr sollte das gereinigte Wasser aus dem Reaktor bevorzugt über einen Auslauf abgeleitet werden, der eine gegenüber dem Innenraum des Abwassertanks getrennte Abflussleitung bildet. Due to the inventive at least partial installation of at least one reactor in the waste water tank, which is preferably provided exclusively for temporary storage of polluted wastewater supplied from outside, the space can be saved, which was originally claimed in the conventional devices of the at least one reactor. Compared to conventional devices in which the reactor and separation unit were mounted on the same foundation and thus structurally formed a unit, the reactor is placed in the inventive arrangement by installation in a waste water tank separated from the separation unit. As a result, the volume of construction of the remaining part of the device without a reactor is significantly reduced, while not making itself noticeable by the installation in the waste water tank, the footprint of the reactor. In this case, the invention makes use of the knowledge that the receiving volume of wastewater tanks commonly used is much larger than the volume of construction of a reactor of the aforementioned device. As a result, the effective incorporation volume of the inventive incorporation of the reactor into a wastewater tank experiences a reduction, which, however, does not actually have any effect in practice, while on the other hand the space gain for the installation of the device is clearly noticeable. The inventive installation of the reactor in the wastewater tank can be a further advantage of the connecting lines between the waste water tank and the reactor shorten considerably. Thus, via a suitably located below the water level in the wastewater tank inlet a direct connection below the water surface within the waste water tank between the surrounding interior and the interior of the reactor. The reactor forms an independent, compared to the surrounding interior of the septic tank closed system that operates independently of the surrounding interior of the septic tank and preferably also does not emit purified water into the surrounding interior of the septic tank; Rather, the purified water should preferably be discharged from the reactor via an outlet which forms a separate discharge line from the interior of the waste water tank.
Zur Erzielung einer besonders platzsparenden Bauweise sollte der Reaktor vollständig innerhalb des Abwassertanks angeordnet sein. To achieve a particularly space-saving design of the reactor should be located entirely within the septic tank.
Weitere bevorzugte Ausführungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen angegeben. Further preferred embodiments and further developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.
Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Figur 1 näher erläutert, in der eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Verunreinigungen enthaltendem Abwasser in einer bevorzugten Ausführung schematisch als Blockschaltbild dargestellt ist. Hereinafter, a preferred embodiment of the invention with reference to the accompanying Figure 1 is explained in more detail, in which a device for the purification of impurities containing wastewater in a preferred embodiment is shown schematically as a block diagram.
In der schematischen Darstellung einer bevorzugten Ausführung einer Reinigungsanlage gemäß der beigefügten einzigen Figur 1 ist eine Zuführleitung 2 zu erkennen, welche eine Pumpe 4 enthält, um Abwasser, das Verunreinigungen, gewöhnlich Dickstoffe biologischen Ursprunges, enthält, in einen Abwassertank 6 zu fördern. Der Abwassertank 6, welcher beispielsweise auf Schiffen als Fäka- lientank vorgesehen sein kann, dient zur Zwischenspeicherung des Abwassers. Das Volumen eines solchen Abwassertanks 6 beträgt gewöhnlich einige Kubikmeter bzw. einige Tausend Liter. Über einen Zulauf 8, der innerhalb des Abwassertanks 6 unterhalb des Wasserspiegels bzw. der Wasseroberfläche 9 liegt, somit vollständig im Abwassertank eingetaucht ist und vorzugsweise kurz oberhalb des Bodens 6a des Abwassertanks angeordnet ist, kommuniziert der Abwassertank 6 mit einem Reaktor 10, der somit über den Zulauf 8 direkt aus dem den Reaktor 10 umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks 6 mit dem Verunreinigungen enthaltenden Abwasser versorgt wird. Der Reaktor 10 bildet ein eigenständiges, gegenüber dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks 6 geschlossenes System, das autark gegenüber dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks 6 arbeitet. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel besteht der Reaktor 10 aus einem im Wesentlichen aufrechten zylindrischen Behälter und ist unterteilt in eine untere Transportzone 10a (kurze Verweilzeit) und eine obere Reaktionszone 10b (längere Verweilzeit). Diese beiden Zonen 10a, 10b sind getrennt durch eine in der Figur nicht dargestellte Schleuse oder Querschnittsverengung. Der Zulauf 8 ist an die untere Transportzone 10a angeschlossen. Mithilfe einer nicht dargestellten Begasungseinrichtung wird Gas, gewöhnlich Luft oder Sauerstoff, in die Transportzone 10a und somit in das dort befindliche Abwasser eingebracht. Zur innigen Vermischung mit dem Gas und zum Lösen desselben wird innerhalb der Transportzone 10a das Abwasser in einer umlaufenden Strömung bewegt. Durch die zuvor erwähnte Schleuse oder Querschnittsverengung findet eine Flüssigkeitsströmung von der unteren Transportzone 10a in die obere Reaktionszone 10b statt. In der Reaktionszone 10b wird das Abwasser ebenfalls einer Kreisströmung unterworfen. Die Reaktionszone 10b dient zum biologischen Abbau der Verunreinigungen im Abwasser. Hierzu enthält der Reaktor 10 in üblicher weise Biomasse, die mit dem Abbau der Verunreinigungen wächst und in bekannter Weise nach und nach entnommen wird. Die Reaktionszone 10b und die Transportzone 10a können des Weiteren über einen in der Figur nicht dargestellten Rücklauf miteinander verbunden sein, um eine Rückführung zumindest eines Teils der Flüssigkeit aus der Reaktionszone 10b in die Transportzone 10a mit nachfolgender Neuanreicherung mit Gas zu bewirken. Zu weiteren Einzelheiten der Konstruktion des Reaktors 10 wird beispielsweise auf die DE 1 98 42 332 A1 verwiesen. Das im Reaktor 10 insoweit gereinigte Abwasser tritt über einen an die Reaktionszone 10b angeschlossenen Ablauf 12 aus dem Reaktor 10 aus und wird mithilfe einer Pumpe 14 durch eine Verbindungsleitung 16 in eine Trenneinheit 18 gefördert. In der Trenneinheit 18 findet ein weiterer Reinigungsprozess statt, indem im Abwasser eventuell noch vorhandene restliche Verunreinigungen mechanisch zurückgehalten werden. Wie die Figur schematisch erkennen lässt, besteht im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel die Trenneinheit 18 aus einem Behälter, dessen Innenraum durch eine Membran 20 in einen stromaufwärts gelegenen Abschnitt 18a und einen stromabwärts gelegenen Abschnitt 18b unterteilt ist. Die Membran 20 übernimmt eine Filterfunktion, so dass die im gereinigten Abwasser noch befindlichen restlichen Verunreinigungen durch die Membran 20 zurückgehalten und im stromaufwärts gelegenen Abschnitt 18b gesammelt werden. Durchgelassen durch die Membran 20 wird nur noch die reine Flüssigkeit in den stromabwärts gelegenen Abschnitt 18b der Trenneinheit 18. Das auf diese Weise zweistufig gereinigte Abwasser tritt über einen Ablauf 22 aus dem stromabwärts gelegenen Abschnitt 18b der Trenneinheit 18 aus. In der Figur ist die Membran 20 nur durch einen einfachen geraden Strich angedeutet; tatsächlich ist die Membran aber in der Regel mit einer solchen besonderen Form versehen, so dass eine möglichst große Oberfläche gebildet wird. In the schematic representation of a preferred embodiment of a cleaning system according to the accompanying single Figure 1, a supply line 2 is shown, which includes a pump 4 to waste water containing contaminants, usually thick matter of biological origin, to promote in a waste water tank 6. The waste water tank 6, which may for example be provided on ships as Fäka- lientank serves for intermediate storage of the wastewater. The volume of such a waste water tank 6 is usually a few cubic meters or a few thousand liters. Via a feed 8, which is located within the waste water tank 6 below the water level or the water surface 9, thus completely immersed in the waste water tank and is preferably located just above the bottom 6a of the waste water tank, the waste water tank 6 communicates with a reactor 10, which thus the feed 8 is supplied directly from the reactor 10 surrounding the interior of the waste water tank 6 with the wastewater containing impurities. The reactor 10 forms an independent, compared to the surrounding interior of the septic tank 6 closed system, which operates independently of the surrounding interior of the septic tank 6. In the illustrated embodiment, the reactor 10 consists of a substantially upright cylindrical container and is divided into a lower transport zone 10a (short residence time) and an upper reaction zone 10b (longer residence time). These two zones 10a, 10b are separated by a lock or cross-sectional constriction, not shown in the figure. The inlet 8 is connected to the lower transport zone 10a. By means of a gassing device, not shown, gas, usually air or oxygen, is introduced into the transport zone 10a and thus into the wastewater located there. For intimate mixing with the gas and for releasing the same within the transport zone 10a, the wastewater is moved in a circulating flow. Through the aforementioned lock or cross-sectional constriction, a liquid flow from the lower transport zone 10a takes place in the upper reaction zone 10b. In the reaction zone 10b, the wastewater is also subjected to a circular flow. The reaction zone 10b serves to biodegrade the impurities in the wastewater. For this purpose, the reactor 10 contains in the usual way biomass, which grows with the degradation of the impurities and is removed in a known manner gradually. The reaction zone 10b and the transport zone 10a may further be connected to each other via a return, not shown in the figure, to effect a return of at least a portion of the liquid from the reaction zone 10b in the transport zone 10a with subsequent re-enrichment with gas. For further details of the construction of the reactor 10, reference is made, for example, to DE 1 98 42 332 A1. The wastewater purified in the reactor 10 so far exits the reactor 10 via an outlet 12 connected to the reaction zone 10 b and is conveyed by means of a pump 14 through a connecting line 16 into a separation unit 18. In the separation unit 18, a further purification process takes place in that any remaining impurities remaining in the wastewater are mechanically retained. As the figure shows schematically, in the illustrated embodiment, the separation unit 18 consists of a container whose interior is divided by a membrane 20 into an upstream portion 18a and a downstream portion 18b. The membrane 20 performs a filtering function so that the residual contaminants remaining in the purified waste water are retained by the membrane 20 and collected in the upstream section 18b. Passed through the membrane 20, only the pure liquid in the downstream portion 18 b of the separation unit 18. The thus two-stage purified waste water exits via a drain 22 from the downstream portion 18 b of the separation unit 18. In the figure, the membrane 20 is indicated only by a simple straight line; in fact, however, the membrane is usually provided with such a special shape, so that the largest possible surface is formed.
Wie die Figur ferner erkennen lässt, ist im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel der Reaktor 10 innerhalb des Abwassertanks 6 vollständig eingebaut, so dass er bei der Installation der in der Figur gezeigten Anlage nicht nach außen in Erscheinung tritt und deshalb auch keinen zusätzlichen Platz beansprucht. Zwar erfährt durch den Einbau des Reaktors 10 das effektive Aufnahmevolumen des Abwassertanks 6 eine Reduzierung, jedoch wirkt sich diese in der Praxis faktisch nicht aus, da das Volumen der gebräuchlich verwendeten Abwassertanks erheblich größer ist als das Bauvolumen des Reaktors 10. Dies kommt in der beiliegenden Figur nicht maßstabsgetreu zum Ausdruck, da aus Gründen der besseren Darstellung der Reaktor 10 im Verhältnis zum Abwassertank 6 vergrößert abgebildet ist. Durch den Einbau des Reaktors 10 in den Abwassertank 6 braucht der Zulauf 8 nur als einfacher Stutzen ausgebildet zu sein, welcher eine Verbindung zwischen dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks 6 und dem Innenraum des Reaktors 10 herstellt. Wie die Figur ferner schematisch erkennen lässt, muss der Ablauf 12 aus dem Reaktor 10 durch die Wandung 6a des Abwassertanks 6 nach außen geführt werden und bildet hierfür eine gegenüber dem Innenraum des Abwassertanks 6 getrennte Abflussleitung. Alternativ ist es aber auch denkbar, den Reaktor 10 nicht vollständig innerhalb des Abwassertanks 6 anzuordnen, sondern nur teilweise in diesen einzubauen, so dass er beispielsweise mit seinem oberen Abschnitt aus dem Abwassertank 6 hinausragt und dadurch eine Durchleitung des Ablaufes 12 durch die Wandung 6a des Abwassertanks 6 vermieden wird. As the figure further reveals, in the illustrated embodiment, the reactor 10 is completely installed within the waste water tank 6, so that it does not appear in the installation of the system shown in the figure outwardly and therefore does not claim any additional space. Although the effective receiving volume of the waste water tank 6 undergoes a reduction due to the installation of the reactor 10, in practice it does not have any practical effect since the volume of waste water tanks commonly used is considerably larger than the volume of construction of the reactor 10. This can be seen in the attached Figure not to scale for expression, since for reasons of better representation, the reactor 10 is shown enlarged in relation to the waste water tank 6. By installing the reactor 10 in the waste water tank 6, the inlet 8 needs to be formed only as a simple nozzle, which is a connection between the surrounding interior of the septic tank 6 and the interior of the reactor 10 produces. As the figure also shows schematically, the drain 12 must be led out of the reactor 10 through the wall 6a of the waste water tank 6 to the outside and forms for this purpose a relation to the interior of the waste water tank 6 separate drain line. Alternatively, it is also conceivable not to completely arrange the reactor 10 within the waste water tank 6, but only partially install in this, so that it protrudes, for example, with its upper portion of the waste water tank 6 and thereby a passage of the drain 12 through the wall 6a of Sewage tanks 6 is avoided.
Abschließend sei noch der guten Vollständigkeit angemerkt, dass die Figur nur eine sehr vereinfachte Darstellung der zuvor beschriebenen Anlage wiedergibt. Tatsächlich weist eine solche Anlage gewöhnlich noch weitere Aggregate wie z.B. Pumpen, Abzweige, Schieber, Ventile und weitere Rohrleitungen sowie Steuerungen und Energieversorgungseinrichtungen auf, die gewöhnlich zu dem außerhalb des Abwassertanks befindlichen Teil der Anlage gehören, aber in der Figur aus Gründen der Übersichtlichkeit weggelassen sind. Ebenfalls kann die Trenneinheit 18 eine Mehrzahl von Filtern und/oder Membranen enthalten. Schließlich können anstelle eines Reaktors 10 auch mehrere Reaktoren verwendet werden, die bevorzugt allesamt im Abwassertank 6 eingebaut sind. Finally, the good completeness noted that the figure reflects only a very simplified representation of the system described above. In fact, such a plant usually still has other aggregates such as e.g. Pumps, branches, valves, valves and other piping as well as controls and power supplies, which usually belong to the outside of the septic tank part of the system, but are omitted in the figure for reasons of clarity. Also, the separation unit 18 may include a plurality of filters and / or membranes. Finally, instead of a reactor 10, a plurality of reactors may also be used, which are preferably all installed in the waste water tank 6.

Claims

Ansprüche claims
1. In ein Wasserfahrzeug einbaubare oder eingebaute Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Verunreinigungen enthaltendem Abwasser mit mindestens einem an einen Abwassertank (6) zur Zwischenspeicherung des Abwassers anschließbaren Reaktor (10), in dem das Abwasser mit Gas vermischt und angereichert wird und ein biologischer Abbau der Verunreinigungen stattfindet, und mindestens einer an den Reaktor (10) angeschlossenen Trenneinheit (18), in der im Abwasser evtl. noch vorhandene restliche Verunreinigungen zurückgehalten werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (10) für einen mindestens teilweise Einbau in den Abwassertank (6) ausgebildet ist und im wesentlichen eine eigenständige, gegenüber dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks (6) geschlossene Einheit bildet. 1. Installable in a vessel or built-in device for the purification of impurities containing wastewater with at least one connectable to a waste water tank (6) for temporary storage of wastewater reactor (10) in which the waste water is mixed with gas and enriched and a biological degradation of the impurities takes place, and at least one of the reactor (10) connected to the separation unit (18), are retained in the waste water possibly remaining residual impurities, characterized in that the reactor (10) for an at least partial installation in the waste water tank (6) is formed and essentially an independent, compared to the surrounding interior of the septic tank (6) closed unit forms.
2. Vorrichtung Anspruch 1 , 2. Device claim 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (10) für einen vollständigen Einbau in den Abwassertank (6) ausgebildet ist. characterized in that the reactor (10) is designed for complete installation in the waste water tank (6).
3. In ein Wasserfahrzeug einbaubare oder eingebaute Vorrichtung zur Reinigung von Verunreinigungen enthaltendem Abwasser mit mindestens einem Abwassertank (6) zur Zwischenspeicherung des Abwassers, einem an den Abwassertank (6) angeschlossenen Reaktor (10), in dem das Abwasser mit Gas vermischt und angereichert wird und ein biologischer Abbau der Verunreinigungen stattfindet, und mindestens einer an den Reaktor (10) angeschlossenen Trenneinheit (18), in der im Abwasser evtl. noch vorhandene restliche Verunreinigungen zurückgehalten werden, 3. Installable in a watercraft or built-in device for the purification of impurities containing wastewater with at least one waste water tank (6) for temporary storage of wastewater, a to the waste water tank (6) connected to the reactor (10), in which the waste water is mixed with gas and enriched and biodegradation of the impurities takes place, and at least one separation unit (18) connected to the reactor (10), in which residual impurities still present in the wastewater are retained,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (10) mindestens teilweise innerhalb des Abwassertanks (6) angeordnet ist und im wesentlichen eine eigenständige, gegenüber dem umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks (6) geschlossene Einheit bildet. characterized in that the reactor (10) is at least partially disposed within the waste water tank (6) and essentially forms an independent, compared to the surrounding interior of the waste water tank (6) closed unit.
4. Vorrichtung Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor vollständig innerhalb des Abwassertanks (6) angeordnet ist. 4. Device claim 3, characterized in that the reactor is disposed completely within the waste water tank (6).
5. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abwassertank (6) ausschließlich nur zur Zwischenspeicherung von von außen zugeführtem, verschmutztem Abwasser vorgesehen ist. 5. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the waste water tank (6) is provided exclusively for the temporary storage of externally supplied, polluted wastewater.
6. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, gekennzeichnet durch einen Zulauf (2) zur Zuführung des Abwassers von außen in den Abwassertank (6). 6. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized by an inlet (2) for supplying the waste water from the outside into the waste water tank (6).
7. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (10) einen unterhalb des Wasserspiegels (9) im Abwassertank (6) anzuordnenden Zulauf (8) aufweist, der eine im Wesentlichen direkte Verbindung zwischen einem den Reaktor (10) umgebenden Innenraum des Abwassertanks (6) und dem Innenraum des Reaktors (10) herstellt. 7. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor (10) has a below the water level (9) in the waste water tank (6) to be arranged inlet (8) having a substantially direct connection between a reactor (10 ) surrounding the interior of the waste water tank (6) and the interior of the reactor (10) produces.
8. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Reaktor (10) einen Auslauf (12) aufweist, der eine gegenüber dem Innenraum des Abwassertanks (6) getrennte Abflussleitung bildet, durch die das gereinigte Abwasser aus dem Reaktor (10) abgeleitet wird. 8. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the reactor (10) has an outlet (12) which forms a relative to the interior of the waste water tank (6) separate drain line through which the purified wastewater from the reactor (10 ) is derived.
9. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trenneinheit (18) mindestens einen Filter aufweist, durch den das Abwasser hindurch geleitet wird. 9. Device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation unit (18) has at least one filter through which the wastewater is passed through.
10. Vorrichtung nach mindestens einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trenneinheit (18) mindestens eine Membran (20) aufweist, durch die das Abwasser hindurch geleitet wird. 10. The device according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the separation unit (18) has at least one membrane (20) through which the waste water is passed.
PCT/EP2010/064943 2009-10-07 2010-10-06 Device for cleaning wastewater comprising contaminants and that can be or is installed in a watercraft WO2011042476A1 (en)

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